ADITYA HIGH SCHOOL

Physics - (2010-11)
1 Mark Questions
1. MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH
1. What is the principle of a Screw gauge?
Screw gauge works on the principle of screw in a nut.

2. What is the least count of a Screw gauge?

Least Count L.C = ____Pitch of the screw___
No of head scale divisions
3. What is the pitch of a screw?
The distance traveled by the tip of a screw for one complete rotation of its head is called the pitch of the screw.

2. OUR UNIVERSE GRAVITATION

1. What is Heliocentric theory?
Heliocentric theory was proposed by a polish monk named Copernicus in 16th century hence it is also called as
Copernican theory.
According to this theory earth and other planets revolve around the sun in perfect circles.
2. What is Geocentric theory?
Geocentric theory was proposed by Ptolemy in 2 century A.D hence it is also called Ptolemaic theory.
According to this theory sun and planets revolve around the earth.
3. What is meant by Acceleration due to gravity?
The uniform acceleration produced in a freely falling body due to the gravitational pull of the earth is known as
acceleration due to gravity and is denoted by ‘g’.
4. Define the weight of an object?
The weight of the body is defined as the force with which it is attracted by the earth towards its center, and is equal to the
product of its mass and the acceleration due to gravity’.
W=mg
5.Define the mass of a body?
The total quantity of matter contained in a body is defined as its mass.
6* State Hook’s law?
When a spring is fixed at one end and a force is applied to the other end, then the stretching of the spring is proportional
to the applied force, provided the force applied is within the elastic limit of the spring, This statement is known as
‘Hooke’s law’.
(Or) "Stress is directly proportional to strain when a body is inelastic limit''
7. Calculate the gravitational force on a stone of mass 10kg?
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8m/sec2
mass of the stone, m=10kg
The gravitational force on the stone,
F = mg = 10 × 9.8 = 98 newton.
8. Define 1 kg wt?
The gravitational force acting on a body of mass 1kg is called 1kg wt
9. What is the relation between 'g' and 'G'?
g = GM/r2

3. KINEMATICS
1. Write the equations of motion for a freely falling body.
i) V = gt
ii) h = 1/2 gt2
iii) v2 = 2gh
2. Write the equation of motion for a body thrown upwards.

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 i) u = – gt
ii) h = ut –1/2 gt2
iii) u2 = 2gh
3. For a freely falling body 'g' is taken as positive. Why?
In case of freely falling body, the direction of motion of body and the direction of acceleration due to gravity (g)
are same hence 'g' is taken as positive.
4. For a body thrown up 'g' is taken as negative. why?
For a body thrown up, the direction of motion of body and direction of acceleration due to gravity (g) are opposite.
Hence 'g' is taken as negative.
5. Define the time of ascent.
The time taken by the body thrown up to reach its maximum height is known as time of ascent.
6. What is meant by time of descent?
The time taken by the freely falling body to touch the ground is called time of descent.
7. Define time of flight? (Or) What is the time of flight?
The time for which the body remains in air is called time of flight. It is equal to the sum of time of ascent and time
of descent. i.e. t = 2u/g
8. Find the velocity of a freely falling body from a height of 20m when it touches the ground? (g = 10m/sec2)
Given h = 20 m
g= 10 m/sec2
Initial velocity u = 0
v2 = 2gh
= 2 x 10 x 20 = 400
v= √400 = 20m/s

4. DYNAMICS
1. What is the principle of launching a satellite into an orbit?
When a sufficient horizontal speed is imparted to a body it revolves round the earth. This is the principle of launching
an artificial satellite.
2. What is a centripetal force?
The force which acts continuously on a particle initially with a linear velocity and makes it travel along a circular path
is called centripetal force.
3. What is centrifugal force?
The radially outward force on a body in a uniform circular motion, observable only in a rotating frame of reference, is
called centrifugal force.
4. Define Banking angle?
The angle made by the line joining the outer raised edge of the road to the inner edge with the horizontal line is called
banking angle.
5. Define angular displacement and write it units.
The angle through which the radius vector rotates in a given time is called angular
displacement and its units are radians.
6. What is orbital velocity?
The horizontal velocity which is imparted to an artificial satellite such that it goes round the earth in an orbit is
called its orbital velocity.
7. Why is centrifugal force called a fictitious force?
Centrifugal force is called a fictitious force because it is a pseudo-force which appears only when the frame of
reference is non-inertial on in accelerated frame of reference.
8. Define angular velocity. What are its units?
The rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time(t) is called angular velocity and its units are
radian/sec (ω).
9. Define Simple Harmonic Motion.
The to and Fro motion of a particle about a mean position on a fixed path such that the acceleration of the particle

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 is always directed towards the mean position and is directly proportional to the displacement of the particle from
its mean position is called Simple Harmonic Motion.

5. ELECTRO MAGNETIC SPECTRUM

1. What is Radiography?
Medical diagnosis of a disease by the use of soft X-rays is called radiography.
2. What is Radiotherapy?
The method of curing some diseases using soft X-rays is called as radiotherapy.
3. What are the uses of hard X – rays?
Hard X-rays are used for testing materials in industry and also to determine the structures of the materials.

6. SOUND
1. What are damped vibrations?
Periodic vibrations of decreasing amplitude are called damped vibrations.
2. Define Resonance?
Resonance is the phenomenon in which if one of the two bodies of the same natural frequency is set into vibration, the
other body also vibrates with larger amplitude under the influence of the first body.
3. Define Node and Antinode? Or What are 'nodes' and 'antinodes' in a stationary wave?
In a standing wave the point at which the particles undergo minimum displacement is called node and the point at which
particles undergo maximum displacement is called Antinode.
4. Define Natural vibrations of a body?
The oscillation or vibrations of a body are called natural or free vibrations if it is vibrating without the influence of
any external periodic force.
5. Define vibration of a body?
To and fro motion of a body about its mean position is called vibration.
6. Define a progressive wave?
A wave originating in a source and travelling forward in a medium is called a progressive wave.
8. On what factors does the frequency of a body depend?
The frequency of a body depends on its a) elastic constants b) dimension and c) nodes of vibration.

7. LIGHT
1. Expand LASER?
LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
2. Define Diffraction?
The bending of a wave or its deviation from the original direction of propagation when it meets a small obstacle is
called diffraction.
3. What is interference?
The physical effect of superposition of waves from two sources vibrating with same frequency and amplitude is called
the interference of waves.
4. Define ‘Solid angle’?
When normal lines are drawn from the boundary of a portion on the surface of a sphere such that the lines meet at its
center and form a cone, then the angle enclosed by the conical surface is defined as Solid Angle.

8. MAGNETISM
1. Define Magnetic moment? What are its units in S.I system?
Magnetic Moment (M) of a bar magnet is measured by the product of its pole strength (m) & its magnetic length (2l)
The S.I unit of magnetic moment is A-m2
2. What are the Ferro magnetic substances?
Ferro magnetic substances are those in which the resultant magnetic moments of individual atoms align themselves in
parallel locally because of a specific effect present in them giving rise to spontaneous magnetization.
3. Define magnetic field induction?

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 Magnetic field induction or magnetic flux density B is defined as the magnetic flux passing through a unit normal area.
4. Define Intensity of magnetic field? What are its units S.I and C.G.S systems?
The intensity of magnetic field (H) at a point is defined as the force acting on a unit north pole placed at that
point, Independent of the medium. Units in C.G.S system is Gauss.
5. State Inverse square law of magnetism?
The inverse square law of magnetism states that, the force of attraction or repulsion between two magnetic poles
is directly proportional to the product of their pole strengths and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them and acts along the line joining the poles.

9. CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1. What is Specific resistance?
The specific resistance of a material is defined as the resistance of its specimen of unit length and unit area of cross-
section.
2. State Lenz’s law?
Lenz’s Law states that the induced current will appear in such a direction that it opposes the change that produced it.
3. What is the principle of working of a Transformer?
A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction using mutual inductance of two coils.
4. What is electrolysis?
The process of decomposition of a chemical compound in a solution when an electric current passes through it is called
electrolysis.
5. What is the use of iron core in a transformer?
A transformer uses iron core to minimize power losses.
6. State Ohm’s law?
Ohms Law states that at constant temperature, the potential difference (V) across a conductor is directly proportional to
current (i) through it.

10. MODERN PHYSICS

1. Define mass defect?
Mass defect is the difference between the sum of the individual masses of constituents in a nucleus and the mass of the
nucleus itself.
2. What is binding energy?
The energy required to bind two protons and two neutrons together in a nucleus is called as binding energy.
3. What are the Isobars? Give examples?
Atoms of the different elements having same mass number but different atomic number are called Isobars.
Ex:40K19 40Ca20
4. What are Isotopes? Give examples?
Atoms of same element having same atomic number but different mass number are called isotopes of that element.
Ex:20Ne10 21Ne10 22Ne10
5. What are Isotones? Give examples?
Isotones are the atoms with their nuclei having same number of neutrons but different number of protons.
Ex: Silicon and Phosphorus.
Element Z A N
Si 1 3 17
4 1
P 1 3 17
5 2
6. State law of radioactive disintegration?
In any radioactive substance, the number of atoms disintegrating per second is directly proportional to the number of
atoms present.

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USES OF RADIO ISOTOPES
a) In medicine:
1) Radio Sodium (11Na24) is used to detect a clot in the blood of a human body
2) Radio Cobalt (27Co60 ) is used to kill cancer cells.
3) Radio Iodine (53I131 ) is used to test the functioning of Thyroid.
b) In Industry
1) Radio Cobalt (27Co60 ) is used to detect internal flaws of cast material.
2) Radiation from radio Isotopes is used to dispel the static electricity acquired by some material.
c) Agriculture
1) Unnecessary mutations of plants can be prevented by irradiating seeds using radio Isotopes.
d) Meteorology
1) The course of Monsoon and the changes they undergo can be studied by injecting radioactive gases into
atmosphere and they are followed with suitable detectors.
e) Radio active dating
1) The age of ancient biological materials (Fossils) can be determined by using radio Carbon (6C14).
2) The age of rocks can be determined by using Uranium isotope.

11. ELECTRONICS
1. What is a Byte?
A group of 8 bits is called a Byte
2. What is doping?
The process of introducing impurities in small quantities into a material is called Doping.
3. What is modulation?
The process of fixing messages to r.f carrier waves is called modulation.
4. What is a program?
A group of instructions is called a program.
5. Expand CPU?
CPU stands for Central processing Unit.
6. Define Hole?
The absence of an electron in the valence band of a semiconductor is called “HOLE”
SOME IMPORTANT MATTER
Visible spectrum 0.4µm----- 0.7µm
Infra red spectrum 0.7µm---- 100µm
Micro waves 10µm----10m
Radio Waves 1 metre---- 100 k.m.
U.V.Spectrum 0.4µm-----1 N.m
X-rays 0.01Å ---100Å
Gamma rays 0.001Å----1Å

Derivation of Q = i2Rt/J
Electric potential at a point in space is defined as the work done in moving a single unit positive charge from infinity with out any
acceleration from infinity to that point.
Potential V = W/q
W = Vq ------- (1)
From the definition of Current, i = q/t
 q = it (2)
There fore, (1) W = Vit -------------(3)
According to Ohm’s law, V =iR
Therefore, (3)  W = i2Rt ------------- (4)
According to Joule’s law the amount of heat produced in a conductor is directly proportional to work done.
Wα Q
W = JQ

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Q = W/J (5)
Substituting (4) in (5), we get
Q = i2Rt/ J