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The graph of the LED I/V characteristics is really a collection of operating points of
the LED. Some of these points cause the LED to illuminate. Your task is to cause the
selected operating point current to flow through the LED and the selected operating
point voltage to drop across the diode. Two methods will be shown here:
a. Computational Method – On the graph in Figure 1, a notional LED’s
operating point of 0.89V and 0.065A was chosen. To achieve this diode
operating point 0.065A must flow through the circuit (i.e through RS and the
LED) and 0.89V must drop across the diode (which it will with 0.065A
flowing through the diode) and therefore VRS = (Vin – 0.89V) must drop
across RS.
VRS = (Vin – 0.89V)
Rs
ID = 0.065A
Vin LED VD = 0.89V
Figure 2. Computational Method for Selecting LED Current Limiting Resistor (RS)
b. PSpice Method - Treat the LED as a resistor with its operating point (i.e. V/I)
as the resistance of that resistor. Perform a parameter sweep of the current
limiting resistor (RS) monitoring current through the LED (simulated by a
resistor). On the simulation output trace locate the desired LED current: the
corresponding location of this point on the X-axis is the desired value for RS.
2. Required Information
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A. Diode Pin Out Orientation
The diodes used for this experiment and their respective pin-out orientations are
shown in Figure 3 below. Generally diodes are marked with a colored band that
denotes the negative pin. For LEDs the pins are usually different lengths with the
short pin being negative; however, on the LEDs that you will be using, the pins are
the same length. The negative pin on the LEDs is connected to the larger internal
structure.
C. Transformer
For experiments 2, 3, and 4 the AC power will be supplied from a step-down,
center-tapped transformer. The one you will be using is provided in the laboratory
and is shown in Figure 4 with its corresponding schematic in Figure 5.
3. Laboratory Procedure
A. Interfacing a LED with power
Using your LED I/V data from Lab 1 and your pre-lab design values, you will build
a LED circuit powered with 1 of the 3 pre-lab input voltages and verify your design.
1. From your pre-lab calculations for a current limiting resistor, construct a test
circuit and verify your design for one current limiting resistor values you
determined and the corresponding input voltage. Verify the following
parameters:
Circuit input voltage (Vin)
Voltage drop across the LED (Vd)
Voltage drop across RS
LED current (ID)
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Transformer D1
120 Vac
Ls1
D1N4148
Lp
RL
Ls2
3.9k
1. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 7. On the oscilloscope, capture the input
(between outer transformer leads, not outer and center-tap) and output
waveforms. Using the measure function capture and display the following
parameters:
Input amplitude (use the “Max” measurement feature)
Input RMS (use the “Cycle RMS” feature )
Output amplitude (use the “Max” measurement feature)
Output RMS (use the “Cycle RMS” feature)
Transformer D1
120 Vac
Ls1
D1N4148
Lp
RL
3.9k
Ls2 D2
D1N4148
Note: Due to grounding issues with the full wave rectifier bridge configuration
when used in conjunction with the oscilloscope, capturing of the input and
output waveforms must be done separately.
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Experiment 3 – Full Wave Rectifier Bridge
Transformer
D2 D1
120 Vac
D1N4148 D1N4148
Ls1
Lp
Ls2
D4 D3 RL
D1N4148 D1N4148 3.9k
This Lab submittal will be an informal report. Your report should be in Word with
graphics pasted in.
The items listed below are the minimum that should be included in your report.
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C. Experiment 3 Data: Full Wave Rectifier, Center-Tapped Configuration
1. A schematic of your circuit.
2. A oscilloscope trace of the input and output wave with the following
measurements shown:
Input amplitude
Input RMS
Output amplitude
Output RMS
E. Summary Table
1. A table comparing the input and output RMS values for each of the rectifiers
built and tested.
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