UNIVERSITY SCIENCE INSTRUMENTATION CENTRE (USIC)

JVD COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ANDHRA UNIVERSITY

M.Sc. (Tech.) DSP &ESD, V Semester

DS 501 FPGA Design

( common for M.Sc.(Tech.) VLSI Design and M.Sc.(Tech.) DSP & ESD)

1. Introduction to PLDs:
ROMs, Logic array (PLA), Programmable array logic, GAL, bipolar PLA, NMOS PLA, PAL 14L 4,
examples
2. Programmable gate arrays
Xilinx logic cell array (LCA) I/O Block Programmable interconnect Xilinx 3000 series and 4000
series FPGAs. Altera CPLDs, altera FLEX 10 K series PLDs.
3. Placement and routing :
Mincut based placement iterative improvement placement Routing: Segmented channel routing Maze
routing Routability and routing resources Net delays
4. Verification and testing:
Verification Timing verification Testing concepts Fault coverage ATPG Types of tests Testing
FPGAs Design for testability.
5 Recent developments :
New architectures Field programmable interconnect Configuring logic arrays and prototyping boards
CAD support.
Text books
1. P.K. Chan & S. Mourad, Digital Design sing Field Programmable Gate Array Prentice Hall, 1994.
2. J. V. Old Field & R.C. Dorf, Field Programmable Gate Array, John Wiley, 1995.
References
1.M. Bolton, Digital System Design with Programmable Logic, Addison Wesley, 1990.
2.Thomas E. Dillinger, VLSI Engineering, Prentice Hall.

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 DS 502 Wireless and CDMA Technology

1. Transmission Fundamentals
Analog and Digital Data Transmission fundamentals, Channel Capacity. Transmission Media.
Multiplexing. LANs, MANs, and WANs. Switching Techniques. Circuit-Switching. Packet
Switching. Asynchronous Transfer Mode- ATM
2. Spread Spectrum Techniques
The Concept of Spread Spectrum. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum. Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum. Code-Division Multiple Access. Generation of Spreading Sequences.
3. Cellular Wireless Networks
Cellular Network Concept, First Generation (1G) Analog, Second Generation (2G) Digital TDMA.
GSM and mobility management in GSM, Third Generation Systems (3G) CDMA and 4 G
Technology overview.
4. Protocols Architecture: The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture and Mobile IP.
5. IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Standard.
IEEE 802 Protocol Architecture. IEEE 802.11 Architecture and Services. IEEE 802.11 Medium
Access Control. IEEE 802.11x Standards.
6. Blue tooth Technology
Radio Specifications. Base band Specification. Link Manager Specification. Logical Link Control and
Adaptation Protocol.
7. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
The Wireless Application Protocol application environment, wireless application protocol client
software, wireless application protocol gateways, implementing enterprise wireless application
protocol strategy and Security Issues in Wireless LAN. Wireless network management, GPRS, and
VOIP services.
8. CDMA Technology
Principles of Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMAOne and CDMA2000, Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS), Evolution of Mobile Communication Networks, Call Controls
and Mobility Management in CDMA.Quality of Service (QoS) in 3G Systems, CDMA network
planning, design and applications.
Text/ReferenceBooks :
1.William Stalling, Wireless Communications and Networks. Prentice Hall 2002
2.Yi-Bing Lin, Imrich Chlamtac, Wireless and Mobile Network Architecture, John Wiley-2001.
3.M. R. Karim, Mohsen Sarraf, W-CDMA and cdma2000 for 3G Mobile Networks, McGraw-Hill
Professional.

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 DS503 Advanced Embedded System Design

1. Embedded Systems:
Models of design representation, the virtual machine hierarchy, the performance modeling, Hardware
Software development, the concept of embedded systems design, embedded microcontroller cores,
embedded memories, Examples of embedded systems. Motivation hardware & software co-design,
system design consideration, research scope & overviews.
2. Technological aspects of embedded systems:
Interfacing between analog and digital blocks, signal conditioning, Digital signal processing, Sub-
system interfacing, interfacing with external systems, user interfacing. Design trade offs due to
process compatibility, thermal considerations, etc.
3. Hardware Software background: Hardware Software co-design research:
An informal view of co-design, Hardware Software tradeoffs, crosses fertilization, typical co-design
process, co-design environments, limitation of existing approaches, ADEPT modeling environment.
4. Co-design concepts:
Functions, functional decomposition, virtual machines, Hardware Software partitioning, Hardware
Software partitions, Hardware Software alterations, Hardware Software trade offs, co-design.
5. Methodology for Co-design:
Amount of unification, general consideration & basic philosophies, a framework for co-design.
Benefits of unified representation of Hardware & Software, Modeling concepts. Requirement &
applications of the models, models of Hardware Software system, an abstract Hardware Software
model, generality of the model. Performance evaluation of the abstract Hardware & Software model,
examples of performance evaluation
6. Object-oriented Techniques in Hardware Design:
Motivation for object-oriented technique, data types, modeling hardware components as classes,
designing specialized components, data decomposition, Processor example.
Text Books:
Sanjaya Kumar, James H. Ayler “The Co-design of Embedded Systems: A Unified Hardware
Software Representation”, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002
Gomaa, Software Design Methods for Concurrent and Real-time Systems, Addison-Wesley, 1993.
H. Kopetz, Real-time Systems, Kluwer, 1997.
R. Gupta, Co-synthesis of Hardware and Software for Embedded Systems, Kluwer 1995.
References:
S. Allworth, Introduction to Real-time Software Design, Springer-Verlag, 1984.
C. M. Krishna, K. Shin, Real-time Systems, Mc-Graw Hill, 1997.
Peter Marwedel, G. Goosens, Code Generation for Embedded Processors, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1995.
J.W. Valvano, "Embedded Microcomputer System: Real Time Interfacing", Brooks/Cole, 2000.
Jack Ganssle, "The Art of Designing Embedded Systems", Newnes, 1999.
Additional reading from selected journal papers.

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 DS 504 Mobile & Cellular Radio Communication

1. Introduction to Mobile and Cellular Communication Systems

Main Definitions, impact of Mobile and Cellular Radio Communication Historical overview.
2. Fundamental of Radio Mobile and Cellular Practices
Radio mobile links and cells, Frequency re-use, Principles of Cellular Com. Mobile Telephone Switching
Subsystem, The mobile frequency spectrum, Hand-off, Cochannel and adjacent channel interference limitations,
Near-far problem, Power Control
3. The mobile Communication Channel including antennas
The mobile wireless propagation channel, Notions on antennas especially the near and far field concept, Line of
Sight (LOS) propagation, Multipath fading and shadowing and over the horizon propagation, outdoor and
Indoor Propagation, Flat and selective fading, Special antennas for base stations and headsets, Deterministic,
Empirical and Statistical Methods for propagation link computations.
4. Overview of Mobile and Cellular Radio Communication Modulation and Detection Techniques
Analog modulations and detection: AM, FM, PM, ACSB, Hybrid and Digital modulation: PCM, ASK, FSK,
QPSK, QAM, MSK, etc, Coherent and noncoherent detection, C/N, S/N, Eb/No and BER relations, Probability
concepts, Mobile Radio links parameters
5. Overview of Multiple Accesses Techniques
Simplex, Duplex TDD and Time Division Duplex, Time division multiple access (TDMA) FDMA and OFDM,
Code Division multiple access (CDMA), Hybrid multiple access, Management of voice, Data and Video
(Multimedia) information.
6. Modern Digital Radio Systems: standards, proposals and comparisons
GSM (Europe and all over the world) - TDMA, IS-54 (U.S.A.)- TDMA, IS-95 (U.S.A., Korea) CDMA-, PHS
(Japan) - TDMA, Frequency Hopping (FH) (U.S.A.) - CDMA, Short Range Distance Nanocells and Picocells
Systems, PCS, PCS Cordless telephone 2nd generation (CT-2), Cellular digital packet data (CDPD), and
Wireless LAN, New standard trends Edge, 3rd and 4th generation beginning.
7. Mitigation Techniques for Mobile System
Overview of Natural and man made external noise sources, Desensitization effects from cosited or b power
sources, Forward intermodulation effects in mobile receivers and transmitters, Back intermodulation between
transmitters and passive effects, Single tone spurious effects, Self Interference from Fading, Overview of
Baseband and coding methods, Measurement techniques for noise and interference, Main techniques for
interference mitigation. Radiation hazards effects from base stations, Mobile and portable equipments.
8. Diversity Techniques for Mobile Radio Systems
Dispersive channels, Space diversity, Frequency diversity, Polarization diversity, Hybrid and quadruple
diversity, Equalizer techniques.
9. Trends in Mobile and Cellular Communications Multimedia
3rd and 4th Generation. Global Mobile systems using GEO and LEO. SQSP Platforms and Terrestriel links.
Novel Localization Techniques.

References
1. Steele, R., Hanzo, L., “Mobile Radio Communication” 2nd Edition Wiley 1999.
2. Hess G.C., “Land Mobile Radio System Engineering”, Artech 1997.
3. Rappaport, T.S., “Wireless Communications”, J. Wiley 2nd edition, 1998.
4. Gavan, J., Perez, R., Editor., “Electromagnetic Compatibility Handbook”. Academic Press, 1995.
Chapters 1, 19, 20.
5. Jakes WC., “Microwave Mobile Communications”, J. Wiley 2nd edition 1998.
6. Vaughan, R., Bach - Anderson, J., “Propagation and Antennas for Mobile Communication” IEE
Publishers 2002.
7. Perez R., “Wireless Communications Design Handbook Volume 2: Terrestrial and Mobile
Interference” Academic Press
8. Gardiner, J. West, B. Editor “Personal Communication Systems and Technologies” Artech 1995.
Chapters (1, 3, (7-10), 12
9. Gibson, E., “The Mobile Communications Handbook” CRC Press 2ndEdition 1999.
10. Current Papers from IEEE and IEE Transactions, Magazines, Telecommunication journals and Special
Web addresses.

DS 505 Project