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Principales TCP/IP
IDR7501
Intergación de Redes
Escuela de Informática y
Telecomunicaciones
1
Administración de Servicios de Red
El modelo OSI
Capa Nivel
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
Formato y Mensajes
6 PRESENTACIÓN - XDR, ASN.1
Sintaxis
Establecimiento
Mensajes
5 SESIÓN y Mantención de - RPC, Netbios
Sesiones
Conexiones
4 TRANSPORTE Confiables “end Segmentos Ports TCP, UDP
to end”
Direcciones
3 RED Enrutamiento Datagramas IP, IPX
Lógicas (IP)
Direcciones
Enmarcado y IEEE 802.x,
2 ENLACE Tramas (frames) Físicas (MAC,
Sincronismo PPP, HDLC
DLCI)
Características
Físicas y RS-232, IEEE-
1 FÍSICA Bits -
Mecánicas de la 449, X.21
Conexión
DoD OSI
Application
Session
Internet Network
Data Link
Network Access
Physical
• No Confiable
• No Orientado a la Conexión
• De Mejor Esfuerzo
• RFC 791
• Redes Privadas
• CIDR
• NAT
8 11111111 255 FF
7 11111110 254 FE
6 11111100 252 FC
5 11111000 248 F8
4 11110000 240 F0
3 11100000 224 E0
2 11000000 192 C0
1 10000000 128 80
DDN Prefijo
255.0.0.0 /8
255.255.0.0 / 16
255.255.255.0 / 24
255.255.255.252 / 30
255.240.0.0 / 12
255.255.248.0 / 21
255.255.255.255 / 32
255.254.0.0 / 15
IPv4
Header
ARP
Header
ICMP
Header
CWR (1 bit) – Congestion Window Reduced (CWR) flag is set by the sending host to indicate that it received a TCP segment with the ECE flag set and had responded in congestion
control mechanism (added to header by RFC 3168).
ECE (1 bit) – ECN-Echo indicates
If the SYN flag is set (1), that the TCP peer is ECN capable.
If the SYN flag is clear (0), that a packet with Congestion Experienced flag in IP header set is received during normal transmission (added to header by RFC 3168).
URG (1 bit) – indicates that the Urgent pointer field is significant
ACK (1 bit) – indicates that the Acknowledgment field is significant. All packets after the initial SYN packet sent by the client should have this flag set.
PSH (1 bit) – Push function. Asks to push the buffered data to the receiving application.
RST (1 bit) – Reset the connection
SYN (1 bit) – Synchronize sequence numbers. Only the first packet sent from each end should have this flag set. Some other flags change meaning based on this flag, and some are
only valid for when it is set, and others when it is clear.
FIN (1 bit) – No more data from sender
TCP
Header
UDP
Header
DNS
Header