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Diisocyanate
Handling Guide
Introduction
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is produced at the Perstorp TDI SCA ISO 9002-certified plant in Pont de
Claix, France. This plant is operated by Perstorp.
Table of Contents
Properties........................................................................ 4-5
at Various Temperatures
4
Physical Properties & Sales Specifications of TDI- When the level of dimer approaches 1% by weight,
80 Produced at the Pont de Claix Plant solid dimer forms as needle-like crystals. These
crystals cannot be completely filtered out because the
solution is supersaturated, and new crystals are formed
Typical Properties to replace those that are removed.
Molecular Weight 174.163 Temperatures below 15°C (59°F) cause TDI to freeze.
Density (g. per cm3) Frozen TDI is also white and crystalline. If frozen, TDI
@15.5°C (60°F) 1.22 may be thawed by heating (see Thawing TDI, page 8,
@20°C (68°F) 1.21 for methods and proper precautions).
@38°C (100°F) 1.20
@60°C (140°F) 1.18
Viscosity (cs) Sales Specifications T80 T65
@50°C (122°F) 1.5
Assay, min (%) >99.5 >99.5
@100°C (212°F) 0.8 Isomer Ration (%) 2,4-isomer 80+1 68+1
@135°C (275°F) 0.5 2,6-isomer 20+1 32+1
Freezing/Melting Point Range Acidity, as HCI (%) <0.004 0.005
T80 (°C) 13.5-14.5 Hydrolyzable Chlorides (%) 0.007 0.010
T65 (°C) 6.0-8.0 Chlorine, max (%) <0.07 <0.1
TX (°C) 20-21 Color (APHA) <40 <40
T100 (°C) 21.5-22.0
Sales Specifications TX T100
Freezing Point
2,4-isomer (°C) 15.0 Assay, min (%) >99.5 >99.5
2,6-isomer (°C) 7.2 Isomer Ration (%) 2,4-isomer >95 <99.0
Boiling Point 2,6-isomer <5 <1.0
@10mm Hg (°C) 121 Acidity, as HCI (%) <0.0015 <0.0130
@760mm Hg (°C) 250 Hydrolyzable Chlorides (%) <0.01 <0.0150
Chlorine, max (%) <0.10 <0.07
Flash Point, COC (°C) 132
Color (APHA) <40 <30
Fire Point, COC (°C) 142
Latent Heat of Evaporation (Kcal/Kg)
@120°C 72.8
@180°C 67.2
Vapor Air Density, air = 1 6
Vapor Pressure, approx. (mm Hg)
@20°C (68°F) 0.01
@120°C (248°F) 11 P
@130°C (266°F) 16 a
g
e
5
Guidelines for Safe Loading/Unloading
Transportation /Storage of TDI (Bulk)
All following information related to loading/ Additional TDI technical information is available
unloading and transportation/storage of bulk TDI upon request from Perstorp:
can be found on the ISOPA web site:
• Bulk loading facilities specifications
www.isopa.org/htdocs/isopa_site/documents_ns/gui • Bulk storage specifications
delines-English.pdf • Bulk unloading facilities with dry air
specifications
This information includes: • Bulk unloading facilities with pump
specifications
• Personal safety equipment • Hose specifications
• Design and construction of bulk transport • Isotank specification
units • Loading arm specifications
• Safety auditing of road haulers and tank • Piping specifications
operators • Pump specifications
• Product training for drivers • RTC specifications
• Loading operations • Sample bottle specifications
• Transport by road • Sampling facilities specifications
• Transport by rail • Vessel specifications.
• Transport by sea or inland water
• ISOPA’s Mutual Aid Scheme for providing Please see contact information at the end of this
assistance at transport/unloading document.
emergencies
6
Guidelines for the Responsible
Management of empty TDI Drums
www.isopa.org/htdocs/isopa_site/documents_ns/em
pty_drums.pdf
7
Thawing TDI
N0TE: After thawing TDI, the layers remain Heat Sources: The best way to thaw frozen TDI is
separated. If they are not mixed, processing with tempered hot water, thermostatically controlled
problems can be expected. However, if proper care to 40°C. Hot water is less likely to cause
is taken in thawing and remixing TDI, the quality dimerization than steam. If tempered hot water is not
can be maintained and no processing problems available, an alternate source of heat is 1.5 bar
should occur. steam, mixed with cold water. A steam/water mixing
system can be used to obtain the desired
How to Determine Whether TDI Is Frozen temperature.
Determine whether TDI is frozen is done by taking
its temperature while wearing proper protective Plants that have only steam available should avoid
equipment. Do not open the manway to inspect it pressures above 1.5 bar. High-pressure steam, if not
visually. Temperature measurement is accurate and watched very carefully, will rapidly overheat the
will detect frozen TDI, even when it is not visible. TDI. Even at lower temperatures, careful monitoring
must take place.
When to Heat a TDI Tank Car
If the TDI temperature is less than 18°C, the car After TDI Is Thawed
should be heated before it is unloaded. After the TDI has been heated to 35°C - 40°C, it
must be completely mixed to eliminate isomer
N0TE: If the car is not to be heated immediately, it separation. Unload the entire contents into a bulk
should be re-pressurized to 35 to 70 Kpa with storage tank and circulate for two to three hours
nitrogen to prevent crystals from forming as the before use.
result of contamination of the TDI with water. It
should be depressurized before heating and
unloading.
8
TDI Safety and Handling
Water: When TDI comes in contact with water, Inhalation: Repeated overexposure and/or a high
aromatic polyurea is formed; heat is generated, and one-time accidental exposure to TDI may cause
carbon dioxide is evolved. Pressure build-up from allergic lung sensitization or asthma. Symptoms may
the carbon dioxide will occur. This pressure could include wheezing, choking, tightness in the chest
rupture a storage vessel. To help prevent reactions and shortness of breath. Any individual exposed to
with water, TDI should be kept under a nitrogen pad. TDI above the occupational exposure limit may
Closed containers with unreacted TDI and water develop these symptoms; however, for sensitized
should never be sealed. Leaving the bung open or persons, these symptoms may occur at or below the
drum lid slightly ajar will prevent over occupational exposure limit. Repeated overexposure
pressurization. to TDI may also produce a cumulative decrease in
lung function, or the onset of asthma.
Chemical: Contact between TDI and acids should be
avoided. Contact with bases, such as caustic soda Dermal and Oral Exposure: The liquid and vapor of
and primary and secondary amines, might produce a TDI can cause moderate to severe irritation to the
violent reaction. The heat given off causes pressure eyes, skin and mucous membranes. If not rinsed off
build-up, and the storage vessel may rupture. immediately, burns to the eyes and skin may occur
Contact with tertiary amines commonly used as with the possibility of producing visual impairment.
urethane catalysts may cause uncontrollable While the oral toxicity of TDI is low, ingestion of
polymerization, with a similar result. High TDI can result in severe irritation to the
temperatures may also cause dimerization. gastrointestinal tract and produce nausea and
vomiting.
TDI should be kept away from certain rubber and
plastics. These materials will rapidly become *the value of 132.4 degrees C was determined using the
embrittled; cracks may develop and their strength Pensky-Martens closed cup method.
may be weakened.
9
TDI Safety and Handling (continued)
11
Emergency Telephone Number
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The information in this brochure is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication. It is the sole responsibility of the customer to determine whether
the product is appropriate and suitable for the customer's specific use. Perstorp makes no warranties, express or implied regarding the product or any
information contained herein. The applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) should be reviewed by customer before handling the Perstorp
product. Perstorp disclaims any liability for infringement of any patent by reason of customer's use of any Perstorp products in combination with other
materials or in any process. The product that would result from use of these formulas has not been tested or otherwise substantiated for safety by Perstorp.
The safety of any formulation incorporating a Perstorp product is the sole responsibility of the customer.