Castle

By

Nicole Kozumplik

Kathryn Bharadwaj

Ms.Watts

Yearbook

March 1, 2011

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OUTLINE TITLE
Introduction:
I. What is a Castle
A. Usage Purposes
1. Designed to be safe against the cavalry charge of knights
1. Built to represent the fortified private residence
2. Built to hold horses, garrison, servants, food and drink, and other
luxury items.
3. Lords built castles for protection and as bases for soldiers.
B. Description-Made of...
1. Stone
2. Natural rocky outcrop as a base
3. Earth
4. Timber
I. The First Castles
A. Whereabouts
1. The earliest Castles appeared in the 9th and 10th centuries,
created by Charlemagne in modern France, Germany, and northern
Italy.
A. Details
The simplest part of the castle was its ringwork: An enclosure
surrounded by a ditch with an earth rampart inside it.
4. In the 11th century, motte-and-bailey castles became popular
II. The Great Tower
A. Being Built
1. A large stone tower could become the main military and residential
building of a castle.
5. Expensive to build and took a long time to erect.
Skilled masons were needed to plan and build them.
B. Favoritism
1. Normans liked great towers with massively thick stone walls
6. Stone towers were more preferred than wood towers, for they were
stronger and did not burn.
III. Concentric Castles
A. The Concentric in the Castles
1. Castles built with rings of stone walls, one inside the other.
2. The outer wall is fairly close to, and lower than the inner wall.
3. Some towers were built to be sealed off, leaving the enemy
exposed.
B. Water Defenses
1. Inspired by Kenilworth Castle.
2. It works by sitting in an artificial lake formed by damming a
stream.
IV. Castles on the Loire
A. French Castles
1. Developed during the reign of Phillip Augustus.

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 2. Has powerful keeps, enclosures, round towers, and towers like a
beak.
B. The Vineyards
1. The illustration of September from the Duke of Berry’s Les tres
riches heures was written in 1416.
2. The lower windows in the castle above the vineyards have iron
grilles to stop people from getting in.
V. Castles in Spain
A. Rulers
1. Spain had Muslim rulers from A.D. 711 until Christians took their
last stronghold, Granada, in 1492.
2. The Muslim rulers built a different style of fort than Christians.
B. Granada
1. In 1492, the town of Granada and Southern Spain, the last
Moorish stronghold in Spain, fell to the Christians.
2. The Alhambra is a fortified palace set on a nearby hill and is full
of the most beautiful Moorish decoration, like these graceful arces
around a courtyard.
VI. Castles in Germany
A. What is Now Germany
1. Many princes and nobles lived in castles under the leadership of
an emperor.
2. German castle design was often influenced by the landscape.
B. Extras
1. In flatter areas, the Wasserburg, a castle protected by a wide moat
was seen.
2. Most large 11th –century and 12th-century castles were later given
a surrounding wall with flanking towers.
VII. The Chapel
A. Importance
1. It was an important room in a Christian castle, because
inhabitants were expected to join in regular services.
2. The dead were wrapped in cloth and the f unreal occurred there,
and it was mandatory to attend a funeral for respective purposes.
B. Visuals
1. The Bible Stories were depicted with pictures on the walls, for all
to see, for some people were illiterate.
2. A piece of alabaster is carved to create many of the walls.
IX. Laying a Siege
A. Fighting Back
1. To be able to tell when the enemy was coming, defenders might
place bowls of water to try to find ripples, meaning movements.
2. Attackers might try to break down the walls using artillery or
battering rams slung over moveable sheds, and in defense,
defenders would take hooks, and lower them to catch the heads of
battering heads, or dropped mattresses to cushion the blows.

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 B. Heads Up
1. Enemy heads were sometimes thrown to demoralize the
opposition.
2. Messengers with rejected terms might be trussed up in a
trebuchet, or dung or dead animals thrown to spread disease.
X. Men and Missiles
A. Special Features
1. Castles had special features to protect the defenders, while
allowing them to shoot at their enemies.
2. Battlements and loopholes enabled the archers to cover a wide
area in front of the castle.
B. Long Bow
1. The long-bow came to prominence in the 12th-century.
2. The long bow could propel its arrows at least 1,00 feet.

[Your Name]

[Your Instructor’s Name]

[Your Class]

[Date]

TITLE

First paragraph. All paragraphs in the body of the report are indented and

double-spaced.

Additional paragraphs.

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 WORKS CITED

Gravett, Christopher. "Castle." Eyewitness. New York City: DK

Publishing Inc, 2004. Print.

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Checklist

1 The outline
 The introduction states the main topic or idea of the outline, and the
conclusion summarizes it.

 Each sub-topic describes the main idea for a paragraph.

 Supporting information and details for a sub-topic are listed under the
sub-topic, with each piece of information listed separately.

 When supporting information is listed under a sub-topic, there are at

least two pieces of information listed. If there is only one piece of
information to support a sub-topic, the information is included in the
sub-topic.

2 The paper
 The paper follows the organization of the outline.

 Each paragraph in the paper matches a sub-topic in the outline, and

presents the information and details listed under the sub-topic.

 Each paragraph includes a topic sentence that summarizes the main

idea of the paragraph.

 Every sentence begins with a capital letter.

 Every sentence ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation

mark.

 All words are spelled correctly.

 There are no missing words.

3 Works cited
 Every source has a specific reference in the paper. Include only the
sources that are mentioned in the paper.

 Each entry follows the correct format for the type of reference.

 Entries are listed in alphabetical order, according to the author’s last

name.

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 Tips for Writing Your Report

1 Create a schedule
 Identify the tasks you need to do.

 Arrange the tasks in the order you’ll need to do them.

 Estimate how long each task will take. Be sure to allow enough time
for editing and making changes.

 Identify the date the report is due, and then set a schedule showing
what work you’ll need to do each day in order to have your report
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4 Add interest
 Use graphs and charts to illustrate an idea.

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5 Make every word count

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 Avoid clichés.

 Use a thesaurus to replace overused words and find new ways to

express your ideas.