Reading Your Financial Statements: What Every Entrepreneur Must Know

As you consider which legal entity or entities--corporation, limited liability company, or limited
partnership--you want to use for your business structure, the decisions you make will depend heavily on
your current financial situation, both personal and professional. But do you know how to read a financial
statement on your own? Do you know how to read your own personal and business financial statements? 

Knowing how to do this is an essential skill not just for entrepreneurs but for everyone. However, for the
entrepreneur having this skill can mean the difference between having a thriving business that continues
to thrive and winding up in bankruptcy. The annals of the bankruptcy courts are strewn with cases of
entrepreneurs who entrusted their accounting to others and, not knowing how to read the financial
statements of their own businesses, were surprised when they found that the business was ultimately
unsustainable. The purpose of this article is to help prevent this from happening to you--and to arm you
with the skills you need to structure your business to your benefit from the outset. 

Your Two Major Financial Statements

There are two major financial statements that every entrepreneur should know how to read and (ideally)
prepare or have prepared in their financial software (we recommend QuickBooks): 

The Income Statement

The Income Statement (also known as the P&L or Profit and Loss Statement) offers a dynamic picture of
the ebb and flow of your finances. Briefly, income statement shows first: A. Your various sources of
income Then subtracts from that, B. Your expenses To give you the net result: Net Profit or Loss
Typically, it is the result shown on this statement that is the basis for your taxation by state and federal
authorities at the end of the year. The net income or loss (revenue outgo) is carried over onto your
second major financial statement: The Balance Sheet.

The Balance Sheet 

Offers you a snapshot of cumulative results of your financial activities. It is made up of two columns: On
the left side you have your Assets

On the right are listed your Liabilities and Owners/Shareholders Equity (or ownership in the business).
The two columns must be in balance, which is why this is called a Balance Sheet.

Assets=Liabilities + Equity

It's really quite logical how the Income Statement and Balance Sheet relate to one another.

If you have to use current or long-term assets to pay ongoing expenses during the current year, at the
end of the year, the amount of your assets will be reduced by the amount of net loss. On the right hand
side, your Equity has gone down too. If you borrowed, say $10,000 to pay current operating expenses, at
year end, your assets remain the same, but your liabilities have increased by $10,000, lowering your net
Equity or ownership in the company by that same $10,000. 
It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out that if you continue on this path, you will quickly be in a very
painful situation, because Liabilities carry their own cost. The cost of borrowing money is Interest, and if
you are fortunate enough to borrow at only 10% interest (on unsecured debt) today, a year from now, you
will have to pay $11,000 to pay off the original $10,000 debt. This reduces your equity still further--unless
you have used the borrowed funds to create more assets that increase in value at the same rate as the
interest on your debt or, better yet--at a higher rate.

More to the point for deciding which business entities to use is that you need to work out both your
personal financial statements and those of your business(es). If you find, for example, that that you have
significant salary or wage income in your personal financial statements that is causing you to pay out high
taxes (as reflected in your balance sheet), and you expect that your business will generate some
significant losses for the first several years, it would be advantageous to you to use a business entity that
is a flow-through entity. Losses incurred by your S-Corporation (or, if you prefer, your Limited Partnership
or your Limited Liability Company) will flow onto your personal balance sheet to offset the salary or wage
income and thus reduce your tax liability. 

Moreover, in general, if you want to draw up a roadmap to getting where you want to go, you need to
know your point of departure. Thus, preparing and understanding your personal and business financial
statements is an indispensable first step for your business planning.

A Crash Course On Understanding Financial Statements

Businesses operate to achieve various goals. To meet these goals a business must achieve two primary
objectives: To earn a satisfactory profit and to remain solvent (be able to pay its debts). If a business fails
to meet either of these primary objectives, it will not be able to survive in the long run.

Financial statements are accounting reports used to summarize and communicate financial information
about a business. Three major financial statements - the income statement, the statement of changes in
financial position, and the balance sheet - are used to report information about the business's primary
objectives. These financial statements are the end result of the accounting process. Each of them
summarizes certain information that has been identified, measured, recorded, and retained during the
accounting process.

Income Statement: An income statement is a financial statement summarizing the results of a business's
earnings activities for a specific period of time. It shows the revenues, expenses, and net income (or net
loss) of the business for this period. Revenues are the prices charged to the business's customers for
goods and services provided. Expenses are the costs of providing the goods or services. The net income
is the excess of revenues over expenses; a net loss arises when expenses are greater than revenues.

Statement of Changes in Financial Position: A statement of changes in financial position is a financial

statement summarizing the results of a business's financing and investing activities for a specific time
period. The results of the business's financing activities are shown in a "Sources" section of the
statement; this section includes sources from operations and other sources. 

Balance Sheet: A balance sheet summarizes a business's financial position on a given date. It is
alternatively called a statement of financial position. A balance sheet lists the business's assets, liabilities,
and owner's equity.

Assets: Assets are the economic resources of a business that are expected to provide future benefits to
the business. A business may own many assets, some of which are physical in nature, such as land,
buildings, supplies to be used in the business, and goods (inventory) that the business expects to sell to
its customers. Other assets do not possess physical characteristics, but are economic resources because
of the legal rights they convey to the business. These assets include amounts owed by customers to the
business (accounts receivable), the right to insurance protection (prepaid insurance), and investments
made in other businesses.

Liabilities: Liabilities are the economic obligations (debts) of a business. The external parties to whom the
economic obligations are owed are referred to as the creditors of the business. Usually, although not
exclusively, legal documents serve as evidence of liabilities. These documents establish a claim (equity)
by the creditors (the creditors' equity) against the assets of the business. Liabilities include such items as
amounts owed to suppliers (accounts payable), amounts owed to employees for wages (wages payable),
taxes payable, and mortgages owed on the business's property. A business 'may also borrow money from
a bank on a short or long-term basis by signing a legal document called a note, which specifies the terms
of the loan. Amounts of such loans would be listed as notes payable.

Owner's Equity: The owner's equity of a business is the owner's current investment in the assets of the
business. For a partnership, the owner's equity might be referred to as the partners' equity; for a
corporation, stockholders' equity. The owner's equity is affected by the capital invested in the business by
the owner, by the business's earnings from its operations, and by withdrawals of capital by the owner of
the business.

Beazer Homes Files Fiscal Year 2007 Financial Statements

ATLANTA -- Beazer Homes USA, Inc. (NYSE: BZH) (www.beazer.com) today filed its annual report on
Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2007, quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 2007 and amended quarterly reports on Forms 10-Q/A for the quarters ended December 31,
2006 and March 31, 2007. These reports reflect the completed restatement of certain prior periods'
financial statements resulting from the findings of the previously announced independent investigation by
the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

In conjunction with these filings, the Company today announced its financial results for the quarter and
year ended September 30, 2007. The Company currently expects to report financial results and file
quarterly reports on Forms 10-Q for the quarters ended December 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 on, or
prior to, May 15, 2008. At that time, the Company also expects to schedule a conference call to discuss
its financial results for the first half of fiscal 2008.

As previously announced, during the course of its independent investigation, the Audit Committee
determined that the Company's mortgage origination practices related to certain loans in prior periods
violated certain applicable federal and/or state origination requirements. The Audit Committee also
discovered accounting errors and/or irregularities that required restatement resulting primarily from (1)
inappropriate accumulation of reserves and/or accrued liabilities associated with land development and
house costs ("inventory reserves") and the subsequent improper release of such reserves and accrued
liabilities and (2) inaccurate revenue recognition with respect to certain model home sale lease-back
transactions. During the course of the investigation, a continuing interest in the potential appreciation of
model homes sold in these model home sale lease-back transactions was identified. Due to this
continuing interest, these transactions did not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting and, instead should
have been accounted for as financing transactions. The restatement of these transactions will relate
primarily to timing differences that have had and will have the effect of shifting revenue and income from
the date of the original transaction to the future period in which the 'leases' are terminated.

In conjunction with the restatement of the items above, corresponding capitalized interest, capitalized
indirect costs, and income tax adjustments were made to the consolidated financial statements as these
balances were impacted by the aforementioned adjustments. Other adjustments were made to the
consolidated financial statements and condensed consolidated financial statements relating to corrections
of errors, some previously identified but historically not considered to be material to require correction and
some discovered as part of the restatement process. Further detail on these other adjustments is
available in the reports filed today.

As a result of these errors and irregularities, the fiscal 2007 Form 10-K includes restated consolidated
financial statements for fiscal 2005 and 2006 and restated Selected Financial Data for fiscal years 2003
and 2004. In addition, the cumulative effect of errors and irregularities attributed to periods prior to
October 1, 2002 has been reflected in Selected Financial Data as an increase to retained earnings at
September 30, 2002 of $24.8 million for fiscal years 1998-2002.

The following table reconciles net income "as previously reported" to net income "as restated" for fiscal
years 2003 - 2006 (in thousands):

[TABLE OMITTED]

Taking into account the entire restatement period through fiscal year 2006, the cumulative effect of the
matters arising from the restatement is a $27.6 million increase in retained earnings, shown below (in
thousands):

[TABLE OMITTED]

The fiscal 2007 quarterly reports include restated condensed consolidated financial statements for the
comparative periods of fiscal 2007 and 2006. Fiscal 2007 is not included in the table above because the
Company has not previously filed audited financial statements for fiscal 2007 and therefore fiscal 2007 is
not included as an annual restatement period. The restatement process did, however, lead to the
restatement of the financial results previously reported for the quarters ended December 31, 2006 and
March 31, 2007. These changes resulted in part from the inventory reserves, model home sale-leaseback
transactions and other adjustments discussed above. More significantly, however, there were increases in
pre-tax inventory impairment charges of $20.4 million and $25.4 million for the quarters ended December
31, 2006 and March 31, 2007, respectively. These increases to inventory impairment charges resulted
from both the impact on inventory balances as a result of the aforementioned inventory adjustments and
the correction of certain capitalized interest and indirect cost inputs into the cash flow models used to
assess and calculate inventory impairments. Total adjustments to net income for the first two quarters of
fiscal 2007 are shown below (in thousands):

Identification of Control Deficiencies and Remediation Steps

The Company's management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal
control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2007. Management concluded that, as of September
30, 2007, the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting because of the
identification of material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. Further details
including control deficiencies which constituted material weaknesses as of September 30, 2007, are
available in Item 9A. Controls and Procedures of the 2007 Form 10-K filed today.

The Company's management is committed to achieving and maintaining a strong control environment
and an overall tone within the organization that empowers all employees to act with the highest standards
of ethical conduct. In addition, management remains committed to the process of developing and
implementing improved corporate governance and compliance initiatives. Our current management team
has been actively working on remediation efforts to address the material weaknesses, as well as other
identified areas of risk. Key elements of the remediation efforts include, but are not limited to:

* Appointment of a Compliance Officer in November 2007 responsible for implementing and overseeing
the Company's enhanced Compliance Program.

* Revision, adoption, disclosure and distribution of an amended Code of Business Conduct and Ethics in
March 2008; launching of comprehensive training program in April 2008 that emphasizes adherence to
and the vital importance of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics in which all employees are required
to participate.

* Transfer of administration of Ethics Hotline from officers of the Company to an independent third party
company in March 2008.

* Withdrawal from the mortgage business in February 2008.

* Termination of the former Chief Accounting Officer and appropriate action, including termination of
employment, against other business unit employees who violated the Code of Business Conduct and
Ethics, the hiring of a new, experienced Chief Accounting Officer in February 2008, creation of Regional
CFO positions, and changes in role of business unit financial controllers.

* Reorganization of field operations to concentrate certain financial functions into Regional Accounting
Centers in order to allow a greater degree of control and consistency in financial reporting practices.

* Taking or planning to take in the near term the following actions by the new Chief Accounting Officer
and Regional CFOs: conducting reviews of accounting processes to incorporate technology
improvements; formalizing the process, analytics, and documentation around the monthly analysis of
actual results against budgets and forecasts; improving quality control reviews within the accounting
function; and formalizing and expanding the documentation of the Company's procedures for review and
oversight of financial reporting.

* Development and/or clarification of existing accounting policies related to estimates involving significant
management judgments, as well as other financial reporting areas.

* Allocation of additional resources within the Audit and Controls department to the review of financial
reporting policies, process, controls, and risks.

Ongoing External Investigations

As previously disclosed, the Company and its subsidiary, Beazer Mortgage Corporation are under
investigations by the United States Attorney's Office in the Western District of North Carolina, as well as
and other state and federal agencies, concerning the matters that have been the subject of the Audit
Committee's independent investigation. In addition, the Company received from the Securities and
Exchange Commission a formal order of private investigation to determine whether Beazer Homes and/or
other persons or entities involved with Beazer Homes have violated federal securities laws, including,
among others, the anti-fraud, books and records, internal accounting controls, periodic reporting and
certification provisions thereof. The Company is fully cooperating with these investigations which are
ongoing. The Company cannot predict or determine the timing or final outcome of the investigations or the
effect that any adverse findings in the investigations may have on it.

The Company intends to attempt to negotiate a settlement with prosecutors and regulatory authorities
with respect to the mortgage origination issues that would allow us to quantify our exposure associated
with reimbursement of losses and payment of regulatory and/or criminal fines, if they are imposed.
However, no settlement has been reached with any regulatory authority and the Company believes that
although it is probable that a liability exists related to this exposure, it is not reasonably estimable at this
time.
Fiscal Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2007 Financial Results

The Company today also announced its financial results for the quarter and year ended September 30,
2007. These results reflect the aforementioned restatement for applicable periods. Summary results of
the quarter and year, some of which had been previously disclosed on a preliminary basis, are as follows:

Quarter Ended September 30, 2007

* Reported net loss of $(155.2) million, or $(4.03) per share, including pre-tax charges related to inventory
impairments and abandonment of land option contracts of $212.0 million, goodwill impairments of $23.0
million, and impairments in joint ventures of $25.5 million. For the fourth quarter of the prior fiscal year,
net income totaled $83.7 million, or $1.99 per diluted share.

* Home closings: 3,949 homes, compared to 6,268 in the fourth quarter of the prior year.

* Total revenues: $1.10 billion, compared to $1.83 billion in the fourth quarter of the prior year.

* New orders: 982 homes, compared to 1,921 in the fourth quarter of the prior year.

* Net cash provided by operating activities: $387.3 million, compared to $237.7 million in the fourth
quarter of the prior year.

Year Ended September 30, 2007

* Reported net loss of $(411.1) million, or $(10.70) per share, including pre-tax charges related to
inventory impairments and abandonment of land option contracts of $611.9 million, goodwill impairments
of $52.8 million and impairments in joint ventures of $28.6 million. For the prior fiscal year, net income
totaled $368.8 million, or $8.44 per diluted share.

* Home closings: 12,020 homes, compared to 18,361 in the prior year.

* Total revenues: $3.49 billion, compared to $5.36 billion in the prior year.
* New orders: 9,903 homes, compared to 14,191 in the prior year.

* Net cash provided by operating activities: $509.4 million, compared to net cash used in operating
activities of $378.0 million in the prior year.

As of September 30, 2007

* Cash and cash equivalents: $459.5 million (including $5.2 million of restricted cash)

* Net debt to capitalization: 51.4%

* Backlog: 2,985 homes with a sales value of $838.8 million compared to 5,102 homes with a sales value
of $1.56 billion as of September 30, 2006.

Subsequent to September 30, 2007, the Company has repaid approximately $95 million in secured
notes, pledged $107.0 million to collateralize its outstanding letters of credit and paid a consent fee to
holders of its Senior Notes and Senior Convertible Notes and related expenses totaling $21.0 million. As
of February 2008, cash pledged to collateralize letters of credit was released and replaced with real
estate assets.

Beazer Homes USA, Inc., headquartered in Atlanta, is one of the country's ten largest single-family
homebuilders with operations in Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana,
Kentucky, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia. Beazer Homes is listed on the New York
Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "BZH."

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements represent our expectations or beliefs
concerning future events, and it is possible that the results described in this press release will not be
achieved. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many
of which are outside of our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results
discussed in the forward-looking statements, including, among other things, (i) the timing and final
outcome of the United States Attorney investigation, the Securities and Exchange Commission's ("SEC")
investigation and other state and federal agency investigations, the putative class action lawsuits, the
derivative claims, multi-party suits and similar proceedings as well as the results of any other litigation or
government proceedings; (ii) material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting; (iii)
additional asset impairment charges or writedowns; (iv) economic changes nationally or in local
markets, including changes in consumer confidence, volatility of mortgage interest rates and inflation;
(v) continued or increased downturn in the homebuilding industry; (vi) estimates related to homes to be
delivered in the future (backlog) are imprecise as they are subject to various cancellation risks which
cannot be fully controlled, (vii) continued or increased disruption in the availability of mortgage
financing; (viii) our cost of and ability to access capital and otherwise meet our ongoing liquidity needs
including the impact of any further downgrades of our credit ratings; (ix) potential inability to comply
with covenants in our debt agreements; (x) continued negative publicity; (xi) increased competition or
delays in reacting to changing consumer preference in home design; (xii) shortages of or increased
prices for labor, land or raw materials used in housing production; (xiii) factors affecting margins such as
decreased land values underlying land option agreements, increased land development costs on
projects under development or delays or difficulties in implementing initiatives to reduce production
and overhead cost structure; (xiv) the performance of our joint ventures and our joint venture partners;
(xv) the impact of construction defect and home warranty claims and the cost and availability of
insurance, including the availability of insurance for the presence of moisture intrusion; (xvi) a material
failure on the part of our subsidiary Trinity Homes LLC to satisfy the conditions of the class action
settlement agreement, including assessment and remediation with respect to moisture intrusion related
issues; (xvii) delays in land development or home construction resulting from adverse weather
conditions; (xviii) potential delays or increased costs in obtaining necessary permits as a result of
changes to, or complying with, laws, regulations, or governmental policies and possible penalties for
failure to comply with such laws, regulations and governmental policies; (xix) effects of changes in
accounting policies, standards, guidelines or principles; or (xx) terrorist acts, acts of war and other
factors over which the Company has little or no control.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and, except
as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking
statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. New factors emerge
from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such factors.

Dupont analysis financial statement

DuPont analysis (also identified as the DuPont identity, DuPont formula , DuPont Model or the DuPont
method) was discovered by the DuPont Company ca. 1920. Analysts of corporate finance use the
formula for return on equity (ROE) but adapts it to research other aspects of the business.
Return on Equity is calculated as Net income divided by Total Equity. The result of this calculation does
not change if we multiply it by the quotient of assets divided by assets (which is 1). Having done this we
can rewrite the ROE formula as (Net income/ Assets) * (Assets/Total Equity). Net income divided by
Assets however is a formula for calculating the return on assets and Assets divided by Total Equity is
recognized as the Equity Mulitplyer.

Continuing to rewrite our ROE formula [remember it was eventually (Net income/ Assets) *
(Assets/Total Equity)] we multiply it by Sales/Sales and rearrange everything as follows: Return on Equity
is: (Net Income / Sales) * (Sales/Assets) * (Assets/Total Equity). (Net Income / Sales) is the Profit Margin,
(Sales / Assets) is total asset turnover and (Assets / Total Equity) is the Equity multiplier.

All these mathematical shenanigans show us that return on equity is influenced by three things:

1. The profit margin, which is a way of measuring operating efficiency

2. Total asset turnover which measures how efficiently we make use of our assets

3. The equity multiplyer which often tells us how leveraged the firm is.

Interpreting ROE values may be tricky. Take for example GM which improved ROE from 12. 1 percent in
1989 to 44.1 percent in a four year period. Its profit margin however had declined from 3. 4 to 1. 8
percent, hence

the improvement in ROE was not caused by an increased operating efficiency.

How then was it possible for GM’s ROE to increase sharply?

The answer is that accounting treatment of pension liabilities in 1992 basically erased GM’s book equity.
The moment the book equity was decimated, ROE improved dramatically.

A simple calculation of return on equity may be easy, but it does not supply you with the whole picture.
If a company’s ROE is lower than its competitors, DuPont analysis will allow you to show where the
corporation is falling behind. It can also shed light on how a company is lifting its ROE. DuPont analysis
helps significantly broaden understanding of ROE but the most important aspect is to examine carefully
and calculate modestly.