MGMP/ ENGLISH/ XII

USING CAUSATIVE VERBS: MAKE, HAVE, GET

Make, have, and get can be used to express the idea that "X" causes "Y" to do
something. When they are used as 'causative verbs', their meanings are similar but
not identical. (See the diagram below.)

CAUSATIVE

X" causes "Y" to("

)do something

Make Have Get

X" forces "Y" to do(" X" requests "Y" to(" X" persuades "Y"("
)something )do something )to do something

I had my sister water

I made my sister I got my sister to
. the flowers
.water the flowers .water the flowers

NOTE:
The past participle is used after have and get to give passive meaning.
For example:
I had the flowers watered (by someone).
I got the flowers watered (by someone).
See the following diagram:

Causative

Passive Meaning
Active Meaning

Mr. Gino made/ had the mechanic

.repair his car

Mr . Gino got the mechanic to

repair his car Mr. Gino had/ got his car repaired
)(by the mechanic

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.

Examples: a. Mrs. Mulyani got the man …….to paint………..her house. (paint)
b. Mrs. Mulyani had her house …… painted…………….... (paint)

1. I spilled some chili sauce on my t- shirt. Now I need to get my t- shirt …

……………………(clean)
2. Dian Sastro had a professional photographer ………….. pictures of
everyone who participated in her wedding. (take)
3. Mr. Felix made his son……………….the windows before he could go
outside to play. (wash)
4. The teacher had the pupils ………………..a 300- word composition.
(write)
5. I got Fitri ………………..me some money so I could buy a new novel last
night. (lend)
6. When Marshanda went shopping, she found a jacket that she really liked.
After she had the sleeves …………….., it fit her perfectly. (shorten)
7. On the way to Malang, we stopped at the service station to have the tank
……… (fill)
8. My friend got me …………………… a letter for him. (translate)
9. The sad expression on her face made me ……………….sorry for her. (feel)
10. I didn't know how to get to Barbara's house, so I had her ……………… a map
for me. (draw)

Exercise 2: Error Analysis: Find and correct the errors in the following.

Example: I had my brother to carry my bag.

Correction : I had my brother carry my bag

1.Peeling onions always make me to cry.

2.His father had Arman painted the fence, but he got his brother do it.
3.The man had the swimmingpool build.
4.Devina was lying under a tree listening to the bird sing, and had her
novel to take.
5.Her manager made her to redo her report because he wasn't satisfied
with it.
6.Fadli had a bad headache yesterday, so he got his twin brother, Fadlan,
go to class for him. The teacher didn't know the difference.
7.Monica is sitting in the dentist room to have her tooth pick.
8.Callysta explains the mathematics problems clearly, so it makes her
friends understood the subject.
9.The teacher had the students to open their books to page 99.
10.I was so tired, so I got my room clean.
 RELATIONSHIP WORDS:
CAUSE AND EFFECT, OPPOSITION, CONDITION

CAUSE AND
EFFECT

Conjunction
Adverb clause Transition
Preposition
words

Because
Since Therefore So because of
As Consequently for Due to
so

Study the following examples:

1. She needs some money because she wants to buy a new hand phone.
2. Because his father was sick, he didn't attend the meeting this morning.
3. Since I was a child, I have learned mathematics.
4. As I was walking home, it began to rain.
5. Rudy didn't study, so he got bad score on many subjects.
6. Abimanyu didn't prepare well. He, therefore, failed the test.
7. Farah didn't do her homework. Consequently, she was not permitted to join
the class.
8. The child hid behind his mother's skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.
9. Because of the bad weather, we didn't go swimming.
10. Due to the good weather, we go cycling.
 OPPOSITION

Transition

Adverb clause
Conjunction Preposition
words

Even though
Although
Nevertheless
Though
Nonetheless
Whereas )But (......anyway Despite
However
while )Yet (..........still In spite of
On the other hand

:Study the following examples

1. Even though the weather was cold, I went swimming.

2. Although it was cold, I went swimming.
3. Though it was cold, I went swimming.
4. Suharto is rich,
whereas Jack is poor.
5. Whereas
Suharto is rich, Jack is poor.
6. Habibi is clever,
while Tompel is stupid.

7.It was cold. Nevertheless, we went swimming.

8. It was cold. Nonetheless, we went swimming.
9. It was cold. However, we still went swimming.
10. Maria is diligent. Mario, on the other hand, is lazy.

11.It was cold, but I went swimming anyway.

12. It was cold, yet I still went swimming.

13. Despite the cold

weather, I went swimming.
14. In spite of the
cold weather, I went swimming.
 CONDITION

Conjunction
Adverb clause
Preposition
words Transition
)Or (else

Unless In case of (that)

Otherwise
Only if In the event of
Even if )(that
Whether or not

:Study the following examples

1. I'll go shopping unless it rains. (unless = if ….not)

2. The picnic will be cancelled only if it rains.
3. Only if it rains will the picnic be cancelled. (see the main clause is
inverted)

4. You'd better hurry. Otherwise, you'll be late.

5. Raka always eats breakfast. Otherwise, he gets hungry during class.

6. You'd better hurry, or (else) you'll be late.

7. Raka always eats breakfast, or (else) he gets hungry during class.

8. I'll be in my uncle's house in case you (should) need to reach me.

9. In the event that you should need to reach me, I'll be at my uncle's house.

Exercise 1: Using two ideas of to study and to pass or fail the exam, complete
the following. Punctuate correctly. Add capital letters as necessary.

1. I failed the exam because

…………………………………………………….
2. Although I studied
……………………………………………………………
 3. I did not study therefore
……………………………………………………..
4. I studied nevertheless
…………………………………………………………
5. Since I did not study
………………………………………………………….
6. Unless I study for the test
……………………………………………………..
7. I must study otherwise
……………………………………………………..
8. I did not study consequently
…………………………………………………
9. Only if I study
…………………………………………………………………
10.I studied hard yet
……………………………………………………………..

Exercise 2: Using the ideas of to be hungry (or not to be hungry) and to eat
breakfast (or not to eat breakfast), complete the following.
Punctuate and capitalize correctly.

1. Because I was not hungry this morning …………………………………………

2. Because I ate breakfast this morning ……………………………………….now.
3. I ate breakfast this morning nonetheless ………………………………………..
4. I never eat breakfast unless ……………………………………………………...
5. I was not hungry however ……………………………………………………….
6. I was not hungry this morning but ……………………………………………...
7. I was not hungry so …………………………………………………………….
8. I always eat breakfast whether or not ……………………………………………
9. I eat breakfast only if …………………………………………………………….
10. I was hungry this morning nevertheless ………………………………….

(for further study, see Betty S. Azar 'Understanding and Using English
Grammar')