UN IT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND LEGISLATION PART-A SHORT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS Q1. What are the stages of environmental audit? Answer The different stages of environmental audit are, (9) Pre-audit Activities The pre-auait activities incorporates all the activities involved prior to the on-site audit of the proposed project (b) On-site Activities The on-site activities include verification of records and relevant documents related 10 the proposed project, conducting confidential interviews with the members employed with the project, inspection ofthe proposed project site, review of the safety measures umplemented and conducting a closing meeting. (©) Past-audit Activities ‘The post-audit activities related to a proposed project involves the trarslation of the collected data into meaningful information to facilitate the decision making process. nr G2. What is moant by baseline data acquisition? Answer : (Model Paper Gig) | Mode! Papert. aN) A baseline data acquisition refers to the collection of information and data before a project begins. It és actually the description of the proposed project. It should include the project purpose, technical aspects such as engineering and design with Proper visuals such as maps, figures, tables and graphs to communicate the technical information. The project description should be cleat, understandable, concise and with relevance for decision-making The baseline data is used to provide a comparison for assessing program impact. This is important to enable the palicy makers, government officials, development managers, civil society and beneficiaries te monitor and track changes. Abaseline data is important, firstly, 1 set future targets of the project and secondly, to estimate the changes during the progress of project. When proper baseline data is not collected, it indicates the following, (0) Insufficient project planning and oversight Budget constraints Time constraints (iv) Lack of political will (9) __Disinterest by the management and decision-makers. 3. What are the main types of environmental audit? Answer: Model Papert. ati) The enviroamental audit is of two main types, 1. Objective-based Type of Environmental Auditing The objective-based type of environmental auditing is further classified énto, (Liabilities aude (H) Management audit (iti) Activities audit SPECTRUM Al Mosel Papert aria) /-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS SIA GROUP 2242 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT [JNTU-HYDERABAD] 2 Glient-driven Type of Environmental Avditing ‘The chent-driven type of environmental auditing is further clasiied into the following types: (@) Regulatory external audit (Gi) Independent external audit (Git) toternal environmental autit (vi)_Thied party adits 24. Enumerate the different types of liabilities audit, management audit and activites audit. Answer : Model Papers ath) “The different types of liabilities audit ar, Compliance audit 4 Operational isk audit 4 Acquistion audivtransactional audit 4 Meath and safety audit ‘The different types of management audit are, Corporate audit Systems audit Policy audit Issues audit ‘The different types of activities audit are, Site adit Waste audit Product audit 4 _Cross-boundary audit QS. What is audit data? Answer: Modal Papert Qtin) ‘Audit data, related to the environment, és a collection ofall kinds of information related to a construction project, and includes the following (0) Field assessment of the proposed developmental project (ji) nformation related tothe size layout, site history, Hueprint, organizational structure, et (ii) Remedial measurescorretve actions taken for environmental managemer. (9) ventory forthe ofic seppies, computer-related supplies, reffeshment supplies, te. (0) Record ofthe energy use forthe site (1) Source of water supply tothe project site, (vi) Water treatment systems undertaken (vit Sources of wastewater, type of discharge, volume of discharge (x) Souree of indoor air polaris. (x) Prevention measures from environmental emergencies and preparedness Look for the SUA GROUP LOGO {J} on the TITLE COVER before you buyLUNIT-4 : Environmental Audit and Legislation 43 PART-B ESSAY QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION Q6, What is environmental audit? Answer: Model Papers, 8a) ‘The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has defined environmental audit as, “Amanagement tool comprising a systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation of how well the environmental ‘organization, management and equipment are performing with an aim of belping to safeguard the environment by, (0) Facilitating management and control of environmental practices (i) Assessing compliance with company policies, which include meeting regulatory requirements” ‘The United States Environmental Protection Agency has defined environmental audit as a systematic. documented periodic and objective review by regulated entities of facility operations and practices related to meeting environmental requcements ‘Thus, the environmental audit can be defined as an assessment tool to manage the activites of an organization to evaluate its environmental performance. The environmental audit in India began as early as in the 1970s. The procedure for environmental audit was introduced under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 by the Ministry of Environmeat and Forests, Any organization needing the consent under section 25 of the water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 or undet section 21 of the Ai (Prevention and Control of Pollation} Act, 1981 or under the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling} Rule of 1989 issued under the Hazardous (Protection) Act, 1986, needs o submit an environment audit report every year by the 30* September, The Environment Audit Report has been given a new name as Envitonment Statement in 1993, It is mandatory that every industrial ‘organization should prepare an annual report on envitonmental matters and submit the same o the Pollution Control Board, though its practiced by only a ery limited number of compaties, G7. Write short note on environmental legislation. ‘Model Papers 310) oR What is meant by environmental legislation? Answer: Enviro tal Legislation The term environmental legislation refers to the management of the environment under strong legal framework to help 6r protect the environment. ‘An international conference on human environment was organized in Stockholm from $# June to 1¢* June, 1972 as U.N. Conference on Human Environment to bring awareness to people to exert efforts for reservation of the environment for the well- being and prosperity ofall. Since then, $* June is celebrated every year as World Environment Day across the world. In India, the Department of Environment was setup in 1980, which later became the Ministry of ind Forests in 1985, The MolEF, served as the nodal agency at the entre for planning, encouraging and organizing the environmental programmes, Along \ith the MoE, the Central Pollution Control Board and the State Pollution Control Board form the regulatery and administrative Constitutional Provisions for Environmental Protection In the Constitstion of India, Article 48-A states, “The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife of the country”, Protection of environmeat has been made a fundamental duty of every citizen ‘of India under Article 1 A (g). According to it, “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural ‘environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures”, “The Government of tndia has formulated about 30 Acts and rues related tothe environment. The envtonmental legislations passed by the Government of India are enlisted below, (i) The River Boards Act, 1956, (i) ‘The Merchant Shipping Act, 1970 [SPECTRUM ALLINONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS SA GROUP >44 (ii) “The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, Rules 1973 and Amendment 1891 ‘The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, (9) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977, ‘The Water (Prevertionand Controlof Polltion) Rude, 1878, ‘The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 and Rules 1981 (ii) The Air (Prevention and Controlof Pollution) Act, 1981 (ix) The Air(Prevertion and Control of Pollution) Rides, 1982. (x) The Atomic Energy Act, 1982. (x) (xii) ww), w wit) ‘The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986. ‘The Environmental (Protection) Rules, 1986, ‘The Air (Pollution and Control of Pollution) Amendment ‘Act, 1987, ‘The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 ‘The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, ‘The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Roles, 1988. (si) The Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered ‘Organisms or Cells Rules, 1985. (xvii) The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 (xix) The Public Liability Insurance Act and Rules and ‘Amendinent, 1991 (8) The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995, (occ) The National Environment Appellate Authority Ac, 1997. (xxi) The Biomedical Waste Management and Handling Rules, 1998 (oxi) The Environment (Siting for Industral Projects) Rules, 1998, (bsxiv) The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. (xv) The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2006. (cexvi) The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 ‘The Ministries and departments that deal with environmental issues are Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources, Ministry of Power, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministy of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation, Ministry of Petroleum et Enforcement of Environmental Legislation Effective implementation of environmental legtation ‘needs the involvement of an agency tht collects relevant data, races it and pass it onto the law enforcement agency. iy (xiv) ox) (xvi) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (JNTU-HYDERABAD) Tnoorder to protect and conserve the pristine environment, a number of laws have been enacted by the Indian Government \whichinclude laws to curb all sorts of pollution = environment, Water, noise and ait, forest conservation, coastal regulation, biological diversity, wildlife protection and many more. 11 has been observed that inspite of the existence of ‘egal framework for protection of environment, environmental degradation still continues, perhaps du to lapses in enforcement of environmental legislation. 4.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL aupiT Discuss the objectives of environmental audit in an industry. Model Papert 8a} oR ‘What are the objectives of environmental audit? oR ‘Write short note on objectives of environmental audit. Answer: Some of the objectives of the environmental audit are as meationed below, (@) To minimize the resource consumption in order 10 ‘conserve the resources as these are the valuable assets ‘of any nation, (b} To minimize waste generation by abatement and reduction in waste (©) Topromote the we of green technologies to reduce the ‘damaging impacts on the environment in an efficient ‘and costeffective manner. (4) To promote good pollution control practices to help in pollution contd (©) Toachieve sustainable development for protection and ‘reservation ofthe environment, (0 Toimprove thehealth and safety of individuals during the production process in industal unas, (a) Tocvalunte ifthe organization abides by the regulatory requirements. (bh) To ensure that che natural resources are used for the nation’s progress. (8) To identify the deficiencies and problems with the ‘operations and processes to lessen the risk of fiture problem, @)Toimprove the image of the organization by puting up. the environmental information ofthe organization inthe public domain. ~~ SPE See Look for the SIA GROUP Loco on the TITLE COVER before you buyLUNIT-4 : Environmental Audit and Legislation as. Answer: (a) o) ) @ ) cu ro) thy i) ‘What are the advantages of conducting an environmental audit? Model Paper Gta Effective environmental audit programmes have the following advantages, “The amount of waste production considerably reduced Enviconmental audit helps to conserve resources and ‘thus the input costs are significantly reduced leading to financial benefits. It helps to prevent and control pollution of the environment. Ithelps the project proponents totake corrective actions ‘wherever necessary: | helps to improve the image of the organization in public view, which in tum, can cause a hike inthe share prices. | helps to provide warning about the possible future ‘problem thatthe projects may face. Risks fiom environmental hazards is reduced. Environmental audit facilitates the recycling and reuse of resources, thus leading to cutting down of expenditure Increase in environmental awareness among customers, ‘workers, staff and consumers. Improvement in the quality of life of people 4.3 TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT ato. Answer: types, 0 ‘SPECTRUM ALLIN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS. What are the different types of environmental audit? Discuss. Mode Papert, amt) ‘The environmental audit is broadly categorized into two 1. Objective-tased Type of Environmental Auditing Client driven Type of Environmental Auditing Objective-based Type of Environmental Auditing Environmental audit involves the assessment of any [proposed activity that can have an impact on the ‘covionment The obyectve-hasal type of eminent auditing can be further clasiied as under, Liabilities Audit ‘The different types of audits included under the liabilities audit are, (a) Compliance Audit ‘Compliance aut is used as a too! to evaluate the ‘compliance status ofthe proposed activity as per the norms/regulations ofthe state, central and local ‘environmental laws Operational Risk Audit ‘is used to evaluate the potential frequency and ‘consequence of damaging events, ) ww (0) Acquisition Nedi Transactional Await This type ofaudt also knowns propery transfer site assessment or propery transfer evaluation, or ‘due diligence audits, “The activities include, © Surveying ofthe project stead its adjacent properties © Review of the aerial photograph of the site © Proof of ownership ofthe real property © Land registrations as per municipal records. Health and Safety Awdit This type of audit és meant to evaluate the ‘continuous development and implementation of a safety and health management by the health and safety department of an organization. The bealth and safety department & responsible for care of the employees. © By giving advice on prevention from injury and accident % The psychological needs ofthe employees, time management % Advise on health education Management Audit Management audi is used to evaluate the functioning ‘and managemert ofthe orgaruzation The management audit com prises of corporate audit, system audit, policy adit and issues audit, (2) Corporate Audit Corporate audit ts carried out by the board ‘members ofthe company to examine the financial and operational procedures, implementation of ‘current or incoming regulations policies, crease sm erwwronmental ewareness among the employees. ‘Systems Audit ‘The systems audit helps to asses the conformance ‘ofa project for managing environmental impacts as per the requirements of ISO 14001, (6) Policy Audit Policy audit examines the legal, technical and financial aspects of the project. Issues Audit Issues audit examines the specific issues that ‘matter to the proposed project. It also involves goal seg with regard to the project. Activities Audit ‘The activities audit involves assessinent of professional and management sues related to the proposed project. ‘The activties audit comprises of site audi, waste audit product auait and cross-boundary audit ‘SIA GROUP > @ oy @ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT [JNTU-HYDERABAD] n 0 i, i, i) @) Site Await “The site aut reposts the environmental costamination liabilities to enforce environmental protection and pollution control measures (b) Waste Audit “The wast audit provides ad analysis ofthe amount and composition of waste generated during the construction and ‘operation phases ofthe project. This type of audit is also meant to assess the eflectiveness ofthe waste management system, and waste miumuration strategies (©) Product Audit Product audit ivelves, © Theassessment ofthe product for which itis intended & Tocnsurethe quality requirements © To implement measures impact product's environmental impact © Apply eco-design strategies (8) Cross: boundary Audit tinvolvesthe assessment of activities between departments or business units, for example, transportation and supply of matenals ete Clieat-driven Type of Environmental Auditing “The clientriven type of environmental auditing can be further classified into the following types Regulatory Esternal Audit ‘The regulatory agencies deal with environmental concerns, inerpet and implement environmental laws, set up standards and gusdclines forthe enforcement of environmental laws, i order 10 met the requrements of ajproved environmental ‘management systems Independent External Audit Itanvolves the tse of an external organization to check thatthe environmental maragement systems i a per the standard pected requiements Internal Environmental Audit ‘The intemal exvironmental aut examines the procedures and areas of operation to assess the compliance with agreed polices, objectives and targets of environmental management system. ‘Third Party Audits ‘The thid purty certifers of veriers are the regulators or qualified auditors to get credible report f the enwionmental ‘management stem vinemena Audit Objecive-based Clent-driven ‘ensrommealaat -eevonmenta aad Regulmeey exter aude aati Management Activites aut ait ‘au Indesendent xtra aad Compliance Compoate sie cra! cov sonmertal ase aust at aude operanonst Systems vaste i ea aad aust audit Acgunios Poly Produet ade aust anit Heath and Assses Cross safer at se ‘whey ae Figure: Flowchart representation of Types of Environmental Audit Look for the SIA GROUP Loco a on the TITLE COVER before you buyUNIT-4 : Environmental Audit and Legisiation 4. 4.4 AUDIT PROTOCOL: STAGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT, ONSITE ACTIVITIES, EVALUATION OF AUDIT DATA AND PREPARATION OF AUDIT REPORT Discuss the stages of environmental audit. Modot Papers, a8) oR Explain the various stages of environmental audit. oR Write short notes on stages of environmental audit. oR Discuss the protocol for conducting What are the different 8 environmental audit? Explain, Answer : jes of the ‘An environmental audit can be structured in three activity steps. They are discussed as under, 1. Pre-audit Activities Pre-audit activities incorporates all the activities {volved prio to the on-site audit of the proposed project. The following requirements must be fulilled before taking up an cemaronmental audit, (2) Preparation for organizing and scheduling the audit procedure (b)—Organizefappoint an audit team or an Audit Management ‘Committee (AMC) to conduct field assessment, collect ‘and analyze the information, make judgement about the proposed projects and its environmental compliance Status. The audit team generally comprises of about ‘eight people who are subject specialists with technical ‘expertise, qualified external consultants of full time auudors, oF representatives of business unitscompany, ‘The members appointed in the audit team should be famihar with the principles of environmental auditing Process. The AMC appoints an Audit Team Leader for the auditing process. The audit tam needs to be erven travel and lodging arrangement, once they confirm their availabilty (6) Analysis of the projet. (4) Preparation for the site visit to collect background {information such as site layout, site history, blueprints, ‘organizational structure et. (@) Preparation of questionnaite to collect necessary {information of the audit site before commencing on ‘onsite audit activities, SPECTRUM ALLIN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINI “The questionnaire should cover all aspects of the ‘environment, which has tobe completed by the internal auditor. A sample of the questions that are generally included inthe pre-audit questionnaire are, (0) Bsthe site ownedleased? (i) What isthe date of purchase of the site? (iii) What isthe area of the site? (iv) Whatare the remedial measures/corrective actions taken for environmental management? (0) san imvertory maintained for the office saplis, compadereted applies, fteshment supa et (vi), Records of the energy use for the site, (vit) What are the sources of water supply to the project site? {vilt) Specify the water treatment systems (ex) Specify the sources of wastewater, type of discharge and volume of discharge on a daily basis. (sx) Specify the wastewater pretreatment prior to discharge, (x), What are the sources of indoor air pollutants?” ‘The several questions asked vary from topics like ‘waste management, air quality monstoring and control, ‘wastewater marngement, water supply management, ‘material management, energy management, hazardous ‘material management, notse monitoring and control, transportation and travel, emergency response procedures, staff awareness and training overall ‘environmental management and general departmestal Informanon ‘Obtain commitment from the head of the company/ ‘organization /project about the pre-audit activites and ‘communicate the same to all the employees in the foc ‘of an open mero during the internal management ‘meetings. The memo should specify the audit site, audit objectives and areas of audit, ‘The areas of audit includes the following, © Conformance to the regulations ® Pollution management, control and minimization ‘Treatment of pollutants at source and their discharge Resource management materials, energy, water ete Prevention measures from environmental ‘emergencies and preparedness. ‘SIA GROUP <>48 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT [JNTU-HYDERABAD) Onsite activins (On-site auditing includes the following activites. {@} Verification of records and relevant documents related to the proposed project It also includes management policies, records ofthe inventory, monitoring, calibration, transportation, previous audit reports, minutes of the meeting, record of the suggestions given etc (b) Confidential interviews with he membersemployed with the project from all levels ofthe organization Le., from the senior management tothe support personnel, These interviews must be conducted a the interviewee work station without interfering with the job performance ‘The interviewer should assure the interviewee of confidentiality and anonymity of information. (c) Inspection af the proposed project sit, the operation processes and equipments. In-depth feld survey for essential information to assess the pollution contr ‘measures undertaken, waste water sampling, ambient hotse and stack monitoring sampling and analysis of the sme, fr compliance wat lepslature and regulatory fequements, sueral polices, guidelines ete (4) Review of the safety measures to be implemented (©) Wenifcation of various aspects on how to improve the ‘envwonmental performance (f) Before the conclusion of the site audit, the audit evidence must be reviewed forte adequacy of collected information, address the issues that need immediate attention, mak the ses th need follow-up, and iraly repae a report forthe closing meeting (g) Thedlosing meeting isthe conclusion ofthe onsite ait activities. The main purpose ofthe closing meeting i, (@ To discuss the findings and observations of the anudt withthe project personnel (i) Anatyze te issues thet need immediate atersion (ii) Mitigation measures/corrective actions recommended for environmental mprovement To agree on contention issues and reporting schedules (h) ‘The Sndings and observations during the audit process are documented inthe formal audit report, 3. Postandit Activities (Once the op.site activities ae competed the post-auit activites fallow, wherein, the collected data is translated into ‘meanungful information to enable better decisions. ‘The team leader of the audit team prepares a draft ‘port of the on-site observations within 2-weeks of the on-site activity. Ths step is followed by the review of the report by the «vironmental department, law department ete, A final report 's prepared by the same audit team, assisted by the respective specialists It contams be statement of facts and propersal on co) Trow to improve environmental performance, waproverens in educations or awaceness raising, ways to increase the ‘environmental responsibly, investments n new equipments and environmental protection technology. “The audit report is o be circulated to all the members ‘of the audit team including the audit management commitie, senior site auditors, site facilitators, audit personnel for ‘endorsement. The environmental aod report generally includes the following tems, ()Anexecutive summary (i) Introduction and background information 1 the audit (ili) Scope and objectives iv) Description and methodology of audit (0) Summary of observations, findings and recommendations (vi) Conclusion (vit) _ Annexes Q12, Explain in dotai! ihe step by step procedure for ‘conducting an EiA. Answer: Model Papers amb) ‘The complete EIA procedure can be divided into two comesponding functions, (2) Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) 1s the frst phase of the ELA process, caried out to review the potential impact (both postive and negative) onthe ‘enwvironment caused by the proposed development project. I ‘contains a brief information ofthe major environmental issues based on the readily available recorded information to be used inthe decision-making process of project plannang. The impacts ‘of the project activities need to be analyzed and wentfy those Which are worthy ofa detailed study. ‘The main objective of IEE is to enable the decision makers and project proponents compare alternative project Proposals (b) Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment 1 contains a detailed information of the proposed project which is reported formally 2s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIS), [ES ts known by several names, © Environmental impact assessment report Environmental impact statement Environmental statement Environmental assessment report Environmental effects statement. eo ee Look for the SUA GROUP Loco {J} on the TITLE COVER before you buyLUNIT-4 : Environmental Audit and Legislation “Aiypical EIS should provide be following information, 1. General Information about the Project ‘This section contains the title of the project, name and address of project proponents, location of the project and the contact person, Project Description {contains the planidesign ofthe project. 3. Description of Existing Conditions of the Site This section contains the description of physical, ‘nological and socioecapomic conditions ofthe proposed site. 4. Prediction of Measures ‘Wcontains the likeliiood of the xcurence of impact at ‘various stages ofthe project development. 5. Pletures ofthe Project Location ‘This section contains the photographs of the proposed ‘roject construction site 6, Environment Management Plan Environmental management refersto management of ll components of the hophysial environment, including the living (biotic) and the noo-iving (abiotic) factors. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) also called an ‘impact management plan, & a part of EIA reporting. It explains the several mitigation and montoring measures that needs specific action to be carried out by the pro- Poncnt during project construction and operation for a sustainable environment. 7. Eaviroamental Monitoring Plan jacts and Mitigation/ Abatement Environmental monitoring plan involves paying close attention to monitoring and supervision of local ‘conditions 10 assess the effectiveness of development interventions, The process involves discussions among ‘Project managers, government officials and researchers {for accurate prediction of impacts or changes in the ‘impact trends. It can even war the project proponents of unexpected adverse impacts and the effectiveness of ‘implemented mitigation measures, 5. Abandonment PlawResidual Impacts ‘This section gives an overview of any residual adverse ‘environmental effects following the implementation of mitigation measures 9%. Accountability statement of preparer and proponent, 10, __Attuachments/other supporting document, SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS 49 ‘Q13. Write short note on proparation of environmental report. Model Paper 28a) Explain about draft and final environmental impact statements. Answer: Environmental Impact Statement ‘The findings of the environmental assessment are reported as Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). It is 2 ‘comprehensive, clear and concise, non-technical summary of the description ofthe project, including location, design, scale, size, mitigation measures to minimize or avoid the potential adverse impacts ofa project and a more detailed section on the technical aspects of the assessment Environmental Impact Statement should contain specific information describing the effect onthe environment due tothe proposed development along with the impact on humans flora, fauna, soi, water, at, climate and cultural heritage ‘The EIS isprepared in two stages-draft and final. A Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) refers to the report on the environmental impact of proposed alternatives. Draft Environmental Impact Statement ‘The principle components of DEIS are, ‘Analysis of environmental issues related to a proposed ‘action and its akernatives. @ (b) Comparative account of all proposed alternatives and theit potential environmental impacts which includes esthetic, historic, cultural, economic, social, health and ecological impocts (such as impact oa the natural ‘esources, structure and functioning of the ecosystem). Purpose and need forthe proposed action. Contains inputs of public and agency (or their consultants) so thatthe decision maker takes the public's environmental concerns into consideration dusing the Secision-making process Explanation of the FIs framework and methodology. (8) Mdentitication andevaluation of significant envieonmental ‘impacts, as well as mitigation measures related 10 ‘proposed action. Identification of unavoidable adverse environmental ‘impacts and curmulative impacts. Final Environmental impact Statement FEIS contains information necessary, agency officials to make decisions based on the environmental consequences ‘of proposed actions, Final Environmental Impact Statement is 4 revised version of the Draft E1S as viewed by most peopl. ‘But, the contrary, a DEIS and FEIS may contain very different information unless and until the FEIS includes the DEIS, SIA GROUP 2b © cc) 7)4.10 ‘there are minor modifications ina Dra EIS, FEIS may consist of an errata sheet contaunung corrections and revisions 1 the Daf EIS, public comments on DEIS and the agency's ‘responses to public comments, Such a practice avoids wastage of resources = money, time, energy and paper. ‘There are other agencies who prefer to rewrite and ‘epublish the changes made n Draft EIS asa Final EIS in oder ‘make easy o refer to jst one document afte the completion ‘ofthe EIS process Q14. Expiain the necessity of environmental audit for coment industry Answer : Mote Pape cmt) ‘The manufacture of cement is an energy intensive process with serious impact on the landscape and ecology. The different types of emissions at various stages ofthe cement manufactur process are wdicated below, 1. Extraction of raw materials (lime stone, shale, cay, iron ore, sand) “The dust emissions and PM, are released i this stage 2 Clinker production ‘The air pollutants released during the clnker production include NO, SO,, particulates, dioxin, CO, ftom stockpiles, conveyors ad mitenal handling fines 3. Cement grinding and distribution In this stage the combustion of fossil and other fuels ‘lease greenhouse gases. ‘Therefore, the environmental audit for cement industry gives an overview of the improvements in energy efficiency, ‘eduction in emissions, reduction in noise pollution, reduction ‘n usage of non-renewable raw material, all of which help in improved environmental performance. Q15. Discuss the objectives of environmental ‘management. Answer: Moet Papers Ona) Envtonmental managemert tefrs to management of all components ofthe biophysical environment, including the living (biote) and the non-living (abiotic) factors. ‘The objectives of ern ronmental management unlike the following, |, Protection, conser aon and presen atin of em ironmet and ts resources. 2. Proper land and water management for a sustainable envionment J, Preserving the ecological heritage for our future ‘generations 4. Promoting eco-fiendly technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT [JNTU-HYDERABAD] ‘Involving men, women, children and NGOs in all ‘environmental related activities. 6. Strategic measures for afforestation of denuded ‘wastelands 7. Mandatory environmental education course in all educational nsteutions, 8% Help government at local, state and national level to frame laws for environmental conservation. Q16. Discuss the components of Environmental ‘Management Pian (EMP). Answer : Mosel Papers. ib) Environmental Management Plan (EMP), also called as an impact management plan, a part of EIA reporting. I expla the several mitigation and montoring measures that needs specific ation tobe carried out by the proponent during project construction and operation for sustainable environment Components of EMP ‘Some ofthe main components of EMP are (List of Eaviroumestal impacts ‘A summary of the predicted adverse environmental and social impacts of the propased project for which ‘mitigation is necessary should be specified (ii) Description of Mitigation Measures ‘Themityuon measures about the predhtederviormertal impacts of proposals and recommendations must be explained. should include the project design, operating procedures and the technical aspects of implementing the various measures. Description of Monitoring Program This program should explain the impacts, their measurement indicators, detection limits that will indicate the need totake corrective actions. Organized Arrangement ‘The mitigation and monitoring arrangements must be ‘well co-ordinated so that the various factors involved tm the project can at responsi (0) Implementation Schedules and Reporting Procedure ‘This component of EMP should include the information cn the progress and resus of mitigation and montoring measures «in, ww (v9) Cost Estimates and Source of Funds ‘The inital investment and recuring expenses during the design sage, peccortruction sage, constuction stage and operation stage ofthe project must be specified Look for the SUA GROUP LoGo {J} on the TITLE COVER before you buyLUNIT-4 : Environmental Audit and Legisiation 4.5 POST AUDIT ACTIVITIES G17. Write a brief note on the post-audit activities for EIA. Post-audit Activities ‘Once the on-site activities are completed, the post-audit activities follow, wherein, the collected data is translated into ‘meaningful information to enable better decisions. “The team leader of the audit team prepares a draft report of the oo-site observations within 2-weeks ofthe on-site activity “This step is followed by the review of the report by the environmental department. law department et. A final report is prepared by the same audit team, assisted by the respective specialists It contains the statement of facts and proposals on how to improve ‘environmental performance, improvements in education or awareness raising, ways to increase the environmental responsibilty, investments in new equipments and ermstonmental protection technology. “The audit reports tobe ctculated1o all the members ofthe audit eam sncuding the aude management commute, senso" sie auditors, ste facilitators, aud personnel fr endorsement. The environmental aut report generally includes the following items, (Anexecative summary (4) troduction and background information wo the audit (Gi) Scope and objectives (i) Description and methodology of audit (©) Summary of observatons, findings and recommendations (0) Conclusion (mf) Amexes G18. Write a brief note on the evaluation of EIA report Answer : ‘The EIA report is evaluated acconding tothe fllowing steps: 1. Compliance ofthe EIA report with the EIA study brief and the technical memorandum, ‘The information presented inthe EIA report is reviewed against the EIA study brief and the technical memorandum. 2. —‘Byaluation ofthe Quality of Report ‘The EIA Report shall be considered as satisfactory ifthere are no drawbacks that may affect the results and conclusions ‘of the assessment. 3. Assessment of the Residual Environmental Impacts “The assessment of the residual environmental umpacts should consider the following factors: (0) Impact of public health and other life forms. (Gi) The extent of the adverse environmental impacts. (Gi) The geographic exter of the negative eaviconmental impacts. (i=) Duration and flequency of the environmental impacts, (0) _Size of population affected by environmental impact. SPECTRUM ALLAN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS: ‘SIA GRouP 2p4.12 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT |JNTU-HYDERABAD} (0) The extent to which the negative enviroamental impacts are eversible of wreversile (vil) The extent to which the ecologically fragile areas are affected. (vii) The extent which the disturbance 1 caused to the sites with archaeological, historical and palaentological significance. (ix) The extent of unpredictability of adverse environmental impacts (x) The extent of compliance with the standards laid down by the principles and regulations {Q19. Discuss about the procedure for conducting environmental impact assessment report and write the ‘evaluation of EIA report. Answer: Mose! Paper, 3) Environmental Impact Statement For answer refer Unit LV, Q16, QU. “The evaluation of the ELA report is conducted by the reviewer, who gives a rating forthe report. The following components are included i the evaluation (2) Summary of the strengths and weaknesses ofthe report. i) Need for further modifications, if any (Gii)__Any terms and conditions, if applicable, once the proposed projects approved. (iv) Any Environmental Impact Management need to be undertaken by the project proponent Look for the SUA GROUP Logo {J on the TITLE COVER before you buy