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ABSTRACT
Extractive distillation with salt in solvent is a new process for producing
anhydrous ethanol by combining the principle of “salt effect” and some traditional
extractive distillation methods. Compared with the common extractive distillation the
performance of solvent is improved, the recycling amount of solvent is reduced to 1/4
—1/5, and the number of theoretical plates is reduced to 1/3. Energy consumption
and cost of equipment are also reduced and continuous production is realized. High
efficiency and low solvent wastage make this technique feasible.
Key words extractive distillation, salt, solvent, anhydrous ethanol
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Manuscript received: 1998-04-10
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agent is unbearable.
Another alternative method is extractive distillation with ethylene glycol as
solvent. It has features of high quality of products and suitability for large-scale
production, relatively less volatilization amount and lower consumption of solvent.
However, the solvent ratio (the ratio of solvent to feed) is too large, normally 5:1.
Because of the great amount of recycling solvent, the additional consumption of
energy is high. At the same time, the high liquid-phase load and low plate
Efficiency(20—40%) increase the number of plates and offset the effects of raising
relative volatility and reducing the number of plates by introducing solvent to a great
extent[1].
With salt dissolved in ethanol-water system, its relative volatility can be
improved[1]. Salt added extractive distillation just makes use of this property[2,3].
This application can lead to satisfactory effect of dehydration, smaller number of
theoretical plates and simplified process. In industrial operation, when a solid salt is
used in place of a liquid separating agent, it is normally fed to the column by filling
the dissoluble into the reflex stream immediately before the entry of the reflex at the
top of the column. Because the salt is nonvolatile, it will remain entirely within the
liquid phase and hence flow only downward. So it can elude the conventional
stripping section. Pure product is achieved from the column top. However,
dissolution, reuse and transport of salt is quite a problem. The concurrent tub-jam and
erosion limit the industrial value of this technique.
After comparing all kinds of techniques available at present, we put forward the
novel extractive distillation with salt in solvent.
This invention combines the principle of “salt effect” and the extractive
distillation and it is called as extractive distillation with dissolved salt.
The new technique avoids the defects of traditional processes, and is an ideal
process for anhydrous ethanol production. Some characteristics are listed as follows:
(1). Ameliorate the performance of solvent. Compared with common extractive
distillation, the recycling amount of solvent is reduced to 1/4—1/5, number of
theoretical plates is reduced to 1/3, energy consumption and equipment cost are also
reduced.
(2). Continuous production is realized. High efficiency and low solvent wastage
make this technique feasible.
(3). No pollution. Product shows extraordinary purity.
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Solvent
We have performed experimental research, so as to collect relevant data of salt-
added extractive distillation critical for industrial application.
Properties of salts and solvents involved are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Properties of salts and solvents
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0.2g(salt)/ml(solvent). After Shook well, the mixture was heated to boil. Twenty
minutes later, the desired phase equilibrium was achieved. Samples were taken and
analyzed. Then the relative volatility was calculated from:
y /x
α= 1 1
y2 / x2
where y1 , y 2 stand for the molecular fractions of ethanol and water in the gas phase
respectively; x1 , x 2 stand for those in the liquid phase.
For azeotropic ethanol-water system, the effects of solvent, salt and solvent-salt
on the relative volatility are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Effects of solvent, salt and solvent-salt on relative volatility
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2.4 Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Data
We measured the equilibrium data of the ethanol-water system which accorded
with the published data approximately. Then, we determined the data with solvent
ethylene glycol (solvent ratio is 1:1) and salt-dissolved separating agent(solvent ratio
was 1:1 and concentration of salt was 0.1 g/ml (solvent)) in the whole range of
concentrations. The experimental results are shown in Table 3 and Fig.1.
Table 3 Equilibrium data of ethanol-water system
with ethylene glycol x 0.08 0.152 0.559 0.7 0.81 0.9019 0.9082 0.9607
1:1 y 0.519 0.716 0.813 0.8725 0.9085 0.949 0.957 0.979
with ethylene x 0.08 0.152 0.559 0.7 0.81 0.9019 0.9082 0.9607
glycol-
CaCl2(10%) y 0.679 0.79 0.882 0.917 0.9449 0.9672 0.969 0.986
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We get the following result from those data: the effect of salt-dissolved solvent is
better than that of the solvent without salt.
4. Summary
A novel extractive distillation process with salt in solvent has been forwarded on
the basis of examining various kinds of methods.
1. This new technique has the advantages of both extractive distillation and
distillation with dissolved salt and overcomes their drawbacks. There has been no
report on this approach both at home and abroad.
2. It is more advanced than the widely used extractive distillation employing
ethylene glycol. The new technique improve efficiency, reduces solvent ratio and
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number of necessary plates, and saves operation cost and equipment investment.
3. The new technique has replaced out-dated apparatus in many factories.
Technical maturity has enabled it to create great economic profit. By now, more than
thirty factories have utilized this method.
4. Necessary basic research and engineering scale-up exploration have been
undertaken based on the industrial experience and technical data, and design
calculating method is forwarded.
5. This approach can be transplanted to other chemical systems, so it has broad
industrial prospect.
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