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 Contents
1
Section 1. Safety and General Information ............................................................................

2
Section 2. Tools & Aids ..........................................................................................................

3
Section 3. Troubleshooting .....................................................................................................

4
Section 4. Air Cleaner and Air Intake System ........................................................................

5
Section 5. Fuel System and Governor ....................................................................................

5A
Section 5A. LPG Fuel Systems ...............................................................................................

5B
Section 5B. Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) Fuel System ......................................................

Section 6. Lubrication System ................................................................................................

6

Section 7. Retractable Starter .................................................................................................

7

Section 8. Electrical System and Components .....................................................................

8

Section 9. Disassembly ...........................................................................................................

9

Section 10. Inspection and Reconditioning ...........................................................................

10

Section 11. Reassembly ...........................................................................................................

11

Section 12. Clutch ....................................................................................................................

12
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ȱ Ŝȱ––ȱœ›Š’‘ȱœ‘Š—”ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŗŗǯřȱȉ–ȱǻŗŖŖȱ’—ǯȱ•‹ǯǼ

˜——ŽŒ’—ȱ˜Ȭ˜Ȭ›Š—”™’—ȱž——’—ȱ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽ
ȱ ȱ Ž ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖřŖȦŖǯŖśśȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŗŘȦŖǯŖŖŘŘȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱŽŠ›ȱ’–’ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŝŖȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŘŞȱ’—ǯǼ

˜——ŽŒ’—ȱ˜Ȭ˜Ȭ›Š—”™’—ȱ’Žȱ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŘŜȦŖǯŜřȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŗŖŘȦŖǯŖŘŚŞȱ’—ǯǼ

˜——ŽŒ’—ȱ˜Ȭ˜Ȭ’œ˜—ȱ’—ȱž——’—ȱ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŗśȦŖǯŖŘŞȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŖŜȦŖǯŖŖŗŗȱ’—ǯǼ

’œ˜—ȱ’—ȱ—ȱǯǯ
ȱ ȱ Ž ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŗŝǯŖŗśȦŗŝǯŖŘřȱ––ȱǻŖǯŜŜşşȦŖǯŜŝŖŘȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱŽŠ›ȱ’–’ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŗŝǯŖřŜȱ––ȱǻŖǯŜŝŖŝȱ’—ǯǼ

ŵŠ•žŽœȱŠ›Žȱ’—ȱŽ›’Œȱž—’œǯȱŠ•žŽœȱ’—ȱ™Š›Ž—‘ŽœŽœȱŠ›Žȱ—•’œ‘ȱŽšž’ŸŠ•Ž—œǯȱž‹›’ŒŠŽȱ‘›ŽŠœȱ ’‘ȱŽ—’—Žȱ˜’•ȱȱ
ȱ ™›’˜›ȱ˜ȱŠœœŽ–‹•¢ǯ


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˜ŸŽ›—˜›ȱ›˜œœȱ‘ŠĞȱ˜›Žȱǯǯ
ȱ Ŝȱ––ȱ‘ŠĞ
ȱ ȱ Ž ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŜǯŖŘśȦŜǯŖśŖȱ––ȱǻŖǯŘřŝŘȦŖǯŘřŞŘȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱŽŠ›ȱ’–’ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŜǯŖŜřȱ––ȱǻŖǯŘřŞŝȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ Şȱ––ȱ‘ŠĞ
ȱ ȱ Ž ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŞǯŖŘśȦŞǯŖŝśȱ––ȱǻŖǯřŗśşȦŖǯřŗŝşȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱŽŠ›ȱ’–’ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŞǯŖŞŞȱ––ȱǻŖǯřŗŞŚȱ’—ǯǼ

›ŽŠ‘Ž›ȱ˜ŸŽ›ȱŠœŽ—Ž›ȱ˜›šžŽȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŝǯřȱȉ–ȱǻŜśȱ’—ǯȱ•‹ǯǼ

’•ȱ›Š’—ȱ•žȱ˜›šžŽȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŗřǯŜȱȉ–ȱǻŗŖȱĞǯȱ•‹ǯǼ

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—ȱ•Š¢ȱǻ›ŽŽǼȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŝŖȦŖǯśşŖȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŘŞȦŖǯŖŘřŖȱ’—ǯǼ

—ȱ•Š¢ȱǻ’‘ȱ‘›žœȱŽŠ›’—ȱ˜–™˜—Ž—œǼȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŝŖȦŖǯŘŝŖȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŘŞȦŖǯŖŗŖŖȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ¡ŒŽ™ȱ
Řśȱ—’—ŽœȱŽ•˜ ȱŽ›’Š•ȱ˜ǯȱŘŚŖřśŖŖŖŖŞȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖśŖȦŖǯŝśŖȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŘŖȦŖǯŖŘşśȱ’—ǯǼ

›Š—”œ‘ŠĞȱ˜›Žȱǻ—ȱ›Š—”ŒŠœŽǼ
ȱ ȱ Ž ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŚŖǯşŜśȦŚŗǯŖŖřȱ––ȱǻŗǯŜŗŘŞȦŗǯŜŗŚřȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱŽŠ›ȱ’–’ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŚŗǯŖŗŜȱ––ȱǻŗǯŜŗŚŞȱ’—ǯǼ

›Š—”œ‘ŠĞȱ˜ȱ•ŽŽŸŽȱŽŠ›’—ȱǻ›Š—”ŒŠœŽǼ
ȱ ȱ ž——’—ȱ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱȬȱŽ ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖřȦŖǯŖşȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŗŘȦŖǯŖŖřśȱ’—ǯǼ

›Š—”œ‘ŠĞȱ˜›Žȱǻ—ȱ•˜œž›Žȱ•ŠŽǼȱȬȱŽ ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŚŖǯşŞŝȦŚŖǯşŝŚȱ––ȱǻŗǯŜŗřŜȦŗǯŜŗřŗȱ’—ǯǼ

›Š—”œ‘ŠĞȱ˜›Žȱǻ—ȱ•˜œž›Žȱ•ŠŽǼȬ˜Ȭ›Š—”œ‘ŠĞ
ȱ ȱ ž——’—ȱ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱȬȱŽ ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖřşȦŖǯŖŝŚȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŗśȦŖǯŖŖŘşȱ’—ǯǼ

•¢ ‘ŽŽ•ȱ—ȱŠ’—ȱŽŠ›’—ȱ˜ž›—Š•
ȱ ȱ ǯǯȱȬȱŽ ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŚŖǯşŗřȦŚŖǯşřśȱ––ȱǻŗǯŜŗŖŝȦŗǯŜŗŗŜȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ ǯǯȱȬȱŠ¡ǯȱŽŠ›ȱ’–’ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŚŖǯŞŚȱ––ȱǻŗǯŜŖŞȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱŠ™Ž›ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŘŘȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŖşȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱžȬ˜Ȭ˜ž—ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŘśȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŗŖȱ’—ǯǼ

•˜œž›Žȱ•ŠŽȱ—ȱŠ’—ȱŽŠ›’—ȱ˜ž›—Š•
ȱ ȱ ǯǯȱȬȱŽ ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŚŖǯşŗřȦŚŖǯşřśȱ––ȱǻŗǯŜŗŖŝȦŗǯŜŗŗŜȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ ǯǯȱȬȱŠ¡ǯȱŽŠ›ȱ’–’ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŚŖǯŞŚȱ––ȱǻŗǯŜŖŞȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱŠ™Ž›ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŘŘȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŖşȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱžȬ˜Ȭ˜ž—ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŘśȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŗŖȱ’—ǯǼ

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ȱ ȱ ǯǯȱȬȱŽ ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯřśǯşśśȦřśǯşŝřȱ––ȱǻŗǯŚŗśŜȦŗǯŚŗŜřȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ ǯǯȱȬȱŠ¡ǯȱŽŠ›ȱ’–’ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯřśǯşŚȱ––ȱǻŗǯŚŗśȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱŠ™Ž›ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŗŞȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŖŝȱ’—ǯǼ
ȱ ȱ Š¡ǯȱžȬ˜Ȭ˜ž—ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖŘśȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŗŖȱ’—ǯǼ


 Section 1
Safety and General Information

Crankshaft cont.
Crankshaft T.I.R.
PTO End, Crank in Engine..............................................................................0.279 mm (0.0110 in.) 1
Entire Crank, in V-Blocks................................................................................0.10 mm (0.0039 in.)

Cylinder Bore
Cylinder Bore I.D.
New
CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................77.000/77.025 mm (3.0315/3.0325 in.)
CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)...............................................................80.000/80.025 mm (3.1496/3.1506 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750......................................82.988/83.013 mm (3.2672/3.2682 in.)
Max. Wear Limit-CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc).....................77.063 mm (3.0340 in.)
Max. Wear Limit-CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)................................80.065 mm (3.1522 in.)
Max. Wear Limit-CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750.......83.051 mm (3.2697 in.)
Max. Out-of-Round..........................................................................................0.12 mm (0.0047 in.)
Max. Taper.........................................................................................................0.05 mm (0.0020 in.)

Cylinder Head
Cylinder Head Fastener Torque
Hex Flange Nut - Torque in Two Stages........................................................first to 16.9 N·m (150 in. lb.)
finally to 33.9 N·m (300 in. lb.)

Head Bolt - Torque in Two Stages..................................................................first to 22.6 N·m (200 in. lb.)
finally to 41.8 N·m (370 in. lb.)

Max. Out-of-Flatness................................................................................................0.076 mm (0.003 in.)

Rocker Arm Screw Torque.......................................................................................11.3 N·m (100 in. lb.)

Fan/Flywheel
Fan Fastener Torque.................................................................................................9.9 N·m (88 in. lb.)

Flywheel Retaining Screw Torque..........................................................................66.4 N·m (49 ft. lb.)

Governor
Governor Cross Shaft-to-Crankcase Running Clearance
6 mm Shaft...............................................................................................................0.013/0.075 mm (0.0005/0.0030 in.)
8 mm Shaft...............................................................................................................0.025/0.126 mm (0.0009/0.0049 in.)

Governor Cross Shaft O.D.

6 mm Shaft
New.....................................................................................................................5.975/6.012 mm (0.2352/0.2367 in.)
Max. Wear Limit...............................................................................................5.962 mm (0.2347 in.)
8 mm Shaft
New.....................................................................................................................7.949/8.000 mm (0.3129/0.3149 in.)
Max. Wear Limit...............................................................................................7.936 mm (0.3124 in.)

Governor Gear Shaft-to-Governor Gear Running Clearance.............................0.015/0.140 mm (0.0006/0.0055 in.)

Governor Gear Shaft O.D.

New.....................................................................................................................5.990/6.000 mm (0.2358/0.2362 in.)
Max. Wear Limit...............................................................................................5.977 mm (0.2353 in.)

Governor Lever Nut Torque....................................................................................6.8 N·m (60 in. lb.)

1.11
Section 1
Safety and General Information

Ignition
Spark Plug Type (Champion® or Equivalent).......................................................RC12YC, XC12YC, or Platinum 3071

Spark Plug Gap

All except Natural Gas with CD Fixed Ignition...........................................0.76 mm (0.030 in.)
Natural Gas with CD Fixed Ignition..............................................................0.51 mm (0.020 in.)

Spark Plug Torque....................................................................................................24.4-29.8 N·m (18-22 ft. lb.)

Ignition Module Air Gap.........................................................................................0.28/0.33 mm (0.011/0.013 in.)

Ignition Module Fastener Torque...........................................................................4.0-6.2 N·m (35-55 in. lb.)

Speed Sensor Air Gap (EFI engines)......................................................................1.50 ± 0.25 mm (0.059 ± 0.010 in.)

Muffler
Muffler Retaining Nut Torque................................................................................24.4 N·m (216 in. lb.)

Oil Filter
Oil Filter Torque........................................................................................................refer to oil filter for instructions

Oil Cooler
Oil Cooler/Adapter Nipple Torque........................................................................27 N·m (20 ft. lb.)

Piston, Piston Rings, and Piston Pin

Piston-to-Piston Pin Running Clearance...............................................................0.006/0.017 mm (0.0002/0.0007 in.)

Piston Pin Bore I.D.

New.....................................................................................................................17.006/17.012 mm (0.6695/0.6698 in.)
Max. Wear Limit...............................................................................................17.025 mm (0.6703 in.)

Piston Pin O.D.

New.....................................................................................................................16.995/17.000 mm (0.6691/0.6693 in.)
Max. Wear Limit...............................................................................................16.994 mm (0.6691 in.)

Top Compression Ring-to-Groove Side Clearance

CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................0.040/0.080 mm (0.0016/0.0031 in.)
CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)...............................................................0.030/0.076 mm (0.0012/0.0030 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750......................................0.025/0.048 mm (0.0010/0.0019 in.)

Middle Compression Ring-to-Groove Side Clearance

CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................0.040/0.080 mm (0.0016/0.0031 in.)
CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)...............................................................0.030/0.076 mm (0.0012/0.0030 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750......................................0.015/0.037 mm (0.0006/0.0015 in.)

Oil Control Ring-to-Groove Side Clearance

CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................0.060/0.202 mm (0.0024/0.0080 in.)
CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)...............................................................0.046/0.196 mm (0.0018/0.0077 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750......................................0.026/0.176 mm (0.0010/0.0070 in.)

1.12
 Section 1
Safety and General Information

Piston, Piston Rings, and Piston Pin cont.

Top and Center Compression Ring End Gap
New Bore 1
CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................0.25/0.45 mm (0.0098/0.0177 in.)
CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)...............................................................0.18/0.46 mm (0.0071/0.0181 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745...................................................0.25/0.56 mm (0.0100/0.0224 in.)
Used Bore (Max)
CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................0.77 mm (0.030 in.)
CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)...............................................................0.80 mm (0.0315 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750 . ...................................0.94 mm (0.037 in.)

Piston Thrust Face O.D.²

New
CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................76.967/76.985 mm (3.0302/3.0309 in.)
CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)...............................................................79.963/79.979 mm (3.1481/3.1488 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750......................................82.986 mm (3.2671 in.)
Max. Wear Limit
CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................76.840 mm (3.0252 in.)
CH22/CH670 (674 cc).......................................................................................79.831 mm (3.1430 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750......................................82.841 mm (3.2614 in.)

Piston Thrust Face-to-Cylinder Bore² Running Clearance

New
CH18/CH620,CH20/CH640,CH22 (624 cc)....................................................0.014/0.057 mm (0.0005/0.0022 in.)
CH22/CH670,CH23/CH680 (674 cc)...............................................................0.021/0.062 mm (0.0008/0.0024 in.)
CH25,CH26/CH735,CH730,CH740,CH745,CH750......................................0.001/0.045 mm (0.039/0.0018 in.)

Speed Control Bracket

Fastener Torque.........................................................................................................10.7 N·m (95 in. lb.) into new holes
7.3 N·m (65 in. lb.) into used holes

Starter Assembly
Thru Bolt Torque
UTE/Johnson Electric, Eaton (Inertia Drive).................................................4.5-5.7 N·m (40-50 in. lb.)
Nippondenso (Solenoid Shift)........................................................................4.5-7.5 N·m (40-84 in. lb.)
Delco-Remy (Solenoid Shift)...........................................................................5.6-9.0 N·m (49-79 in. lb.)

Mounting Screw Torque (All).................................................................................15.3 N·m (135 in. lb.)

Brush Holder Mounting Screw Torque

Delco-Remy Starter...........................................................................................2.5-3.3 N·m (22-29 in. lb.)

Solenoid (Starter)
Mounting Hardware Torque
Nippondenso Starter........................................................................................6.0-9.0 N·m (53-79 in. lb.)
Delco-Remy Starter...........................................................................................4.0-6.0 N·m (35-53 in. lb.)
Nut, Positive (+) Brush Lead Torque
Nippondenso Starter........................................................................................8.0-12.0 N·m (71-106 in. lb.)
Delco-Remy Starter...........................................................................................8.0-11.0 N·m (71-97 in. lb.)

Stator
Mounting Screw Torque...........................................................................................6.2 N·m (55 in. lb.)

² Measure 6 mm (0.236 in.) above the bottom of the piston skirt at right angles to the piston pin.

1.13
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—Š”ŽȱŠ•ŸŽȱŽ–Ȭ˜ȬŠ•ŸŽȱ ž’Žȱž——’—ȱ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŖǯŖřŞȦŖǯŖŝŜȱ––ȱǻŖǯŖŖŗśȦŖǯŖŖřŖȱ’—ǯǼ

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—Š”ŽȱŠ•ŸŽȱ ž’Žȱǯǯ

ȱ ȱ Ž ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŝǯŖřŞȦŝǯŖśŞȱ––ȱǻŖǯŘŝŝŗȦŖǯŘŝŝşȱ’—ǯǼ
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ȱ ¡‘ŠžœȱŠ•ŸŽȱ ž’Žȱǯǯ


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ȱ ȱ ŖǯŘśȱ––ȱǯǯȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŝǯŘşŞȱ––ȱǻŖǯŘŞŝřȱ’—ǯǼ

—Š”ŽȱŠ•ŸŽȱ’—’–ž–ȱ’ĞȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŞǯŖŝȱ––ȱǻŖǯřŗŝŝȱ’—ǯǼ

¡‘ŠžœȱŠ•ŸŽȱ’—’–ž–ȱ’ĞȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŞǯŖŝȱ––ȱǻŖǯřŗŝŝȱ’—ǯǼ

˜–’—Š•ȱŠ•ŸŽȱŽŠȱ—•ŽȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯŚśǚ


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 Section 2
Tools & Aids

Section 2
Tools & Aids 2

Certain quality tools are designed to help you perform specific disassembly, repair, and reassembly procedures.
By using tools designed for the job, you can properly service engines easier, faster, and safer! In addition, you’ll
increase your service capabilities and customer satisfaction by decreasing engine downtime.

Here is the list of tools and their source.

Separate Tool Suppliers:

Kohler Tools SE Tools Design Technology Inc.
Contact your source 415 Howard St. 768 Burr Oak Drive
of supply. Lapeer, MI 48446 Westmont, IL 60559
Phone 810-664-2981 Phone 630-920-1300
Toll Free 800-664-2981
Fax 810-664-8181

Tools
Description Source/Part No.
Balance Gear Tim ing Tool (K & M Ser ies) Kohler 25 455 06-S
To hold balance gears in timed position when assembling engine. (Formerly Y-357)

Cam shaft Endplay Plat e

S E Tools KLR-82405
For checking camshaft endplay.

Cylinder Leakdow n Test er

Kohler 25 761 05-S
For checking combustion retention and if cylinder, piston, rings, or valves are worn.

Elect r onic Fuel Inject ion (EFI) Diagnost ic Soft w ar e Kohler 25 761 23-S
U se with Laptop or Desktop PC.

EFI Ser vice Kit

Kohler 24 761 01-S
For troubleshooting and setting up an EFI engine.

Individual Components Available Design Technology Inc.

Pressure Tester DTI-019
Noid Light DTI-021
90° Adapter DTI-023
Oetiker Clamp Pliers DTI-025
Code Plug, Red Wire DTI-027
Code Plug, Blue Wire DTI-029

Flyw heel Holding Tool (CS Ser ies) S E Tools KLR-82407

Flyw heel Puller

S E Tools KLR-82408
To remove flywheel from engine.

2.1
Section 2
Tools & Aids

Tools (cont.)
Description Source/Part No.
Flyw heel St r ap Wr ench
S E Tools KLR-82409
To hold flywheel during removal.

Hydr aulic Valve Lift er Tool

Kohler 25 761 38-S
To remove and install hydraulic lifters.

Ignit ion Syst em Test er

For testing output on all systems, except CD. Kohler 25 455 01-S
For testing output on capacitive discharge (CD) ignition system. Kohler 24 455 02-S

Offset Wr ench (K & M Ser ies)

S E Tools KLR-82410
To remove and reinstall cylinder barrel retaining nuts.

Oil Pr essur e Test Kit

Kohler 25 761 06-S
To test and verify oil pressure.

Rect ifier -Regulat or Test er (120 volt cur r ent ) Kohler 25 761 20-S
Rect ifier -Regulat or Test er (240 volt cur r ent ) Kohler 25 761 41-S
U sed to test rectifier-regulators.

Individual Components Available Design Technology Inc.

CS -PRO Regulator Test Harness DTI-031
S pecial Regulator Test Harness with Diode DTI-033

Spar k Advance Module (SAM) Test er

Kohler 25 761 40-S
To test the S AM (AS AM and DS AM) on engines with S MART-S PARK™.

St ar t er Br ush Holding Tool (Solenoid Shift )

S E Tools KLR-82416
To hold brushes during servicing.

St ar t er Ret aining Ring Tool (Iner t ia Dr ive)

Kohler 25 761 18-S
To remove and reinstall drive retaining rings (excluding FAS CO starters).

St ar t er Ser vicing Kit (All St ar t er s)

S E Tools KLR-82411
To remove and reinstall drive retaining rings and brushes.

Individual Component Available

S E Tools KLR-82416
S tarter Brush Holding Tool (S olenoid S hift)

Tachom et er (Digit al Induct ive) Design Technology Inc.

For checking operating speed (RPM) of an engine. DTI-110

Vacuum /Pr essur e Test er

Kohler 25 761 22-S
Alternative to a water manometer.

Valve Guide Ream er (K & M Ser ies)

S E Tools KLR-82413
For sizing valve guides after installation.

Valve Guide Ser vice Kit (Cour age, Aegis, Com m and, OHC)
S E Tools KLR-82415
For servicing worn value guides.

2.2
 Section 2
Tools & Aids

Aids
Description Source/Part No.

Cam shaft Lubr icant (Valspar ZZ613) Kohler 25 357 14-S

Dielect r ic Gr ease (GE/Novaguard G661) Kohler 25 357 11-S

2
Dielect r ic Gr ease (Fel-Pro) Lubri-S el

Elect r ic St ar t er Dr ive Lubr icant (Inertia Drive) Kohler 52 357 01-S

Elect r ic St ar t er Dr ive Lubr icant (S olenoid S hift) Kohler 52 357 02-S

RTV Silicone Sealant Kohler 25 597 07-S

Loctite® 5900 Heavy Body in 4 oz aerosol dispenser.

Only oxime-based, oil resistant RTV sealants, such as those listed, are approved for use.
Loctite® Nos. 5900 or 5910 are recommended for best sealing characteristics.

Loctite® 5910
Loctite® U ltra Black 598
Loctite® U ltra Blue 587
Loctite® U ltra Copper

Spline Dr ive Lubr icant Kohler 25 357 12-S

2.3
Section 2
Tools & Aids

Special Tools You Can Make
Flywheel Holding Tool
A flywheel holding tool can be made out of an old
junk flywheel ring gear as shown in Figure 2-1, and
used in place of a strap wrench.
1. Using an abrasive cut-off wheel, cut out a six
tooth segment of the ring gear as shown.
2. Grind off any burrs or sharp edges.
3. Invert the segment and place it between the
ignition bosses on the crankcase so that the tool
teeth engage the flywheel ring gear teeth. The
bosses will lock the tool and flywheel in
position for loosening, tightening or removing
with a puller.
2. Remove the studs of a Posi-Lock rod or grind off
the aligning steps of a Command rod, so the joint
surface is flat.
3. Find a 1 in. long capscrew with the correct
thread size to match the threads in the
connecting rod.
4. Use a flat washer with the correct I.D. to slip on
the capscrew and approximately 1” O.D. (Kohler
Part No. 12 468 05-S). Assemble the capscrew
and washer to the joint surface of the rod, as
shown in Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2. Rocker Arm/Crankshaft Tool.

Figure 2-1. Flywheel Holding Tool.

Rocker Arm/Crankshaft Tool

A spanner wrench to lift the rocker arms or turn the
crankshaft may be made out of an old junk connecting
rod.

1. Find a used connecting rod from a 10 HP or

larger engine. Remove and discard the rod cap.

2.4
 Section 3
Troubleshooting

Section 3
Troubleshooting
3
Troubleshooting Guide 10. Diode in wiring harness failed in open circuit
When troubles occur, be sure to check the simple mode.
causes which, at first, may seem too obvious to be
considered. For example, a starting problem could be Engine Starts Hard
caused by an empty fuel tank. 1. PTO drive is engaged.
2. Dirt or water in the fuel system.
Some general common causes of engine troubles are 3. Clogged fuel line.
listed below. Use these to locate the causing factors. 4. Loose or faulty wires or connections.
Refer to the specific section(s) within this service 5. Faulty or misadjusted choke or throttle controls.
manual for more detailed information. 6. Faulty spark plugs.
7. Low compression.
Engine Cranks But Will Not Start 8. Weak spark.
1. Empty fuel tank. 9. Fuel pump malfunction causing lack of fuel.
2. Fuel shut-off valve closed. 10. Engine overheated-cooling/air circulation
3. Poor fuel, dirt or water in the fuel system. restricted.
4. Clogged fuel line. 11. Quality of fuel.
5. Spark plug lead(s) disconnected. 12. Flywheel key sheared.
6. Key switch or kill switch in “off” position. 13. Intake system leak.
7. Faulty spark plugs.
8. Faulty ignition module(s). Engine Will Not Crank
9. SMART-SPARK™ malfunction (applicable models). 1. PTO drive is engaged.
10. Carburetor solenoid malfunction. 2. Battery is discharged.
11. Diode in wiring harness failed in open circuit 3. Safety interlock switch is engaged.
mode. 4. Loose or faulty wires or connections.
12. Vacuum fuel pump malfunction, or oil in vacuum 5. Faulty key switch or ignition switch.
hose. 6. Faulty electric starter or solenoid.
13. Vacuum hose to fuel pump leaking/cracked. 7. Seized internal engine components.
14. Battery connected backwards.
15. Safety interlock system engaged. Engine Runs But Misses
1. Dirt or water in the fuel system.
Engine Starts But Does Not Keep Running 2. Spark plug lead disconnected.
1. Restricted fuel tank cap vent. 3. Poor quality of fuel.
2. Poor fuel, dirt or water in the fuel system. 4. Faulty spark plug(s).
3. Faulty or misadjusted choke or throttle controls. 5. Loose wires or connections that intermittently
4. Loose wires or connections that short the kill ground the ignition kill circuit.
terminal of ignition module to ground. 6. Engine overheated.
5. Faulty cylinder head gasket. 7. Faulty ignition module or incorrect air gap.
6. Faulty carburetor. 8. Carburetor adjusted incorrectly.
7. Vacuum fuel pump malfunction, or oil in vacuum 9. SMART-SPARK™ malfunction (applicable
hose. models).
8. Leaking/cracked vacuum hose to fuel pump.
9. Intake system leak.

3.1
Section 3
Troubleshooting
Engine Will Not Idle Engine Uses Excessive Amount of Oil
1. Dirt or water in the fuel system. 1. Incorrect oil viscosity/type.
2. Stale fuel and/or gum in carburetor. 2. Clogged or improperly assembled breather.
3. Faulty spark plugs. 3. Breather reed broken.
4. Fuel supply inadequate. 4. Worn or broken piston rings.
5. Idle speed adjusting screw improperly set. 5. Worn cylinder bore.
6. Idle fuel adjusting needle improperly set (some 6. Worn valve stems/valve guides.
models). 7. Crankcase overfilled.
7. Low compression. 8. Blown head gasket/overheated.
8. Restricted fuel tank cap vent.
9. Engine overheated-cooling system/air circulation Oil Leaks from Oil Seals, Gaskets
problem. 1. Crankcase breather is clogged or inoperative.
2. Breather reed broken.
Engine Overheats 3. Loose or improperly torqued fasteners.
1. Air intake/grass screen, cooling fins, or cooling 4. Piston blowby or leaky valves.
shrouds clogged. 5. Restricted exhaust.
2. Excessive engine load.
3. Low crankcase oil level. External Engine Inspection
4. High crankcase oil level. Before cleaning or disassembling the engine, make a
5. Faulty carburetor. thorough inspection of its external appearance and
6. Lean fuel mixture. condition. This inspection can give clues to what
7. SMART-SPARK™ malfunction (applicable might be found inside the engine (and the cause)
models). when it is disassembled.

Engine Knocks • Check for buildup of dirt and debris on the

1. Excessive engine load. crankcase, cooling fins, grass screen, and other
2. Low crankcase oil level. external surfaces. Dirt or debris on these areas
3. Old or improper fuel. are causes of higher operating temperatures and
4. Internal wear or damage. overheating.
5. Hydraulic lifter malfunction.
6. Quality of fuel. • Check for obvious fuel and oil leaks, and
7. Incorrect grade of oil. damaged components. Excessive oil leakage can
indicate a clogged or improperly-assembled
Engine Loses Power breather, worn/damaged seals and gaskets, or
1. Low crankcase oil level. loose or improperly-torqued fasteners.
2. High crankcase oil level.
3. Dirty air cleaner element. • Check the air cleaner cover and base for damage
4. Dirt or water in the fuel system. or indications of improper fit and seal.
5. Excessive engine load.
6. Engine overheated. • Check the air cleaner element. Look for holes,
7. Faulty spark plugs. tears, cracked or damaged sealing surfaces, or
8. Low compression. other damage that could allow unfiltered air into
9. Exhaust restriction. the engine. Also note if the element is dirty or
10. SMART-SPARK™ malfunction (applicable clogged. These could indicate that the engine has
models). been under serviced.
11. Low battery.
12. Incorrect governor setting. • Check the carburetor throat for dirt. Dirt in the
throat is further indication that the air cleaner is
not functioning properly.

• Check the oil level. Note if the oil level is within

the operating range on the dipstick, or if it is low
or overfilled.

3.2

• Check the condition of the oil. Drain the oil into a
container - the oil should flow freely. Check for
metal chips and other foreign particles.
Sludge is a natural by-product of combustion; a
small accumulation is normal. Excessive sludge
formation could indicate overrich carburetion,
weak ignition, overextended oil change interval
or wrong weight or type of oil was used, to name
a few.
NOTE: It is good practice to drain oil at a
location away from the workbench. Be
sure to allow ample time for complete
drainage.
Cleaning the Engine
After inspecting the external condition of the engine,
clean the engine thoroughly before disassembling it.
Also clean individual components as the engine is
disassembled. Only clean parts can be accurately
inspected and gauged for wear or damage. There are
many commercially available cleaners that will
quickly remove grease, oil, and grime from engine
parts. When such a cleaner is used, follow the
manufacturer’s instructions and safety precautions carefully.
Make sure all traces of the cleaner are removed before
the engine is reassembled and placed into operation.
Even small amounts of these cleaners can quickly
break down the lubricating properties of engine oil.
Basic Engine Tests
Crankcase Vacuum Test
A partial vacuum should be present in the crankcase
when the engine is operating. Pressure in the
crankcase (normally caused by a clogged or
improperly assembled breather) can cause oil to be
forced out at oil seals, gaskets, or other available
spots.
Crankcase vacuum is best measured with either a
water manometer or a vacuum gauge (see Section 2).
Complete instructions are provided in the kits.
Section 3
Troubleshooting
To test the crankcase vacuum with the manometer:
1. Insert the stopper/hose into the oil fill hole. Leave
the other tube of manometer open to
atmosphere. Make sure the shut off clamp is
closed.
2. Start the engine and run at no-load high speed
(3200 to 3750 RPM).
3. Open the clamp and note the water level in the
3
tube.
The level in the engine side should be a
minimum of 10.2 cm (4 in.) above the level in the
open side.
If the level in the engine side is less than specified
(low/no vacuum), or the level in the engine side
is lower than the level in the open side
(pressure), check for the conditions in the table
on page 3.4.
4. Close the shut off clamp before stopping the
engine.
To test the crankcase vacuum with the Vacuum/
Pressure Gauge Kit (see Section 2):
1. Remove the dipstick or oil fill plug/cap.
2. Install the adapter into the oil fill/dipstick tube
opening, upside down over the end of a small
diameter dipstick tube, or directly into engine if
a tube is not used.
3. Push the barbed fitting on the gauge solidly into
the hole in the adapter.
4. Start the engine and bring it up to operating
speed (3200-3600 RPM).
5. Check the reading on the gauge. If the reading is
to the left of “0” on the gauge, vacuum or
negative pressure is indicated. If the reading is to
the right of “0” on the gauge, positive pressure is
present.
Crankcase vacuum should be 4-10 (inches of
water) If the reading is below specification, or if
pressure is present, check the following table for
possible causes and remedies.
3.3
Section 3
Troubleshooting
No Crankcase Vacuum/Pressure in Crankcase
Possible Cause
1. Crankcase breather clogged or inoperative.
2. Seals and/or gaskets leaking. Loose or
improperly torqued fasteners.
3. Piston blowby or leaky valves (confirm by
inspecting components).
4. Restricted exhaust.
Compression Test
Some of these engines are equipped with an automatic
compression release (ACR) mechanism. Because of the
ACR mechanism, it is difficult to obtain an accurate
compression reading. As an alternative, perform a
cylinder leakdown test.
Cylinder Leakdown Test
A cylinder leakdown test can be a valuable
alternative to a compression test. By pressurizing the
combustion chamber from an external air source you
can determine if the valves or rings are leaking, and
how badly.
Cylinder Leakdown Tester (see Section 2) is a
relatively simple, inexpensive leakdown tester for
small engines. The tester includes a quick disconnect
for attaching the adapter hose, and a holding tool.
Leakdown Test Instructions
1. Run engine for 3-5 minutes to warm it up.
2. Remove spark plug(s) and air filter from engine.
3. Rotate the crankshaft until the piston (of cylinder
being tested) is at top dead center of the
compression stroke. Hold the engine in this
position while testing. The holding tool supplied
with the tester can be used if the PTO end of the
crankshaft is accessible. Lock the holding tool
onto the crankshaft. Install a 3/8" breaker bar
into the hole/slot of the holding tool, so it is
perpendicular to both the holding tool and
crankshaft PTO.
3.4
Solution
1. Disassemble breather, clean parts thoroughly,
check sealing surfaces for flatness, reassemble,
and recheck pressure.
2. Replace all worn or damaged seals and gaskets.
Make sure all fasteners are tightened securely.
Use appropriate torque values and sequences
when necessary.
3. Recondition piston, rings, cylinder bore, valves,
and valve guides.
4. Repair/replace restricted muffler/exhaust
system.
If the flywheel end is more accessible, use a
breaker bar and socket on the flywheel nut/
screw to hold it in position. An assistant may be
needed to hold the breaker bar during testing. If
the engine is mounted in a piece of equipment, it
may be possible to hold it by clamping or
wedging a driven component. Just be certain that
the engine cannot rotate off of TDC in either
direction.
4. Install the adapter into the spark plug hole, but
do not attach it to the tester at this time.
5. Connect an air source of at least 50 psi to the
tester.
6. Turn the regulator knob in the increase
(clockwise) direction until the gauge needle is in
the yellow “set” area at the low end of the scale.
7. Connect the tester quick-disconnect to the
adapter hose while firmly holding the engine at
TDC. Note the gauge reading and listen for
escaping air at the carburetor intake, exhaust
outlet, and crankcase breather.
8. Check your test results against the following
table:
 Section 3
Troubleshooting

Leakdown Test Results

Air escaping from crankcase breather ........................................................ Defective rings or worn cylinder.
Air escaping from exhaust system .............................................................. Defective exhaust valve/improper seating.
Air escaping from carburetor ....................................................................... Defective intake valve/improper seating.
Gauge reading in “low” (green) zone .......................................................... Piston rings and cylinder in good
condition.
Gauge reading in “moderate” (yellow) zone .............................................. Engine is still usable, but there is some
wear present. Customer should start
planning for overhaul or replacement.
Gauge reading in “high” (red) zone ............................................................. Rings and/or cylinder have considerable 3
wear. Engine should be reconditioned or
replaced.

3.5
Section 3
Troubleshooting

3.6
 Section 4
Air Cleaner and Air Intake System

Air Cleaners

General
Most engines are equipped with a replaceable, high-
4
density paper air cleaner element, surrounded by an
oiled foam precleaner, and housed under a flat outer
cover. This is typically referred to as the standard air
cleaner assembly. See Figures 4-1 and 4-4. Some
engines utilize a heavy-duty style air cleaner as shown
in Figure 4-12.

Figure 4-2. Removing Latch Style Cover.

Cover

Air Cleaner Element

Figure 4-1. Standard Air Cleaner. Precleaner

Standard Air Cleaner

Service Figure 4-3. Removing Knob Style Cover.

Check the air cleaner daily or before starting the
engine. Check for and correct any buildup of dirt and
debris, along with loose or damaged components.
NOTE: Operating the engine with loose or damaged
air cleaner components could allow
unfiltered air into the engine, causing
premature wear and failure.
Precleaner Service
If so equipped, wash and reoil the precleaner every 25
hours of operation (more often under extremely dusty
or dirty conditions).
To service the precleaner, perform the following steps:
1. Unhook the latches or loosen the retaining knob,
and remove the cover.

2. Remove the foam precleaner from the paper air

cleaner element.

4.1
Section 4
Air Cleaner and Air Intake System

3. Wash the precleaner in warm water with

detergent. Rinse the precleaner thoroughly until
all traces of detergent are eliminated. Squeeze out
excess water (do not wring). Allow the precleaner
to air dry.

4. Saturate the precleaner with new engine oil.

Squeeze out all excess oil.

5. Reinstall the precleaner over the paper air cleaner Seal

element.

6. Reinstall the air cleaner cover. Secure the cover

with the two latches or the retaining knob.
Figure 4-6. Removing Elements.
Element Cover Wing Nut

Precleaner

Element
Figure 4-4. Air Cleaner Components.
Figure 4-7. Removing Rubber Seal from Bracket.

Paper Element Service (Standard Type)

Every 100 hours of operation (more often under
extremely dusty or dirty conditions), replace the paper
element. Follow these steps:

1. Unhook the latches or loosen the retaining knob,

and remove the cover.

2. Remove the wing nut, element cover, and paper

element with precleaner (if so equipped).

3. Remove the precleaner (if so equipped) from the

paper element. Service the precleaner as
Figure 4-5. Removing Element Cover Wing Nut. described in "Precleaner Service".

4. Do not wash the paper element or use

pressurized air, as this will damage the element.
Replace a dirty, bent, or damaged element with a
genuine Kohler element. Handle new elements
carefully; do not use if the sealing surfaces are
bent or damaged.

4.2

5. Check the seal for any damage or deterioration.
Replace as necessary. See Figure 4-7.
6. Reinstall the seal, paper element, precleaner,
element cover, and wing nut.
Figure 4-8. Exploded View of Standard Air Intake System Components.
Section 4
Air Cleaner and Air Intake System
7. Reinstall the air cleaner cover and secure with the
latches or the retaining knob.
NOTE: Make sure the correct depth air cleaner
element and rubber seal are used for the
engine spec involved. Some engines use
a deeper or extra capacity air cleaner and
a longer rubber seal.
4.3
Section 4
Air Cleaner and Air Intake System
Air Cleaner Element Cover and Seal - Make sure
element cover is not bent or damaged. Make sure the
wing nut and seal are in place to ensure the element is
sealed against leakage.

Air Cleaner Base - Make sure the base is secured

tightly to the carburetor and not cracked or damaged.

Breather Tube - Make sure the tube is attached to both

the air cleaner base and the breather cover.

NOTE: Damaged, worn or loose air cleaner

components can allow unfiltered air into the
engine causing premature wear and failure.
Figure 4-9. Bracket Retaining Screw. Tighten or replace all loose or damaged
components.

Rear Mounting Complete Disassembly and Reassembly -

Screws
Standard Type
If the base plate on the standard type has to be
removed, proceed as follows:

1. Remove air cleaner components as described

earlier.

2. Remove the hex flange screws securing the

bracket and base. See Figures 4-9 and 4-10.
Remove the bracket.

Figure 4-10. Rear Mounting Screws (Used with
Plastic Intake Manifold).
3. Pinch the sealing collar on the breather hose and
push it down through the hole in the air cleaner
base. Carefully feed the upper section of the
breather tube down through the base. See Figure
4-11.

4. Remove the base and gasket.

5. Reverse the procedure to reinstall new or serviced

components. Torque screws to 9.9 N·m (88 in. lb.).

Heavy-Duty Air Cleaner

General
The heavy-duty air cleaner consists of a cylindrical
housing, typically mounted to a bracket off the upper
valve cover screws, and connected with a formed
Figure 4-11. Breather Tube.
rubber hose to an adapter on the carburetor or throttle
body/intake manifold (EFI units). The air cleaner
Air Cleaner Components
housing contains a paper element and inner element,
Whenever the air cleaner cover is removed, or the
designed for longer service intervals. The system is
paper element or precleaner are serviced, check the
CARB/EPA certified and the components should not be
following:
altered or modified in any way.

4.4

Figure 4-12. Heavy-Duty Air Cleaner.
To Service
Every 250 hours of operation (more often under
extremely dusty or dirty conditions), replace the
paper element and check the inner element. Follow
these steps.
1. Unhook the two retaining clips and remove the
end cap from the air cleaner housing.
2. Pull the air cleaner element out of the housing.
See Figure 4-13.
Inner
Element
Element
Figure 4-13. Removing Elements.
3. After the element is removed, check the condition
of the inner element. It should be replaced
whenever it appears dirty, typically every other
time the main element is replaced. Clean the area
around the base of the inner element before
removing it, so dirt does not get into the engine.
Section 4
Air Cleaner and Air Intake System
4. Do not wash the paper element and inner
element or use compressed air, this will damage
the elements. Replace dirty, bent or damaged
elements with new genuine Kohler elements as
required. Handle the new elements carefully; do
not use if the sealing surfaces are bent or
damaged.
5. Check all parts for wear, cracks, or damage.
Replace any damaged components.
6. Install the new inner element, followed by the
outer element. Slide each fully into place in the
air cleaner housing. 4
7. Reinstall the end cap so the dust ejector valve is
down, and secure with the two retaining clips.
See Figure 4-12.
Removal
1. Remove the upper valve cover screws on each
side, securing the main bracket, and loosen the
hose clamp on the adapter inlet, or remove the
adapter mounting screws.
2. Lift the entire air cleaner assembly off the engine.
Disassemble or service as required.
Installation
1. Install the main mounting bracket with the center
section up and the cutout around the carburetor,
aligning the mounting holes with the four upper
valve cover holes.
2. Install and torque the four valve cover mounting
screws to specified torque value.
3. Reconnect the hose to the adapter and tighten the
clamp, or install a new adapter gasket (if the
adapter was separated from the carburetor), and
torque the mounting fasteners to 7.3 N·m
(65 in. lb.).
NOTE: Adapter configurations may vary
depending on engine and application
involved. Two adapters are shown in
Figure 4-14.
4.5
Section 4
Air Cleaner and Air Intake System

*Cleanout kits, Kohler Part No. 25 755 20-S (black) or

25 755 21-S (gold), are recommended to aid
inspection and cleanout of the cooling fins. See
Figure 4-15.

NOTE: Operating the engine with a blocked grass

screen, dirty or plugged cooling fins, and/or
cooling shrouds removed, will cause engine
damage due to overheating.

Figure 4-14. Adapters for Heavy-Duty Air Cleaners.

Air Intake/Cooling System

To ensure proper cooling, make sure the grass screen,
cooling fan fins, and external surfaces of the engine
are kept clean at all times. Figure 4-15. Cleanout Kit Installed on Blower
Housing.
Every 100 hours of operation (more often under
extremely dusty or dirty conditions), remove the
blower housing and other cooling shrouds. *Clean the
cooling fins and external surfaces as necessary. Make
sure the cooling shrouds are reinstalled.

4.6

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 Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

WARNING: Explosive Fuel!

LPG is extremely flammable, is heavier than air, and tends to settle in low areas where a spark or flame could ignite the gas.
Do not start or operate this engine in a poorly ventilated area where leaking gas could accumulate and endanger the safety of
persons in the area.

Proper service and repair of LPG fuel systems requires qualified technicians and special equipment. Many states
require special licensing or certification for LPG repair shops and/or technicians. Check state and local 5A
regulations before attempting any adjustment, service, or repair of the LPG system or components. Faulty
repairs by unqualified or underqualified personnel can have very serious ramifications. The information in this
segment is for the exclusive use of qualified LPG service providers.

LPG Fuel System Components

The typical “liquid withdrawal” LPG fuel system consists of the following components:
• LPG Fuel Tank (Liquid Withdrawal)
• Electric Lock-Off/Filter Assembly
• Vaporizer
• LPG Regulator (Combination Primary/Secondary/Vacuum Lock-Off)
• LPG Carburetor
• High Pressure Fuel Line(s)
• Vacuum Line

Fuel Line

Vaporizer Vacuum Line

Lock-Off/Filter
Assembly

LPG Regulator

Figure 5A-1.

5A.1
Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems
Operation
In a liquid withdrawal system, the Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) is released from the bottom of
the supply tank under high pressure. Upon opening
the shut-off valve on the tank, liquid fuel travels out
through the high pressure line to the electric lock-off/
filter assembly. The lock-off opens internally when the
key switch is turned “on,” permitting filtered fuel to
flow to the vaporizer. The vaporizer is mounted in the
flow of the discharged cooling air. It absorbs heat from
the cooling air and transfers it to the fuel, changing the
liquefied petroleum to a vapor or gaseous state, while
partially stepping down the fuel pressure. The gas/
vapor flows under this decreased pressure to the
regulator where it is further reduced to a usable,
regulated pressure. The regulator, activated by intake
manifold vacuum, controls fuel flow to the carburetor.
In the venturi of the carburetor, the fuel vapor is
mixed with incoming air from the air cleaner in the
correct ratio for efficient combustion.
Troubleshooting Checklist
If the engine starts hard, runs roughly, or stalls, check
the following areas.
• Make sure the LPG fuel tank is filled and shut-off
valve is fully opened.
• Make sure fuel is reaching the carburetor.
• Make sure the air cleaner element and precleaner
are clean and all components are fastened
securely.
• Make sure the ignition, governor, exhaust,
throttle, and choke control systems are all
operating properly.
• Check compression.
If engine continues to start hard, run roughly, or stall
after these checks have been made, use the following
troubleshooting guide.
Engine cranks but will not start
1. LPG fuel tank closed, low, or empty.
2. Lock-off not opening electrically, preventing fuel
flow to vaporizer.
3. Fuel filter (located inside lock-off) dirty or
blocked.
5A.2
4. Insufficient vacuum signal, regulator not opening.
a. Vacuum line between carburetor and
regulator cracked, leaking, kinked, or pinched.
b. Carburetor loose.
c. Intake manifold loose or leaking.
d. Excessive internal engine wear.
5. Faulty regulator.
a. Primary valve not opening.
b. Diaphragm spring adjustment incorrect.
c. Idle adjustment screw incorrectly set.
d. Vent(s) blocked/restricted.
6. Restricted/blocked fuel line.
7. Blocked carburetor fuel circuit.
8. Loose/leaking fuel enrichment hose (Impco
carburetor system).
Hard starting, runs roughly, or stalls at idle speed
1. LPG fuel tank low.
2. Vacuum line between carburetor and regulator
pinched, cracked, or leaking.
3. Carburetor idle speed set too low (should be at
least 1200 RPM).
4. Carburetor idle circuit restricted.
5. Dirty/restricted air cleaner.
6. Dirty/restricted lock-off filter.
7. Frozen/malfunctioning regulator. Check/adjust
primary pressure.
8. Excessive external load on engine.
9. Excessive internal wear.
10. Loose/leaking fuel enrichment hose (Impco
carburetor system).
Irregular or inconsistent idle
1. Improper operation/adjustment of regulator, idle
adjustment screw, throttle opening, and/or engine
governor.
2. Secondary valve in regulator not closing. Readjust
idle screw (couterclockwise) so valve can close
fully against seat.
3. Loose/leaking vacuum line.
4. Loose carburetor mounting and/or line
connections.
5. Damaged diaphragm(s) within regulator.
6. Debris in regulator. Flush debris from drain plug
or remove regulator from system, disassemble
body and remove debris.
7. Dirt or debris in carburetor. Remove carburetor,
disassemble and clean/service as required. If
venturi (Impco carburetor) removal is performed,
mark its orientation to the carburetor body for
proper reinstallation.
8. Loose/leaking fuel enrichment hose (Impco
carburetor system).
 Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

Engine stalls during operation LPG Carburetor Adjustments

1. No fuel.
2. Faulty lock-off or blocked filter. General
3. Improper governor setting. The LPG carburetor and regulator are designed to
4. Damaged diaphragms within regulator. deliver the correct fuel-to-air mixture to the engine
5. Vacuum line leaking, loose, or pinched. under all operating conditions. The high and low idle
6. Restricted fuel line. fuel mixture settings are preset at the factory, and
7. Loose/leaking fuel enrichment hose (Impco cannot be adjusted. These engines are equipped with
carburetor system). an Impco or Nikki carburetor. See Figure 5A-2 and
5A-3. Although both carburetors function similarly,
Low power each is unique and should not be interchanged.
1. Air cleaner or exhaust system dirty/restricted.
2. Low fuel.
Load Block Assembly
3. Rich gas condition (flooding) through regulator.
a. Dirty/restricted valves in regulator.
b. Damaged primary diaphragm in regulator. Fuel Enrichment
4. No fuel. Hose
a. Electric lock-off not opening, filter blocked, or Venturi
5A
restriction within fuel line. Retaining
b. Leaking, loose, or cracked vacuum line from Screw
carburetor to regulator.
c. Leaking, or loose intake system components.
d. Regulator primary valve not opening.
e. Secondary, or vacuum lock-off diaphragm Idle Speed
within regulator leaking. Fuel Inlet Adjusting Screw
f. Low pressure rubber hose kinked.
g. Frozen regulator. Figure 5A-2. Impco Carburetor.
5. Improper ignition timing.
6. Loose/incorrect throttle lever/clamp bracket Choke Plate/Shaft Assembly
positioning.
7. Loose or incorrectly positioned high speed Rear Plug
throttle plate stop. with Sealing
Washer Transfer
Chamber
Engine runs lean
Cover
1. Electrical problem causing intermittent lock-off
operation, or lock-off is faulty.
2. Filter in lock-off dirty or restricted.
3. Restriction in fuel system.
4. Idle holes plugged; dirt in fuel delivery channels. Fuel Inlet Vacuum Port
5. Carburetor fuel circuit restriction. Idle Speed
6. Loose/leaking fuel enrichment hose (Impco Plastic Bushing Adjusting Screw
carburetor system). Figure 5A-3. Nikki Carburetor.

High fuel consumption Impco carburetors also incorporate the use of an

1. Fuel leak. Check lines, connections, and system
components for leaks with soapy water. Fix any
leaks immediately.
2. Incorrectly set regulator, or leakage from valves
in regulator. Readjust, service, or replace
regulator as required.
3. Dirty air cleaner or precleaner.
4. Choke plate in carburetor not opening
completely.
external ‘‘Load Block’’ assembly, which controls the
final fuel flow to the carburetor for all throttle
positions except idle. See Figure 5A-2. Calibrated and
flow-matched to the carburetor, it functions similarly
to preset fuel mixture settings in other carburetors.
The load block assembly is not available separately,
nor is any internal servicing permitted or possible. If a
problem is encountered and determined to be caused
by the load block, the carburetor should be replaced.

5A.3
Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

High Altitude Operation Impco Carburetor

The standard carburetor calibrations will provide 1. Turn off fuel supply at tank.
proper operation up to altitudes of 1500 m (5000 ft.).
No internal changes are necessary or available for 2. Remove the air cleaner, breather hose, fuel line,
either carburetor. vacuum hose, choke, and throttle linkages.
Remove the mounting hardware, carburetor, and
NOTE: Carburetor adjustments should be made only gaskets from the engine. Discard the gaskets.
after the engine has warmed up.
3. The carburetor venturi may be removed for
Idle Speed Adjustment inspection and appropriate cleaning.
1. Start the engine and run at half throttle for 5 to 10
minutes. Check that the throttle and choke (Nikki a. Remove the four screws securing the air
carburetor) plates can open fully. cleaner adapter and gasket to the carburetor.
See Figure 5A-4.
2. Place the throttle control into the “idle” or
“slow” position. Turn the low idle speed
adjusting screw (See Figure 5A-2 or 5A-3) in or
out, to obtain a low idle speed of 1200 RPM (± 75
RPM), or set to application specifications. Check
the speed using a tachometer.

NOTE: The actual low idle speed (RPM) depends on

the application. Refer to the equipment
manufacturer’s recommendations. The low
idle speed for basic engines is 1200 RPM.

LPG Fuel System Component Service

LPG Carburetor - Cleaning Figure 5A-4.

The carburetor may be cleaned if necessary. Removal
from the engine and limited disassembly will aid in b. Important: Mark a small line on the outer
cleaning. edge of the venturi for proper orientation and
reinstallation later.
NOTE: Impco Carburetor: Do not loosen or alter the
mounted position of the clamping brackets c. Loosen the venturi retaining screw on the side
and/or stop collar on the throttle shaft. Each of the carburetor body and lift out the
is preset, in correlation to a specific position venturi. See Figure 5A-5.
of the throttle plate (shaft), or acts as a stop.
None of these attached components,
including the throttle plate or shaft, requires
disassembly or removal for any carburetor
servicing. All the components on the throttle
shaft should be left intact. If the settings of
any one of these is inadvertently loosened or
altered, each must be checked/reset, or
performance and operation will be affected.
Refer to the procedure included in the
reassembly/installation sequence to check or
reset.

Figure 5A-5.

5A.4

4. Inspect the overall condition of the fuel
enrichment hose attached to the carburetor. It
must be free of cracks, deterioration, and damage.
Disconnect the fuel enrichment hose from the
carburetor fittings to clean or check condition as
required. See Figure 5A-6. Replace with a new
Kohler high pressure hose (LP rated) if the
condition is questionable in any way. Secure new
hose using new clamps.
Figure 5A-6.
5. Clean all parts as required, use a good carburetor
cleaner, following the manufacturer's
instructions. Blow clean, compressed air through
all the passages. Do not poke or probe into the
load block assembly as damage can be done,
resulting in serious operational problems. See
Figure 5A-7.
Figure 5A-7.
Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems
Nikki Carburetor
1. Turn off fuel supply at tank.
2. Remove the air cleaner, breather hose, fuel line,
vacuum hose, choke, and throttle linkages.
Remove the nuts, carburetor, and gaskets from
the engine. Discard the gaskets.
3. Remove the fuel transfer chamber cover by
removing the three screws. See Figure 5A-3.
Carefully remove the cover and gasket. Discard
the gasket.
4. The main jet is fixed and nonadjustable, but may
be accessed for cleaning by removing the rear
plug and sealing washer. Discard the washer.
5. In order to clean the off-idle transfer passages 5A
and carburetor thoroughly, use a good carburetor
cleaner and follow the manufacturer's
instructions. Blow clean, compressed air through
the passages and make sure all are open before
reassembling. Do not use wire or metal objects to
clean passages or carburetor body.
LPG Carburetor - Inspection
1. Inspect the carburetor body and removable
venturi (Impco carburetor) for cracks, holes, and
other wear or damage.
2. Check the choke shaft (Nikki carburetor only)
and the throttle shaft for wear and free
movement.
NOTE: Do not attempt to disassemble or
remove either shaft from the carburetor
body, including the mounted clamp
brackets on Impco style carburetors. The
screws, attaching the choke and throttle
plate to their respective shafts are staked
or bonded to prevent loosening. The
plate(s) and shaft(s) are not available
separately. If detrimental wear or
damage is found in any of the parts, the
carburetor should be replaced.
5A.5
Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

LPG Carburetor - Reassembly Idle Speed Clamp Bracket Position

1. Counting the number of turns, back the idle
Impco Carburetor speed adjustment screw off (counterclockwise),
1. Slide the venturi into the carburetor body, so only 1 to 1 1/2 of the threads are visible. See
aligning the position mark made prior to Figure 5A-8.
removal. Correctly installed, the discharge holes
should not be visible from the top.

2. Secure with the venturi retaining screw. Torque

the screw to 4.0 N·m (36 in. lb.).

3. Install a new adapter gasket and mount the air

cleaner adapter onto the carburetor with the four
screws. Torque the screws to 4.0 N·m (36 in. lb.). Idle Speed
Clamp
4. Install a new carburetor gasket onto the intake Bracket
manifold adapter, followed by the carburetor. Mounting
Install and finger tighten the mounting fasteners. Screw

5. Connect the ‘‘Z’’ end of the throttle linkage and

Figure 5A-8. Backing Off Idle Speed Screw.
the dampening spring to the throttle clamp
bracket on the throttle shaft. Attach the opposite
2. Loosen the clamp bracket mounting screw, and
end of linkage and spring to the governor lever.
pivot the throttle shaft to fully close the throttle
plate. See Figure 5A-9.
NOTE: The clamp brackets and stop collar
mounted on the throttle shaft should still
be in their original positions (See Figure
5A-2), and not require any readjustment/
resetting. Continue with steps 6 and 7. If
the mounted position of any one of these
was affected or changed, it will be
necessary to check and reset the position
of each before proceeding. Follow the
complete instructions listed after step 7,
then continue with steps 6 and 7.

6. Manually move the governor lever toward the

carburetor as far as it will go.

7. Check that the throttle plate is now fully open or
reposition the carburetor slightly on the
mounting screws so it is fully open. Torque the
mounting screws to 9.9 N·m (88 in. lb.).
Instructions for Checking/Positioning the Clamp
Brackets Mounted on the Throttle Shaft
Use only if the position or mounting of the clamp
bracket(s) has been disturbed. Figures show the
carburetor removed from the engine for clarity.
Figure 5A-9. Closing Throttle Plate.
3. Hold the throttle plate closed and rotate the
clamp bracket until the end of the screw contacts
the stop. Insert a 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) feeler gauge
between the carburetor housing and the side of
the clamp bracket to set the endplay, then tighten
the mounting screw securely. See Figure 5A-10.

5A.6
 Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

3. Insert a 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) feeler gauge between

the side of the stop collar and the carburetor
housing, then check or set the position of the stop
collar. The head of the mounting screw must be
in contact with the carburetor boss from the back
(hose/fitting) side, preventing any further
rotation over center. Set or adjust the stop collar
as required. See Figure 5A-12.

Figure 5A-10. Tightening Idle Speed Clamp

Mounting Screw. High Speed Stop
Collar
4. Reset the idle speed adjustment screw back to the 5A
original position.

High Speed/Stop Collar Position

1. Make sure the idle speed clamp position has
already been checked or properly set.
Figure 5A-12. Adjusting/Setting Stop Collar.
2. Rotate and hold the throttle shaft so the throttle
4. Tighten the screw securely.
plate is fully open/perfectly vertical. See Figure
5A-11.
NOTE: After the idle speed clamp bracket and the
high speed stop collar positions have been
set, check that the throttle shaft pivots freely
without binding or restriction.

Throttle Linkage Clamp Bracket Position

Carburetor must be assembled to engine with linkage
attached to set this position.

1. The throttle linkage clamp bracket should be

positioned as shown in Figure 5A-13 on the idle
High Speed Stop speed clamp bracket side of the throttle shaft.
Collar

Figure 5A-11. Full Throttle Position.

Throttle
Linkage
Clamp Bracket
Figure 5A-13. Throttle Linkage Clamp Bracket
Position.

5A.7
Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

2. Manually move the governor lever, with the
throttle linkage connected, toward the carburetor as
far as it will go. Hold it in this position.
3. Looking down the throat of the carburetor, check
that the throttle plate is in the full throttle position
and that the head of the high speed collar stop
screw is in contact with the carburetor boss. If not,
loosen the carburetor mounting screws and
reposition the carburetor slightly. Torque the
carburetor mounting screws to 9.9 N·m (88 in. lb.).
NOTE: If additional adjustment is required,
loosen the throttle linkage clamp bracket
mounting screw, set the throttle shaft to
the full throttle position against the head
of the stop screw, and retighten the clamp
mounting screw securely. See Figure
5A-14.
6. Check to be sure all system connections are tight.
7. Reset idle RPM and recheck high idle (governed
speed) after starting and allowing sufficient
warm-up time.
Electric Lock-Off/Filter Assembly - Functional Test
The electric lock-off can be easily tested to verify that
it is functional. Remove it from the system for testing.
Using a 12 volt power supply or battery, connect one
wire lead to the positive (+) lead of power supply, and
touch remaining wire lead to negative (-) lead of
power supply. When connection is made, an audible
“click” should be heard indicating the opening of the
lock-off. While energized, blow compressed air
through it to determine if it is blocked or restricted.

Figure 5A-15.

Figure 5A-14. Tightening Throttle Linkage Clamp

Bracket.

Nikki Carburetor
1. Reinstall the rear plug with a new sealing washer.
Tighten the plug securely.

2. Reinstall fuel transfer chamber cover with a new

gasket. Secure with the three screws.

3. Install new carburetor mounting gasket on

manifold studs, followed by the carburetor and
new air cleaner base gasket.
4. Reconnect the throttle and choke linkages, and
the fuel and vacuum lines.
5. Reinstall the air cleaner base and breather tube.
Secure base with two mounting nuts. Torque nuts
to 9.9 N·m (88 in. lb.). Install the rest of the air
cleaner system.
Figure 5A-16.
Electric Lock-Off/Filter Assembly - Filter Service
The filter inside the lock-off assembly should be
replaced every 500 hours of operation, or if it becomes
blocked or restricted. Cleaning of the filter element is
not recommended. Order a replacement filter element
by the appropriate Kohler part number.

5A.8
 Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

Vaporizer Assembly
The outer surface of the vaporizer should be kept free
of dirt and debris accumulation, which will cause a
loss of vaporization efficiency. Visual inspection and
necessary cleaning should be performed on a regular
basis, more frequently under dusty or dirty
conditions. The vaporizer should be disassembled,
cleaned, and serviced using a rebuild kit every 1500
hours or if a problem is encountered.

Figure 5A-18. Impco (Beam) Regulator.

5A

Figure 5A-17.

LPG Regulator
The regulator controls both the pressure and flow of
fuel within the LP system. It is comprised of both a
primary and secondary chamber, which are dependent
Figure 5A-19. Nikki Regulator.
upon one another. Two different styles of regulators
are used, based upon the system involved. The Impco
Following are separate sections covering the theory of
(Beam) regulator is shown in Figure 5A-18, and the
operation and general service information for each
Nikki regulator is shown in Figure 5A-19. Although
style of regulator. Detailed service/repair instructions
the basic design and operating principles are similar,
are included in the rebuild kit for each regulator.
due to system differences the regulators should not be
interchanged.

5A.9
Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

Impco (Beam) Regulator (See Figure 5A-20) 1 19

LPG vapor enters at point (A), then passes into 17
primary area (B) at point (28), where pressure is 14
reduced from up to 250 psi at the tank to 4.5 psi in 15
20 5
area (B). Fuel pressure against diaphragm (2) 25 18
E
overcomes spring (3) and as movement increases, 2
spring (5) will close lever (6). The primary diaphragm 16
3
breather (not shown in drawing) is vented to B
13
secondary chamber so that rupture of this diaphragm
H
would direct fuel into the carburetor.
4
K 12
Fuel now moves through passage (E), past secondary 6 D
valve (25) into secondary area (C). As negative 7 C 11
pressure (vacuum) is created at the carburetor venturi 28 A
and is transmitted through the dry-gas hose to 8
10
chamber (C) secondary diaphragm (12) is drawn
down and contacts the secondary lever (16). Fuel will 9 21
flow in proportion to air velocity through the 1. 1/8-27 NPT Plug 12. Secondary Diaphragm
carburetor venturi, ensuring an ideal mixture at all 2. Primary Diaphragm Assembly 13. Pan Head Screw
engine speeds. 3. Primary Spring 14. Secondary Lever Spring
4. Expansion Plug 15. Secondary Pivot Pin
5. Secondary Diaphragm Spring 16. Secondary Lever
Whenever the engine is operating, the vacuum 6. Primary Lever Assembly Assembly
diaphragm (10) is down against the floor (H) and the 7. Fillister Head Screw 17. Adjustment Screw
spring (11) is compressed. The idle and starting 8. Primary Pivot Pin 18. Pan Head Screw
adjustment is made with a tamper-resistant screw (17) 9. Torx Head Screw 19. Expansion Plug
10. Vac Lock Diaphragm 20. Diaphragm Gasket
which regulates the whisker wire system (not shown), Assembly 21. Split Lock Washer
opening up the secondary orifice slightly (but only 11. Vac Lock Spring
when the vacuum diaphragm is drawn down). Very
Figure 5A-20.
little vacuum is needed to start this vacuum
diaphragm travel: 0.2 in. Mercury to start and 0.5 in.
Mercury for full travel. The instant the engine stops
rotating, loss of vacuum in section (D) releases
diaphragm (10) causing bumper (K) to push against
secondary lever (16), overcoming action of whisker
wire and ensuring 100% lock-off.

This patented Beam design will lock off primary

pressures up to five times in excess of normal and
permits starting without priming or choking.

5A.10
 Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

Nikki Regulator Primary Chamber Nikki Regulator Secondary Chamber

(See Figure 5A-21) (See Figure 5A-22)
The primary chamber reduces the high pressure fuel The secondary chamber further reduces the fuel
flow from the tank and vaporizer down to pressure from the 29 kPa (4 psi) of the primary
approximately 4 psi. Fuel flowing from the vaporizer chamber to near 0 kPa (0 psi) pressure, to prevent
enters the inlet of the regulator under approximately excessive fuel flow to the carburetor. Fuel enters the
76 kPa (11 psi) of pressure. There it is delivered to the secondary chamber (13) through the clearance
primary chamber (3) through the clearance between between the secondary valve (11) and the valve seat
the primary valve (1) and valve seat (2). As fuel (12). While the engine is operating, and fuel is being
continues to flow and the primary chamber drawn from the secondary chamber, the secondary
approaches 29 kPa (4 psi), the primary diaphragm (4) diaphragm (14) is raised by atmospheric pressure,
overcomes the tension of the diaphragm spring (5). As simultaneously lifting the secondary valve lever (16),
the diaphragm (4) and contact button (6) move up, the opening the secondary valve (11), allowing fuel to
primary lever spring (8) pushes the primary lever (7) flow. When the engine is running at idle, there may
up, in turn closing the primary valve (1) and stopping not be enough vacuum created in the carburetor
the flow of fuel. As fuel is consumed and the pressure venturi to overcome the tension of the secondary
in the primary chamber drops below 29 kPa (4 psi), the diaphragm spring (15), and the secondary diaphragm
diaphragm spring (5) tension will be greater than the cannot open the valve. Under those conditions, the 5A
fuel pressure, causing the primary diaphragm (4) to be idle adjusting screw (18), and balance spring (19) are
pushed down. This causes the contact button (6), to used to apply just enough pressure on the diaphragm
push the primary lever (7) down, in turn opening the (14) to maintain sufficient fuel flow for idle operation.
primary valve (1) and admitting more fuel. In this
manner, the pressure within the primary chamber is The vacuum lock-off mechanism is located in the
maintained at a relatively constant 29 kPa (4 psi). secondary chamber. When the engine is running,
manifold vacuum above the diaphragm (17) draws it
9 up, so the secondary valve can function normally.
7
5 4 1 When the engine is stopped, manifold vacuum is
6 terminated, and the diaphragm relaxes and pushes
3 down on the secondary valve lever, preventing any
2 fuel flow or leakage through the regulator.
From Primary To Intake
Fuel 17
Chamber Manifold
8 Inlet 12
To Secondary Chamber 11
1. Primary Valve 6. Contact Button
2. Primary Valve Seat 7. Primary Valve Lever
3. Primary Chamber 8. Primary Lever Spring
4. Primary Diaphragm 9. Primary Pressure 13
5. Primary Diaphragm Spring Adjustment
19
To 18 15 16
Figure 5A-21. Primary Chamber. Carburetor
14
11. Secondary Valve 16. Secondary Valve Lever
12. Secondary Valve Seat 17. Vacuum Lock-Off
13. Secondary Chamber Diaphragm
14. Secondary Diaphragm 18. Idle Adjust Screw
15. Secondary Diaphragm Spring 19. Balance Spring
Figure 5A-22. Secondary Chamber.

5A.11
Section 5A
LPG Fuel Systems

Preventative Maintenance Regulator Service

The regulator is preset at the factory and generally
requires no further adjustment. No periodic service is
required. Over time, depending on fuel quality,
operating environment, and system performance, fuel
deposits can accumulate inside the regulator. Those
regulators containing a drain plug (Nikki) should be
drained every 500 hours to remove any accumulated
deposits. See Figure 5A-23.
Every 1500 hours it is recommended that
disassembly, cleaning, and resetting of the regulator
be performed using the regulator rebuilding kit
available. Specific instructions are included in the
rebuilding kit. Perform the regulator service
following the instructions provided. As all
adjustments and settings must be reset using specific
test equipment, this must be performed by qualified
LP personnel only.

Impco (Beam) Regulator Service

Kohler repair kit 24 757 40-S should be used to service
the regulator every 1500 hours, or whenever cleaning
and servicing is required.

Nikki Regulator Service

Kohler repair kit 24 757 39-S should be used every
1500 hours.

Regulator Drain Plug

Figure 5A-23. Regulator Drain Plug (Some Models).

1. Turn supply valve off, run engine out of fuel, and

turn off ignition switch.

2. Disconnect and ground the spark plug leads.

3. Remove the 1/8" pipe plug from bottom of

regulator and drain any accumulated deposits.
See Figure 5A-23.

4. Reinstall plug using pipe sealant with Teflon®

(Loctite® 592 or equivalent) on threads and
tighten securely. If required, a replacement plug
is available as Kohler Part No. X-75-23-S.

5A.12
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ȱ –™˜›Š—ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ˜Žœȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯ śǯŚ

(OHFWULFDO&RPSRQHQWV
ȱ •ŽŒ›˜—’Œȱ˜—›˜•ȱ—’ȱǻǼȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŚȬśǯś
ȱ —’—Žȱ™ŽŽȱŽ—œ˜›ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯ śǯŜ
ȱ ‘›˜Ĵ•Žȱ˜œ’’˜—ȱŽ—œ˜›ȱǻǼȱŠ—ȱ—’’Š•’£Š’˜—ȱ›˜ŒŽž›ŽœȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŝȬśǯŗŖ
ȱ —’—Žȱǻ’•ǼȱŽ–™Ž›Šž›ŽȱŽ—œ˜›ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŗŖȬśǯŗŗ
ȱ ¡¢Ž—ȱŽ—œ˜›ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŗŗȬśǯŗř
ȱ •ŽŒ›’ŒŠ•ȱŽ•Š¢ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŗřȬśǯŗŚ
ȱ žŽ•ȱ—“ŽŒ˜›œȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŗŚȬśǯŗŝ
ȱ —’’˜—ȱ¢œŽ–ǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŗŝȬśǯŗŞ
ȱ ™Š›”ȱ•žœȱȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯ śǯŗŞ
ȱ ’›’—ȱ
Š›—ŽœœȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŗŞȬśǯŗş
ȱ ŠĴŽ›¢ȱ‘Š›’—ȱ¢œŽ–ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯ śǯŗş

)XHO&RPSRQHQWV
ȱ žŽ•ȱž–™ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŗşȬśǯŘŖ
ȱ žŽ•ȱ›Žœœž›ŽȱŽž•Š˜›ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŘŖȬśǯŘŘ
ȱ žŽ•ȱ’•Ž›ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯ śǯŘŘ
ȱ žŽ•ȱŠ’•ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯ śǯŘŘ
ȱ žŽ•ȱ’—ŽȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŘŘȬśǯŘř
ȱ ‘›˜Ĵ•Žȱ˜¢Ȧ—Š”ŽȱŠ—’˜•ȱœœŽ–‹•¢ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯ śǯŘř
ȱ •Žȱ™ŽŽȱ“žœ–Ž—ȱǻǼȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŘřȬśǯŘŚ
ȱ —’’Š•ȱ ˜ŸŽ›—˜›ȱ“žœ–Ž—ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŘŚȬśǯŘŜ

7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ
ȱ ›˜ž‹•Žœ‘˜˜’—ȱ ž’Žȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯ śǯŘŜ
ȱ •ŽŒ›’ŒŠ•ȱ¢œŽ–ȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯśǯŘŝȬśǯřř
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ȱ ȱ Œǯȱ Ž™•ŠŒŽȱ‘Žȱ˜¡¢Ž—ȱœŽ—œ˜›ȱǻ™ŠŽȱśǯŗřǼǯȱž—ȱȱ
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ȱ ‘Žȱ™›Žœœž›ŽȱŠȱ‘Šȱ™˜’—ǯȱȱ’ȱ’œȱ˜˜ȱ•˜ ȱ‘Ž›Žȱȱ
ȱ Š•œ˜ǰȱ›Ž™•ŠŒŽȱ‘ŽȱžŽ•ȱ™ž–™ǯ

ȱ řǯȱ ȱ‘Žȱ™ž–™ȱ’ȱ—˜ȱŠŒ’ŸŠŽȱǻœŽ™ȱŘǼǰȱ’œŒ˜——ŽŒȱ
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ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ ȱ‘ŽȱŸ˜•ŠŽȱ Šœȱ‹Ž•˜ ȱŝǰȱŽœȱ‘Žȱ ’›’—ȱȱ *HQHUDO

ȱ ‘Š›—ŽœœȱŠ—ȱ›Ž•Š¢ȱŠœȱŒ˜ŸŽ›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱȁȁ•ŽŒ›’ŒŠ•ȱȱ
ȱ Ž•Š¢ȂȂȱœŽŒ’˜—ǯ
ȱ Śǯȱ ȱŸ˜•ŠŽȱŠȱ‘Žȱ™•žȱ Šœȱ˜˜ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž›Žȱ Šœȱ
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ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ȱ‘Žȱ™ž–™ȱœŠ›œǰȱ›Ž™ŽŠȱœŽ™œȱŗȱŠ—ȱŘȱ˜ȱȱ
ȱ ŸŽ›’¢ȱŒ˜››ŽŒȱ™›Žœœž›Žǯ
ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ ȱ‘Žȱ™ž–™ȱœ’••ȱ˜Žœȱ—˜ȱ˜™Ž›ŠŽǰȱ›Ž™•ŠŒŽȱ’ǯ
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ȱ ȱ ŠœŽȱž™˜—ȱ‘Žȱœ¢•Žȱ˜ȱ›Žž•Š˜›ȱžœŽȱǻœŽŽȱ
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ȱ –˜ž—’—ȱ‹›ŠŒ”Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Žž•Š˜›ȱ‘˜žœ’—ǯȱȱ
ȱ Ž–˜ŸŽȱ‘ŽȱȬ’—ȱŠ—ȱ™ž••ȱ‘Žȱ›Žž•Š˜›ȱ˜žȱȱ
ȱ ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‘˜žœ’—ǯ
ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ Ž–˜ŸŽȱ‘Žȱœ—Š™ȱ›’—ȱŠ—ȱ›Ž–˜ŸŽȱ›Žž•Š˜›ȱȱ
ȱ ›˜–ȱ‹ŠœŽȦ‘˜•Ž›ǯȱ
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ȱ ȱ —Ž›—Š•ȱǻ—ȬŠ—”ǼȱŽž•Š˜›ȱȬ
ȱ ȱ Ž–˜ŸŽȱ‘Žȱ‘›ŽŽȱœŒ›Ž œȱœŽŒž›’—ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŠ’—’—ȱ
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ȱ Ŝǯȱ Šǯȱ —œŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ—Ž ȱ›Žž•Š˜›ȱ‹¢ȱŒŠ›Žž••¢ȱ™žœ‘’—ȱȱ
ȱ Š—ȱ›˜Š’—ȱ’ȱœ•’‘•¢ȱ’—˜ȱ‘Žȱ‹ŠœŽȱ˜›ȱȱ ȱ
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ȱ ›ŽŠ’—’—ȱ›’—ȱ˜›ȱœŒ›Ž œǯȱŽȱŒŠ›Žž•ȱ—˜ȱ˜ȱŽ—ȱȱ
ȱ ˜›ȱŠ–ŠŽȱ‘Žȱ‹˜¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Žž•Š˜›ȱŠœȱȱ ȱ
ȱ ˜™Ž›Š’—ȱ™Ž›˜›–Š—ŒŽȱŒŠ—ȱ‹ŽȱŠěŽŒŽǯ

ȱ ŝǯȱ ŽŠœœŽ–‹•ŽȱŠ—¢ȱ™Š›œȱ›Ž–˜ŸŽȱ’—ȱœŽ™ȱřǯ

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Œ›Š—”ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—’—Žȱ˜›ȱŠ™™›˜¡’–ŠŽ•¢ȱřȱœŽŒ˜—œǯ
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ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ȱ‘Ž›Žȱ’œȱžŽ•ȱŠȱ‘Žȱ’™œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœ™Š›”ȱ™•žœǰȱȱ ȱ řǯȱ —¢ȱœ˜›ŽȱŠž•ȱŒ˜Žœȱ ’••ȱ‘Ž—ȱ‹Žȱ’œ™•Š¢ŽȱŠœȱŠȱ

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ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗǯȱ Š”Žȱœž›Žȱ‘ŽȱžŽ•ȱŠ—”ȱŒ˜—Š’—œȱŒ•ŽŠ—ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ȂœȱŠȱ˜˜ȱ’ŽŠȱ˜ȱ ›’Žȱ˜ —ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜ŽœȱŠœȱȱ

ȱ ȱ ›Žœ‘ǰȱ™›˜™Ž›ȱžŽ•ǯ ȱ ‘Ž¢ȱŠ™™ŽŠ›ǰȱŠœȱ‘Ž¢ȱ–Š¢ȱ—˜ȱ‹Žȱ’—ȱ—ž–Ž›’ŒŠ•ȱȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ řǯȱ Š”Žȱœž›ŽȱžŽ•ȱŠ—”ȱŸŠ•ŸŽȱǻ’ȱœ˜ȱŽšž’™™ŽǼȱȱ ȱ ’œ™•Š¢Žǰȱ’—’ŒŠ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—ȱ˜ȱŒ˜Žȱȱ ȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ ’—ǻœǼȱřȱŠ—Ȧ˜›ȱŘŗȱ˜›ȱȃřśȱ’—ȄȱǻȱŗǯŝǼȱ ȱȱśǯȱ ˜˜›ȱœ¢œŽ–ȱ›˜ž—ȱ›˜–ȱȱ˜ȱŽ—’—ŽǰȱŒŠžœ’—ȱȱ
ȱ ŽŠ•ȬŠœŽȱǯ ›’Œ‘ȱ›ž——’—ȱ ‘’•Žȱ’—’ŒŠ’—ȱ•ŽŠ—ǯ
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ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ Ȭ˜Ȭ‘Š›—ŽœœȱŒ˜——ŽŒ’˜—ȱ™›˜‹•Ž–ǯ

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˜ž›ŒŽDZȱȱ ȱ ¡¢Ž—ȱŽ—œ˜› ȱ ǯ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ Š—ȱžŽ•ȱŽĜŒ’Ž—Œ¢ǯ
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ȱ ǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ’—ȱŗŗȱ˜›ȱȃŘŚȱ’—ȄȱǻȱŗǯŖǼȱ•Šœ’ŒȬŠœŽȱȱ ȱ śǯȱ ¢œŽ–œȱŽ•ŠŽ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ ’—ȱŘŖȱ˜›ȱȃřŘȱ’—ȄȱǻȱŗǯŗǼȱ•Šœ’ŒȬŠœŽȱȱ ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ žŽ•ȱǻžŽ•ȱ¢™ŽȦšžŠ•’¢ǰȱ’—“ŽŒ˜›ǰȱžŽ•ȱ™ž–™ǰȱȱ
ȱ ǯ ȱ žŽ•ȱȱ ™›Žœœž›Žǯ
ȱ ȱ Œǯȱ ˜–‹žœ’˜—ȱŠ’›ȱǻŠ’›ȱŒ•ŽŠ—Ž›ȱ’›¢Ȧ›Žœ›’ŒŽǰȱȱ
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ȱ ™›Žœœž›Žǯ ˜œœ’‹•ŽȱŠžœŽœDZ
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¡™•Š—Š’˜—DZȱ ˜ȱœŽ—’—ȱ™›˜™Ž›ȱœ’—Š•ȱ˜ȱǯ ȱ ŗǯȱ ȱŽ•ŠŽ
¡™ŽŒŽȱ—’—Ž ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ȱ›˜ŠŽȱ˜—ȱ‘›˜Ĵ•Žȱœ‘ŠĞȱŠœœŽ–‹•¢ȱ‹Ž¢˜—ȱȱ
Žœ™˜—œŽDZȱ ȱ —’—Žȱ–Š¢ȱ‹Žȱ‘Š›ȱ˜ȱœŠ›ȱ‹ŽŒŠžœŽȱȱ ȱ Š••˜ Š‹•Žȱ›Š—Žǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱŒŠ—ȂȱŽŽ›–’—ŽȱŒ˜››ŽŒȱžŽ•ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ ȱ‹Šǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ –’¡ž›Žǯ
ȱ Řǯȱ —’—Žȱ’›’—ȱ
Š›—ŽœœȱŽ•ŠŽ
˜œœ’‹•ŽȱŠžœŽœDZ ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ›˜”Ž—ȱ˜›ȱœ‘˜›Žȱ ’›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Š›—Žœœǯ
ȱ ŗǯȱ Ž–™Ž›Šž›ŽȱŽ—œ˜›ȱŽ•ŠŽǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ™’—ȱŗŞȱ˜ȱȱ™’—ȱŗǯ
ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ Ž—œ˜›ȱ ’›’—ȱ˜›ȱŒ˜——ŽŒ’˜—ǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ™’—ȱŚȱ˜ȱȱ™’—ȱŘǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ™’—ȱŞȱ˜ȱȱ™’—ȱřǯ
ȱ Řǯȱ —’—Žȱ’›’—ȱ
Š›—ŽœœȱŽ•ŠŽȱ
ȃřśȱ’—ȄȱǻȱŗǯŝǼȱŽŠ•ȬŠœŽȱDZ ȱ řǯȱ ‘›˜Ĵ•Žȱ˜¢ȱŽ•ŠŽ
ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ’—ȱŒ’›Œž’œȱŗŚȱŠ—Ȧ˜›ȱŘŝȱŠ–ŠŽȱǻ ’›Žœǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ‘›˜Ĵ•Žȱœ‘ŠĞȱ’—œ’Žȱȱ ˜›—ǰȱ‹›˜”Ž—ǰȱ˜›ȱȱ
ȱ Œ˜——ŽŒ˜›œǼȱ˜›ȱ›˜žŽȱ—ŽŠ›ȱ—˜’œ¢ȱœ’—Š•ȱǻŒ˜’•œǰȱȱ ȱ Š–ŠŽǯ
ȱ Š•Ž›—Š˜›ǰȱŽŒǯǼǯ ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ ‘›˜Ĵ•Žȱ™•ŠŽȱ•˜˜œŽȱ˜›ȱ–’œŠ•’—Žǯ
ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ Ȭ˜Ȭ‘Š›—ŽœœȱŒ˜——ŽŒ’˜—ȱ™›˜‹•Ž–ǯ ȱ ȱ Œǯȱ ‘›˜Ĵ•Žȱ™•ŠŽȱ‹Ž—ȱ˜›ȱŠ–ŠŽȱŠ••˜ ’—ȱŽ¡›Šȱȱ
ȱ Š’›Ě˜ ȱ™Šœǰȱ˜›ȱ›Žœ›’Œ’—ȱ–˜ŸŽ–Ž—ǯ
ȱ Řǯȱ —’—Žȱ’›’—ȱ
Š›—ŽœœȱŽ•ŠŽȱ
ȃŘŚȱ’—ȄȱǻȱŗǯŖǼȱ•Šœ’ŒȬŠœŽȱDZ ȱ Śǯȱ ȱŽ•ŠŽ
ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ’—ȱŒ’›Œž’œȱŚǰȱŜȱŠ—Ȧ˜›ȱŚȱŠ–ŠŽȱǻ ’›Žœǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ’›Œž’ȱ™›˜Ÿ’’—ȱŸ˜•ŠŽȱ˜›ȱ›˜ž—ȱ˜ȱȱȱ
ȱ Œ˜——ŽŒ˜›œǼȱ˜›ȱ›˜žŽȱ—ŽŠ›ȱ—˜’œ¢ȱœ’—Š•ȱǻŒ˜’•œǰȱȱ ȱ Š–ŠŽǯ
ȱ Š•Ž›—Š˜›ǰȱŽŒǯǼǯ ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ ȱœ’—Š•ȱ’—™žȱŒ’›Œž’ȱŠ–ŠŽǯ
ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ Ȭ˜Ȭ‘Š›—ŽœœȱŒ˜——ŽŒ’˜—ȱ™›˜‹•Ž–ǯ

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ȱȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ¡¢Ž—ȱœŽ—œ˜›ȱ‹Šǯ ȱ ŗǯȱ —“ŽŒ˜›ȱŽ•ŠŽ
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ȱȱ ȱ Œǯȱ žĝŽ›ȱ•ŽŠ”ȱǻŒŠžœ’—ȱŘȱœŽ—œ˜›ȱ˜ȱŠ•œŽ•¢ȱȱ
ȱ ’—’ŒŠŽȱŠȱ•ŽŠ—ȱŒ˜—’’˜—Ǽǯ ȱ Řǯȱ —’—Žȱ’›’—ȱ
Š›—ŽœœȱŽ•ŠŽ
ȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ Šȱ›˜ž—ȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱȱŠ—ȱŽ—’—Žǯ ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ›˜”Ž—ȱ˜›ȱœ‘˜›Žȱ ’›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Š›—Žœœǯȱȱ™’—ȱȱ
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Žœ™˜—œŽDZȱ ȱ —’—Žȱ ’••ȱ›ž—ȱŸŽ›¢ȱ™˜˜›•¢ȱ ’‘ȱ˜—•¢ȱȱ ȱ ›Ž–Š’—œȱ˜™Ž—ǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ˜—ŽȱŒ¢•’—Ž›ȱž—Œ’˜—’—ǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ›’–Š›¢ȱœ’Žȱ™’—ȱŞśȱ˜ȱ™’—ȱŞŜȱ’œȱ˜™Ž—ȱ˜›ȱȱ ȱ
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˜œœ’‹•ŽȱŠžœŽœDZ ȱ ”Ž¢Ȭ˜ěȱ‘Ž—ȱ”Ž¢Ȭ˜—ȱŒ˜ŽȱśŜȱ ˜ž•ȱ‹ŽȱœŽȱŠ•œ˜ǯ
ȱ ŗǯȱ —“ŽŒ˜›ȱŽ•ŠŽ
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ȱ Řǯȱ —’—Žȱ’›’—ȱ
Š›—ŽœœȱŽ•ŠŽ ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ ’›Œž’ȱŒ˜—›˜••’—ȱžŽ•ȱ™ž–™ȱ›Ž•Š¢ȱŠ–ŠŽǯ
ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ›˜”Ž—ȱ˜›ȱœ‘˜›Žȱ ’›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Š›—Žœœǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ™’—ȱŗŚȱ˜ȱ’—“ŽŒ˜›ȱ™’—ȱŘǯȱȱ™’—ȱŘŞȱ˜ȱȱ ˜ŽDZȱ ȱ ȱ śśȱ ȈřŘȱ’—ȈȱǻȱŗǯŗǼȱ•Šœ’ŒȬȱ
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ȱ ‘Ž—ȱ”Ž¢Ȭ˜—ȱŒ˜ŽȱśŜȱ ˜ž•ȱ‹ŽȱœŽȱŠ•œ˜ǯȱžŽ•ȱȱ ˜ž›ŒŽDZȱȱ ȱ ȱǻ’Š—˜œ’Œȱ•Š–™ǼȱŒ’›Œž’ȱ˜™Ž—ǰȱȱ
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ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ŠȱžŽ•ȱ™ž–™ȱ›Ž•Š¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ œ‘˜›Žȱ˜ȱ‹ŠĴŽ›¢ǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ›’–Š›¢ȱœ’Žȱž—Œ’˜—Š•ȱ‹žȱ™’—ȱřŖȱ˜ȱ™’—ȱŞŝȱȱ ¡™ŽŒŽȱ—’—Ž
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ȱ ˜™Ž›Š’˜—ǯȱ˜ŽDZȱŠĞŽ›ȱ”Ž¢Ȭ˜ěȱ‘Ž—ȱ”Ž¢Ȭ˜—ȱȱ
ȱ Œ˜ŽȱśŜȱ ˜ž•ȱ‹ŽȱœŽȱŠ•œ˜ǯ ˜œœ’‹•ŽȱŠžœŽœDZ
ȱ ŗǯȱ ȱǻ’Š—˜œ’Œȱ•Š–™ǼȱŽ•ŠŽ
ȱ Śǯȱ ȱŽ•ŠŽ ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ȱŽ•Ž–Ž—ȱ˜™Ž—Žȱ˜›ȱŽ•Ž–Ž—ȱœ‘˜›Žȱ˜ȱȱ
ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ’›Œž’ȱŒ˜—›˜••’—ȱ’—“ŽŒ˜›ȱǛŗȱŠ–ŠŽǯ ȱ ›˜ž—ǯ
ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ ’›Œž’ȱŒ˜—›˜••’—ȱžŽ•ȱ™ž–™ȱ›Ž•Š¢ȱŠ–ŠŽǯ ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ Š–™ȱ–’œœ’—ǯ

˜ŽDZȱȱ ȱ ȱ śŘȱ ȈřŘȱ’—ȈȱǻȱŗǯŗǼȱ•Šœ’ŒȬȱ ȱ Řǯȱ —’—Žȱ’›’—ȱ

Š›—ŽœœȱŽ•ŠŽ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŠœŽȱȱ˜—•¢ǯ ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ›˜”Ž—ȱ˜›ȱœ‘˜›Žȱ ’›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Š›—Žœœǯ
˜ž›ŒŽDZȱȱ ȱ —“ŽŒ˜›ȱǛŘȱŒ’›Œž’ȱ˜™Ž—ǰȱœ‘˜›Žȱ˜ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ™’—ȱŘşȱ˜ȱ•Š–™ȱ˜™Ž—ȱ˜›ȱœ‘˜›Žǯ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ ˜—ŽȱŒ¢•’—Ž›ȱž—Œ’˜—’—ǯ ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ’›Œž’ȱŒ˜—›˜••’—ȱ•Š–™ȱŠ–ŠŽǯ

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ȱ ȱ ȱ žŽ•ȱ™ž–™ȱ›Ž•Š¢ȱŒ’›Œž’ȱ’œȱŽ’‘Ž›ȱ˜™Ž—ǰȱȱ Š—ȱŠ—¢ȱœ’—Š•ŽȱŠž•ȱŒ˜Žœǰȱ¢˜žȱœ‘˜ž•ȱ‹ŽȱŠ‹•Žȱ˜ȱ
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 Section 7
Retractable Starter

WARNING: Spring Under Tension!

Retractable starters contain a powerful, recoil spring that is under tension. Always wear safety goggles when servicing
retractable starters and carefully follow instructions in this section for relieving spring tension.

To Remove Starter Hex Starter Housing

1. Remove the five hex flange screws securing the
Flange
starter to the blower housing. Handle with
Screws
Rope Retainer
2. Remove the starter.

To Install Starter
1. Install the retractable starter onto the blower Spring and
housing, leaving the five hex flange screws Rope
slightly loose.
Keeper 7
Pulley
2. Pull the starter handle out until the pawls
engage in the drive cup. Hold the handle in this Pawl Springs
position and tighten the screws securely.
Pawls
Brake Washer
Rope Replacement
The rope can be replaced without complete starter Brake Spring Pawl Retainer
disassembly.

1. Remove the starter from the blower housing. Plain Washer

Center Screw
2. Pull the rope out approximately 12 in. and tie a
temporary (slip) knot in it to keep it from
retracting into the starter. See Figure 7-2. Drive Cup

Figure 7-1. Retractable Starter - Exploded View.

7.1
Section 7
Retractable Starter
Slipknot
Handle
Knot
Rope Retainer
Figure 7-2. Removing Starter Handle.
3. Remove the rope retainer from inside the starter
handle. Untie the single knot and remove the
rope retainer and handle.
4. Hold the pulley firmly and untie the slipknot.
Allow the pulley to rotate slowly as the spring
tension is released.
5. When all spring tension on the starter pulley is
released, remove the rope from the pulley.
6. Tie a single knot in one end of the new rope.
7. Rotate the pulley counterclockwise (when
viewed from pawl side of pulley) until the spring
is tight (approximately 6 full turns of pulley).
8. Rotate the pulley clockwise until the rope hole in
the pulley is aligned with the rope guide bushing
of the starter housing.
NOTE: Do not allow the pulley/spring to
unwind. Enlist the aid of a helper if
necessary, or use a C-clamp to hold the
pulley in position.
9. Insert the new rope through the rope hole in the
starter pulley and the rope guide bushing of the
housing. See Figure 7-3.
7.2
Keep Pulley Rope
from Rotating Guide
Bushing
Rope Hole
in Pulley
Figure 7-3. Installing Rope.
10. Tie a slipknot approximately 12 in. from the free
end of rope. Hold the pulley firmly and allow it
to rotate slowly until the slipknot reaches the
guide bushing of the housing.
11. Slip the handle and rope retainer onto the rope.
Tie a single knot at the end of the rope. Install the
rope retainer into the starter handle.
12. Untie the slipknot and pull on the handle until
the rope is fully extended. Slowly retract the rope
into the starter. When the spring is properly
tensioned, the rope will retract fully and the
handle will stop against the starter housing.
Pawls (Dogs) Replacement
To replace the pawls, follow disassembly steps 1-4
and reassembly steps 3-8 on the following pages. A
pawl repair kit is available which includes the
following components:
Qty. Description
1 Pawl Retainer
1 Center Screw
2 Pawl (Dog) Spring
1 Brake Spring
2 Starter Pawl (Dog)
1 Brake Washer
1 Washer
 Section 7
Retractable Starter

Disassembly

WARNING: Spring Under Tension! Brake Spring and

Do not remove the center screw from the starter until the spring Brake Washer
tension is released. Removing the center screw before releasing
spring tension, or improper starter disassembly, can cause the
sudden and potentially dangerous release of the spring. Follow
these instructions carefully to ensure personal safety and
proper starter disassembly. Make sure adequate face protection
Pawl Spring
is worn by all persons in the area. Pawls

1. Release the spring tension and remove the

handle and the starter rope. (Refer to “Rope
Replacement,” steps 2 through 5 on pages 7.1 and
Figure 7-5. Brake Spring and Washer, Pawls, and
7.2.)
Pawl Springs.
2. Remove the center screw, washer, and pawl
5. Rotate the pulley clockwise 2 full turns. This will
retainer. See Figure 7-4.
ensure the spring is disengaged from the starter
housing.
3. Remove the brake spring and the brake washer.
See Figure 7-5.
6. Hold the pulley in the starter housing. Invert the
pulley/housing so the pulley is away from your
4. Carefully note the positions of the pawls and
face, and away from others in the area.
pawl springs before removing them.
7. Rotate the pulley slightly from side to side and 7
Remove the pawls and pawl springs from the
carefully separate the pulley from the housing.
starter pulley.
See Figure 7-6.

If the pulley and the housing do not separate

Center Screw
Pawl Retainer easily, the spring could be engaged in the starter
and Washer
housing, or there is still tension on the spring.
Return the pulley to the housing and repeat step
5 before separating the pulley and housing.

Housing

Pulley

Figure 7-4. Center Screw, Washer and Pawl

Retainer.

Figure 7-6. Removing Pulley from Housing.

7.3
Section 7
Retractable Starter
8. Note the position of the spring and keeper Reassembly
assembly in the pulley. See Figure 7-7. 1. Make sure the spring is well lubricated with
grease. Place the spring and keeper assembly
Remove the spring and keeper assembly from the inside the pulley (with spring towards pulley).
pulley as a package. See Figure 7-7.

WARNING: Spring Under Tension! 2. Install the pulley assembly into the starter
Do not remove the spring from the keeper. Severe personal housing. See Figure 7-8. Make sure the pulley is
injury could result from the sudden uncoiling of the spring. fully seated against the starter housing. Do not
wind the pulley and recoil spring at this time.
Rope Hole
Outer Spring Hook in Pulley

Pulley & Spring

Housing
Spring &
Keeper
Figure 7-7. Position of Spring and Keeper in Pulley.
Figure 7-8. Installing Pulley and Spring into
Inspection and Service Housing.
1. Carefully inspect the rope, pawls, housing, center
3. Install the pawl springs and pawls into the
screw, and other components for wear or
starter pulley. See Figure 7-9.
damage.

2. Replace all worn or damaged components. Use

only genuine Kohler replacement parts as Pawl
specified in the Parts Manual. All components
shown in Figure 7-1 are available as service
parts. Do not use nonstandard parts.

3. Do not attempt to rewind a spring that has come

out of the keeper. Order and install a new spring
and keeper assembly.
Pawl Spring
4. Clean all old grease and dirt from the starter
components. Generously lubricate the spring and
center shaft with any commercially available
bearing grease. Figure 7-9. Installing Pawls and Pawl Springs.

7.4

4. Place the brake washer in the recess in starter
pulley; over the center shaft.
5. Lubricate the brake spring sparingly with
grease. Place the spring on the plain washer.
Make sure the threads in the center shaft remain
clean, dry, and free of grease and oil.
Section 7
Retractable Starter
7. Tension the spring and install the rope and
handle as instructed in steps 6 through 12 under
“Rope Replacement” on page 7.2.
8. Install the starter to the engine blower housing
as instructed in “To Install Starter” on page 7.1.

6. Apply a small amount of Loctite® No. 271 to the

threads of the center screw. Install the center
screw with the washer and retainer to the
center shaft. Torque the screw to 7.4-8.5 N·m
(65-75 in. lb.).

7.5
Section 7
Retractable Starter

7.6
 Section 8
Electrical System and Components

Section 8
Electrical System and Components

This section covers the operation, service, and repair
of the electrical system components. Systems and
components covered in this section are:
• Spark Plugs
• Battery and Charging System
• Electronic Ignition Systems (CD and DSAI)
• Electric Starter
Spark Plugs
Engine misfire or starting problems are often caused
by a spark plug that has improper gap or is in poor
condition.
The engine is equipped with the following spark
plugs:
NOTE: Do not clean spark plug in a machine
using abrasive grit. Some grit could
remain in the spark plug and enter the
engine causing extensive wear and
damage.
3. Check the gap using a wire feeler gauge. Adjust
the gap to 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) for all except NG
CD Fixed or 0.51 mm (0.020 in.) for NG CD Fixed,
by carefully bending the ground electrode. See
Figure 8-1.
Wire Gauge
Spark Plug

Type: The standard spark plug is a Champion®

RC12YC (Kohler Part No. 12 132 02-S).
Natural gas (NG) or RFI compliant engines 8
use Champion® XC12YC (Kohler 25 132 14-S)
spark plug. A high-performance spark plug,
Champion® Platinum 3071 (used on Pro Series
engines, Kohler Part No. 25 132 12-S) is also
available. Equivalent alternate brand plugs
can also be used.
Gap: 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) all except NG CD Fixed
0.51 mm (0.020 in.) NG CD Fixed
Ground
Thread Size: 14 mm
Electrode Gap
Reach: 19.1 mm (3/4 in.)
Hex Size: 15.9 mm (5/8 in.) Figure 8-1. Servicing Spark Plug.
Spark Plug Service 4. Reinstall the spark plug into the cylinder head
Every 200 hours of operation, remove each spark and torque to 24.4-29.8 N·m (18-22 ft. lb.).
plug. Check its condition and either reset the gap or
replace with a new plug as necessary. To service the Inspection
plugs, perform the following steps: Inspect each spark plug as it is removed from
the cylinder head. The deposits on the tip are an
1. Before removing each spark plug, clean the area indication of the general condition of the piston rings,
around the base of the plug to keep dirt and valves, and carburetor.
debris out of the engine.
Normal and fouled plugs are shown in the following
2. Remove the plug and check its condition. See photos:
“Inspection” following this procedure. Replace
the plug if necessary.

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Section 8
Electrical System and Components
The pulse generated by the input coil of the ignition
module (L1, Figure 8-5) is fed to the input of the
conditioning circuit. The conditioning circuit shapes
this pulse, putting it in a useable form for the
additional circuits. This pulse starts the charge pump,
which charges a capacitor in a linear fashion that can
be directly related to the engine speed. At the same
time the pulse resets the delay circuit for length of the
pulse width. The comparator is off during this period
and no output is generated. As soon as the original
pulse drops back to zero, the capacitor in the delay
circuit begins to charge.
When the charge on the delay capacitor exceeds the
charge on the charge pump capacitor the comparator
changes state, activating the pulse generator.
This pulse turns “ON” the CD ignition module
semiconductor. Energy is then transferred to the
secondary of the output transformer (T1, Figure 8-5).
The high voltage pulse generated here is delivered
to the spark plug, causing arcing of the spark gap
and igniting the fuel-air mixture in the combustion
chamber. As the trigger pulse is generated, all
associated circuits are reset, their capacitors
discharged. The longer it takes the delay circuit to
surpass the charge pump capacitor voltage, the later
the trigger pulse will occur, retarding the timing
accordingly.
Troubleshooting CD Ignition Systems
The CD ignition systems are designed to be trouble
free for the life of the engine. Other than periodically
checking/replacing the spark plugs, no maintenance
or timing adjustments are necessary or possible.
Mechanical systems do occasionally fail or break
down however, so the following troubleshooting
information is provided to help you get to the root of
a reported problem.
CAUTION: High-Energy Electric Spark!
The CD ignition systems produce a high-energy electric
spark, but the spark must be discharged, or damage to the
system can result. Do not crank or run an engine with a
spark plug lead disconnected. Always provide a path for the
spark to discharge to ground.
Reported ignition problems are most often due to
poor connections. Before beginning the test procedure,
check all external wiring. Be certain all ignition-related
wires are connected, including the spark plug leads.
Be certain all terminal connections fit snugly. Make
sure the ignition switch is in the run position.
8.8
NOTE: The CD ignition systems are sensitive to
excessive load on the kill lead. If a customer
complains of hard starting, low power,
or misfire under load, it may be due to
excessive draw on the kill circuit. Perform the
appropriate test procedure.
Test Procedure for SMART-SPARKTM Ignition
Systems
The following procedures are provided for
troubleshooting ignition problems on SMART-
SPARK™ equipped engines. They will allow you to
isolate and pinpoint the failed component(s).
Special Tools Required:
• Hand Tachometer
• Tester* (see Section 2)
• Automotive timing light
• Multi-meter (digital)
Specifications Required:
• Spark plug gap 0.76 mm (0.030 in.)
• Ignition module air gap 0.28/0.33 mm
(0.011-0.013 in.), 0.30 mm (0.012 in.) nominal
*NOTE: Ignition tester (see Section 2) must be used
to test ignition on these engines. Use of
any other tester can result in inaccurate
findings. Battery on unit must be fully
charged and properly connected before
making any of these tests (a battery that is
hooked up or charged backward will crank
the engine, but it won’t have spark). Be sure
drive is in neutral and all external loads
are disconnected. drive is in neutral and all
external loads are disconnected.
Test 1. Isolate and verify the trouble is within the
engine ignition system.
1. Locate the plug connectors where the wiring
harnesses from the engine and equipment are
joined. Separate the connectors and remove the
white “kill” lead from the engine connector.
Rejoin the connectors and position or insulate
the kill lead terminal so it cannot touch ground.
Try to start** the engine to verify whether the
reported problem is still present.
a. If the problem is gone, the electrical system on
the unit is suspect. Check the key switch,
wires, connections, safety interlocks, etc.
 Section 8
Electrical System and Components
b. If the problem persists the condition is Test 3. Check for timing advance.
associated with the ignition or electrical
system of the engine. Leave the kill lead
isolated until all testing is completed.

**NOTE: If the engine starts or runs during any of

the testing, you may need to ground the
kill lead to shut it down. Because you have
interrupted the kill circuit, it may not stop
using the switch.

Test 2. Test for spark.

1. With the engine stopped, disconnect one spark
plug lead. Connect the spark plug lead to post
terminal of spark tester (see Section 2), and attach
tester clip to a good engine ground.
Figure 8-8.
NOTE: If two testers are available, testing can be
performed simultaneously for both cylinders. 1. Make a line near the edge of the flywheel screen
However, if only one tester is available, two with a marking pen or narrow tape.
individual tests must be performed. The side
not being tested must have the spark plug 2. Connect an automotive timing light to cylinder
lead connected or grounded. Do not crank that had good spark.
the engine or perform tests with one spark
plug lead disconnected and not grounded or
permanent system damage may occur.

2. Crank the engine over, establishing a minimum

of 550-600 RPM, and observe tester(s) for spark. 8
3. On a twin cylinder engine, repeat the spark test
on the opposite cylinder if cylinders are being
tested individually.

a. If both cylinders have good spark, but the

engine runs poorly, install new spark plugs
gapped at 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) and retest
engine performance. If problem persists, go Figure 8-9.
to Test 3.
3. Run the engine at idle and use the timing light
b. If one cylinder had good spark, but the beam to locate the line on the screen. Draw a line
other cylinder had no spark or intermittent on the blower housing adjacent to the line on the
spark, go to Test 3. screen. Accelerate to full throttle and watch for
movement of the line on the screen relative to the
c. If there was no spark or intermittent spark line on the blower housing. If both cylinders had
on both cylinders, go to Test 4. good spark, repeat the test on the other cylinder.

a. If the line on the screen moved away from

the line on the blower housing during
acceleration, the SAM is working properly. If
it didn’t move away, go to Test 5.

8.9
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ȱ ŠžŽȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ‘Žȱ–Š—ŽȱŠ—ȱŠ••ȱȱ ȱ
ȱ ‘›ŽŽȱ•Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–˜ž•Žǯȱ‘Žȱ’—’’˜—ȱȱ
ȱ –˜ž•ŽȱŠ’›ȱŠ™ȱ’œȱŒ›’’ŒŠ•ȱ˜ȱ™›˜™Ž›ȱȱ ȱ
ȱ œ¢œŽ–ȱ™Ž›˜›–Š—ŒŽǯȱ˜ȱ—˜ȱŠĴŽ–™ȱ˜ȱȱ
ȱ œŽȱ’ȱ ’‘ȱŠȱ‹žœ’—ŽœœȱŒŠ›ȱ˜›ȱ˜•Žȱȱ ȱ
ȱ –’Œ›˜ęŒ‘ŽȱŒŠ›ǰȱžœŽȱ‘ŽȱŽŽ•Ž›ȱŠžŽȱȱȱ
ȱ œ™ŽŒ’ꮍǯȱ
ȱ ȱ śǼȱȱ˜˜œŽ—ȱ‘Žȱ–˜ž—’—ȱœŒ›Ž œǰȱŠ••˜ ȱȱ ȱ
ȱ ‘Žȱ–Š—Žȱ˜ȱ™ž••ȱ‘Žȱ–˜ž•Žȱ˜ —ȱȱȱ
ȱ ŠŠ’—œȱ‘ŽȱŽŽ•Ž›ȱŠžŽǰȱŠ—ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ‹ǯȱ
ȱ ›Ž’‘Ž—ȱ‘Žȱ–˜ž—’—ȱœŒ›Ž œǯ
ȱ ȱ ŜǼȱ ˜ŠŽȱ‘ŽȱĚ¢ ‘ŽŽ•ȱ˜ȱ›Ž–˜ŸŽȱ‘ŽȱŽŽ•Ž›ȱȱ
ȱ ŠžŽǰȱ™˜œ’’˜—ȱ‘Žȱ–Š—Žȱ‹ŠŒ”ȱž—Ž›ȱȱ
ȱ ‘Žȱ–˜ž•ŽǰȱŠ—ȱ›ŽŒ‘ŽŒ”ȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ œ™ŽŒ’ꮍȱŠ™ǰȱ–’—’–ž–ȱ˜ȱŖǯŘŞȱ––ȱȱ ȱ
ȱ ǻŖǯŖŗŗȱ’—ǯǼȱŽ¡’œœȱž—Ž›ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱ•Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȱ
ȱ –˜ž•Žǯȱ‘Ž—ȱ¢˜žȱŠ›ŽȱŒŽ›Š’—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ™ȱȱ
ȱ ’œȱŒ˜››ŽŒǰȱ˜›šžŽȱ‘Žȱ–˜ž•Žȱ–˜ž—’—ȱȱ
ȱ œŒ›Ž œȱ˜ȱŚǯŖȱȉ–ȱǻřśȱ’—ǯȱ•‹ǯǼǯȱ—ȱŠȱ ’—ȱȱ
ȱ Œ¢•’—Ž›ȱŽ—’—Žǰȱ›Ž™ŽŠȱ‘ŽœŽȱŜȱœŽ™œȱ˜ȱȱ
ȱ œŽȱ‘Žȱ˜™™˜œ’Žȱœ’Žȱ’—’’˜—ȱ–˜ž•Žǯ
ȱ Ŝǯȱ ŽŠĴŠŒ‘ȱ‘Žȱ•ŽŠȱ ’›Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’—’’˜—ȱ–˜ž•ŽǻœǼǰȱ
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ȱ ȱ Šǯȱ ȱŠȱœ›˜—ǰȱœŽŠ¢ȱœ™Š›”ȱ’œȱ—˜ ȱ™›ŽœŽ—ȱȱ ȱ
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ȱ œ‘˜ž•ȱ‹ŽȱŒ˜››ŽŒŽǯȱ ˜ȱ˜ȱœŽ™ȱŚȱ˜ȱŽœȱśǯ
ȱ ‹ǯȱ ȱ‘Ž›Žȱ’œȱœ’••ȱŠȱœ™Š›”ȱ™›˜‹•Ž–ǰȱ™Ž›˜›–ȱŠ••ȱȱȱ
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Œ˜——ŽŒ’˜—œǰȱ˜›ȱŠž•¢ȱŒ’›Œž’œǯ
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ȱ ȱ ȕȱ
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 Section 9
Disassembly

Section 9
Disassembly

WARNING: Accidental Starts!

Disabling engine. Accidental starting can cause severe injury or death. Before working on the engine or equipment,
disable the engine as follows: 1) Disconnect the spark plug lead(s). 2) Disconnect negative (-) battery cable from battery.

General 20. Remove grass screen and fan.

Clean all parts thoroughly as the engine is 21. Remove flywheel.
disassembled. Only clean parts can be accurately 22. Remove stator and backing plates.
inspected and gauged for wear or damage. There are 23. Remove closure plate assembly.
many commercially available cleaners that will 24. Remove camshaft.
quickly remove grease, oil, and grime from engine 25. Remove connecting rods with pistons and rings.
parts. When such a cleaner is used, follow the 26. Remove crankshaft.
manufacturer’s instructions and safety precautions 27. Remove governor cross shaft.
carefully. 28. Remove flywheel end oil seal.

Make sure all traces of the cleaner are removed before Disconnect Spark Plug Leads
the engine is reassembled and placed into operation. 1. Disconnect the leads from the spark plugs. See
Even small amounts of these cleaners can quickly Figure 9-1.
break down the lubricating properties of engine oil.
NOTE: Pull on boot only, to prevent damage to
Typical Disassembly Sequence spark plug lead.
The following sequence is suggested for complete
engine disassembly. The sequence can be varied to
9
accommodate options or special equipment.

1. Disconnect spark plug leads.

2. Shut off fuel supply.
3. Drain oil from crankcase and remove oil filter.
4. Remove muffler.
5. Remove air cleaner assembly.
6. Remove fuel pump.
7. Remove control panel (if so equipped).
8. Remove throttle and choke controls.
9. Remove external governor controls.
10. Remove carburetor.
11. Remove Oil Sentry™ (if so equipped).
Figure 9-1. Disconnect Both Spark Plug Leads.
12. Remove electric starter motor.
13. Remove outer baffles and blower housing.
14. Remove inner baffles and breather cover.
Shut Off Fuel Supply
15. Remove valve covers.
16. Remove ignition modules. Drain Oil from Crankcase and Remove Oil
17. Remove intake manifold. Filter
18. Remove spark plugs. 1. Remove the oil fill cap, dipstick, and one of the oil
19. Remove cylinder heads and hydraulic lifters. drain plugs.

9.1
Section 9
Disassembly
3. Remove and discard the oil filter. See Figure 9-5.

Figure 9-2. Removing Dipstick from Tube.

Figure 9-5. Removing Oil Filter.

Figure 9-3. Removing Oil Fill Cap from Cover.

Figure 9-4. Removing Oil Drain Plug. Figure 9-6. Removing Oil Filter Adapter Nipple.

2. Allow ample time for the oil to drain from the

crankcase and oil filter.

9.2
 Section 9
Disassembly
4. Remove the hex flange screws securing the
bracket and base. See Figure 9-8. Two additional
rear screws must be removed if the engine
contains a rear air cleaner support bracket. See
Figure 9-9.

Figure 9-8. Removing Air Cleaner Base Retainer.

Figure 9-7. Removing Oil Cooler.

4. An oil cooler is standard equipment on some

models and an option on others. It may be a cast
aluminum housing, part of the oil filter adapter, 9
or attached to the blower housing, separated
from the oil filter adapter. If so equipped, remove
the adapter and the cooler. See Figures 9-6 and Figure 9-9. Rear Air Cleaner Bracket Screws.
9-7.
5. Remove the bracket then remove the base and
Remove Muffler gasket while carefully pulling the rubber
1. Remove the exhaust system and attaching breather tube through the base. See Figure 9-10.
hardware from the engine. On engines equipped
with a port liner, remove it now.

Remove Air Cleaner Assembly

Standard Air Cleaner

1. Unhook the latches or loosen the knob and
remove the cover. Refer to Section 4.

2. Remove the wing nut from the element cover.

3. Remove the element cover, the air cleaner

element with precleaner and the stud seal.

Figure 9-10. Removing Breather Tube from Base.

9.3
Section 9
Disassembly

Mounting Screws

Figure 9-11. Removing Tube from Breather Cover. Figure 9-13. Air Cleaner Bracket Mounting Screws
(Two-Barrel Model Pictured).
6. Remove the rubber breather tube from the
breather cover. See Figure 9-11. 4. Remove the heavy-duty air cleaner as an
assembly from the engine. See Figure 9-14.
Heavy Duty Air Cleaner
1. Disconnect the breather hose from the fitting in
adapter or elbow.

2. Remove the two screws (one-barrel carburetor

models), or the four hex flange nuts (two-barrel
carburetor models), securing the adapter or
elbow. See Figure 9-12.

Figure 9-14. Removing Heavy Duty Air Cleaner

Breather
Hose Mounting
Nuts
Figure 9-12. Breather Hose, Mounting Nuts, and
Adapter Elbow (Two-Barrel Model Pictured).
3. Remove the screws securing the main support
bracket for air cleaner to the valve covers. On
two-barrel carburetor models, remove the two
mounting screws into the top of intake manifold.
Unhook the choke return spring if equipped. Do
not lose any of the hardware. See Figure 9-13.
Assembly (Two-Barrel Model Pictured).
Remove Fuel Pump
WARNING: Explosive Fuel!
Gasoline is extremely flammable and its vapors can explode if
ignited. Store gasoline only in approved containers, in well
ventilated, unoccupied buildings, away from sparks or flames.
Do not fill the fuel tank while the engine is hot or running,
since spilled fuel could ignite if it comes in contact with hot
parts or sparks from ignition. Do not start the engine near
spilled fuel. Never use gasoline as a cleaning agent.
Pulse Style Pumps
1. Disconnect the fuel lines at the carburetor and at
the in-line fuel filter. See Figure 9-15.

9.4
 Section 9
Disassembly
3. Remove the two hex flange screws securing the
fuel pump to the bracket or to the blower
housing. See Figure 9-18. The fuel pump body
may be metal or plastic.

Figure 9-15. Disconnecting Fuel Inlet Line at

Carburetor.

Figure 9-18. Removing Screws Holding Fuel Pump

(Metal Bodied Pump Shown).

4. Note or mark the orientation of the fuel pump,

then remove the fuel pump with lines attached
as shown in Figure 9-19.

Figure 9-16. Disconnecting Pulse Line from

Crankcase. 9

Figure 9-19. Remove Fuel Pump and Lines.

Mechanical Fuel Pump

The mechanical style fuel pump is part of the valve
cover assembly. See Figure 9-20.

1. Disconnect the fuel lines at the pump outlet and

at the in-line fuel filter.
Figure 9-17. Disconnecting Pulse Line from Valve
Cover (Early Models). 2. The fuel pump will be removed with the valve
cover. Refer to the valve cover removal
2. Disconnect the pulse (vacuum) line from the procedure.
crankcase, or from the valve cover on earlier
models. See Figures 9-16 and 9-17.

9.5
Section 9
Disassembly

Figure 9-20. Mechanical Fuel Pump.
Remove Control Panel (If So Equipped)
1. Disconnect the Oil Sentry™ Indicator Light
wires.
2. Disconnect the choke control cable from the
control bracket.
Figure 9-22. Rear Air Cleaner Bracket (Some
Models).
2. Mark the spring hole locations and disconnect
the spring from the governor lever. See Figure
9-23.

3. Disconnect the throttle control cable or shaft.

4. Remove the panel from the blower housing.

Remove Throttle & Choke Controls

1. Remove the four hex flange screws securing the
control bracket and rear air cleaner bracket
(some models) to the cylinder heads. See Figures
9-21 and 9-22.

Figure 9-23. Disconnecting Spring from Bracket.

3. Remove the choke linkage from the choke

actuator lever and carburetor. See Figure 9-24.

Figure 9-21. Removing Control Bracket.

Figure 9-24. Disconnecting Choke Linkage from

Actuator Lever.

9.6

Remove External Governor Controls
1. Loosen the hex flange nut and remove the
governor lever from the cross shaft. See Figure
9-25. Leave lever attached to the throttle linkage
and lay assembly on the top of the crankcase.
Figure 9-25. Removing Governor Lever.
Remove Carburetor
WARNING: Explosive Fuel!
Gasoline is extremely flammable and its vapors can explode if
ignited. Store gasoline only in approved containers, in well
ventilated, unoccupied buildings, away from sparks or flames.
Do not fill the fuel tank while the engine is hot or running,
since spilled fuel could ignite if it comes in contact with hot
parts or sparks from ignition. Do not start the engine near
spilled fuel. Never use gasoline as a cleaning agent.
1. Disconnect the fuel shut-off solenoid lead and
ground lead, if equipped. See Figure 9-26.
Ground
Lead
Figure 9-26. Remove Ground Lead (Two-Barrel
Model Pictured).
Section 9
Disassembly
2. One-Barrel Carburetor Models Only: Remove
the two carburetor mounting screws. See Figure
9-27.
Two-Barrel Carburetor Models Only: If required
use two hex flange nuts locked together and
remove the two carburetor mounting studs on
the starter side of the intake manifold and one of
the studs on the oil filter side.
Pivot the carburetor to clear the breather cover
fitting and pressure switch (if equipped). Remove
the carburetor, throttle linkage, choke linkage,
and the governor lever as an assembly.
Figure 9-27. Removing Carburetor Mounting
Screws.
3. Remove the carburetor, throttle linkage and 9
governor lever as an assembly. See Figure 9-28.
Figure 9-28. Removing Carburetor Assembly with
Governor Lever Attached.
4. Remove the carburetor gasket.
9.7
Section 9
Disassembly
5. If necessary, the carburetor, throttle linkage and
governor lever can be separated. Reattach the
bushings to the linkage following separation to
avoid losing them.
Remove Oil Sentry™ (If So Equipped)
1. Disconnect the lead from the Oil Sentry™ switch.
2. Remove the Oil Sentry™ switch from the
breather cover. See Figure 9-29.
Figure 9-29. Removing Oil Sentry™ Switch from
Breather Cover.
Remove Electric Starter Motor
1. Disconnect the leads from the starter.
2. Remove the two hex flange screws. See Figure
9-30.
Figure 9-30. Removing Electric Starter Motor.
3. Remove the starter assembly and any spacers (if
used).
9.8
Remove Outer Baffles and Blower
Housing
1. Disconnect the plug from the rectifier-regulator
on the blower housing. See Figure 9-31.
Figure 9-31. Disconnecting Plug from Rectifier-
Regulator.
2. Use the tip of the dipstick or a similar small flat
tool to bend the locking tang, then remove the B+
(center lead) from the terminal plug as shown in
Figure 9-32. This will allow the blower housing to
be removed without disturbing the wiring
harness.
Figure 9-32. Remove B+ Lead from Terminal Plug.
3. The rectifier-regulator does not have to be
detached from the blower housing. If the engine
is equipped with SMART-SPARK™ the SAM
module should be removed from the cylinder
baffle or blower housing. See Figure 9-33. The
module willing hang loose as part of the wiring
harness.
 Section 9
Disassembly

Figure 9-35. Removing Outer Baffles.

5. Remove the outer baffles on both sides. See

Figure 9-35.

6. On engines equipped with a metal grass screen,

remove the screen before removing the blower
housing. See Figure 9-36. Plastic grass screens
can be removed after the blower housing is
removed.

Figure 9-33. Removing the Spark Advance Module

(Applicable Models).

4. Remove the three (each side) hex flange screws

securing the outer baffles. Note the location of 9
any lifting strap and position of the two short
screws (one each side on bottom) for reassembly.
See Figure 9-34.

Figure 9-36. Removing Metal Grass Screen.

7. Remove the lower blower housing screw and

washer securing the rectifier-regulator ground
lead or grounding strap.

8. Two-Barrel Carburetor Models Only: Remove

the two screws securing the debris shield to the
blower housing. The wiring harness is attached
to the underside of shield. See Figure 9-37.

Figure 9-34. Note Location of Two Short Screws.

9.9
Section 9
Disassembly

Debris
Shield

Mounting
Screws

Figure 9-37. Debris Shield Details (Two-Barrel Figure 9-39. Removing Fasteners Holding Baffle
Carburetor Model Shown). and Breather Cover.

9. Remove the remaining hex flange screws and 2. Remove both inner baffles. See Figure 9-40.
detach the blower housing. See Figure 9-38.

10. Disconnect the plug from the key switch in the

blower housing if engine is so equipped.

Figure 9-40. Removing Inner Baffles.

3. Remove the two remaining screws holding the

Figure 9-38. Removing Blower Housing.
4. Pry under the protruding edge of the breather
Remove Inner Baffles and Breather Cover
The inner (valley) baffles are attached at one corner
using the same fasteners as the breather cover. See
Figure 9-39.
1. Remove the two hex flange screws securing the
inner baffles.
breather cover to the crankcase. See Figure 9-40.
cover with a screwdriver to break the RTV or
gasket seal. See Figure 9-41. Do not pry on the
sealing surfaces as it could cause damage
resulting in leaks. Most engines use a formed
gasket rather than RTV sealant.

9.10

Figure 9-41. Breaking Breather Cover Seal.
5. Remove the breather cover and gasket (if used).
See Figure 9-42.
Figure 9-42. Removing Breather Cover.
6. Remove the breather filter from chamber. See
Figure 9-43.
Figure 9-43. Removing Breather Filter.
Section 9
Disassembly
7. Remove the hex flange screw, breather reed
retainer and breather reed. See Figure 9-44.
Figure 9-44. Removing Breather Reed.
Remove Valve Covers
Three valve cover designs have been used. The
earliest type used a gasket and RTV sealant between
the cover and sealing surface of the cylinder head. The
second type had a black O-Ring installed in a groove
on the underside of the cover and may have metal
spacers in the bolt holes. The latest design uses a
brown O-Ring, and the bolt holes spacers are molded
in place.
1. Remove the four hex flange screws securing each
valve cover. Note the position of any attached
brackets or lifting straps.
9
2. Remove the valve covers, valve cover gaskets or
O-Rings and any brackets or lifting straps. Note
which side of the engine has the oil fill and or fuel
pump valve cover. See Figure 9-45.
Figure 9-45. Removing Valve Covers.
9.11
Section 9
Disassembly

Remove Ignition Modules 3. Leave the wiring harness attached to the

1. Disconnect the lead(s)* from each ignition manifold.
module. See Figure 9-46. *Modules for non-
SMART-SPARK™ ignition systems have only one Aluminum
kill lead. Intake
Manifold

Plastic Intake
Manifold

Figure 9-46. Disconnecting Leads from Ignition

Modules.

2. Rotate the flywheel so the magnet is away from

the modules.

3. Remove the mounting screws and ignition

modules. Note the position of ignition modules.

Two-Barrel
Intake Manifold

Figure 9-47. Position of SMART-SPARK™ Ignition

Module.
Figure 9-48. Removing Intake Manifold.
Remove Intake Manifold
1. Remove the four hex flange screws securing the
intake manifold to the cylinder heads. Note
which screws hold the wiring clamps.

2. Remove the intake manifold and the intake

manifold gaskets (aluminum intake manifolds) or
O-Rings (plastic intake manifolds). See Figure
9-48.

9.12
 Section 9
Disassembly

Hex Flange Screw

Figure 9-49. Bolt Wiring Harness Detail. Hex Flange Nut

and Washer
Remove Spark Plugs
1. Remove the spark plug from each cylinder head.

Figure 9-51. Removing Cylinder Head Fasteners.

2. Mark the position of the push rods as either

intake or exhaust and cylinder 1 or 2. Push rods
should always be reinstalled in the same 9
Figure 9-50. Removing Spark Plugs. positions.

Remove Cylinder Heads and Hydraulic 3. Carefully remove the push rods, cylinder heads
Lifters and head gaskets. See Figure 9-52.
NOTE: Cylinder heads are retained using either hex
flange screws or hex flange nuts and washers
on studs. Do not interchange or mix
components, as the cylinder heads may have
different machining, unique to each fastening
method.

1. Remove the four hex flange screws or hex nuts

and washers securing each cylinder head. See
Figure 9-51. Discard the screws or nuts and
washers once removed. Do not reuse. Studs (if
present) should only be removed if damaged or if
cylinder reconditioning is necessary. Once
removed, they must be replaced.

9.13
Section 9
Disassembly

Hex Flange Screw Style Mounting

Figure 9-53. Removing Hydraulic Lifter.

Stud and Hex Flange Nut Style Mounting

Figure 9-52. Removing Cylinder Head Assembly.

4. Remove the lifters from the lifter bores. Use a Figure 9-54. Mark Position of Hydraulic Lifters.
Hydraulic Lifter Tool. Do not use a magnet to
remove lifters. Mark the lifters by location, as
either intake or exhaust and cylinder 1 or 2.
Hydraulic lifters should always be reinstalled in
the same position. See Figures 9-53 and 9-54.

NOTE: The exhaust lifters are located on the output

shaft side of the engine while the intake
lifters are located on the fan side of the
engine. The cylinder head number is
embossed on the outside of each cylinder
head. See Figure 9-55.

Figure 9-55. Match Marks on Cylinder Barrel and

Heads.

9.14

Disassemble Cylinder Heads
1. Remove the two hex flange screws, rocker arm
pivots and rocker arms from the cylinder head.
See Figure 9-56.
Figure 9-56. Removing Rocker Arms.
2. Compress the valve springs using a valve spring
compressor. See Figure 9-57.
Figure 9-59. Intake Valve Seal Location.
NOTE: These engines use valve stem seals on the
Remove Grass Screen and Fan
Figure 9-57. Removing Valves with Valve Spring
Compressor.
Valve
Keepers
Retainer
Cap
Spring
Figure 9-58. Valve Train Components.
Section 9
Disassembly
3. Once the valve spring is compressed, remove the
following items. See Figures 9-58 and 9-59.
• Valve spring keepers
• Valve spring retainers
• Valve springs
• Valve spring caps
• Intake and exhaust valves (mark position)
• Valve stem seals (intake valve only)
Valve Seal
intake valves. Use a new seal whenever
valve is removed or if the seal is deteriorated
in any way. Never reuse an old seal.
4. Repeat the above procedure for the other
cylinder head. Do not interchange parts from one 9
cylinder head to the other.
1. Small metal retainers are typically attached on
three of the seven mounting posts for positive
retention of the plastic grass screen. Use a hook-
end tool next to the post and pull outward to
separate each of the small metal retainers. Then
unsnap the fan from the remaining mounting
posts. See Figure 9-60.
9.15
Section 9
Disassembly

Figure 9-60. Removing Plastic Type Grass Screen. Figure 9-62. Removing Flywheel Fastener Using
Strap Wrench.
2. Remove the four hex flange screws and fan. See
Figure 9-61. 2. Remove the hex flange screw and washer.

3. Use a puller to remove the flywheel from the

crankshaft. See Figure 9-63.

NOTE: Always use a flywheel puller to remove

the flywheel from the crankshaft. Do
not strike the crankshaft or flywheel, as
these parts could become cracked or
damaged. Striking the puller or
crankshaft can cause the crank gear to
move, affecting the crankshaft end play.

Figure 9-61. Removing Fan.

Remove Flywheel
1. Use a flywheel strap wrench or holding tool (see
Section 2) to hold the flywheel and loosen the hex
flange screw securing the flywheel to the
crankshaft. See Figure 9-62.

NOTE: Always use a flywheel strap wrench or

holding tool to hold the flywheel when
loosening or tightening the flywheel
screw. Do not use any type of bar or
wedge to hold the flywheel. Use of such
tools could cause the flywheel to become
cracked or damaged.
Figure 9-63. Removing Flywheel with a Puller.
4. Remove the woodruff key from the crankshaft.
Remove Stator and Backing Plates
1. Remove the four hex flange screws securing the
backing plates and stator wire bracket (if
equipped). See Figure 9-64. Remove the backing
plates and stator wire bracket.

9.16
 Section 9
Disassembly
2. Locate the three splitting tabs that are cast into
the perimeter of the closure plate. Insert the drive
end of a 1/2" breaker bar between the top
splitting tab and the crankcase. Hold the handle
horizontal and pull toward you to break the RTV
seal. If necessary, pry at the bottom tabs also. See
Figures 9-67 and 9-68. Do not pry on the sealing
surfaces as this could cause leaks. Carefully pull
closure plate from crankcase.

Figure 9-64. Removing Backing Plates and Stator

Wire Bracket.

2. Remove the two hex head screws and stator. See

Figure 9-65. Note the routing of the stator lead in
the channel.

Figure 9-67. Location of Three Splitting Tabs.

9
Figure 9-65. Removing Stator.

Remove Closure Plate Assembly

1. Remove the ten hex flange screws securing the
closure plate to the crankcase. See Figure 9-66.
Figure 9-68. Breaking Seal on Top Splitting Tab.

Governor Gear Assembly

The governor gear assembly is located inside the
closure plate. If service is required, refer to the service
procedures under ‘‘Governor Gear Assembly’’ in
Section 10.

Oil Pump Assembly

The oil pump is mounted to the inside of the closure
plate. If service is required, refer to the service
procedures under ‘‘Oil Pump Assembly’’ in Section 10.

Figure 9-66. Removing the Ten Closure Plate

Fasteners.

9.17
Section 9
Disassembly

Remove Camshaft
1. Remove the camshaft and shim. See Figure 9-69.

Camshaft

Shim

Figure 9-71. Mark End Cap with Cylinder Number

Before Removal.

Figure 9-69. Removing Camshaft (Note Shim).
Remove Connecting Rods with Pistons
and Rings
1. Remove the two hex flange screws securing the
closest connecting rod end cap. Remove the end
cap. See Figure 9-70.
NOTE: The cylinders are numbered on the
crankcase. Use the numbers to mark each
end cap, connecting rod and piston for
reassembly. Do not mix end caps and
connecting rods.

Figure 9-72. Removing Piston/Connecting Rod

Assemblies.
Figure 9-70. Removing Connecting Rod Bolts.
2. Carefully remove the connecting rod and piston
assembly from the cylinder bore. See Figure 9-72.
NOTE: If a carbon ridge is present at the top of
either cylinder bore, use a ridge reamer
3. Repeat the above procedures for the other
tool to remove the ridge before
connecting rod and piston assembly.
attempting to remove the piston.

9.18
 Section 9
Disassembly

Remove Crankshaft
1. Carefully pull the crankshaft from the crankcase.
See Figure 9-73. Note thrust washers and shims
if used.

Figure 9-75. Removing Governor Cross Shaft

Retainer (8 mm Shaft Design).

2. Pull the cross shaft with small washer out

through the inside of the crankcase. See Figure
Figure 9-73. Removing Crankshaft. 9-76.

Remove Governor Cross Shaft

1. Remove the hitch pin and plain washer, or the
retainer and nylon washer from the governor
cross shaft. See Figures 9-74 and 9-75.

9
Figure 9-76. Pulling Governor Cross Shaft.

Remove Flywheel End Oil Seal

1. Remove oil seal from crankcase. See Figure 9-77.

Figure 9-74. Removing Governor Cross Shaft Hitch

Pin (6 mm Shaft Design).

Figure 9-77. Removing Oil Seal.

9.19
Section 9
Disassembly

9.20

Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
This section covers the operation, inspection, and
repair/reconditioning of major internal engine
components. The following components are not
covered in this section. They are covered in sections of
their own:
Air Cleaner, Section 4
Carburetor & External Governor, Section 5
Ignition, Charging & Electric Starter, Section 8
Clean all parts thoroughly. Only clean parts can be
accurately inspected and gauged for wear or damage.
There are many commercially available cleaners that
will quickly remove grease, oil, and grime from
engine parts. When such a cleaner is used, follow the
manufacturer’s instructions and safety precautions
carefully. Make sure all traces of the cleaner are
removed before the engine is reassembled and placed
into operation. Even small amounts of these cleaners
can quickly break down the lubricating properties of
engine oil.
Use an aerosol gasket remover, paint stripper, or
lacquer thinner to remove any old sealant. Apply the
solvent, allow time for it to work, and then brush the
surface with a brass wire brush. After the old sealant
is removed, clean the surface with isopropyl alcohol,
lacquer thinner, or aerosol electrical contact cleaner.
Do not scrape the surfaces, as any scratches, nicks, or
burrs can result in leaks. See Service Bulletin 252 for
further information.
Refer to A Guide to Engine Rebuilding (TP-2150-A)
for additional information. Measurement Guide
(TP-2159-B) and Engine Inspection Data Record
(TP-2435) are also available; use these to record
inspection results.
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
Automatic Compression Release (ACR)
Some engines are equipped with the optional
Automatic Compression Release (ACR) mechanism.
The ACR lowers compression at cranking speeds to
make starting easier.
Operation
The ACR mechanism consists of a flyweight, spring
and pivoting control pin assembly attached to the gear
on the camshaft. At cranking speeds (700 RPM or
lower), the control pin protrudes above the exhaust
cam lobe. This pushes the exhaust valve off its seat
during the first part of the compression stroke. The
reduced compression results in an effective
compression ratio of about 2:1 during cranking.
After starting, engine speed increases to over 700
RPM, and centrifugal force overcomes the force of the
flyweight spring. The flyweight moves outward,
pulling the arm of the control pin, so it pivots into the
‘‘run’’ position. The control pin no longer has any
effect on the exhaust valve and the engine operates at
full power.
When the engine is stopped, the spring returns the
flyweight lever and control pin assembly to the 10
compression release position ready for the next start.
Camshaft
Inspection and Service
Check the lobes of the camshaft for wear or damage.
See Section 1 for minimum lift specifications. Inspect
the cam gear for badly worn, chipped or missing teeth.
Replacement of the camshaft will be necessary if any
of these conditions exist.
Crankshaft
Inspection and Service
Inspect the gear teeth of the crankshaft. If the teeth are
badly worn, chipped, or some are missing,
replacement of the crankshaft will be necessary.
10.1
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
Inspect the crankshaft bearing surfaces for scoring,
grooving, etc. Some engines have bearing inserts in
the crankshaft bore of the closure plate and/or
crankcase. Do not replace bearings unless they show
signs of damage or are out of running clearance
specifications. If the crankshaft turns easily and
noiselessly, and there is no evidence of scoring,
grooving, etc., on the races or bearing surfaces, the
bearings can be reused.
Inspect the crankshaft keyways. If they are worn or
chipped, replacement of the crankshaft will be
necessary.
Inspect the crankpin for score marks or metallic
pickup. Slight score marks can be cleaned with crocus
cloth soaked in oil. If the wear limits, as stated in
“Specifications and Tolerances” are exceeded, it will
be necessary to either replace the crankshaft or regrind
the crankpin to 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) undersize. If
reground, a 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) undersize connecting
rod (big end) must then be used to achieve proper
running clearance. Measure the crankpin for size,
taper, and out-of-round.
NOTE: If the crankpin is reground, visually check to
ensure that the fillet blends smoothly with
the crankpin surface. See Figure 10-1.
Procedure to Remove Crankshaft Plug:
1. Drill a 3/16" hole through the plug in the
crankshaft.
2. Thread a 3/4" or 1" long self-tapping screw with a
flat washer into the drilled hole. The flat washer
must be large enough to seat against the shoulder
of the plug bore. See Figure 10-2.
3. Tighten the self-tapping screw until it draws the
plug out of the crankshaft.
Procedure to Install New Plug:
1. Use a single cylinder camshaft pin, Kohler Part
No. 47 380 09-S as a driver and tap the plug into
the plug bore until it seats at the bottom of the
bore. Make sure the plug is tapped in evenly to
prevent leakage.
Self-Tapping Screw
Flat Washer
12345678 Plug
12345678
12345678
12345678

High Point from Crankshaft

Fillet Intersections

The Fillet Must Figure 10-2. Removing Crankpin Plug.

Blend Smoothly
with the Bearing 45° Crankcase
Journal Surface Minimum
Inspection and Service
Check all gasket surfaces to make sure they are free of
gasket fragments. Gasket surfaces must also be free of
This Fillet Area
deep scratches or nicks.
Must Be
Completely Smooth
Inspect the main bearing (if so equipped) for wear or
Figure 10-1. Crankpin Fillets. damage (refer to Section 1, “Specifications, Tolerances,
and Special Torque Values”). Replace the crankcase
The connecting rod journal can be ground one size using a miniblock or short block as required.
under. When grinding a crankshaft, grinding stone
deposits can get caught in the oil passages, which
could cause severe engine damage. Removing the
crankpin plug when the crankshaft is ground provides
easy access for removing any grinding deposits that
may collect in the oil passages.

Use the following procedure to remove and replace

the plug.

10.2

Check the cylinder bore wall for scoring. In severe
cases, unburned fuel can cause scuffing and scoring of
the cylinder wall. It washes the necessary lubricating
oils off the piston and cylinder wall. As raw fuel seeps
down the cylinder wall, the piston rings make metal to
metal contact with the wall. Scoring of the cylinder
wall can also be caused by localized hot spots
resulting from blocked cooling fins or from
inadequate or contaminated lubrication.
If the cylinder bore is badly scored, excessively worn,
tapered, or out-of-round, resizing is necessary. Use an
inside micrometer to determine the amount of wear
(refer to the “Specifications, Tolerances, and Special
Torque Values”, in Section 1), then select the nearest
suitable oversize of either 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) or
0.50 mm (0.020 in.). Resizing to one of these oversizes
will allow usage of the available oversize piston and
ring assemblies. First, resize using a boring bar, then
use the following procedures for honing the cylinder.
NOTE: Some CH25-26 engines feature POWER-
BORE™ cylinders a special patented nickel-
silicone plating process for increased power,
superior oil control, reduced exhaust
emission, and virtually permanent cylinder
life. POWER-BORE™ cylinders cannot be
resized or honed as described in the
following procedure. If a plated cylinder bore
is damaged or out of specification, use a new
miniblock or short block to repair the engine.
Use the following procedure for crankcases
with a cast iron sleeve.
Honing
While most commercially available cylinder hones
can be used with either portable drills or drill
presses, the use of a low speed drill press is preferred
as it facilitates more accurate alignment of the bore in
relation to the crankshaft crossbore. Honing is best
accomplished at a drill speed of about 250 RPM and
60 strokes per minute. After installing coarse stones in
hone, proceed as follows:
1. Lower hone into bore and after centering, adjust
so the stones are in contact with the cylinder
wall. Use of a commercial cutting-cooling agent
is recommended.
2. With the lower edge of each stone positioned
even with the lowest edge of the bore, start drill
and honing process. Move the hone up and down
while resizing to prevent the formation of
cutting ridges. Check the size frequently.
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
NOTE: Kohler pistons are custom-machined to
exacting tolerances. When oversizing a
cylinder, it should be machined exactly
0.25 mm (0.010 in.) or 0.50 mm (0.020 in.)
over the new diameter (Section 1). The
corresponding oversize Kohler replacement
piston will then fit correctly.
3. When the bore is within 0.064 mm (0.0025 in.) of
the desired size, remove the coarse stones and
replace them with burnishing stones. Continue
with the burnishing stones until the bore is
within 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.) of the desired size
and then use finish stones (220-280 grit) and
polish the bore to its final size. A crosshatch
should be observed if honing is done correctly.
The crosshatch should intersect at approximately
23°-33° off the horizontal. Too flat an angle could
cause the rings to skip and wear excessively, and
too steep an angle will result in high oil
consumption. See Figure 10-3.
Figure 10-3. Cylinder Bore Crosshatch after 10
Honing.
4. After resizing, check the bore for roundness,
taper, and size. Use an inside micrometer,
telescoping gauge, or bore gauge to take
measurements. The measurements should be
taken at three locations in the cylinder – at the
top, middle, and bottom. Two measurements
should be taken (perpendicular to each other) at
each of the three locations.
Clean Cylinder Bore After Honing
Proper cleaning of the cylinder walls following boring
and/or honing is very critical to a successful overhaul.
Machining grit left in the cylinder bore can destroy an
engine in less than one hour of operation after a
rebuild.
10.3
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
The final cleaning operation should always be a
thorough scrubbing with a brush and hot, soapy
water. Use a strong detergent that is capable of
breaking down the machining oil while maintaining a
good level of suds. If the suds break down during
cleaning, discard the dirty water and start again with
more hot water and detergent. Following the
scrubbing, rinse the cylinder with very hot, clear
water, dry it completely, and apply a light coating of
engine oil to prevent rusting.
Measuring Piston-to-Bore Clearance
Before installing the piston into the cylinder bore, it is
necessary that the clearance be accurately checked.
This step is often overlooked, and if the clearances are
not within specifications, engine failure will usually
result.
NOTE: Do not use a feeler gauge to measure piston-
to-bore clearance – it will yield inaccurate
measurements. Always use a micrometer.
Use the following procedure to accurately measure
the piston-to-bore clearance:
1. Use a micrometer and measure the diameter of
the piston 6 mm (0.24 in.) above the bottom of the
piston skirt and perpendicular to the piston pin.
See Figure 10-4.
3. Piston-to-bore clearance is the difference
between the bore diameter and the piston
diameter (step 2 minus step 1).
Flywheel
Inspection
Inspect the flywheel for cracks and the flywheel
keyway for damage. Replace the flywheel if it is
cracked. Replace the flywheel, the crankshaft, and the
key if flywheel key is sheared or the keyway is
damaged.
Inspect the ring gear for cracks or damage. Kohler
does not provide the ring gear as a serviceable part.
Replace the flywheel if the ring gear is damaged.
Cylinder Head and Valves
Inspection and Service
After cleaning, check the flatness of the cylinder head
and the corresponding top surface of the crankcase,
using a surface plate or piece of glass and feeler gauge
as shown in Figure 10-5. The maximum allowable out
of flatness is 0.076 mm (0.003 in.).

6 mm (0.24 in.)

Measure 6 mm above the

Bottom of Piston Skirt at Figure 10-5. Checking Cylinder Head Flatness.
Right Angles to Piston Pin
Carefully inspect the valve mechanism parts. Inspect
the valve springs and related hardware for excessive
Figure 10-4. Measuring Piston Diameter.
wear or distortion. Check the valves and valve seat
area or inserts for evidence of deep pitting, cracks, or
2. Use an inside micrometer, telescoping gauge, or
distortion. Check clearance of the valve stems in the
bore gauge and measure the cylinder bore. Take
guides. See Figure 10-6 for valve details and
the measurement approximately 63.5 mm
specifications.
(2.5 in.) below the top of the bore and
perpendicular to the piston pin.

10.4
 Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning

EXHAUST INTAKE VALVE

VALVE F
E F C B A E

G D EXHAUST G
A INSERT
H H
INTAKE
INSERT
D

B A

Dimension Intake Exhaust

A Seat Angle
B Insert O.D.
C Guide Depth
D Guide I.D.
E Valve Head Diameter
F Valve Face Angle
G Valve Margin (Min.)
H Valve Stem Diameter
Figure 10-6. Valve Details.
89°
36.987/37.013 mm (1.4562/1.4572 in.)
4 mm (0.1575 in.)
7.038/7.058 mm (0.2771/0.2779 in.)
33.37/33.63 mm (1.3138/1.3240 in.)
45°
1.5 mm (0.0591 in.)
6.982/7.000 mm (0.2749/0.2756 in.)
89°
32.987/33.013 mm (1.2987/1.2997 in.)
6.5 mm (0.2559 in.)
7.038/7.058 mm (0.2771/0.2779 in.)
29.37/29.63 mm (1.1563/1.1665 in.)
45°
1.5 mm (0.0591 in.)
6.970/6.988 mm (0.2744/0.2751 in.)

Hard starting or loss of power accompanied by high
fuel consumption may be symptoms of faulty valves.
Although these symptoms could also be attributed to
worn rings, remove and check the valves first. After
removal, clean the valve heads, faces, and stems with a
power wire brush.
Then, carefully inspect each valve for defects such as a
warped head, excessive corrosion, or a worn stem
end. Replace valves found to be in bad condition. A
normal valve and valves in bad condition are shown
in the accompanying illustrations. 10

10.5
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning

Normal: Even after long hours of operation a valve Leakage: A poor grind on face or seat of valve will
can be reconditioned and reused if the face and allow leakage resulting in a burned valve on one side
margin are in good shape. If a valve is worn to where only.
the margin is less than 1/32" do not reuse it. The valve
shown was in operation for almost 1000 hours under
controlled test conditions.

Bad Condition: The valve depicted here should be
replaced. Note the warped head; margin damaged
and too narrow. These conditions could be attributed
to excessive hours or a combination of poor operating
conditions.
Coking: Coking is normal on intake valves and is not
harmful. If the seat is good, the valve could be reused
after cleaning.

10.6

Excessive Combustion Temperatures: The white
deposits seen here indicate very high combustion
temperatures, usually due to a lean fuel mixture.
Gum: Gum deposits usually result from using stale
gasoline. Gum is a prevalent cause of valve sticking.
The cure is to ream the valve guides and clean or
replace the valves, depending on their condition.
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
Stem Corrosion: Moisture in fuel or from
condensation are the most common causes of valve
stem corrosion. Condensation occurs from improper
preservation during storage and when engine is
repeatedly stopped before it has a chance to reach
normal operating temperatures. Replace corroded
valves.
10
Overheating: An exhaust valve subject to
overheating will have a dark discoloration in the area
above the valve guide. Worn guides and faulty valve
springs may cause this condition. Also check for
clogged air intake, and blocked fins when this
condition is noted.
10.7
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
Valve Guides
If a valve guide is worn beyond specifications, it will
not guide the valve in a straight line. This may result in
burnt valve faces or seats, loss of compression, and
excessive oil consumption.
To check valve guide-to-valve stem clearance,
thoroughly clean the valve guide and, using a split-ball
gauge, measure the inside diameter of the guide. Then,
using an outside micrometer, measure the diameter of
the valve stem at several points on the stem where it
moves in the valve guide. Use the largest stem diameter
to calculate the clearance by subtracting the stem
diameter from the guide diameter. If the intake
clearance exceeds 0.038/0.076 mm (0.0015/0.0030 in.)
or the exhaust clearance exceeds 0.050/0.088 mm
(0.0020/0.0035 in.), determine whether the valve stem
or guide is responsible for the excessive clearance.
The maximum (I.D.) wear on the intake valve guide is
7.134 mm (0.2809 in.) while 7.159 mm (0.2819 in.) is the
maximum allowed on the exhaust guide. The guides
are not removable but can be reamed 0.25 mm
(0.010 in.) oversize. Valves with 0.25 mm oversize
stems must then be used.
If the guides are within limits but the valve stems are
worn beyond limits, install new valves.
Valve Seat Inserts
Hardened steel alloy intake and exhaust valve seat
inserts are press fitted into the cylinder head. The
inserts are not replaceable but can be reconditioned if
not too badly pitted or distorted. If cracked or badly
warped, the cylinder head should be replaced.
Recondition the valve seat inserts following the
instructions provided with the valve seat cutter being
used. A typical cutter is shown in Figure 10-7. The final
cut should be made with an 89° cutter as specified for
the valve seat angle in Figure 10-6. Cutting the proper
45° valve face angle as specified in Figure 10-6, and the
proper valve seat angle (44.5°, half of the full 89° angle),
will achieve the desired 0.5° (1.0° full cut) interference
angle where the maximum pressure occurs on the
outside diameters of the valve face and seat.
10.8
Valve Seat Cutter
Pilot
Figure 10-7. Typical Valve Seat Cutter.
Lapping Valves
Reground or new valves must be lapped in, to provide
proper fit. Use a hand valve grinder with a suction
cup for final lapping. Lightly coat the valve face with a
“fine” grade of grinding compound, then rotate the
valve on its seat with the grinder. Continue grinding
until a smooth surface is obtained on the seat and on
the valve face. Thoroughly clean the cylinder head in
soap and hot water to remove all traces of grinding
compound. After drying the cylinder head, apply a
light coating of SAE 10 oil to prevent rusting.
Intake Valve Stem Seal
These engines use valve stem seals on the intake
valves. Always use a new seal when the valves are
removed from the cylinder head. The seals should also
be replaced if deteriorated or damaged in any way.
Never reuse an old seal.
Pistons and Rings
Inspection
Scuffing and scoring of pistons and cylinder walls
occurs when internal engine temperatures approach
the welding point of the piston. Temperatures high
enough to do this are created by friction, which is
usually attributed to improper lubrication and/or
overheating of the engine.
Normally, very little wear takes place in the piston
boss-piston pin area. If the original piston and
connecting rod can be reused after new rings are
installed, the original pin can also be reused but new
piston pin retainers are required. The piston pin is
included as part of the piston assembly – if the pin
boss in the piston or the pin are worn or damaged, a
new piston assembly is required.

Ring failure is usually indicated by excessive oil
consumption and blue exhaust smoke. When rings
fail, oil is allowed to enter the combustion chamber
where it is burned along with the fuel. High oil
consumption can also occur when the piston ring end
gap is incorrect because the ring cannot properly
conform to the cylinder wall under this condition. Oil
control is also lost when ring gaps are not staggered
during installation.
When cylinder temperatures get too high, lacquer and
varnish collect on pistons causing rings to stick, which
results in rapid wear. A worn ring usually takes on a
shiny or bright appearance.
Scratches on rings and pistons are caused by abrasive
material such as carbon, dirt, or pieces of hard metal.
Stuck, Broken Rings
Overheated or Deteriorated Oil
Figure 10-8. Common Types of Piston Damage.
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
Detonation damage occurs when a portion of the fuel
charge ignites spontaneously from heat and pressure
shortly after ignition. This creates two flame fronts
which meet and explode to create extreme hammering
pressures on a specific area of the piston. Detonation
generally occurs from using low octane fuels.
Preignition or ignition of the fuel charge before the
timed spark can cause damage similar to detonation.
Preignition damage is often more severe than
detonation damage. Preignition is caused by a hot
spot in the combustion chamber from sources such as
glowing carbon deposits, blocked cooling fins, an
improperly seated valve, or wrong spark plug(s).
See Figure 10-8 for some common types of piston and
ring damage.
Abrasive Scratched Rings
10
Scored Piston and Rings
10.9
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
Replacement pistons are available in STD bore size,
and in 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), and 0.50 mm (0.020 in.)
oversize. Replacement pistons include new piston ring
sets and new piston pins.

Replacement ring sets are also available separately for

STD, 0.25 mm (0.010 in.), and 0.50 mm (0.020 in.)
oversize pistons. Always use new piston rings when
installing pistons. Never use old rings.

Some important points to remember when servicing

piston rings:

1. The cylinder bore must be deglazed before

service ring sets are used.
2. If the cylinder bore does not need reboring and if
the old piston is within wear limits and free of
score or scuff marks, the old piston may be
reused.
3. Remove the old rings and clean up the grooves.
Never reuse old rings.
4. Before installing the new rings on the piston,
place the top two rings, each in turn, in its
running area in the cylinder bore and check the
end gap. (See Figure 10-9.) Compare the ring gap
to the specifications listed in Section 1.
Figure 10-10. Measuring Piston Ring Side
Clearance.
Install New Piston Rings
To install new piston rings, proceed as follows:
NOTE: Rings must be installed correctly. Ring
installation instructions are usually included
with new ring sets. Follow instructions
carefully. Use a piston ring expander to
install rings (see Figure 10-11). Install the
bottom (oil control) ring first and the top
compression ring last. Refer to Figure 10-12.
Piston Ring

Piston Ring
Expander

Figure 10-11. Installing Piston Rings.

Figure 10-9. Measuring Piston Ring End Gap.

5. After installing the new compression (top and

middle) rings on the piston, check the piston-to-
ring side clearance. Compare the clearance to
specifications listed in Section 1. If the side
clearance is greater than specified, a new piston
must be used. Refer to Figure 10-10.

10.10
 Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning

Service replacement connecting rods are available in

Piston Ring STD crankpin size and 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) undersize.
The 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) undersized rod can be
Dykem identified by the drilled hole located in the lower end
End Gap Stripe of the rod shank. Always refer to the appropriate parts
information to ensure that correct replacements are
Identification used.
Mark
Hydraulic Lifters

Inspection
Check the base surface of the hydraulic lifters for wear
Piston or damage. If the lifters need to be replaced, apply a
liberal coating of Kohler lubricant (see Section 2) to
Top the base of each new lifter before it is installed.
Compression
Ring “Bleeding” the Lifters
Center To prevent a possible bent push rod or broken rocker
Compression arm, it is important to “bleed” any excess oil out of the
Ring lifters before they are installed.

Rails 1. Cut a 50-75 mm (2-3 in.) piece from the end of an

Oil Control Ring
(Three-piece)
Expander
Figure 10-12. Piston Ring Installation.
1. Oil Control Ring (Bottom Groove): Install the
expander and then the rails. Make sure the ends
of expander are not overlapped.
old push rod and chuck it in a drill press.
2. Lay a rag or shop towel on the table of the drill
press and place the lifter, open end up, on the
towel.
3. Lower the chucked push rod until it contacts the
plunger in the lifter. Slowly “pump” the plunger
two or three times to force the oil out of the feed
hole in the side of the lifter.

2. Middle Compression Ring (Center Groove): Closure Plate Assembly

Install the center ring using a piston ring
installation tool. Make sure the “identification”
mark is up or the dykem stripe (if contained) is to
Inspection 10
Inspect the oil seal in the closure plate and remove it if
the left of the end gap.
it is worn or damaged. Refer to ‘‘Install Closure Plate
Oil Seal’’ in Section 11 for new oil seal installation.
3. Top Compression Ring (Top Groove): Install the
top ring using a piston ring expender. Make sure
Inspect the main bearing surface for wear or damage
the “identification” mark is up or the dykem
(refer to Section 1, “Specifications, Tolerances, and
stripe (if contained), to the left of the end gap.
Special Torque Values”). Replace the closure plate
assembly if required.
Connecting Rods
Offset, stepped-cap connecting rods are used in all Governor Gear Assembly
these engines.
Inspection
Inspection and Service
Inspect the governor gear teeth. Replace the gear if it
Check the bearing area (big end) for excessive wear,
is worn, chipped, or if any teeth are missing. Inspect
score marks, running and side clearances (refer to
the governor weights. They should move freely in the
Section 1, “Specifications, Tolerances, and Special
governor gear.
Torque Values”). Replace the rod and cap if scored or
excessively worn.

10.11
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning
Disassembly
The governor gear must be replaced once it is
removed from the closure plate.
NOTE: The governor gear is held onto the shaft by
small molded tabs in the gear. When the gear
is removed from the shaft, these tabs are
destroyed and the gear must be replaced.
Therefore, remove the gear only if absolutely
necessary.
1. Remove the regulating pin and governor gear
assembly. See Figure 10-13.
Figure 10-13. Removing Governor Gear.
2. Remove the locking tab thrust washer located
under the governor gear assembly.
3. Carefully inspect the governor gear shaft and
replace it only if it is damaged. After removing
the damaged shaft, press or lightly tap the
replacement shaft into the closure plate to the
depth shown in Figure 10-14.
Gear Shaft
34.0 mm (1.3386 in.) 19.40 mm (0.7638 in.)
33.5 mm (1.3189 in.)
Figure 10-14. Governor Shaft Press Depth.
10.12
Reassembly
1. Install the locking tab thrust washer on the
governor gear shaft with the tab down.
2. Position the regulating pin within the governor
gear/flyweight assembly and slide both onto the
governor shaft.
Oil Pump Assembly
Disassembly
1. Remove the two hex flange screws.
2. Remove the oil pump assembly from the closure
plate.
3. Remove the oil pump rotor.
4. Remove the oil pickup by unhooking the locking
clip, and pulling it free from the oil pump body.
5. If the relief valve is like that shown in Figure
10-15, drive out the pin to remove the oil pressure
relief valve piston and spring. Refer to the
following inspection and reassembly procedures.
If the relief valve is a one-piece style, staked to the
oil pump housing (See Figure 10-16) removal
should not be attempted, nor is internal servicing
possible. If a problem with the relief valve is
encountered, the oil pump should be replaced.
Relief Valve Pickup
Figure 10-15. Oil Pump, Oil Pickup, and Relief Valve
(Original Style).
 Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning

3. Install the rotor.

4. Install the oil pump body to the closure plate and

secure with the two hex flange screws. Torque
the hex flange screws as follows:

a. Install fastener into location No. 1 and lightly

tighten to position pump.

b. Install fastener into location No. 2 and fully

torque to the recommended value.
Pickup
Relief Valve c. Torque fastener in location No. 1 to the
recommended value.
Figure 10-16. Oil Pump, Oil Pickup, and One-Piece
Relief Valve (Later Style).

Inspection
Inspect the oil pump housing, gear, and rotors for
nicks, burrs, wear, or any visible damage. If any parts
are worn or damaged, replace the oil pump.

Inspect the oil pressure relief valve piston. It should be

free of nicks or burrs.

Check the spring for wear or distortion. The free

length of the spring should be approximately 47.4 mm Oil Pump Torque Sequence
(1.8 in.). Replace the spring if it is distorted or worn.
See Figure 10-17. First Time Installation:10.7 N·m (95 in. lb.)
All Reinstallations: 6.7 N·m (60 in. lb.)

5. After torquing, rotate the gear and check for

freedom of movement. Make sure there is no
binding. If binding occurs, loosen the screws,
reposition the pump, retorque the hex flange
screws and recheck the movement. 10
Piston
Spring
Roll Pin

Figure 10-17. Oil Pressure Relief Valve Piston and

Spring.

Reassembly
1. Install the pressure relief valve piston and spring.

2. Install the oil pickup to the oil pump body.

Lubricate the O-Ring with oil and make sure it
remains in the groove as the pickup is being
installed.

10.13
Section 10
Inspection and Reconditioning

Governor Cross Shaft Oil Seal

If the governor cross shaft seal is damaged and/or
leaks, replace it using the following procedure.

Remove the oil seal from the crankcase and replace it

with a new one. Install the new seal to the depth
shown in Figure 10-18 using a seal installer.

2.0 mm (0.0787 in.) Governor Cross

Shaft Seal

Figure 10-18. Installing Cross Shaft Oil Seal.

10.14
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Section 11
Reassembly
5. Repeat the above steps for the remaining
cylinder. Do not interchange parts from the
cylinder heads.
Figure 11-47. Using Spanner Wrench to Lift Rocker
Arm Over Push Rod.
6. Rotate the crankshaft to check for free operation
of the valve train. Check the clearance between
the valve spring coils at full lift. Minimum
allowable clearance is 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).
Check Assembly
Important: Rotate the crankshaft a minimum of two
revolutions to check longblock assembly and overall
proper operation.
Install Spark Plugs
1. Use new Champion® (or equivalent) spark plugs.
2. Set the gap at 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) for all except
natural gas with CD fixed ignition, or 0.51 mm
(0.020 in.) for natural gas with CD fixed ignition.
3. Install new plugs and torque to 24.4-29.8 N·m
(18-22 ft. lb.). See Figure 11-48.
Figure 11-48. Installing Spark Plugs.
11.14
Install Ignition Modules
1. Rotate the flywheel to position the magnet away
from the ignition module bosses.
Figure 11-49. Installing Ignition Module.
2. On engines equipped with SMART-SPARK™ both
modules are installed the same way - with the
two tabs out. See Figure 11-55.
On engines are not equipped with SMART-
SPARK™ the modules are installed with the spark
plug lead wire from module always away from
the cylinder. On #1 cylinder, the single kill tab
should be towards you. See Figure 11-54. On #2
cylinder, the single kill tab should be away from
you (in).
3. Install each ignition module to the crankcase
bosses with the two screws (hex flange or allen
head, based on model). Slide the modules up as
far away from the flywheel as possible and snug
the screws to hold them in that position.
4. Rotate the flywheel to position the magnet
directly under one ignition module.
5. Insert a 0.30 mm (0.012 in.) flat feeler gauge
between the magnet and the ignition module. See
Figure 11-50. Loosen the screws enough to allow
the magnet to pull the module down against the
feeler gauge.

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 Section 12
Clutch

Section 12
Clutch

Clutch

General
Some engines are equipped with a “wet” disc type clutch. See Figure 12-1 for exploded view of clutch.

Nameplate
Shifting Lever

Gasket

Clutch
Housing Yoke
Seal
Shaft
(Yoke)
Key
Roll Pin

Adjusting
Ring Oil Seal
Driven Power
Ball Bearing
Member Shaft

Snap Ring
Pressure
Plate

Retaining
Rings
Pilot Bearing
Release
Sleeve
Clutch Assembly
Clutch
Assembly
12

Bearing Release Adjusting

Assembly Lock
Figure 12-1. Wet Type Clutch - Exploded View.

12.1
Section 12
Clutch
Service 2. After adjustment is made, engage clutch and
On this type, an oil “splash” type lubrication system is check to make sure rollers go over center to lock
used. The proper oil level must be maintained to the unit in engaged position and prevent
provide efficient lubrication. The oil should be releasing under load. If trouble persists after
changed after each 100 hours of operation. When readjustment, clutch reconditioning is indicated.
refilling, use 0.47 L (1 pt.) of motor oil of proper
viscosity. See chart below. Reconditioning
Drain the oil, remove the nameplate, and use the
Temperature SAE Viscosity following procedure.
Above 10°C (50°F) S A E 30 1. Remove capscrews (2) from clutch yoke and
-17.8°C (0°F) to 10°C (50°F) S A E 20 remove spacers.

Below -17.8°C (0°F) S A E 10 2. Remove cross shaft.

Adjustment
3. Remove housing bolts (4) and slide housing off.
Slight readjustment may be needed after a few hours
on a new clutch to accommodate normal run-in wear.
4. Loosen bolts securing clutch assembly to
Firm pressure should be required to engage clutch
crankshaft, then remove locking screw.
(40-45 pounds pull at lever handle). Readjust if clutch
slips and overheats, or if clutch handle jumps out after
5. Pull clutch assembly off.
engagement. Use the following procedure:
6. To replace clutch, simply turn adjusting collar off
1. Release clutch and remove nameplate. Using a
and remove plate.
large screwdriver, turn adjusting ring clockwise,
one notch at a time, until firm pressure is
Reverse procedure for reassembly. Adjust and
required to engage clutch. See Figure 12-2.
lubricate following previous instructions.
Adjusting ring is spring loaded and does not
have to be loosened before adjustment is made.
Do not attempt to pry or force spring lock away
from the ring.

Adjustment
Ring
Spring
Lock

Figure 12-2. Adjusting Clutch.

12.2
 FORM NO.: 24 690 06 Rev. A
ISSUED: 9/10
REVISED: 1/11

FOR SALES AND SERVICE INFORMATION

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