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ASEAN Regional
Integration
Presentation to the Asian Development Bank
Andrew Billo
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the
Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee
the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The
countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily
conform to ADB's terminology.
Overview of migration flows
Internal vs. International
Rural to urban
Rural to rural
Intra-regional vs. Inter-regional
Regular vs. Irregular
Male vs. Female
Migrants vs. mobile populations
Key Figures
30% of the 191 million global migrants from Asia (UNDESA
2009)- other estimates put the total number of migrants
globally at over 200 million (IOM 2009)
Indonesia and the Philippines are the only ASEAN states where
the majority of migrants are women
Net migration rate by country
Net Migration/per 1000 population (estimated) for
2000-2005
Male:
Construction
Shipping
Fishing
Industrial manufacturing
Agriculture
Dominant Issues and Concerns, from a
gender perspective
Trafficking in men
Commercial brokering
Asymmetric power relationship with
employers and migrant labour
Misinformation, false expectations
Dominant Issues and Concerns, from a
gender perspective (Cont.)
Criminalisation/Prosecution issues
Length of time of court cases; limited Embassy resources;
Lack of gender awareness in law enforcement
Specific regional issues needing to be
addressed