eCars in the Smart Grid

Nürnberg, 04-May-2010 © Siemens AG

eCars – In the focus

Electric cars are on the way

Is there an impact on the infrastructure ?
© Siemens AG
Page 2 February 2010 Energy Sector
Long term story of eCar infrastructure

© Siemens AG
Page 3 February 2010 Energy Sector
 Impact on LV and MV Grid

HV Fast Charging,
Charging
Transmission Swapping Stations Parking garage Renewables
System
> 110 kV TU
TURB
RBO
O Pow
Pow er
er

Load Flow
Primary
MV Distribution
10 kV / 20 kV MV-Swgr
System
Load Flow Solutions needed for control of
load
oad flow
o and
a d power
po e quality
qua ty
Secondary e.g.
MV Distribution Distribution Management Systems / Virtual Power Plants
System Power Electronics
System Planning
Ring Main
Units

0,4 kV
Load Flow

LV LV-Switchgear
Distribution
E-car < 10 kWp Solar < 200 kWp CHP*< 50 kVA
System * Combined Heat and
E-Car Charging Spot
Power
© Siemens AG
Page 4 February 2010 Energy Sector
 Mobility facts
General statistics

Facts from statistics

ƒ Cars are parked 23 hours a day
ƒ Dependent on car type 10 – 30 kWh are needed for 100km
ƒ Reduced fuel costs: Electrical 2-6€ (20ct/kWh) vs. 7,50-12,00€ (5-8l/100km, 1,50€/l)
ƒ Average distance a day: <100 km
ƒ less
l th
than 10% off allll cars are simultaneously
i lt l on th
the street
t t
ƒ 43 Mio cars in Germany

Onboard battery capacity

Hybrid: 2 – 9 kWh (heavier construction results in ~25kWh/100km)
Electrical: currently up to 60 kWh (lighter construction results in ~15 kWh/100km)

Plugin facts:
3 kW on normal Socket (230V/16A)
10 kW (400V/16A) to 44 kW on 3 phase Socket (400V/63A)

© Siemens AG
Page 5 February 2010 Energy Sector
Charging scenarios
Car with 30 kWh battery and average consumption of 15kWh/100km

1. Plugged in at home (long charging period):

ƒ (Normal
(N l socket
k t max 3kW:
3kW FFully
ll charged
h d after
ft ~10
10 h
hours))
ƒ 3 phase socket max 10 kW: Fully charged after ~3 hours

2. Plugged in at service provider (parking time 1 to 6 h)

ƒ 3 phase socket: 3 kW to 44 kW

3. Service at electrical ‘gas station’ (recharging in < 20 min)

ƒ Exchange battery
ƒ Fast Charging up to 240 kW

© Siemens AG
Page 6 February 2010 Energy Sector
Scenario 1:
Plugged in at home

Just imagine ….
In a big
g city
y 200.000 cars g
get p
plugged
gg in
~
at the same time period (5-8 p.m.) and
=
get charged for about 5 hours.

3 phase
400 V
V, 16 A 600 MW 600 MW

Additional load for the grid

200.000 x 3 kW = 600 MW or 3 GWh

© Siemens AG
Page 7 February 2010 Energy Sector
Scenario 1:
Plugged in at home with a smart grid solution

With smart grid box:

~ IIn a big
bi city
it 200
200.000
000 cars gett plugged
l d iin
= at the same time period (5-8 p.m.) and
get charged for about 5 hours.

Internet

*) Energy buffer for private

solar energy generation!
The additional necessary 3 GWh
are distributed over the off-peak period

© Siemens AG
Page 8 February 2010 Energy Sector
Scenario 2: Plugged in at service provider
e.g. multi storey car park

Just imagine
~
IIn a big
bi multi
lti storey
t car park
k 1000 cars
=
get plugged in at the same time period
(8-9 a.m.) and get charged for about 5
hours.

3 MW 3 MW

LV City grid Additional load for the grid:

1000 x 3 kW = 3 MW or 15 MWh

© Siemens AG
Page 9 February 2010 Energy Sector
Scenario 2: Plugged in at service provider
e.g. multi storey car park with smart grid substation

With smart grid storage

~
IIn a big
bi multi
lti storey
t car park
k 1000 cars
=
get plugged in at the same time period
(8-9 a.m.) and get charged for about 5
hours.

The lload
Th d off 1
15 MWh iis shifted
hif d to off
ff
Energy Energy peak period
MV SWGR
SMART

storage storage

MV Cityy g
grid
MV substation
Necessary infrastructure
© Siemens AG
Page 10 February 2010 Energy Sector
 Scenario 3: Service at electrical ‘gas station’
Refill in 15 minutes: Turbo Charger

24 h a day Recharging
In a big electrical ‘gas station’ 1.000 cars per day
cars needd tto be
b recharged
h d with
ith 20 kWh
kWh.

Recharging time must be < 20 minutes

Turbo
T b charging
h i (80% charging:
h i ~100km):
100k )
Up to
600 VDC Today: 500 V DC, 125 A (Mitsubishi, Nissan, ..)
400 A
Approx 80 % of a Li-Ion battery’s capacity can
b recharged
be h d iin 20 minutes
i t (D(Depended
d d on
charging characteristic)

Energy Energy
MV SWGR
SMART

storage storage

MV substation
MV City grid
Necessary infrastructure
© Siemens AG
Page 11 February 2010 Energy Sector
What is next?

Let’s look at the facts:

An electrical car:
ƒ is an electrical storage system
ƒ is connected 23 hours a day to the grid with 10kW.
ƒ offers in average a capacity of 30 kWh

Just imagine ….
1.000.000 cars are connected to the grid with 10 kW:
ƒ This is a power station with max 10.000.000 kW = 10 GW.
This is comparable to 8 nuclear power stations with 1.2 GW

ƒ This would give a capacity of 30.000.000 kWh = 30 GWh:

This is more than the daily production of a nuclear power station

Questions:
ƒ Would the car owners allow that at all?
ƒ How
H much
h off th
their
i storage
t would
ld car owners rentt outt tto utilities
tiliti
ƒ How could new business models look like and how could we participate
© Siemens AG
Page 12 February 2010 Energy Sector
 What is next?

What could we do with a vehicle based virtual power plant which is:
ƒ completely decentralized
ƒ highly available
ƒ close to the energy consumers

We could:
ƒ Support the grid in high peak times
ƒ Shave peak load generation
ƒ Avoid unnecessary energy transport through the grid
ƒ Make more efficient use of renewable energy (wind and solar power)

What would it mean to the grid:

ƒ LV and MV grid has partly to be redesigned
ƒ Th smartt grid
The id h
has tto b
become reality
lit
ƒ Fixed and mobile energy storage technology is the new important component in the grid.
© Siemens AG
Page 13 February 2010 Energy Sector
The Siemens eCar Vision

DE

© Siemens AG
Page 14 February 2010 Energy Sector
Actual trends lead to the development of a new
market for the e-Cars
e Cars ecosystem

Trends The e-Car ecosystem

New
Boom of Mega- Player
Cities with a
need of green
drivingg
e-car
e car service
providers
Need to reduce Utility e-Car
dependency on
oil resources
Utilities Car makers

Increasing
environmental Car Market World [Total new car units in m.]
awareness and Combustion and Hybrid cars 84,9
80,9
,
regulations
l ti supportt 78,2
78 2 59
5,9
Fully electrical cars 75,3 4,0
72,3 2,3 (7%)
CO2 free solutions 68,9 1,5 (5%)
65,4 1,1 (3%)
61,6 0,6 (2%)
56,8 59,1 0,3 0,5
(1%)
(2%)
0,1 0,1 (1%)
(1%)
Advanced battery (0%) (0%)
technologies
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: E D MV 3 Business case
© Siemens AG
Page 15 February 2010 Energy Sector
 Pilots and close cooperation with customers are
the key for a successful market entry

ƒ Product positioning:
- Home/Public charging + IT (via pilots and lead customer)
Market - Regions:
introduction - selected countries in EU, USA, Asia
( 2010 – 2014):
Goal: Position Siemens as the provider of an
integrated e-car & infrastructure solution

ƒ Products positioning:
- Home charging (commodity)
Market - Public/Work charging (solution business)
penetration - IT Infrastructure (solution business)
(2015- 2019) ƒ Regions:
- Broader approach in Europe, USA, Asia

ƒ Products positioning:
- Home charging (commodity)
Mass
- Public/Work charging (solution business)
market
- Fast charging (via pilots and lead customer)
(from 2020): IT Infrastructure (solution business)
ƒ Regions:
- Worldwide rollout
© Siemens AG
Source: Expert interviews
Page 16 February 2010 Energy Sector
Portfolio Elements
End to end Integration in all domains

Domain 3: Domain 4:
Domain 1:
Integration
g with a central Operation
p Center Integration with
I t
Integration
ti with
ith the
th grid
id •Charging infrastructure Management
• Smart Grid Integration other
• Billing systems Infrastructures
• Service Desks / Back Office Systems
• Traffic Management
• Fleet Management & Navigation
• Security and Access Management
• Service and Maintenance
• System Operation

Parking

Domain
D i 2:
2
Energy Management Integration with the EV

Building

Grid Integration
g Traffic Management

Power
Communication
© Siemens AG
Page 17 February 2010 Energy Sector
 Siemens Portfolio for eCar Infrastructures

Integrated charging, energy supply and parking, Integrated solutions for the management of
solutions for home
home, public and semi-public use charging infrastructures, energy demand, traffic
and fleets

Support in all project phases

Service
Grid and System
Construction and
Traffic Planning Operation
Maintenance

Energy Management Car park systems

Wall box
Integrated eCar Infrastructure Solutions and Services

• Charging infrastructure Management

• Smart Grid Integration
• Billing systems
• Service Desks / Back Office Systems
• Traffic Management
• Fleet Management & Navigation
• Security and Access Management
• Service and Maintenance
• System Operation

Charging pole LV and MV distribution Multi space parking meters

AC/DC
© Siemens AG
Page 18 February 2010 Energy Sector
Siemens can offer the full scope for
eCar infrastructure

Hardware / Embedded software Energy Management and Control System Mgmt. New Services

Business & Value Added

Charging
Ch i Power
P Charger
Ch Smartt
S Infrastructure Services
Station Grid Network Grid Operation Fleet Management
(HW and Extension Control Integration Support Traffic Management
embedded SW)
Home Grid Energy Demand Side Navigation
Distribution Management Enterprise Resource
Inline Module Planning
g Content Distribution
Public and Management
a age e t
Company Grid Local Energy Billing & Rating Reservation
Wall Box SCADA System Management Charging Interaction
Grid Planning for Charger Masterdata
Simple AC Network Control Parking Management
Central Asset and
Charging Pole
Grid extension Energy Infrastructure Mgt eCar Tolling
and Decentralized Management
DC Charging energy Security & Access Mgt
strengthening
Pole management
g Communication Software Mgt
Grid Protection
Inductive Process Integration
Systems Smart Meter
Charging Spot Platform
Power System Meter Data Business Intelligence
Battery Swapping
Control Management
Station Infrastructure Control

Satellite System
O
Operations
ti O
Operations
ti
Mobile
Charging Spot Service Desk Operational
Infrastructure Planning
Field Service
Management Technical Operations

IT Operations Field Service

Siemens as provider of System integration up to turnkey solutions

© Siemens AG
Page 19 February 2010 Energy Sector
A smart integration of electric cars in the
infrastructure is the key for their success

© Siemens AG
Page 20 February 2010 Energy Sector