LABORATORY RESULTS

Name of Patient:

AGE:

SEX:

URINALYSIS

GROSS FINDINGS NORMAL RESULTS ANALYSIS

Color Straw to Amber dark brown or
smoky urine
Transparency Clear to slightly Slightly turbid Normal
turbid
pH 4.5-8 6.0 Normal
Sp.Gravity 1.005-1.030 1.010 Normal
Glucose Negative trace
Protien Negative +2

Squamous Epithelial Few Few

Cells
Red Blood Cells Few 2-7
Pus Cells Few 1-3
Mucus Few Few

Bacteria Few Few

HEMATOLOGY REPORT

NORMAL ACTUAL
PARAMETER ANALYSIS
VALUES VALUES

Increased; indicate high glucose level in the

Segmenters 0.55-0.65 0.86
blood

Lymphocytes 0.25-0.35 0.40 Increased; indicates infection

BLOOD CHEMISTRY REPORT

NORMAL ACTUAL
PARAMETER ANALYSIS
VALUES VALUES
Increased BUN levels suggest impaired kidney
BUN/ 1.7-8.3
10.10 function. This may be due to acute or chronic kidney
Urea Mmol/L
disease, damage, or failure.

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 LAB RESULTS: Definition, Interpretation and Nursing Considerations

URINALYSIS

Definition: A urinalysis is an array of tests performed on urine and one of the most
common methods of medical diagnosis. A part of a urinalysis can be performed by
using urine dipsticks, in which the test results can be read as color changes.

Interpretation: the urinalysis results are normal. Normal urine may vary in color from
almost colorless to dark yellow. Usually, glucose, ketones, protein, and bilirubin are
not detectable in urine. The following are not normally found in urine Hemoglobin,
Nitrites, Red blood cells, White blood cells.

Nursing Consideration: Special diets can change test results. For example, a diet low
in carbohydrates and high in protein and fat can raise ketone levels in the blood
which can then enter the urine.

HEMATOLOGY

Definition: Hematology, is the branch of internal medicine, physiology, pathology,

clinical laboratory work, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the
blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.

Interpretation: a low HGB indicates anemia, severe hemorrhage, hemolysis, cancer,

kidney disease, and splenomegaly. A low HCT indicates anemia, normal pregnancy,
hemorrhage and leukemia. A low RBC indicates anemia, which often leads to
fatigue. MCV decreases value may indicate iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia.
Decreased MCH occurs in microcytic anemia or hypochromic anemia. And the rest is
normal.

Nursing Consideration: should be aware of tests that do require special food

restrictions. Some tests require fasting prior to the test. Be sure you inform your
patient verbally and in writing. Be sure that the staff is informed of any food
restrictions. It is no secret that many tests and procedures had to be canceled at the
last minute because the patient ate some food. Be sure to mark the patient's chart,
diet list, and put signs in their room. Many hospitals have a specific procedure to

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follow for NPO. Be sure to follow this procedure and follow-up on keeping them
NPO, if required for testing or for the procedure. Also remember that some
tests/procedures might require that the patient consume a light meal, a liquid meal,
or other special diet.

X-RADIATION(X-RAYS)

Definition: X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation.

X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 10 to 0.01 nanometers, corresponding to
frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3 × 1016 Hz to 3 × 1019 Hz) and
energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV
rays.

Interpretation: Mild perihilar pneumonia, Mild pulmonary congestion, Cardiomegaly

Bilateral moderate pleural effusion
Nursing Consideration: The effect of X-rays on the film depends upon three factors:
PPV, the intensity of X-rays and the contrast equivalent X-ray tube voltage.

ULTRASOUND

Definition: Ultrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the
upper limit of human hearing. Although this limit varies from person to person, it is
approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz) in healthy, young adults and thus, 20 kHz
serves as a useful lower limit in describing ultrasound.

Interpretation: Kidneys – mild diffuse parenchymal disease consistent with AGN

Urinary bladder – unremarkable
Nursing Consideration: Patient education is an important part of preparation.
Discussion and consensus of the exact treatment goals with patients and their
families must be done prior to treatment.

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CREATININE BLOOD TEST

Definition: Creatinine blood test is used along with a BUN (blood urea nitrogen) test
to assess kidney function. Both are frequently ordered as part of a basic or
comprehensive metabolic panel (BMP or CMP), groups of tests that are performed to
evaluate the function of the body’s major organs.

Interpretation: Urine that is foamy, bloody, or coffee-colored , decrease in the

amount of urine, Problems urinating, such as a burning feeling or abnormal
discharge during urination, or a change in the frequency of urination, especially at
night , Mid-back pain (flank), below the ribs, near where the kidneys are located,High
blood pressure .

Nursing Consideration: Avoid Drugs that can interfere with creatinine clearance
measurements include: cimetidine, trimethoprim, and nephrotoxic drugs, such as
cephalosporins (e.g., cefoxitin). Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to
another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from
some people may be more difficult than from others.

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