Association - Multiplicity

A Student can take many Courses and many Students

can be enrolled in one Course.
UML and Classes, Objects
Student Course
and Relationships [ 2] * takes *

Defining Domain Models Using 254: Course

Alice: Student
Class Diagrams

Jill: Student 253: Course

1 2

Notes Notes

One class can be relate to another in a

Multiplicity can be expressed as,



One-to-one 

Exactly one - 1


One-to-many 

Zero or one - 0..1



One-to-one or more 

Many - 0..* or *


One-to-zero or one 

One or more - 1..*



One-to-a bounded interval (one-to-two 

Exact Number - e.g. 3..4 or 6

through twenty) 

Or a complex relationship – e.g. 0..1, 3..4,



One-to-exactly n 6..* would mean any number of objects



One-to-a set of choices (one-to-five or eight) other than 2 or 5

3 4

Association - Self Association - Self

An association that connects a class to A Company has Employees.

itself is called a self association. A single manager is responsible for up to 10 workers.

1
Employee
manager
Responsible worker
for 0..10

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 Association - Multiplicity Class Relationships

A cricket team has 11 players. One of them is the

captain.


Association
A player can play only for one Team. 

Generalization
The captain leads the team members.


Realization
Team
Member
Captain

1


Dependency
0..1
Player Team
10

11 member of 1
Captain
1

Leads
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Generalization (Inheritance) Generalization (Inheritance) e.g.

Child class is a special case of the parent

class Circle

SuperClass

GraphicCircle

SubClass1 SubClass2

9 10

Inheritance - I mplementation Abstract Class

public class Circle { Shape

public class GraphicCircle extends Circle {

Circle Rectangle
}

11 12
 Abstract class and method
Abstract Methods (Operations)
Implementation
public abstract class Shape {
Shape public abstract draw(); //declare
draw() without implementation
………
}

public class Circle {

public draw(){
Circle Rectangle …….
}
draw() draw() …..
}
13 14

Class Relationships Realization- Interface

Association


Interface is a set of operation the class

carries out


Generalization


Realization
Keyboard Keyboard


Dependency brandName <<interface>> brandName

numOfKeys TypeWriter numOfKeys
OR
ctl() ctl()
keyStroke() TypeWriter
pageDown() pageDown()

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Realization - Implementation Class Relationships

public interface TypeWriter {

void keyStroke()


Association
}


Generalization
public class KeyBoard implements TypeWriter {


Realization
public void keyStroke(){
………


Dependency
}
}

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Dependency Dependency cont


Change in specification of one class can 

Dependency relationship can be used to

change the other class. This can happen show relationships between classes and
when one class is using another class. objects.
f> >
ceO circleA:Circle
nst an
<i
Circle <

Circle
Point
Move(p:Point) <<
ins
t an
ce
Of circleB:Circle
>>

19 20

Class Diagrams Class Diagram - Example

Draw a class diagram for a information

The UML class diagram consists


modeling system for a school.

of several Classes, connected

School has one or more Departments.

Department offers one or more Subjects.
with Relationships.

A particular subject will be offered by only one

department.

Department has instructors and instructors can work

for one or more departments.

Student can enrol in upto 5 subjects in a School.

Instructors can teach upto 3 subjects.

The same subject can be taught by different

instructors.
21

Students can be enrolled in more than one school. 22

Class Diagram - Example Class Diagram - Example

School has one or more Departments. 

Department has Instructors and instructors can

work for one or more departments.
School Department
1 has 1..*
Instructor Department
1..* assigned to 1..*

Department offers one or more Subjects.

A particular subject will be offered by only one

Student can enrol in upto 5 Subjects.

department.

Department Subject Student Subject

1 offers 1..* * takes 0..5
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Class Diagram - Example Class Diagram - Example

Instructors can teach up to 3 subjects.

Students can be enrolled in more than one

The same subject can be taught by different school.

instructors.

1..* *
Instructor Subjects Student School
teaches 1..3 member 1..*

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Class Diagram Example Object Diagram

has

School Department


Object Diagram shows the

1 1..* 1..*
relationship between objects.
1…* 1
offeres
assignedTo
member


Unlike classes objects have a state.

* 1..* 1..*

attends teaches Instructor

Student Subject
* 1..5 1..3 1..*

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Object Diagram - Example

c1: Company

d1: Department d2: Department

name= “Sales” name= ”R&D”

manager employee

p1: Persont p2: Person

name= “John” name= “David”

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