Design drawings

(examples)

1. Block diagram (treatment scheme)

2. Process scheme

3. Hydraulic line scheme

4. Process flow diagram (PFD – Water treatment)

5. Lay-out and cross sections

6. Piping and instrument diagram (PID)

 substraction
1. Block diagram (treatment scheme)

cascade areation
A block diagram shows the order of the different treatment steps in the total treatment process.
This diagram is very rough and shows only the names of the processes and their relationship.
This diagram is important to give a quick insight in the treatment process.
The block diagram is useful for the process description and scenario studies. first rapid sand
filtration
On the right the block scheme of groundwater treatment plant “Welschap” is displayed.

Filtrate pumps

Packed tower
areation

Second rapid sand

filtration

Clear water storage

Distribution pumps
2. Process scheme

The process scheme is a schematic drawing of the basic design of a treatment plant.
The drawing shows in the most simple way the water flow and the process conditions during the treatment process.
In a process scheme parallel process units are drawn as one unit.
An important part of the scheme are the mass balances and the amounts of chemicals etc. which are dosed at a certain spot in the process.
3. Hydraulic line scheme

In the hydraulic line scheme the treatment process is drawn in the vertical plane and not necessarily the right scale.
In the vertical plane the most important levels are shown as the ground level, the roof, the level of closed constructions and the level of water mains. Also the pumps are
shown.
The hydraulic line scheme is important because the level of different processes is given so we can get a clear view of the hydraulics of the installation. Especially for
installations with open basins and open channels this is important.
4. Process flow diagram (PFD – Water treatment)

In the process flow diagram a schematic drawing of the installation is given with all process units drawn whether they are parallel or in series.
This main water flow diagram is necessary in order to show the operation of the total process in a relatively simple scheme.
In this diagram the pipes and the valves are also important. From the diagram it must be clear how the installation can be subdivided into streets and which process units and
processes can be connected serial or parallel. The main water flow scheme has only the main components in the water production including the valves and the flow meters.
The main purpose of this diagram is to get in an early stage of the design process a good overview of the process. Also for giving information to other parties this diagram can
be appropriate.
The PFD (main water flow scheme) of “Welschap”
5. Lay-out and cross sections

In the lay-out drawing the real size and the proposed place of the treatment units is shown.
In this way the needed surface area is visualised and a overview is given of the water flow through the plant.
The objects in the drawing are on the right scale. The cross-section drawings and the front view drawings show for each process unit relevant information as pipe dimensions,
concrete thickness and so on. These drawings are also on the right scale.
6. Piping and instrument diagram (PID)

The piping and instrument diagram (PID) is a schematic drawing of a treatment process installation with all the equipment, pipes, fittings and links to system documentation.