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• 1875 Bosnia & Herzegovina rose up and revolted against Muslim taxes.
- Nationalism
- Imperialism
- Alliances
1- Allied Powers: United Kingdoms, France, Russian Empire, Belgium, Serbia, Italy, Japan,
. Greece, and Romania.
2- Central Powers: German Empire, Austro Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, and Kingdom of
. Bulgaria
I. Massacre in WWI
B. Massacre:
• Burned villages.
• Russo-Turkish war.
• Germany wanted Ottoman Empire b/c they wanted support from Romania and Bulgaria .
In huge debt.
A. Kemalism/ Atatürkism
B. War of Independence
- Located in Ankara.
- Islam all over the world were against Kemel’s ideas b/c he made rules
. inferior to the laws of God.
- Liberal Government .
- Nationalist.
- Results:
-Young Turks deported Kurds from Djabachdjur, Palu, Musch, Erzurum, and Bitlis.
- Around 300,000 Kurds were forced to move southward to Urfa, and then westward to Aintab
. and Marasch.
- Turkish leaders wanted to eliminate Kurds by deporting them from their ancestral lands and
. dividing them into small pockets of exiled communities.
• Kemal Ata Turk prevented Kurdish autonomy that was promised by Treaty of Severs.
• Following these rebellions, the area of Turkish Kurdistan was put under material law and a
large number of Kurds were displaced.
RESULT
II. Kurdistan