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    Supratik Sarkar
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    good book

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    good book

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    4 просмотров266 страниц

    5 6287290762191176947

    Загружено:

    Supratik Sarkar
    good book

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    из 266
    GROWTH OF MUSLIM POPULATIO ; IN ' MEDIEVAL INDIA A.B, 1060 —1800} K. S. LAL Professor of History Aeivershty of Jodhper RESEARCH : DELHI By the sane anther History of the Khslis ‘Twillghe of the Suftanate Stuslim State in Indte Studies in Mediovat Indien History Stadies in Asien History (Ed.) ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, 1873 Rs 40.00 : PRINTED 18 1HOtA tes, 2/46, Ansari Road, Daryagan Pediished by RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS in Sotial St eer, Shabdera, Delhi-32. Delbi-§ and printed at RP. P/E, 1826-8, West Pohtas W PREFACE Wit influence of medieval Indian Muslims on Indian sncial order Fo 6 was active and palpable. And yet its dimension was not the vSatte all through the medieval gge rengimg. sav, bermeen A.D. 1000 and 1860. In the beginning Muslims were feo in pumbers, indeed very few. Obsiously the quantum ef their smpact at that Stage could have been only limeed. Tt grew ax the numbers grew. On the other hand, “while ‘te “pykarahee of Muslims im Inder gave the Hindu civilisation a big jolt. its influence on Indian socicly conuaned to yemain ever strong. In any society people have to coenist, ideas are exchanged, and different sections of people influence one another's life and theaght. So happened in medieval India too Mere the Muslims and Hindus clashed and eiexisted ; their mutual relations patsed through stresses and strains; but they also influenced cock other in social and cultural spheres, Side by side. all thransh the centuries of the Middle Ages the Muslim numbers went on rising. Increase in population is not merely a growth im numbers and. as W.E Moore points ont, at changes not ently “the size of social ystems....but also the com- plewuy and intesmlapansbip. or organizational forms within systems, usually with accompanying strains”, These seus led me to the conchusion that in any stindy of meheval fosiory and society ont one task should be to try to entimate how many Muslims gad mote Musthns there ser and 10 determine the propertion of Muslims in die overall populabor of India. ‘Then the poture of Ahustins fiveng and working with) the majority of nonm-Musiims wauld become cil more clear, For. “one fect is patentis clear, “fhe vast psajorty of Muslims jn India fand Pakistan? ere comvert® from indigenous elements, and the ‘two nation theory” Has oo Histerical boss Populitiea stinnes of ptecensns times are feng sucess fally ailerapied ip umeoy westera comttties, bet in Indig not much work bas been done un tins area. This beok is ufmost a inaition attempt Bi popslgtion study ey the meeval neriod. 1 need hurdiy be said “Sbat ie squeere afurnatin onthe deagn and size of population (vi) in medieval times from centemporary sources has been an uphill task. Besides, any study of population of pre-census times can bs based only on estimates and estimates by their very nature tend to be tentative, In our computation, however, sufficient historical evidence tas been forthcoming for any demographic behaviour. If nothing more, Ihave at least been able to collect in one place direct and indirect evidence leading to fairly good estimates of medieval Indian population, although the estimates themselves may not always be invulnerable to challenge. However I hope that the uniqueness, magnitude and delicacy of the task would make the reader indulgent and the crilic tolerant. . In this study I have found it fruitful to divide the eight cen- turies of the medieval period into four parts of two centuries cach, , and study the overall population as well as the growth of Muslim numbers separately for the periods A.D. 1000 to 1200, 1200 to 1400, 1400 to 1600, and 1600 to 1800, These bench-marks are not as arbitrary or unscientific as they look. The year 1000 saw the introduction of Muslims in the cis-Indus region consequent upon the invarious from Ghazni. 1200 witnessed the establishment of Turkish rule and 1400 its decline. Akbaz’s Age came to a close by about 1600. The two last centuries witnessed the peak of glory and the nadir of decline of Muslim power in Ini A number of friends, belonging to the University of Delhi where. this study was carried out, helped and encouraged me in completing’ the work. Professor Donald F.Lach of the University of Chicago and a Visiting Professor in the Department of History, Delhi Uni- versity, during the year 1967-68, gave me some Demographic Tables of European cities prepared for his own use. Dr. Ashish Bose, Professor of Demography in the Institute of Economic Growth, went through the first draft of the book, lent ready advice on many points, and helped me in preparing Tables and Diagrams. Dr. Suren Navalakha of the Asian Research Centre placed at my disposal some very valuable material on the growth of Muslim population in Bengal, Dr. Feroz Ahmad of the Physics Department ungrudg- ingly carried out for me some calculations on the electronic com- puter, and Dr. H. C. Varma was hind enough to prepare the Index. To all these and many others not mentioned here I owe a debt of “gratitude. K.S. Lal “CONTENTS ~ Part t The Data Gouiree « Materials, and Limitations of. Demographic Data cs !SOme Methodological Problems of Estimating. Ropu: Jation i Port 2 Total Population of Medieval India “HL. Total Population—Pre-1000 position ee cA, DB, 10n0- {206 WALD. 1600-1800 4 Part 3 a ron of Muslin Poputation in Medieval, India mie-Pre-i 600 Position “OS. AUB. ya00-1c00 HS ALD. 1600-1800 Pare at Components of Growth of Mustim Foputation, in Medieval India fim Population 8 NTU Cempatic < Bengal A BPAERE EF Bkeo Fhea dee. SOURCE MATERIALS AND UMITATIONS OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA The most imporidat source materials for the study of medieval Indian demography, as for the crady ef any other aspect of medeval bistury, mainly comprise contemporary Arabic and Persian georaphi- val and historical works. Of no less consequence are the accounts of forsign itinerants, ccpeeially Rurepean. Many modern works also help is eatunating the population of medieval times. These fall into three catngories, The first ser consists of those written in the pre-cemus yor, and attempting population estemates of past cemtaries, Actiral senses reparts front TRS) onwards fort the second set. Lastly, there are the writings of

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