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Conferenceon
AND FOOD S Y STE M S RESILIEN C E IN S U B- S AHARAN
EcologicalAgricul ture
:
MitigatingClimateChange,
ProvidingFoodSecurity
AndSelf-RelianceFor
RuralLivelihoodsIn Africa
CONCLUSIONSand
RECOMMENDATIONS
African Union Headquarters
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
26-28 November 2008
C LI M ATE C HANGE
TWN
Third World Network institute
for
sustainable development
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:
MitigatingClimateChange,
ProvidingFoodSecurityAndSelf-RelianceFor
RuralLivelihoodsIn Africa
CONCLUSIONSandRECOMMENDATIONS
Hira
African
Jhamtani,
UnionTWN
Headquarters
Indonesia
Associate TWN researcher Addis Ababa, Ethopia
based in Bali, Indonesia 26-28 November 2008
semestha@yahoo.com
Month 2009
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© FAO 2010
photo credits
cover & background image: courtesy of Marzio Marzot
previous page: ©FAO/J. Isaac
contents
Introduction................................................................................................................... 1
General views................................................................................................................ 2
Main conclusions.......................................................................................................... 3
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 5
Policy and planning.............................................................................................................................. 5
Research and development................................................................................................................... 6
Demonstration projects and technical assistance.............................................................................. 7
Implementation...................................................................................................................................... 7
annex
— iii —
Conference on Ecological Agriculture: Mitigating Climate Change, Providing Food Security
And Self‑Reliance For Rural Livelihoods In Africa-CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
— 1 —
African Union Headquarters, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-28 November 2008
Generalviews
CLIM ATE CHANGE AND FOOD SYSTEMS RESILIENCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
The Conference heard several presentations and discussed the challenges facing
African agriculture, not least among them the global food crisis, climate change
and the conflicts with inappropriate biofuels development. Moreover, land degradation
and the consequential loss of soil fertility, which are exacerbated by pests and
erratic rainfall associated with climate change, are major constraints to improving
agricultural production in Africa. Consequently, many local communities in African
countries are food insecure. Trade policies also have implications for African food
security and rural development, which need to be addressed, to stop the worrying
trend of food import dependency and increasing vulnerability to external shocks.
The steep rise in petroleum prices and the consequent increase in the cost of
chemical fertilizers and pesticides are making it essential to improve soil fertility
and agricultural productivity in Africa through effective management of the local
resources that are found in the agricultural and surrounding ecosystems. Many
diverse and creative ecological agriculture (including organic agriculture) practices
based on rich traditional knowledge and agrobiodiversity are found in Africa.
Where supported by appropriate research and policy, it has been shown that these
have been effective in tackling poverty and improving livelihoods.
In addition, this opens up the opportunity for Africa’s smallholder farmers to
become recognized as organic farmers producing for the growing global market
fetching fair prices for their products. The global organic market growth has been
about 15 percent per year over the past decade. Internal markets for organic
products are also developing rapidly, particularly where consumers are made aware
of the improvements to health from eating organic food.
The Conference heard presentations on the potential of ecological agriculture,
including organic agriculture, to meet food security needs in Africa. Concrete
examples and lessons learnt were presented from several African countries on
practices that have successfully increased productivity and yields of crops, provided
ecologically sound pest, weed and disease control, resulted in better water availability,
— 2 —
Conference on Ecological Agriculture: Mitigating Climate Change, Providing Food Security
And Self‑Reliance For Rural Livelihoods In Africa-CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS
met household and local food security needs, increased household income and
improved livelihood opportunities, especially for women who are the majority of
Africa’s farmers. Other presentations focused on the potential of ecological
agriculture to mitigate climate change, and to provide farmers with the means to
adapt to climate change.
Participants discussed the need for appropriate national policies to support and
build the capacity of farmers and agricultural professionals to implement and
mainstream ecological/organic agriculture in Africa. Some of the major barriers
and challenges to a transition to ecological agriculture were identified, and
recommendations for charting the way forward in terms of policies, action plans
and regional and international cooperation were made.
Mainconclusions
— 3 —
African Union Headquarters, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-28 November 2008
— 4 —
Conference on Ecological Agriculture: Mitigating Climate Change, Providing Food Security
And Self‑Reliance For Rural Livelihoods In Africa-CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations
Policy and planning
— 5 —
African Union Headquarters, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-28 November 2008
— 6 —
Conference on Ecological Agriculture: Mitigating Climate Change, Providing Food Security
And Self‑Reliance For Rural Livelihoods In Africa-CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS
Implementation
11. The international community and African regional and national organisations,
including the co-organisers of the Conference, are urged and encouraged to
undertake follow-up activities, including providing policy and technical
assistance to African governments, particularly the Ministries of Agriculture,
Environment and Trade, in order to vigorously support ecological/organic
— 7 —
African Union Headquarters, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-28 November 2008
— 8 —
Conference on Ecological Agriculture: Mitigating Climate Change, Providing Food Security
And Self‑Reliance For Rural Livelihoods In Africa-CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS
annexa
StandingCommitteeonecologicalagriculture
Burundi Mali
Annick Seziber Niaba Teme
Legal Representative Plant Breeder
CAPAD Researcher
Bujumbura Mali Institute of Rural Economy
Pascal Baridomo Bamako
Director Inades-Formation Burundi Salikou Sanogo
Bujumbura Coordinator of Institute for
Research & the Promotion of
Djibouti Alternatives in Development
Houssein Rayleh Ministry of Agriculture
Director of Djibouti Nature/ Planning and Statistics Department
Coordinator of the Horn of Africa Bamako
Regional Environment Network
Djibouti
Chamake Mohamed Youssouf
Djibouti Government employee
— 9 —
African Union Headquarters, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-28 November 2008
Nigeria Uganda
CLIM ATE CHANGE AND FOOD SYSTEMS RESILIENCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Rwanda Zambia
Aloys Semakuza Kusiyo Mbikusita Lewanika
Coordinator of BAIR Executive Director
Gisenyi Lyambai Institute of Development
Mongu
Somaliland Bernadette Lubozhya
Khadra Omer Smallholder farmer and
Chairperson Board member of OPPAZ
Bawaaqo Voluntary Organization (Organic Producers & Processors
(BVO) Association of Zambia)
Hargeisa Lusaka
Sudan Zimbabwe
Sumaia Elsayed Medicine Masiiwa
Ahfad University for Women Director, AIPAD Trust, Harare
Umdurnaman Mukura Tamuka
Hayat Ahmed Elmahi Economist, Ministry of Agriculture,
Sudanese Women General Union Harare
(SWGU)
Khartoum
Tanzania
Bashiru Abdul Hasani
Senior Program Officer
AGENDA
(Action for Environment & Development)
Dar es Salaam
Ombaeli Lemweli
Principal Economist
National Food Security Division
Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security
and Cooperatives
Dar es Salaam
— 10 —
Design: studio@bartoleschi.com | Italy, 2010