Problems

Section 6-3: The Ideal Operational Amplifier

P6.3-1

(checked using LNAP 8/16/02)

P6.3-2
Apply KVL to loop 1:

− 12 + 3000 i1 + 0 + 2000 i1 = 0
12
⇒ i1 = = 2.4 mA
5000
The currents into the inputs of an ideal op
amp are zero so
io = i1 = 2.4 mA
i2 = − i1 = − 2.4 mA
va = i2 (1000 ) + 0 = −2.4 V

Apply Ohm’s law to the 4 kΩ resistor

vo = va − io ( 4000 )
= −2.4 − ( 2.4 × 10−3 ) ( 4000 ) = −12 V

(checked using LNAP 8/16/02)

P6.3-3
The voltages at the input nodes of an ideal op amp
are equal so va = −2 V .

Apply KCL at node a:

vo − ( −2 ) 12 − ( −2 )
+ = 0 ⇒ vo = −30 V
8000 4000

Apply Ohm’s law to the 8 kΩ resistor

−2 − vo
io = = 3.5 mA
8000

(checked using LNAP 8/16/02)

P6.3-4
The voltages at the input nodes of an ideal
op amp are equal so v = 5 V .

Apply KCL at the inverting input node of the

op amp:
⎛ v −5 ⎞ −3
−⎜ a ⎟ − 0.1×10 − 0 = 0 ⇒ va = 4 V
⎝ 10000 ⎠

Apply Ohm’s law to the 20 kΩ resistor

va 1
i = = mA
20000 5

(checked using LNAP 8/16/02)

P6.3-5
The voltages at the input nodes of
an ideal op amp are equal, so
va = 0 V . Apply KCL at node a:

⎛ v − 0 ⎞ ⎛ 12 − 0 ⎞ −3
−⎜ o ⎟−⎜ ⎟ − 2 ⋅10 = 0
⎝ 3000 ⎠ ⎝ 4000 ⎠
⇒ vo = − 15 V
Apply KCL at the output node of
the op amp:
v v
io + o + o = 0 ⇒ io = 7.5 mA
6000 3000
(checked using LNAP 8/16/02)
P6.3-6
The currents into the inputs of an ideal op amp
are zero and the voltages at the input nodes of
an ideal op amp are equal so va = 2.5 V .
Apply Ohm’s law to the 4 kΩ resistor:
v 2.5
ia = a = = 0.625 mA
4000 4000

Apply KCL at node a:

ib = ia = 0.625 mA
Apply KVL:
vo = 8000 ib + 4000 ia
= (12 ×103 )( 0.625 × 10−3 ) = 7.5 V

(checked using LNAP 8/16/02)

P6.3-7

⎛ v − 0 ⎞ ⎛ va − 0 ⎞ R2
−⎜ s ⎟ − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 0 = 0 ⇒ va = − vs
⎝ R1 ⎠ ⎝ R 2 ⎠ R1

0 − va 0 − va R 2 + R3 ⎛ R 2 + R3 ⎞
io = + =− va = ⎜
⎜ R1 R 3 ⎟⎟ s
v
R2 R3 R 2 R3 ⎝ ⎠
⎛ v − 0 ⎞ ⎛ va − 0 ⎞ R4 R2 R4
−⎜ o ⎟ −⎜ ⎟ + 0 = 0 ⇒ vo = − va = vs
⎜ R 4 ⎟ ⎜ R3 ⎟ R3 R1 R 3
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
P6.3-8

The node voltages have been

labeled using:

1. The currents into the

inputs of an ideal op amp are
zero and the voltages at the
input nodes of an ideal op
amp are equal.

2. KCL

3. Ohm’s law

Then

v0 = 11.8 − 1.8 = 10 V
and
10
io = = 2.5 mA
4000

(checked using LNAP 8/16/02)

P6.3-9
KCL at node a:

va − ( −18 ) v
+ a + 0 = 0 ⇒ va = −12 V
4000 8000

The node voltages at the input nodes of

ideal op amps are equal, so vb = va .

Voltage division:

8000
vo = vb = −8 V
4000 + 8000
(check using LNAP 8/16/02)
P6.3-10
Label the circuit as shown. The current in resistor R 3 is
i s . Consequently:
v a = i s R3

Apply KCL at the top node of R 2 to get

va ⎛ R3 ⎞
i= + i s = ⎜1 +
⎜ R 2 ⎟⎟ s
i
R2 ⎝ ⎠
Using Ohm’s law gives

vo − va ⎛ R3 ⎞ ⎛ R1 R 3 ⎞
= i = ⎜1 + ⇒ v o = ⎜ R1 + R 3 +
⎜ R 2 ⎟⎟ s ⎟⎟ i s
i
R1 ⎜ R
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

We require
R1 R 3
R1 + R 3 + = 20
R2
e.g. R1 = 5 kΩ and R 2 = R3 = 10 kΩ .
(checked: LNAP 6/2/04)

P6.3-11
Label the circuit as shown. Apply KCL at the top
node of R 2 to get

vs − va va ⎛ R2 ⎞
= + 0 ⇒ va = ⎜
⎜ R1 + R 2 ⎟⎟ s
v
R1 R2 ⎝ ⎠

Apply KCL at the inverting node of the op amp to

get
vo − va va ⎛ R3 + R 4 ⎞ ⎛ R3 + R 4 ⎞ ⎛ R 2 ⎞ R 2 ( R3 + R 4 )
= + 0 ⇒ vo = ⎜ ⎟ va = ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ vs = vs
R3 R4 ⎜ R4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎜ R 4 ⎟ ⎜ R1 + R 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ( R1 + R 2 ) R 4

We require
R 2 ( R3 + R 4 )
=5
(R 1 + R2 ) R4

e.g. R1 = R 2 = 10 kΩ , R3 = 90 kΩ and R 4 = 10 kΩ .
(checked: LNAP 6/2/04)