Nemerle is notable

Nemerle is notable

Denis Rystsov
twitter.com/rystsov
rystsov.denis@gmail.com

2011
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Origin
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Nemerle Experience
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Environment
Managed compiler written in Nemerle
Visual Studio 2008 plugin with debugger and autocomplete
Free IDE based on Visual Studio Isolated Shell
Sharpdevelop plugin
Mono support
NAnt plugin
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Why not try?

Nemerle is almost a superset of

C#, so if you know C# you can
use Nemerle.
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Why not try?

By the way, Nemerle's compiler

can compile C# code, so you
can try it on exising C# project
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Why not try?

Why not try?

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Part I - use your C# habits

Part I - use your C# habits

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Hello world / C#
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Hello world / Nemerle

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Extension Methods / C#
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Extension Methods / Nemerle

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LINQ / C#
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LINQ / Nemerle
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Object Initialization / C#
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Object Initialization / Nemerle

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Anonymous Types / C#
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Anonymous Types / Nemerle

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Yield return / C#
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Yield return / Nemerle

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Dynamic / C#
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Dynamic / Nemerle
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Type casting / C#
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Type casting / Nemerle

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Try..Catch / C#
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Try..Catch / Nemerle
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Partial / C#
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Partial / Nemerle
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Arrays / C#
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Arrays / Nemerle
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Attention! Wild dinosaur!

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Goto?

What is about..

GOTO?
unlike C# Nemerle doesn't support it, but..
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The proper use of goto

The only one legal usage of goto is

exit from nested loops
Nemerle provides a better
solution  named code blocks
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Named code blocks

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Beyond C#

After this short intro you can

write apps in Nemerle in C#
style.
But Nemerle goes far beyond it
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Desired C# features

It
supports
the most desired
features of the next
versions of C# right now
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Part II - desired C# features

Part II - desired C# features

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Object initializers with events

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Painless XML generation

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INotifyPropertyChanged language support

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`Safe navigation' operator

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Design by contract
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Sequence initialization (list comprehension)

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Yield from lambda

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Improved lazy support

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Part III  functional programming

Part III  functional

programming (FP)
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What is FP?

Typical signs of FP
Monads
Type inference
Pattern matching
Algebraic data types
Built-in tuple support
Local (nested) functions
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Nemerle supports FP

Nemerle supports it all

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Type inference
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Local functions
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Built-in tuple support

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Monads

Monad is creational functional programming design

pattern that deals with computation creation.

The upcoming C# 5 async/await feature is particular

case of a monad (creation of asynchronous
computation).

Computation expressions are monads + monoids.

Nemerle supports computation expressions.
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Monads

Consequently Nemerle supports

the upcoming C# 5
async/await feature right now
among the other monads.
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Example of easy composition of two async methods

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Algebraic data types

Short intro to
algebraic data types
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Algebraic data types

Let's learn ADT by example

Suppose we need to work with
expressions like

a + sin(b)
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Algebraic data type

Of couse we need trees

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OOP approach to trees (class hierarchy)

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FP approach to trees (ADT - algebraic data type)

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Algebraic data type  semantic

After we rewrite OOP code with variant (ADT) we

should consider
`Sum' as a constructor of type `Tree'
`l',`r' as its params (not a Tree.Sum's elds)

But if they are params, how get them back from a

`Tree' typed object?
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Algebraic data type  Disassembling (pattern matching)

Pattern matching solves this problem. It checks if object is

constructed with constructor specied in a pattern and if it is true
it binds actual parameters of constructor with names of variables
the pattern.

Let's see on the following example.

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Pretty Printing of `Tree' typed object

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Algebraic data type  OOP vs. FP

OOP

72 SLoC (pretty printing with

visitor pattern)
FP

25 SLoC (pretty printing with

pattern matching)
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Variant is OOP enabled algebraic data type

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Pattern matching goes beyond disassembling

Pattern matching can be nested.

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Almost all features are macros

Nemerle seems to be complex,

but. . .
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Almost all Nemerle features are macros

Don't worry
Nemerle is a simple language and almost all features are
macros  parts of standard library, not a language.

Macros is a plugin to compiler. You can write your own

macros to introduce new language constructs or eDSL.
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Almost all Nemerle features are macros

You've already meet macros in

this presentation, they are. . .
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Almost all Nemerle features are macros

LINQ Object initialization Anonymous types

Late (dynamic) XML-Literals
INotifyPropertyChanged macro Safe navigation
Design by contract Computation expressions
Lazy macro

and even

if while foreach
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Advanced macros

Beside macros copying useful features from another

languages there are macros adding unique features.

One of them is Nemerle.Peg. It is a macro-library

that allows to describe grammar in the attribute and
during the compilation necessary methods for parsing
text in this grammar will be added to the class.

Also there are some macros supporting design

patterns.
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Nemerle is cool

Nemerle is cool.
It was proved.
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Metric

Some metric of using Nemerle

in home pet long-term research
project
uniquation.com formula search
engine
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Metric

Two years ago rst prototype was rewritten from C# to

Nemerle in 3 days. Nemerle experience before 0.
Code was reduced by 46%.

Last month a new macro library (Nemerle.Peg) was applyed.

Code was reduced by 15%.
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Additional materials

Nemerle on google code

Nemerle site

Sources code of examples shown in this presentation