Grade 10 chemistry Lab 3 Quarter 3 Name _____________________

Formulas from Puzzle Pieces Grade 10 _______

Introduction:

The formulas of compounds can be determined by making sure their oxidation

states add up to zero. This can be more easily visualized with puzzle pieces. An
element with an oxidation state of +1 is represented by a puzzle piece with one
tab jutting out. An element with an oxidation state of + 2 is represented by a
puzzle piece with two tabs jutting out. On the other hand, negative ions have
indentations. An element with an oxidation state of –1 has one indentation and
an element with an oxidation state of –2 has two indentations.

Fig

One calcium ion reacts with two nitrate ions to form calcium nitrate: Ca+2 + 2NO3
 Ca(NO3)2

Materials: Puzzle pieces, scissors

1. Cut out the puzzle pieces from the puzzle sheets provided.
2. Use the puzzle pieces to construct a model of the compound formed from the
combination of the ions Fe2+ and Cl–.
3. Make a drawing of the model of the compound in the space provided in the
observations section of the laboratory investigation.
4. Based on the model, write the formula of the compound in a table form.
5. Repeat the procedures in steps 2 through 4 for each of the following ion
combinations.
Conclusion:

1. Why do FeO and Fe2O3 have different formulas even though they are composed
of the same element?
2. How do the puzzle pieces of Al3+ and Fe3+ compare? Why?
3. When a compound forms from Li+ and S2O32-, what is the formula, oxidation
state of ions, sum of oxidation of non metals, sum of oxidation states of the
compound.
4. How can puzzle pieces be used to determine formulas?

EXTRA SUPPORT INFO:

The determination of the oxidation number (or oxidation state) of chemical

compounds can be made by following a few simple rules.

1. The oxidation numbers of an atom or the atoms in a neutral molecule must add
up to zero.
2. If an atom or molecule is ionic its oxidation number must add up to its overall
charge.
3. Alkali metal atoms (Group I) have an oxidation number equal to +1 within
compounds. Alkali earth atoms (Group II) have an oxidation number of +2 within
compounds.
4. Fluorine always has a -1 oxidation number within compounds.
5. All halogens (besides fluorine) have a -1 oxidation number in compounds, except
when with oxygen or other halogens where their oxidation numbers can be
positive.
6. Hydrogen is always assigned a +1 oxidation number in compounds, except in
metal hydrides (e.g. LiH) where the previous rules apply. In the case of LiH lithium
is assigned a +2 charge (rule C) leaving hydrogen to neutralize the compound with
a -2 charge.
7.Oxygen is assigned an oxidation number of -2 in compounds, with two
exceptions...

Examples: (The positive oxidation state, the negative oxidation state, relevant to the
atoms underneath them.)

+1 -2 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -½ 0 +6 -2
N2O LiH H2O2 KO2 O2 SO42-
Conclusion:
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Lab Title _____________________________________________________________
Student Name _____________________________
weigh
Criteria level t score
0 1 2
Lab performance (on task, not chatty, not seeking answers from classmates) 3

Title/Appearance:
• Lab date, title and your name & lab is neat 1

Data collection and processing:

• pieces of puzzles are placed correctly (include neatness) 2
• combination of ions, formula and name of the compound in a table form
(columns headers) 3

Conclusion:
• answered the 4 points raised in conclusion section of the lab 4
Total 13 X 2
Fe2+ and Cl– Cs+ and P3–

Fe3+ and Cl– Mg2+ and N3–

Fe3+ and OH– Fe2+ and O2–

K+ and O2– H+ and Cl–

Fe3+ and CO32– Na+ and As3–

Al3+ and Br– Ca2+ and F–

Ag+ and S2– H+ and SO42–

NH4+ and PO43– Ca2+ and HCO3–