Notes

Naming--> Remember the roman numerals for compounds that contain multiple charges
ex. FeF3 --> Iron (II) fluoride <-- Notice the Roman numeral
-Nick the camel ate clam supper in phoenix --> Nitrate carbonate chlorate Sulphate phosphate
Oxygen decreasing and increasing
^ hypo ite < ite < ate > per ate/ic ate is the normal # of oxygen --> to the right is adding 1
oxygen --> To the left is decreasing 1 oxygen each time.
Ex. Sodium hypocarbonite --> Na(Co) --> changes to Co because normal is Co3 and it has to decrease
by 2 oxygen judging by the line above.
*remember that each element in a compound's charge has to match!*
CaH2--> Calcium HYDRIDE --> When you have a “H”at the end of the compound it is always
“Hydride”in the iupac name.

Balancing
Just make sure to check your numbers on each side to match.
Ex. K + I2 + --> KI ----> Balanced equation = 2K + I2 --> 2KI
Lewis diagrams:

Moles
Avogadro number --> 6.02 x 10^23 particles
N= Molecule/ particle NA--> Avogadro number n--> normal mole
N= n x NA --->Finding molecules/particles
-When you have molecules/particles you can find atoms. -->By first finding the number of atoms in the
compound so basically see how much of each element there are and add them up. Afterwards times the
number of atoms in the compound with the N and you will get the atoms of the compound =]
n=m/M Molarmass-> count the co-efficient in front of the compound --> 2Na *Except while you are
doing a procedure that includes mole ration whereas you don't include the coefficient when you are
finding its molar mass.
*Ask Mr B about the above part on the molar mass calculation,ask why when the compound is in an
equation the coefficient doesn't count and when it is alone it counts*
Mostly in stoichiometry you do not find the molar mass including the coefficient in front of the
compound.

Limiting reagents
Use normal mole calculations and then sue mole ratio calculations to find the L.R and then use the
mole of L.R to find the mole of w.e you need to find and then you will have your moles. Then if you
need to find the mass simply use m= n x M.

Empirical/molecular

Find the moles of ea ch element and then divide the mole with the lowest moles to find the ratio. Then
that is the number of the element int he compound. Empirical is the shorten version of a M.F so in
order to find M.F. Simply find the molar mass of the E.F and the molar mass given and divide them
and then you'll get a number and times each number you got from the EF by that number.

Solutions-->(Be careful of what the questions are asking for.)

formulas --> C=n/v C1v1= c2v2 Sometimes you may need to use n=m/M and other equation to
help you find the answers. Always change to Litres (dividing the mL by 1000)
M/v %v = Mass/volume x100%
m/m% = mass of solute / mass of solution x100%
v/v% --> volume of solute / volume of solution x100
Acids/Bases
Basically you need to know the conjugate base/acid and the theories
Arrhenius theory-->Acids dissolved in water will produce H ions , Base dissolved in water will
produce hydroxide ions.

Bronsted theory--> Acids are proton donors. Base are proton acceptors. Every acid has conjugate base
and every base have conjugate acid. (Ask about the conjugate pairs in class)

Average atomic mass= (Atomic number 1)(Atomic mass of 1) + (atomic number 2)(atomic mass of 2)

Gases
Pv= nrt
Always use Kelvins as temperatures and Litres.
R is a constant -->
STP-->
SATP-->