NUMERICALMETHODSANDLINEARPROGRAMMING

UNIT-III
TWOMARKSANDASSIGNMENTQUESTIONS
1. Definefinitedifferences.
Solution:
Thefirstdifferencesof aredenotedby .
Thatis

...

2. Defineforwarddifferenceoperator .
Solution:
Consider thearguments
iscalledinterval of differencing.
Theforwarddifferenceoperator isdefinedas

=
Andsoon.
3. Definebackwarddifferenceoperator .
Solution:
Theforwarddifferenceoperator isdefinedas

=
4. Formtheforwarddifferencetable.
Solution:
Thefiniteforwarddifferencesof afunctionarerepresentedbythetable

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5. Formthebackwarddifferencetable.
Solution:
Thefinitebackwarddifferencesof afunctionarerepresentedbythetable

6. DefineCentral differnceoperator .
Solution:
Thecentral differenceoperator isdefinedas

7. DefineShifftingorDisplacementor Translationoperator .
Solution:
TheShifftingor Displacementor Translationoperator isdefinedby
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 Also

8. DefineInverse operator .
Solution:
TheInverseoperator isdefinedby

9. Whatarethepropertiesof operators.
Solution:
(a). Theoperators areall linear operators.
Proof:

Hence islinear operator.

Case: 1 Put weget
Case: 1 Put weget
(b). Theoperator isdistributiveover addition.
.
10. Findtherelationbetweentheoperators .
Solution:
Weknowthat

11. Findtherelationbetweentheoperators .
Solution:
Weknowthat

12. Findtherelationbetweentheoperators .
Solution:
Weknowthat

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 13. Findthegeneral termof thesequence alsofindthe term.
Solution:
Tofindgeneral :
W.k.t

Tofind term: Put

14. Provethat .
Proff:

Hence .
Also

Hence . Therefore .

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15. Provethat .
Proff:

Hence .
16. Provethat .
Proff:

17. Provethat .
Proff:

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18. Provethat .
Proff:
19. StateGregory-Newton’sforwadr interpolationformula(or) Mewton’sforwarddifference
formula.
Solution:
TheNewton’sforwadinterpolationformulafor isdefinedby

Thisformulaisusedtofindthevaluesof nearer tothebegining valueof thetable.

20. StateGregory-Newton’sbackwardinterpolationformula(or) Mewton’sbackwarddifference
formula.
Solution:
TheNewton’sbackwardinterpolationformulafor isdefinedby

Thisformulaisusedtofindthevaluesof nearer totheendingvalueof thetable.

21. StateGauss’s forwadinterpolationformula.
Solution:
TheGauss’s forwadinterpolationformulafor isdefinedby

Thisformulacanbeusedonlywhen liesbetween .

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 22. StateGauss’s Backward interpolationformula.
Solution:
TheGauss’s backwadinterpolationformulafor isdefinedby

Thisformulacanbeusedonlywhen liesbetween .
23. StateBessel’sformula.
Solution:
Thebessel’s formulafor isdefinedby

24. StateLaplace-Everett formula.

Solution:
TheLaplace-Everett formulafor isdefinedby

PART-B
1. Findthevaluesof fromthefollowingdata.

2. Thepopulationof atownisasfollows.
Year 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991
Population 20 24 29 36 46 51
Estimatethepopulationincreaseduringtheperiod .
3. Fromthefollowingtablefind .

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4. Findapolynomial of degreefour whichtakesthevalues

5. If
byGauss’sbackward &forwardformula.
6. Usingthefollowingtable, applyGauss’sforwardandbackwardformulatoget

7. Thepopulationof atownisasfollows.
Year 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951
Population 15 20 27 39 52
Estimatethepopulationincreaseduringtheperiod .
8. UsingGaussforwardformulatoget giventhat
.
9. Fromthefollowingtable, estimate correcttofivedecimal placesusing
(i). Bessel’sFormula (ii). Laplace’sformula.

10. Thefollowingtablegivesthevaluesof theprobabilityintegral for certainvalues

of Findthevalueof thisintegral when using (i). Bessel’sformula (ii) Evrett’sformula.
0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57
0.5292437 0.5378987 0.5464641 0.55549392 0.5633233 0.5716157 0.5798158
11. Fromthefollowingtable, find usingEverett’sformula, Bessel’sformula.

12. Fromthefollowingtable, find ,

13. Fromthefollowingtable, estimate byproper formula,

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14. Estimatetheproductionof theyear fomthefollowingtable

15. Findthemissingterminthefollowing

16. Find if giventhatthethirddifferencesareconstants.

17. Firstthefirsttermof theserieswhoosesecondandsubsequenttermsare .
18. Find fromthetablebelow. Alsofind .
19. Findthe termof thesequence andalsofindthegeneral term.
20. Findthesixthtermof thesequence