Introduction

Dentistry is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and
treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the
adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body. dentistry is widely
considered necessary for complete overall health. Those who practice dentistry are known as
dentists.

The majority of dental treatments are carried out to prevent or treat the two most common
oral diseases which are dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal disease (gum disease or
pyorrhea). Common treatments involve the restoration of teeth as a treatment for dental caries
(fillings), extraction or surgical removal of teeth which cannot be restored, scaling of teeth to
treat periodontal problems and endodontic root canal treatment to treat abscessed teeth.

Dentists also encourage prevention of dental caries through proper hygiene (tooth brushing
and flossing), fluoride, and tooth polishing. Dental sealants are plastic materials applied to
one or more teeth, for the intended purpose of preventing dental caries (cavities) or other
forms of tooth decay.

Tooth Anatomy

People use their teeth to bite and chew food - they are the first step in the digestion of food.
The long, sharp canine teeth tear up food (like meat). The wide, flat molars grind and mash
up food. While we chew food, the tongue pushes the food to the teeth and saliva helps
digestion and wets the food. Teeth also help us say certain sounds.

People have two sets of teeth in their lives, the primary teeth (also called the baby, milk or
deciduous teeth) and the permanent teeth (also called the adult or secondary teeth). Children
have 20 primary teeth; they are replaced by the permanent teeth by about age 13. Adults have
32 permanent teeth.
Primary Teeth:
Most babies are born with no visible teeth -- the teeth are forming inside the gums. The 20
primary teeth (also called baby teeth or first teeth) erupt (poke through the gums) over the
time from when a baby is from about 6 months to a year old.
Permanent Teeth:
Primary teeth fall out and are replaced by 32 permanent teeth (also called the adult teeth).
This happens over the time from when a child is from about 6 to 14 years old. As a
permanent tooth forms under the gums and in the jawbone, the roots of the primary tooth it is
replacing dissolve. Then the primary tooth becomes loose and falls out. The permanent tooth
will fill the space.

Wisdom Teeth: Wisdom teeth (also called the third molars) are molars that usually erupt
from the ages of 17 to 21.

Tooth Glossary:

 Canine (also called cuspid) - a type of tooth with a single point (also called canine
tooth) and a single root. Cuspid teeth are used to hold and tear food. Adults have 4
canine teeth (2 in the top jaw and 2 in the bottom jaw). Canine means, "of or like a
dog."

 cementum - a layer of tough, yellowish, bone-like tissue that covers the root of a
tooth. It helps hold the tooth in the socket. The cementum contains the periodontal
membrane.

 crown - the visible part of a tooth.

 dentin - the hard but porous tissue located under both the enamel and cementum of
the tooth. Dentin is harder than bone.

 enamel - the tough, shiny, white outer surface of the tooth.

 gums - the soft tissue that surrounds the base of the teeth.

 incisor - a type of tooth with a narrow edge (in humans, the front teeth). Incisors are
used to cut food. An incisor has 1 root. Adult humans have 8 incisors (4 in the top jaw
and 4 in the bottom jaw).

 molar - a wide, flat tooth found in the back of mammal's mouths. Molars grind food
during chewing. Molars in the top jaw have 3 roots; molars in the lower jaw have 2
roots. Adults have 12 molars (6 in the top jaw and 6 in the bottom jaw).

 nerves - nerves transmit signals (conveying messages like hot, cold, or pain) to and
from the brain.

 periodontal membrane/ligament - the fleshy tissue between tooth and the tooth
socket; it holds the tooth in place. The fibers of the periodontal membrane are
embedded within the cementum.
  premolar (also called bicuspid) - the type of tooth located between the canine and
the molars in humans. A bicuspid tooth has 1 root. Bicuspids have two points (cusps)
at the top. Adults have 8 premolars (4 in the top jaw and 4 in the bottom jaw).

 pulp - the soft center of the tooth. The pulp contains blood vessels and nerves; it
nourishes the dentin.

Orthodontics

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that corrects teeth and jaws that are positioned
improperly. Crooked teeth and teeth that do not fit together correctly are harder to keep clean,
are at risk of being lost early due to tooth decay and periodontal disease, and cause extra
stress on the chewing muscles that can lead to headaches, TMJ syndrome and neck, shoulder
and back pain. Teeth that are crooked or not in the right place can also detract from one's
appearance.

The benefits of orthodontic treatment include a healthier mouth, a more pleasing appearance,
and teeth that are more likely to last a lifetime.

Orthodontic Terms

Band: A metal ring that is placed on some teeth to hold wires or other parts of braces.

Bracket: A metal or ceramic fixture that is bonded onto a tooth. It serves as a way of
connecting the arch wire to the teeth.

Buccal tube: The buccal tube is a slot to hold arch wires, lip bumpers, headgears and other
things your dentist uses to move teeth.

Headgear: A headgear is a wire apparatus used to move the upper molars back in the arch to
create room for crowded or protrhuded front teeth.

Hook: The place on the bracket or band where the elastics are attached.

Ligature: Small elastic, shaped like a donut, which is used to hold the arch wires in the
brackets.

Lip bumper: A lip bumper is used to move the lower molars back to create space for other
teeth.

Mouth guard: A soft rubber form that covers the teeth to prevent injury while playing sports.

Neck pad: A neck pad is a cloth-covered cushion that is worn around the neck with a
headgear.

Nickel Titanium or (Ni Ti): An especially flexible orthodontic wire which allows for tooth
movement over a longer period.
Retainer: A plastic appliance that can be used to move teeth, or to wear after orthodontic
treatment. The retainer attaches to the upper or lower teeth and helps them settle into a stable
position. The purpose of retainers is to prevent your teeth from shifting back into their
original position, they should be worn at least until your jawbone and gums have had time to
stabilize around your newly-aligned teeth.

Diastema: A space between the two front teeth.

Full orthodontic treatment: Full brackets on all the teeth.

Lingual appliances: Orthodontic brackets placed on the inside of the teeth. They are placed
on the lingual part of your teeth, next to your tongue.

Lingual arch: An orthodontic wire attached from molar to molar on the inside of your teeth
to hold space.

Lingual retainers: A lingual arch that goes from canine to canine (with bands or bonded) to
keep the front teeth in place.

Malocclusion: Poor positioning of the teeth or jaw.

Stop: A bend or attachment placed on a wire to stop the arch wire from sliding or moving
into the slot of the bracket.

Tracing: A drawing traced of a cephalometric X-ray that shows specific structures and
landmarks that provided the basis for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Need of Orthodontics

Only your dentist or orthodontist can determine whether you can benefit from orthodontics.
Based on diagnostic tools that include a full medical and dental health history, a clinical
exam, plaster models of your teeth, and special X-rays and photographs, an orthodontist or
dentist can decide whether orthodontics are recommended, and develop a treatment plan
that's right for you.

If you have any of the following, you may be a candidate for orthodontic treatment:

 Overbite, sometimes called "buck teeth" — where the upper front teeth lie too far
forward (stick out) over the lower teeth
 Under bite — a "bulldog" appearance where the lower teeth are too far forward or
the upper teeth too far back
 Cross bite — when the upper teeth do not come down slightly in front of the lower
teeth when biting together normally
 Open bite — space between the biting surfaces of the front and/or side teeth when the
back teeth bite together
 Misplaced midline— when the centre of your upper front teeth does not line up with
the canter of your lower front teeth
  Spacing — gaps, or spaces, between the teeth as a result of missing teeth or teeth that
do not "fill up" the mouth
 Crowding — when there are too many teeth for the dental ridge to accommodate

Under bite Open Bite Crowding

Cross bite Overbite

Treatment:

Braces and Retainers

Everyone has a slightly different bite, so treatment techniques vary. Braces are the most
common approach. They help to move the teeth slowly by applying precise amounts of light
pressure over a long period of time.

Most orthodontic treatments occur in two phases:

 The active phase &— Braces or other appliances are used to move the teeth into
proper alignment and correct the bite.
 The retention phase &— A retainer is used to hold the teeth in their new positions
for the long term.

In addition to braces, orthodontists sometimes use special appliances (called functional

appliances) to direct the growth of the jaw in young children. These appliances are rarely
used in adults. That's because they are not effective after growth is complete.

Getting Braces
You can choose braces (brackets) made of metal, ceramic or plastic. However, orthodontic
treatment is most often done using stainless steel brackets.

Ceramic or plastic brackets often are chosen for the sake of appearance. But plastic brackets
may stain and discolour by the end of treatment. Bands made of plastic or ceramic also have
more friction between the wire and brackets. This can increase treatment time. Your
orthodontist will discuss the available options.

Braces work by applying continuous pressure to move teeth in a specific direction. Braces are
usually worn for about one to three years, depending on how severe your problem is. As
treatment progresses, teeth change position. Your orthodontist will adjust the braces as
needed.

A few decades ago, braces consisted of thick bands of steel wrapped around all of the teeth.
These days, stronger bonding agents are available. Smaller braces can be used, and
orthodontic bands rarely have to be used on front teeth.

When applying braces, the orthodontist will attach small brackets to your teeth with special
dental bonding agents. He or she will then place wires called arch wires through the brackets.
The arch wires usually are made of a variety of metal alloys. They act as tracks to create the
"path of movement" that guides the teeth to their correct positions.

Wires made of clear or tooth-colour materials are less visible than stainless-steel wires.
However, they are more expensive and may not work as well. Tiny elastic bands called
ligatures also can be used to hold the arch wires to the brackets. Patients can choose from a
multitude of colour at each visit.

Expect some minor discomfort for the first few days after getting braces. Your teeth may be
sore. The wires, brackets and bands also may irritate your tongue, cheeks or lips. Your doctor
will give you some special soft wax to cover any sharp areas on your braces that may be
irritating you. Most of the discomfort disappears within a week or two. You also may have
moderate discomfort when wires are changed or adjusted. Taking ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
or other over-the-counter painkillers can help to ease any discomfort.

Wearing a Retainer
A retainer's purpose is to maintain tooth positions after treatment is completed and braces are
removed. Once your bite has been corrected, bone and gums need more time to stabilize
around the teeth.

The recommended length of time for wearing a retainer varies. Most children and teenagers
wear retainers until their early to mid-20s or until their wisdom teeth come in or are removed.
You should strictly follow your orthodontist's advice because he or she knows your treatment
best.

Risks and Limitations of Orthodontic Care

There are few risks involved in orthodontic treatment. In rare cases, certain patients may have
allergic reactions to the metal or latex. People with periodontal (gum) disease have a greater
risk of problems during orthodontic treatment. That's because their gums and the supporting
bone may be more likely to break down. This can cause loosening and possible loss of teeth.
Orthodontic treatment should not begin until all evidence of gum disease has been treated and
eliminated.
It is also possible that root resorption (shortening of roots) may occur during orthodontic
treatment. This is usually minor and not significant. In a few cases, however, it may be
severe. This can jeopardize the life of the tooth or teeth affected.

Orthodontic Treatment Work

Many different types of appliances, both fixed and removable, are used to help move teeth,
retrain muscles and affect the growth of the jaws. These appliances work by placing gentle
pressure on the teeth and jaws. The severity of your problem will determine which
orthodontic approach is likely to be the most effective.

Fixed appliances include:

 Braces — the most common fixed appliances, braces consist of bands, wires and/or
brackets. Bands are fixed around the teeth or tooth and used as anchors for the
appliance, while brackets are most often bonded to the front of the tooth. Arch wires
are passed through the brackets and attached to the bands. Tightening the arch wire
puts tension on the teeth, gradually moving them to their proper position. Braces are
usually adjusted monthly to bring about the desired results, which may be achieved
within a few months to a few years. Today's braces are smaller, lighter and show far
less metal than in the past. They come in bright colours for kids as well as clear styles
preferred by many adults.

 Special fixed appliances — used to control thumb sucking or tongue thrusting these
appliances are attached to the teeth by bands. Because they are very uncomfortable
during meals, they should be used only as a last resort.
 Fixed space maintainers — if a baby tooth is lost prematurely, a space maintainer is
used to keep the space open until the permanent tooth erupts. A band is attached to the
tooth next to the empty space, and a wire is extended to the tooth on the other side of
the space.

Removable appliances include:

 Aligners — an alternative to traditional braces for adults, serial aligners are being
used by an increasing number of orthodontists to move teeth in the same way that
fixed appliances work, only without metal wires and brackets. Aligners are virtually
invisible and are removed for eating, brushing and flossing.
 Removable space maintainers — these devices serve the same function as fixed
space maintainers. They're made with an acrylic base that fits over the jaw, and have
plastic or wire branches between specific teeth to keep the space between them open.
 Jaw repositioning appliances — also called splints, these devices are worn on either
the top or lower jaw, and help train the jaw to close in a more favorable position.
They may be used for temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ).
 Lip and cheek bumpers — these are designed to keep the lips or cheeks away from
the teeth. Lip and cheek muscles can exert pressure on the teeth, and these bumpers
help relieve that pressure.
 Palatal expander — a device used to widen the arch of the upper jaw. It is a plastic
plate that fits over the roof of the mouth. Outward pressure applied to the plate by
screws force the joints in the bones of the palate to open lengthwise, widening the
palatal area.
 Removable retainers — worn on the roof of the mouth, these devices prevent
shifting of the teeth to their previous position. They can also be modified and used to
prevent thumb sucking.
 Headgear — with this device, a strap is placed around the back of the head and
attached to a metal wire in front, or face bow. Headgear slows the growth of the upper
jaw, and holds the back teeth where they are while the front teeth are pulled back.
Company overview
D-TECH provides a range of orthodontics, dentistry and oral care products for treatment of
orthodontics and healthier mouth. Our products reflect an emphasis on dentistry. Our core
focus is on orthodontics.

The mission of the company is to be a leading provider of orthodontics products with a focus
on innovative product and uniqueness of product and customer services and best value of
customers. The company believe innovation and try to offer a new product to customers
every year. The costumer service is most important part of company. Company is a ISO 9001
certified company. Internal quality workgroup is constantly developing our own quality
systems to match or exceed our client's needs.

D-tech providing products in three different parts

1. Orthodontics
2. General Dentistry
3. Oral care

[ 1.] Orthodontics products

 Bracket system

Orthodontics typically involves the use of braces for aligning teeth. Braces consist of
brackets that are bonded to the teeth, and arch wires that are threaded through the
brackets. The arch wires act as a track and guide each tooth to its proper position. There
are several types of orthodontic braces available to consumers, including the more
traditional metal braces, ceramic "tooth-coloured" braces, and clear plastic braces. Read
the sections below to learn more about orthodontic braces and retainers, as well as the
cost of orthodontics and financing alternatives.

Types of Orthodontic Braces and Brackets

Several kinds of orthodontic braces can be used to reposition teeth. Damon brackets and
ceramic brackets are two of the most popular types of dental braces. Patients can choose from
ceramic braces, plastic (clear braces), or stainless steel (metal braces). Stainless steel is a
practical material, and the most common, but ceramic or plastic can be used for cosmetic
purposes.

Before you decide on a method of treatment, you should always check with your orthodontist
to find out what kinds of orthodontic braces are offered, and what dental insurance plans are
accepted.

Damon Brackets

One modern advancement in the practice of orthodontics is the Damon bracket. It was
invented by a dentist named Damon Dwight. The Damon bracket uses a "sliding-door"
technology called "self-ligation." It allows the wire to slide back and forth inside the bracket.
This innovation causes less friction and is more comfortable for the patient. Also, Damon
brackets reduce the orthodontic treatment time and number of adjustments.

Ceramic "Tooth Coloured" Brackets

Ceramic braces utilize less noticeable brackets for patients concerned about the appearance of
their smile. Ceramic brackets are translucent, so they blend in with your natural tooth colour.
This means that, unlike traditional stainless metal braces, ceramic braces won’t make your
smile look "metallic." In addition, ceramic braces are designed so that they won't stain or
discolour over long periods of time. An orthodontist can let you know if you are a candidate
for ceramic braces.

Clear Braces

Some dental offices offer clear braces. The brackets are made of pure monocrystalline
sapphire, which makes the clear braces practically see-through - except for the arch wire. The
closest thing to invisible braces currently available is the Envisaging system.

Metal Braces

Generally the most economical option, traditional metal braces may also be required for those
needing extensive realignment. Your orthodontist will advise you whether metal orthodontic
braces are necessary for your treatment.

D-TECH Orthodontics products

Metal bracket

1. Precimax Series
2. XBH series
3. XBH FUN series.
4. Iridium Series
5. Econo Series
6. Lingual Brackets

Aesthetic Brackets

1 .Cerabrace
2. krystal ice

Self- Legating bracket

1. Swing

Buccal tubes and Molar bands

1. Buccal tubes

D-Tech offers the orthodontic professional an amazing array of buccal tubes. Precision
engineered with latest MIM technology. Range includes single, double, triple tubes with
choice of convertible & non convertible. Tubes are also available as bondable with a high
quality mesh

Types

1. Non Convertible
2. Bondable
3. Convertible
4. Universal

2. Molar bands

Types

1. Plain
2. Pre-Welded

Wires & Springs

D-Tech super elastic nickel titanium arch wire is made of the best quality, nickel
titanium, so it retains its shape & memory longer, reducing chair time and patient wire
changes.

Ni Ti Archwires
Dimpled Wire
Regular with toe-in
Straight Leg
Pre Torqued
Heat Activated
Ni Ti Twist Wire

Reverse Curve Wire

Ni Ti SE Archwires
Pre-Stoppered Wire
Ni Ti Lingual Archwire
Ni Ti Stepped Force

Ni Ti Springs

Open Spring
Close Spring
Distalising Spring
Ti - Mol Alloy
Stainless Steel Wire

Aesthetic Wire

Sliver Rhodium Wire

Teflon Coated Wire
Orthodontic Wire
Nickel Titanium Spool

Orthodontic Anchorage system

1. Zeta Anchor ZA series
2. Zeta Anchor ZB series

Elastomerics

Super Ligature Rings

Elastic Placer
Intra Oral Elastics
Extra Oral Elastics
Latex Free Elastics
Elastomeric Chain
Elastomeric Thread
Separator Modules
Ligature Ties
Ligature Bulk Cut
Elastics Tube
Protective Sleeves

Pliers & Instruments

General Supplies

Ortho Bonding
Lute + GIC
Begg’s Supplies
Auxillaries
Photographic Accessories
Typodonts
Practice Builders
Versa Hook
Embrace Light Cure
Embrace Cure on Touch

[ 2 ]General Dentistry

Water based cements

1. Restore +

2. Lute +

3. Restore Glass

4. Lute Glass

5. Zinc Phosphate

6. Chem Zinc
7. Poly Z

Resin Based Cement

1. Compomax-LC

2. Compo-flo

3. AQ Bond

Auxiliaries

1. Etching gel

2. RCEZ gel

3. EZ White

4. G.P.Solve

5. Zinc Oxide

6. Eugenol

7. Varnish

8. Conditioner

9. Cal-plus

Plastic ware
1. Protective glass fog free
2. Micro application
3. Impression trays autoclavable
4. Cheek retractor
5. Cotton roll dispencer
6. Denture box deep (55m)
7. Denture box (38mm)
8. Retainer box
9. Retainer box B
10. Mixing and intra oral tips
11. Transportation box
Innovation
1. Fog free photographic mirror

OEM
1. Black dropper assy
2. Liqid dropper translucent
3. Power bottle and cap
4. Flowable syringe black
5. Dispensing tips black 200
6. Delivery tips grey
7. Plastic syring clear
8. Lure lock cap black/
9. Plastic scoop
10. Mixing pad
11. Carousal base (green)
12. Spool
13. Plastic spatula

[ 3 ] ORAL CARE
1. Silver Cara adult brush
2. Four fruit kids
3. Magic floss
4. Floss extra flat
5. Floss with flouride
6. Single tuffed brush
7. Interdental brush
8. Interdental long
9. Tongue brush
10. Intensity white
11. Denture brush
12. Silver care H2O
13. Smokers brush stains
14. Orthodontic brush
15. Silver care junior
16. Silver care teen
17. Silver care baby
18. Travel brush