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• 4 Relaxations
○ 5.3 Timeline
• 6 Population data
• 7 Arguments
reservation
○ 7.2 Arguments offered by anti-
reservationists
○ 7.3 Other notable suggestions
• 8 See also
• 9 References
• 10 External links
Reforms introduced.
1919 - Provisions were made in
of Freedom Fighters.
Physically handicapped.
Sports personalities.
Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) have a small
in action.
Repatriates.
Those born from inter-caste marriages.
Reservation in special schools of Govt.
Undertakings /PSUs meant for the children
of their employees (eg. Army schools, PSU
schools, etc.).
Paid pathway reservations in places of
worship (eg. Tirupathi Balaji Temple,
Tiruthani Murugan (Balaji) temple).
Seat reservation for Senior citizens/ PH in
Public Bus transport.
[edit]Relaxations
In view of the fact that several of the top
undergraduate and graduate institutions in
India, such as the IITs, the IIMs are among the
most selective in the world, it is not surprising
that most reservation criteria are applied at the
stage of entrance examinations for these
institutions. Some of the criteria are relaxed
for reserved categories, while others are
completely eliminated. Examples include:
1.The minimum high school marks criteria
are relaxed for reserved seats.
2.Age
3.Fees, Hostel Room Rent etc
It is important to note, however, that the
criteria required to graduate from an
institution are never relaxed, although some
institutions provide reduced load programs
(such as the ones at IITs) to meet the special
needs of these students.
[edit]Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu
[edit]Historical perspective
The reservation system in Tamil Nadu is much
in contrast to the rest of India, not by the
nature of reservation but by its history.When
the first reservation protest hit New Delhi in
May 2006, a contrasting quiet serenity was
noticed in Chennai. Later, as the anti-
reservation lobby gained in visibility in Delhi,
Chennai saw quiet street protests demanding
reservation. Doctors in Chennai, including
doctors association for social equality(DASE)
were in the forefront expressing their support
for reservation in institutions of higher
education run by the Central government.
[edit]Present practice
At present, in day to day practice, reservation
works out to somewhat less than 69%,
depending on how many non-reserved
category students are admitted in the super-
numerary seats. If 100 seats are available,
first, two merit lists are drawn up without
considering community (reserved or
unreserved), one for 31 seats and a second for
50 seats, corresponding to 69% reservation
and 50% reservation respectively. Any non-
reserved category students placing in the 50
seat list and not in the 31 seat list are admitted
under super-numerary quota (i.e.) seats are
added to the 100 for these students. The 31
seat list is used as the non-reserved open
admission list and 69 seats are filled up using
the 69% reservation formula (30 seats obc, 20
seats mbc, 18 seats sc and 1 seat st). The
effective reservation percentage depends on
how many non-reserved category students
figure in the 50 list and not in the 31 list. At
one extreme, all 19 (added from 31 to make
the 50 list) may be non-reserved category
students, in which case the total reservation
works out to about 58%(69/119); this might
also be argued to be (69+19)/119 or 74% with
the 19% considered as a 'reservation' for non-
reserved category students! At the other
extreme, none of the 19 added to the 31 list
may be from the non-reserved category, in
which case no super-numerary seats are
created and reservation works out to be 69%
as mandated by the state law.
[edit]Timeline
Tamilnadu Reservations
Sourced from a Rediff.com new article[12].
1951
16% Reservation for SC/ST and 25%
Reservation for OBCs introduced. Total
Reservation Stood at 41%
1971
Sattanathan Commission recommended
Introduction of "Creamy Layer" and
altering Reservation percentage for
Backward Classes to 16% and separate
reservation of 17% to Most Backward
Classes (MBCs).
DMK Government increased OBC
reservation to 31% and Reservation for
SC/ST has been increased to 18%. Total
Reservation stood at 49%
1980
ADMK government excludes "Creamy
Layer" from OBC reservation benefits.
Income Limit for availing Reservation
benefit has been fixed at Rs 9000 Per
Annum. DMK and other Opposition
parties protested the decision.
Creamy Layer scheme withdrawn and
Reservation % for OBC has been
increased to 50%. Total Reservation Stood
at 68%
1989
Statewide Road Blockade Agitations were
launched by Vanniar Sangam (Parent
Body of Pattali Makkal Katchi) demanding
20% reservations in State Government and
2% Reservations in Central Government
exclusively for Vanniyar Caste.
DMK Government Split OBC reservations
as 2 Parts with 30% for OBC and 20% for
MBC. Separate Reservation of 1%
introduced for Scheduled Tribes. Total
Reservation percentage stood at 69%.
1992
Supreme Court, in Mandal Judgement,
reiterated that Reservation percentage
cannot exceed 50% and "Creamy Layer"
to be excluded from Reservation benefits.
1994
Court instructed Tamil Nadu Government
to follow 50% reservations in the case
filed by famous lawyer K. M. Vijayan on
behalf of VOICE Consumer
forum. Anandakrishnan, one of the
members ofOversight committee, and
then Anna University chairman announced
that 50% reservation will be followed. His
house was attacked.
69% Reservation was included in 9th
Schedule.
K. M. Vijayan was brutally attacked and
maimed while leaving to New Delhi to file
case in Supreme Court against inclusion of
69% reservation in 9th Schedule[13]
2006
Supreme Court asked Tamil Nadu
Government to exclude Creamy Layer
from Reservation benefits.
Main
articles: 2006
Indian anti-
reservation
protests and Res
ervation policy
in Indian
Institutes of
Technology
May 2006
-August 2006
Anti Reservation Protests intensified in
many parts of India.[14][15][16]). Pro
reservationists claim protests were
intensified by media bias."[17] Tamil Nadu
stayed calm. This is attributed to low
percentage of Forward castes in Tamil
Nadu (13%) as against 36% in India.
Alternative systems of Affirmative Action
proposed by academics Prof. Purushottam
Agrawal of the Jawaharlal Nehru
University in the form of the Multiple
Index Related Affirmative Action
(MIRAA)
-http://www.sabrang.com/cc/archive/2006/
june06/report3.html and by Prof. Satish
Deshpande and Dr. Yogendra Yadav of the
Centre for the Study of Developing
Societies
-http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/22/stories
/2006052202261100.htm
Dr. Sam Pitroda, Chairperson of
the National Knowledge Commission [an
advisory body instituted by Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh] came out in opposition
to the proposed scheme to extend caste-
based reservations to OBCs in institutes of
Higher Education
(http://www.indiadaily.org/entry/sam-
pitroda-review-quota-policy/)
Dr. Pratab Bhanu Mehta, member-
convener of the National Knowledge
Commission resigns from his post in
protest against the policy of reservations
[Dr. Mehta's open letter of resignation
-http://www.indianexpress.com/story/4916
.html].
Indian Prime Minister appoints Oversight
committee headed by former chief minister
of Karnataka M. Veerappa Moily to
suggest ways for implementation of
reservations for Other Backward Classes
and to suggest measures for increasing
seats in educational institutions.
Oversight committee submits interim
report and suggests phased implementation
of reservations in central educational
institutions for other backward classes.[6]
OBC reservation bill introduced in the Lok
Sabha and referred to standing committee.
It has not excluded creamy layer (rich and
affluent amongst the other backward
classes) from enjoying reservation benefits
per supreme court judgement.[7]
Supreme court referred inclusion of 69%
reservation in Tamil Nadu in 9th schedule
to 9 member bench
Se
pt
em
be
r
20
06
-
20
07
Supreme court advised Tamil Nadu to
exclude creamy layer among Backward
classes from enjoying reservation
facilities.[8]
Supreme court observed that central
Government is trying to introduce quota
without adequate data.
Oversight committee submits final report.
Supreme court upheld constitutional
amendment for providing reservations in
promotions for Scheduled castes and
Tribes. It reiterated 50% limit and
exclusion of Creamy layer from enjoying
reservation benefits.[9]
Parliamentary standing committee
recommended preference for non creamy
layer (Poor among backwards) among
backward classes from enjoying
reservation benefits and comprehensive
population survey to identify real
backward people.[10]
Sachar committee submitted its report
regarding backwardness of Indian
Muslims. It made many recommendations
for uplifting Indian Muslims. It indicated
that current enrollment in educational
institutions of non Muslim OBC's is
almost equal to/close to their population. It
also recommended alternative
methodfor identifying real needy people.
[11]
Union cabinet meeting rejected
Parliamentary standing committee
recommendations and decided to bring
reservations bill by including creamy layer
(Super rich) among other backward
classes. Parliament passed OBC
Reservations bill through voice vote.[12]
AIIMS doctors started indefinite hunger
strike protesting against reservations law.
[13]
April 20
On 10 April 2008, the Supreme Court of
quota.[18][19]
Mylapore constituency MLA S V Sekar
community in TN.
[edit
• 3 Types of Reservation
• 4 Relaxations
• 7 Arguments
reservation
○ 7.2 Arguments offered by anti-
reservationists
○ 7.3 Other notable suggestions
• 8 See also
• 9 References
• 10 External links
Reforms introduced.Montagu-Chelmsford
Reforms
1919 - Provisions were made in
Sports personalities.
Non-Resident Indians
in action.armed forces
Repatriates.
Those born from inter-caste marriages.
Reservation in special schools of Govt.
Undertakings /PSUs meant for the children
of their employees (eg. Army schools, PSU
schools, etc.).
Paid pathway reservations in places of
worship (eg. Tirupathi Balaji Temple,
Tiruthani Murugan (Balaji) temple).
Seat reservation for Senior citizens/ PH in
Public Bus transport.
[edit]Relaxationsedit
In view of the fact that several of the top
undergraduate and graduate institutions in
India, such as the IITs, the IIMs are among the
most selective in the world, it is not surprising
that most reservation criteria are applied at the
stage of entrance examinations for these
institutions. Some of the criteria are relaxed
for reserved categories, while others are
completely eliminated. Examples
include:IITsIIMs
1.The minimum high school marks criteria
are relaxed for reserved seats.
2.Age
3.Fees, Hostel Room Rent etc
It is important to note, however, that the
criteria required to graduate from an
institution are never relaxed, although some
institutions provide reduced load programs
(such as the ones at IITs) to meet the special
needs of these students.
[edit]Reservation policy in Tamil Naduedit
[edit]Historical perspectiveedit
The reservation system in Tamil Nadu is much
in contrast to the rest of India, not by the
nature of reservation but by its history.When
the first reservation protest hit New Delhi in
May 2006, a contrasting quiet serenity was
noticed in Chennai. Later, as the anti-
reservation lobby gained in visibility in Delhi,
Chennai saw quiet street protests demanding
reservation. Doctors in Chennai, including
doctors association for social equality(DASE)
were in the forefront expressing their support
for reservation in institutions of higher
education run by the Central
government.Tamil Nadu
[edit]Present practiceedit
At present, in day to day practice, reservation
works out to somewhat less than 69%,
depending on how many non-reserved
category students are admitted in the super-
numerary seats. If 100 seats are available,
first, two merit lists are drawn up without
considering community (reserved or
unreserved), one for 31 seats and a second for
50 seats, corresponding to 69% reservation
and 50% reservation respectively. Any non-
reserved category students placing in the 50
seat list and not in the 31 seat list are admitted
under super-numerary quota (i.e.) seats are
added to the 100 for these students. The 31
seat list is used as the non-reserved open
admission list and 69 seats are filled up using
the 69% reservation formula (30 seats obc, 20
seats mbc, 18 seats sc and 1 seat st). The
effective reservation percentage depends on
how many non-reserved category students
figure in the 50 list and not in the 31 list. At
one extreme, all 19 (added from 31 to make
the 50 list) may be non-reserved category
students, in which case the total reservation
works out to about 58%(69/119); this might
also be argued to be (69+19)/119 or 74% with
the 19% considered as a 'reservation' for non-
reserved category students! At the other
extreme, none of the 19 added to the 31 list
may be from the non-reserved category, in
which case no super-numerary seats are
created and reservation works out to be 69%
as mandated by the state law.
[edit]Timelineedit
Tamilnadu Reservations
Sourced from a Rediff.com new article[12].[12]
1951
16% Reservation for SC/ST and 25%
Reservation for OBCs introduced. Total
Reservation Stood at 41%OBCs
1971
Sattanathan Commission recommended
Introduction of "Creamy Layer" and
altering Reservation percentage for
Backward Classes to 16% and separate
reservation of 17% to Most Backward
Classes (MBCs).
DMK
1980
ADMK
Creamy Layer scheme withdrawn and
Reservation % for OBC has been
increased to 50%. Total Reservation Stood
at 68%
1989
Statewide Road Blockade Agitations were
launched by Vanniar Sangam (Parent
Body of Pattali Makkal Katchi) demanding
20% reservations in State Government and
2% Reservations in Central Government
exclusively for Vanniyar Caste.Pattali
Makkal KatchiVanniyar
DMK Government Split OBC reservations
as 2 Parts with 30% for OBC and 20% for
MBC. Separate Reservation of 1%
introduced for Scheduled Tribes. Total
Reservation percentage stood at 69%.
1992
Supreme Court, in Mandal Judgement,
reiterated that Reservation percentage
cannot exceed 50% and "Creamy Layer"
to be excluded from Reservation benefits.
1994
Court instructed Tamil Nadu Government
to follow 50% reservations in the case
filed by famous lawyer K. M. Vijayan on
behalf of VOICE Consumer
forum. Anandakrishnan, one of the
members of Oversight committee, and
then Anna University chairman announced
that 50% reservation will be followed. His
house was attacked.K. M. VijayanVOICE
Consumer forumAnandakrishnanOversight
committeeAnna University
69% Reservation was included in 9th
Schedule.
K. M. Vijayan was brutally attacked and
maimed while leaving to New Delhi to file
case in Supreme Court against inclusion of
69% reservation in 9th Schedule[13]New
Delhi[13]
2006
Supreme Court asked Tamil Nadu
Government to exclude Creamy Layer
from Reservation benefits.
Main
articles: 2006
Indian anti-
reservation
protests and Res
ervation policy
in Indian
Institutes of
Technology2006
Indian anti-
reservation
protestsReservat
ion policy in
Indian Institutes
of Technology
May 2006
-August 2006
Anti Reservation Protests intensified in
many parts of India.[14][15][16]). Pro
reservationists claim protests were
intensified by media bias."[17] Tamil
Nadu stayed calm. This is attributed to low
percentage of Forward castes in Tamil
Nadu (13%) as against 36% in India.[14][15]
[16][17]
**NFHS
only Hin
populati
populati
assumin
populati
proporti
populati
SC/ST
Only SC/ST population details are
collected in Indian census. The SC/ST
population is 24.4%.[20][20]
Other B
After 1931,caste data is not collected for
non SC/ST caste-groups in census. Mandal
commission estimated OBC population
based on 1931 census as 52%.There is an
ongoing controversy about the estimation
logic used by Mandal commission for
calculating OBC population. Famous
psephologist and researcher, Dr. Yogendra
Yadav of the CSDS [who is a known
votary of Affirmative Action] agrees that
there is no empirical basis to the Mandal
figure. According to him "It is a mythical
construct based on reducing the number of
SC/ST, Muslims and others and then
arriving at a number."
Nationa
2000 (N
estimate
the coun
defined
Other B
The pro
cent on
OBCs. A
1998 by
Statistic
proporti
as 29.8
surveys
by Over
final rep
Yadav.
used the
its final
populati
in NSS
other se
[14]
NSS 99
[edit]Ar
There ar
provide
oppositi
of the ar
are often
while ot
both sid
solution
accomm
[edit]Ar
supporte
Reserv
necess
influe
popula
benefi
govern
mainta
reserv
legal a
by Gu
(Rajas
increa
essent
India.
Althou
do und
educa
Action
many
includ
Africa
was re
Unive
Action
benefi
privile
said th
institu
scores
whites
after g
advan
identic
classm
slightl
whites
institu
profes
busine
becom
white
comm
[23]U
Africa
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educa
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birth.
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entire
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60 yea
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castes
or eco
rich p
caste.
Many
Comm
suppo
reserv
Mand
the In
catego
Nation
2000,
(32%
exclud
[24].M
This p
has al
in bra
aggrav
gradua
start m
univer
educa
[edit]Ot
suggesti
The foll
have be
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Suggest
Commi
Sacha
an imp
Indian
gende
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canno
a child
schoo
societ
elite p
Some
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exclus
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contri
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the M
Action
here: h
006/ju
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of the
Societ
[CSDS
e/2006
Suggest
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on obj
Emph
prima
group
educa
becom
The n
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Gover
plan to
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marria
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[27][25
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endogam
providin
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suffer
tycoon
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tax pa
reserv
reach
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people
injusti
Using
data o
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wealth
the na
this is
there a
people
then th
castes
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[edit]Se
Dhang
Nation
Social
Caste
[edit]Re
1. ^de Z
Caste,
Sociol
2. ^[1]
3. ^[2]
4. ^ a b C
India
5. ^ a b B
OBCs
India,
OBCs
6. ^ a b R
Other
and Po
Retrie
Backw
7. ^"New
8. ^www
9. ^India
cream
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forwa
forwa
12. ^Eval
13. ^http:
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14. ^Anti
15. ^Nati
16. ^"Doc
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Cites
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25. ^Stati
26. ^The
News
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Welfa
[edit]Ex
Why r
B. Raw
The M
Sharm
Radic
and th
Feb 20
Radic
Reserv
Pattan
Critics
quotas
Anti R
AntiR
Supre
Reserv
Anti R
Comp
Reserv
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Reserv
Exam
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(An A
Reserv
propo
Quest
Reserv
faculty
An Al
Reserv
States
UP in
privat
Rangn
quota
Reserv
only o
Bull's
Categor
systemP
• article
• discus
• edit th
• history
navigati
Main
Conte
Featur
Curren
Rando
search
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Bottom of Form
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About
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Recen
Conta
Donat
Help
toolbox
What
Relate
Uploa
Specia
Printa
Perma
Cite th
This
Castes a
Backwa
and For
**NFHS
only Hin
populati
populati
assumin
populati
proporti
populati
SC/ST
Only SC/ST population details are
collected in Indian census. The SC/ST
population is 24.4%.[20]
Other B
After 1931,caste data is not collected for
non SC/ST caste-groups in census. Mandal
commission estimated OBC population
based on 1931 census as 52%.There is an
ongoing controversy about the estimation
logic used by Mandal commission for
calculating OBC population. Famous
psephologist and researcher, Dr. Yogendra
Yadav of the CSDS [who is a known
votary of Affirmative Action] agrees that
there is no empirical basis to the Mandal
figure. According to him "It is a mythical
construct based on reducing the number of
SC/ST, Muslims and others and then
arriving at a number."
Nationa
2000 (N
estimate
the coun
defined
Other B
The pro
cent on
OBCs. A
1998 by
Statistic
proporti
as 29.8
surveys
by Over
final rep
Yadav.
used the
its final
populati
in NSS
other se
NSS 99
[edit]Ar
There ar
provide
oppositi
of the ar
are often
while ot
both sid
solution
accomm
[edit]Ar
support
Reserv
necess
influe
popula
benefi
govern
mainta
reserv
legal a
by Gu
(Rajas
increa
essent
India.
Althou
do und
educa
Action
many
includ
Africa
was re
Unive
Action
benefi
privile
that B
institu
scores
whites
after g
advan
identic
classm
slightl
whites
institu
profes
busine
becom
white
comm
Althou
do und
educa
Action
not ev
privile
repres
grow
in the
indust
Tamil
educa
it is ju
solutio
means
repres
under-
and th
on cam
Althou
do und
educa
neede
justice
margi
underp
and th
Reserv
these
lead s
elimin
discrim
widely
especi
(about
popula
Anti-r
a gros
drain
drain
the "w
rich v
assum
be a fr
must u
drain
meani
nation
separa
a who
countr
reserv
enoug
drain
There
reserv
meritr
meritr
withou
people
same
a secti
regard
we ca
Forwa
known
reserv
"merit
have o
proces
more
becom
China
birth.
highly
man f
comes
which
instea
reserv
must b
fact th
collare
[edit]Ar
anti-res
Caste
perpet
in soc
weake
social
envisa
Reserv
narrow
Alloca
of disc
contra
to equ
The p
never
wides
audit.
reserv
entire
proper
benefi
60 yea
Poor p
castes
or eco
rich p
caste.
Many
Comm
suppo
reserv
Mand
the In
catego
Nation
2000,
(32%
exclud
This p
has al
in bra
aggrav
gradua
start m
univer
educa
[edit]Ot
The foll
have be
find a so
Suggest
Commi
Sacha
studie
Indian
recom
schem
backw
[16]
Marks based on Merit : 60
Marks based on Household Income
(Irrespective of caste) : 13
Marks based on District in which person
studied(Rural/Urban & Region : 13
Marks based on Family occupation and
caste : 14
Total Marks : 100
The Sac
that OB
instituti
populati
Ministe
commit
recomm
not offe
suggesti
detected
situation
be denie
clearly a
justice
Suggest
Develop
It has
an imp
Indian
gende
dispar
canno
a child
schoo
societ
elite p
Some
system
which
exclus
a pers
contri
by Pro
Jawah
the M
Action
here: h
006/ju
Yogen
of the
Societ
Suggest
Reserv
on obj
Emph
prima
group
educa
becom
The n
the pr
(such
Gover
plan to
Gover
marria
caste s
This is b
characte
endogam
providin
inter-ca
weaken
Reserv
status
(But t
suffer
tycoon
People
tax pa
reserv
reach
achiev
to this
people
injusti
Using
data o
attainm
wealth
the na
this is
there a
people
then th
castes
runnin
and pr
withou
[edit]Se
Dhang
Nation
Social
Caste
[edit]Re
1. ^ de Z
Caste,
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