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Introduction
Is the subject’s circulatory system physically fit according to the labs standards?
The functions of the circulatory system include delivering oxygen and nutrients to
the tissues in the body for growth and metabolism as well as remove metabolic
waste. The heart pumps blood through a series of circuit components, including
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins. One of the most important is where the
lung and alveoli transfer oxygen to blood and extract the carbon dioxide, cleaning
the blood. The left atrium and the left ventricle are the components of the heart
which bring in the blood from the body and pump it to the lungs to go through the
pulmonary circuit. The right atrium and the right ventricle are the ones that receive
the oxygenated blood from the lungs and send it out to the tissues. With exercise,
the body’s circuits move faster, and raises the heart rate and the blood pressure.
The longer or harder it takes for a person to reach their max heart rate shows how
physically fit a person is.
The hypothesis for this portion of the lab is the subject is not physically fit.
The hypothesis for this portion of the lab is the Daphnia’s heart rate (bpm) will
increase when the temperature is cold.
Methods
rise of 8 or more 3
rise of 2-7 2
no rise 1
fall of 2-5 0
fall of 6 or more -1
When Test 2 is complete, subject needs to remain standing for two minutes before
their heart rate is taken. Once taken compare the beats per minute to Table 10.3,
then record the data in Fitness Data Table in the data portion of the lab.
60-70 3
71-80 3
81-90 2
91-100 1
When Test 3 is
101-110 1 done, have the
subject lay down
111-120 0 for five minutes
before retaking
121-130 0 the subject’s
131-140 -1 heart rate. Record
and compare to
Table 10.4. Once
compared take the data and record it in the Fitness Data Table in the data portion
of this lab.
50-60 3
61-70 3
71-80 2
81-90 1
91-100 0
101-110 -1
In order to find the Baroreceptor reflex, the partner must find the subject’s heart
rate immediately after standing up from Test 4. Record the date in the given line.
Then subtract the reclining heart rate from Test 4 with the standing heart rate and
compare the results in Table 10.5. Once completed, record the data in the Fitness
Data Table in the data portion of the lab.
61-70 3 2 1 0 -1
71-80 3 2 0 -1 -2
81-90 2 1 -1 -2 -3
91-100 1 0 -2 -3 -3
101-110 0 -1 -3 -3 -3
Using a step about one and a half feet tall, the subject must step up with right foot,
then bring left foot up to touch by the right foot then step back down tell both feet
are on the ground. Then repeat tell time is over for this portion. Then repeat for
each time frame. However, in between each time, the subject must record their
heart rate for 15 seconds and multiple it by four in the lines provided.
Afterwards, count the seconds until the subjects heart rate returns to normal. Then
use Table 10.6 to record the data in the Fitness Data Table in the data portion of the
lab.
Table 10.6: Time Required for Return of Pulse Rate to Standing Level after Exercise
0-30 4
31-60 3
61-90 2
91-120 1
121+ 1
Once completed subtract the normal standing pulse rate, which was recorded in
Test 2, from the subjects heart rate immediately after the last part of Test 5.
Compare the data in Table 10.7 before recording the data in the Fitness Data Table
in the data portion of this lab.
71-80 3 2 1 0 -1
81-90 3 2 1 -1 -2
91-100 2 1 0 -2 -3
101-110 1 0 -1 -3 -3
111-120 1 -1 -2 -3 -3
121-130 0 -2 -3 -3 -3
131-140 0 -3 -3 -3 -3
Collect a depression slide, a small amount of cotton, and daphnia. Using an eye
dropper or pipette pick up the daphnia and soak the cotton in the middle of the
depression slide. Placing the depression slide containing the water and the daphnia
onto a light microscope, locate a living Daphnia and count the heart beats for the
Daphnia for a minute, then record the data in Table 10.8 of the data portion of the
lab. Do this three time total at Room temperature. Repeat these steps at close to
freezing then at steaming hot temperatures.
Results
Test 1
Reclining Systolic Pressure 116mm Hg
Reclining Diastolic Pressure 56mm Hg
Test 4
Test 5
Number of beats in 0- to 15-second interval 45x4 = 180
Number of beats in 16- to 30-second interval 50x4 = 200
Number of beats in 31- to 60-second interval 52x4 = 208
Number of beats in 61- to 90-second interval 44x4 = 176
Number of beats in 91- to 120-second interval 53x4 = 212
Discussion
The Data for Tests 1, using the information gathered with the sphygmomanometer
and a stethoscope while using the table provided, the subject received three points.
For Test 2, using the table given along with a clock and the subject’s or the partners
fingers, the subject gained three points. Test 3 gives the subject three points from
using the same materials as in Test 2. In Test 4, the subject gain 3 just like in the
other tests. So far the total of the test is 12 points. With the last test, Test 5, the
subject lost a point for the long amount of time the subject’s heart rate took to
return to the normal standing rate taken before the exercise. When the subject did
not gain any more points in part B of Test 5, the total of the fitness test became 11
points. Using the comparison chart, the hypothesis was partially supported. The
results show the subject is sort of physically fit, but still close to being in poor
condition instead of fair. Due to health conditions of the subject, along with lack of
what is considered normal exercise the subject should have had poor health instead
of fair in the subject’s eyes. However, the results are what they are.
When looking at the graph of the heart rates on the daphnia, the heart rate climbs
during the colder temperatures. However, the highest point is not reached until the
hot temperature is introduced to the daphnia, but this is probably just from the
daphnia still reacting to the cold instead of the hot. The mean of all three
temperatures show the cold (9oC) has the highest average. Therefore, the
hypothesis for this portion of the lab is supported. The cold temperature does raise
the heart rate of daphnia. Errors which could have occurred include the miscounting
of the heartbeat, the mis-location of the heart and counting the shell movement or
lung breathing movement. Dissecting a daphnia or paying closer attention to where
the body parts are so the observers does not locate and count the wrong organ.
Literature Cited
"AP Biology Lab Ten: Physiology of the Circulatory System." Scribd. Web. 27 Mar.
2011. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/12891712/AP-Biology-Lab-Ten-Physiology-
of-the-Circulatory-System>.
Girard. "Lab #10 Physiology of the Circulatory System." Mr. Girard's Biological
<http://phsgirard.org/APbiology/Chapter42/Lab10.pdf>.
Lab # 10 Physiology of the Circulatory System (College Board, 2001) AP Biology Lab
Questions
1. Explain why blood pressure and heart rate differ when measure in a reclining position
and in a standing positions.
Blood pressure and heart rate usually increases from lying, to sitting, to standing. In
other words, they are lowest lying and highest standing. The heart must work
harder when you are standing so blood pressure increases too.