Lesson 12

Highlights of lesson: test on trigonometry and differentiation & integration

(whole)

test on trigonometry and differentiation:

• overall badly done even though it was a tie in marks!!! 9/30 is unacceptable
given 35-40min of duration
• 1st qn on differentiation was quite well done and I guess both of you nearly
clinched the full marks save for the last part whereby you have to
differentiate ln(x+1)(x-3) → you have to open up ln(x+1)(x-3) into ln(x+1) +
ln(x-3) first before differentiating! Lavina, there is no need to use double
angle formula as it does not help in simplifying the answer any further
• 2nd qn is on minima maxima differentiation as well as connected rates of
change. I would say I am quite surprised by the fact that Cara you are not
able to obtain the first proving equation (get A in terms of r). Part a) seems
to be quite okay but both of you did not get part b) which is simply
multiplying the 2 terms as expressed by A by 0.05 and 0.03 respectively
and then carry out the usual differentiation! And what happened to part c)?
It was not done even half-way!
• 3rd qn is on tangent normal differentiation and I would say it's a giveaway
question, hence both of you did rather well! Hurray!
• 4th qn is a bit tricky but simply: part 1 requires a straightforward double
angle formula (get used to seeing numbers instead of A/B/C, etc) while part
2 requires you to use ASTC angles as well as addition formula so be careful
and selective in the method you use
• 5th qn, Cara I am doubly surprised to know that you didn't know the question
requires R-formula! Isn't the question in the form of asin(theta) +
bcos(theta) which I know in this case 'a' and 'b' are 'pi' and 'exponential
term' respectively
• try to minimize careless mistakes! You will be surprised at how many marks
you could have saved every time you finish a paper
integration:
• We went through all parts of integration, also known as reverse
differentiation and when applied in the graphical context, integration means
finding the area under the graph given boundaries (definite integral).
Differentiation is the clear opposite, that is finding the gradient of the
graph. You are only required to know reverse chain rule (no reverse
product/quotient rule needed in your syllabus)
• You have to know how to integrate normal algebraic polynomial terms,
exponential/logarithmic terms and trigonomtry terms (PELT)
• Bear in mind that when integrating logarithmic terms, you are actually
integrating a fraction to give you a logarithm (you can't directly integrate a
logarithm unlike other types of functions above:(PET) for e.g. integ(1/x)=lnx
but integ(lnx)=??? but integ(e^x)=e^x
• You know full well that the steps of differentiating a function (chain rule)
is: power bring down multiply by coefficient/constant, retain body,
differentiate inside body but this time the steps to integration (reverse
chain rule) is:

NUMERATOR
copy body
power raise by 1

DENOMINATOR
new power
differentiated body

Integ (2x+1)^-2 = (2x+1)^(-1) / (-1)(2) + c = -1/[2(2x+1)] + c

DO NOT FORGET TO PLUS A 'c' EVERYTIME YOU FINISH INTEGRATING

BUT OF COURSE THIS ONLY APPLIES TO NON-DEFINITE INTEGRALS

DO NOT FORGET THAT CONSTANTS MUST BE PRESERVED TOO!!

 • when integrating exponential terms:

copy body
divide by differentiated form of power

• when integrating logarithmic-related terms:

Ensure that the form to be integrated is in the form of (dy/dx)/y

Integ 1/(2x+1) = Integ ½ [2/(2x+1)] = ½ ln(2x+1)

• when integrating trigonometric terms:

Take note that it is really reverse differentiating this time:

integ(sinx) = -cosx [because differentiating -cosx = -(-sinx) = sinx]

integ(cosx) = sinx (because differentiating sinx = cosx)
integ[sec(square)x] = tanx (because differentiating tanx = sec(square)x)

• integration with in the graphical context (will go through this more in detail
next week), like what I have said, is all about finding the area under a
graph, meaning that the integral must be definite, meaning that there must
be a lower and upper bound given like for e.g. integ(3,7) 3x dx = [3/2 x^2]
(3,7) = 3/2 (7)^2 - 3/2 (3)^2 = 73.5 – 13.5 = 60
• integ(3,7) 3x dx means integrating the function: 'y=3x' with respect to x,
lower boundary 3 and upper boundary 7 and can be broken up into integ(3,5)
+ integ(5,7) [an adding up of areas under the graph]
• instead of integrating a function with respect to x, there are times when
we need to integrate the function with respect to y, meaning that we have
to put x as a subject in terms of y and integrate as per normal just that
this time the area is bounded between the y-axis and the graph instead of
the x-axis and the graph
• note that there is no need to write a 'c' at the back as this is all about
definite integrals (meaning that lower and upper boundaries are given)
• when you get a negative answer as the area of the graph, simply just
modulus it (as your graph may fall on the opposite side of the axis/axes)
• when you integrate a (function minusing another function), it simply means
finding out the area bounded between the 2 functions/curves. Try
visualizing it!