Sources

Bibliography
Rediscovery of dharavi-Kalpana sharma

Webliography
www.diehardindia.com
www.google .com
www.googlescholar.com

Articles
Working papers of ISID
A study on the informal sector industry in
dharavi
The Hindu business line

Magzines
Down to the Earth-Nov 07 Edition

AND

BMC G-NORTH Office

Introduction
Dharavi spread over 175 hectares and swarming with one million people,
Dharavi is often called ‘Asia largest slum’. But Dharavi is much more than cold
statistics. What makes it special extraordinary people who live there, many of
whom have defined fate and an unhelpful state to prosper through a mix of
backbreaking work, some luck and a great deal of ingenuity.
If you thought that slums narrate a grimy tale depicting abject poverty, you will
be pleasantly surprised when you get to Asia's largest slum — Dharavi. It is the
Mecca of livelihood for the vast population it holds, contradicting the fact that
slums are all about penury and dearth. This maze of kaccha and pucca huts
houses a strong network of businesses ranging from garment manufacturing,
recycling, clay pottery to tannery et al. The estimated turnover of industries in
Dharavi is a whopping $700 million-$1 billion.
The business laws of this land are not applicable in Dharavi. How can they be
applicable to a place that for all legal reasons does not exist. Dharavi is beyond
our traditional India baboon of red tape, licenses, duties, municipal permissions,
paperwork and taxes. Dharavi is therefore in a sense a "Free Economic Zone".
The Economist in an article suggested that "Dharavi, one of Asia's largest
slums, covering 220 hectares (530 acres) near the airport, has some 100,000
people producing goods worth over $500 million a year." Other figures suggest
a figure twice that amount. The real figure is anybody's guess but this just
confirms one thing Dharavi is less a slum and more an unorganised unregulated
industrial estate, a showcase of Indian entrepreneurship. There are more than 85
Export Oriented Units (including WHO approved surgical sutures). Ownership:
69% owned by BMC, 10% by state and central governments and balance 21% is
private land

Unusually 85% of its inhabitants are

employed in dharavi itself. Interestingly,
some of the employees are from outside
the area of Dharavi.
Far from being an economic refugee camp,
as it is so often portrayed, Dharavi is a
vibrant, energetic business and
manufacturing district for many of its
residents.
Location
This heart shaped of settlement ,which today has the dubious reputation of
being ‘Asia largest slum’, is located between Mumbai’s two main suburban
railway lines, western and central railway. These are the virtual lines of Mumbai
transporting thousand of people from one end of the metropolis to the other.
Dharavi is literally a sandwiched between the two sets of tracks. To its west are
Mahim and Bandra, to its north lies the Mithi River which empties out into the
Arabian Sea through the Mahim creek, and to its east and south are Sion and
matunga. Mahim, matunga and Sion stations mark its three corners.

ENTERPRISES AND INGENUITY

Dharavi may be one of the world's largest slums, but it is by far its most
prosperous -- a thriving business centre propelled by thousands of micro-
entrepreneurs who have created an invaluable industry -- turning around the
discarded waste of Mumbai's 19 million citizens. A new estimate by economists
of the output of the slum is as impressive as it seems improbable: £700m a year.
It is story of ingenuity and enterprises; it is a story of survival without subsidies
or welfare, it is a story that illustrate is the term slums to describe a place that
produces everything from suitcases to leather goods, Indian sweets, papad and
gold jewellery.
Every square inch of dharavi is being used for some productivity activity. This
is enterprises personified an island of free enterprises not assisted or restricted
by the state or any laws. Dharavi is an unofficially endorsed enclave of crass
illegality that continues to flourish under the tightly shut eyes of the law. The
atmosphere in dharavi, even on a holiday, is like being a treadmill. The streets
are lined with hawkers selling everything from safety pins to fruit and even
suitcases behind them are a mad array of shops. If you want to eat the best
Gulab jamuns in town, buy the best chiki, order an World Health Organisation
(WHO) certified sutures, acquire a export quality leather bag see the latest trend
in ready made garment, get a new suitcase or to see traditional Indian jewellery.
There is no better place then dharavi. Goods are easy to locate as they are sold
in shops on the main streets that cries cross dharavi. But much more can be
found tucked away in some inner lane that can only be located if you are guided
by the dharavi resident.
Estimated daily turnover of dharavi can only be wild guesses as a few people
will actually acknowledge how much they earn for fear that some official will
descend on them much of production here is illegal but there is little doubt that
it run into billions of rupees. According to estimates the total turnover of
dharavi legal as well as illegal was 210000 crores. No wonder people think of
dharavi as a gold mine without considering property prices. . According to
official sources, there are 4,902 industrial units in Dharavi of which textiles
form 1,036, pottery 932, leather 567, plastic processing 478 and Jari stitching
498. Sunday, Aug 08, some famous industries are located here, including
tanneries, leatherworkers, potteries, garment makers and even chemical plants.
These units are spread out all over dharavi with big concentration of transit
camp. The common points of all this enterprise island including some of the
bigger ones is that they have come up despite the government and not because
of it. there were parts of settlements that are covered with wool fluff from hides
after they were cleaned .even today there are lanes in dharavi that are carpeted
with a wool from a sheep and a goat skin drying in a sun .at one end a former
employee of an multinational company has a set up a soap factory producing
detergent bars that are strikingly similar to the brand produced by his former
employers way leather was treated in dharavi. But in early days, the hides were
treated further. They were soaked in lime pits or in drums for 4 days this would
conditioned leather to absorb the chemicals that would be applied later .After
this the hides were shaved manually at that time now by machine to removed
the wool and remaining flesh and fat

Essence of the Entrepreneurial

spirit in Dharavi
The people of Dharavi have laboured hard, rankled hard, to strike it rich.
Popular stereotyping has reinforced the image of Dharavi as a place of dirt and
filth, breeding criminal activities. But Dharavi represents Mumbai's real
cosmopolitanism, a place where people from different regions of India have
forged new identities and lives through sheer grit and determination. If the
people of Dharavi have shown initiative and enterprise, it is not because the city
helped them to realize their dreams, rather this was despite the way the city has
treated them.

Little Japan
Dharavi is an unorganised, unregulated industrial estate, called by many as the
"Little Japan", where the people are engaged in businesses of plastics, leather,
eateries, garments, jewellery, among others. It is a hub of entrepreneurs trying
to manage a day of survival. It can become a global manufacturing hub. If
government gives attention to it.
Facts of little japan
 Dharavi is first an industrial estate and then a residential
slum!
 Dharavi is enterprise personified – it forces people to
survive, due to lack of a safety net
 85%+ residents of Dharavi, work in Dharavi itself.

Legal industries in little japan

• 500 small scale Garments units, and about 100 doing embroidery and
zardozi work.
• 25-30 big and 5000 small job work leather goods manufacturing units
• 150 leather shops
• Suitcases
• Only 50 Lijjat members are in Dharavi (out of 8000 in Mumbai and of
40,000 in India). Rest are involved in papad making for other private
labels.
• Printing presses – about 100
• Foundries (brass buckles)
• Gold refinery and retail outlets
• Indian sweets making units (biggest in India)
• 111 restaurants
• 85 Export Oriented Units (including WHO approved surgical sutures)
• 3 to 4 Soap and detergent factories
• 152 Food units – chikki (27), papads, chana dal, khari biscuit etc.
• Some tanneries
• 25 bakeries
• 250 potters in Kumbharwada
• Kite making

In little japan ie; Dharavi most of the

business done is illegal the above numbers
just shows the licensed while the
unlicensed are not included

Earnings of people living in dharavi

The average household in Dharavi now earns between 3,000 and 15,000 rupees
a month (£40-£200), well above agricultural wage levels.. Certain corners of
Dharavi have even gone upmarket with bars, beauty parlours and clothing
boutiques. Last week a major bank opened the slum's first ATM. 85% of the
people living in dharavi are employed in dharavi itself. People live there
because they earn there livelihood from there.
Leather industry
India’s 17% of leather export comes
from dharavi
If you want to buy a branded leather jacket or purse that also at a cheap price
then there is no better place then dharavi. If you ask any knowledgeable shopper
in Mumbai, where do you get the cheapest and best quality leather products;
they are not going say the Oberoi Arcade but Dharavi. In their confines you can
buy jackets, wallets, bags, belts and a variety of leather products. These
products are mostly export rejects or surplus products, produced by the leather
manufacturers of Dharavi. Leather industry was one of the biggest industry in
dharavi before 1990. Officially all the tanneries in dharavi have been relocated
to deonar. Some small old tanneries continue to operate despite the official ban
leather tanneries are mostly found in chamda bazaar and parsichawl. Spray
painting of leather bags and belts still take on a large scale in dharavi. There are
around 1000 leather units (it includes tanneries, small manufacturing, finishing
units)
According to government’s official figures 40,000goats are killed in each week
in deonar. These animals are brought to Mumbai from gujrat and Madhya
Pradesh .all these hides are brought to dharavi for the first stage of processing
.each skin is bought for Rs 100 and resold, after salting for a slightly higher
sum. The margin is very small apart from goats the abattoir also slaughters 500
buffaloes and cows a week. These skins sell at Rs 500 each

The process
"Each week the tanneries in dharavi get hides from the slaughter house in
Deonar and A.K.G. nagar .They first salt it then and treat them to remove all the
blood and make them smooth. Then they send them to Chennai where they are
processed to become leather. The processed leather is then sent back to Dharavi
for finishing."
The days of leather tanning are more or less over in Dharavi, finished leather
goods have taken over as the main leather based business. As you come to the
end of 90 feet road and turn into Sion Mahim link road you see gleaming leather
showrooms with names like jazz, leather crafts. This is a famous leather street
that has made dharavi a name even in rich Mumbai now. But the leather
processed in dharavi is not of high quality to be used in finished goods. For then
processed leather is trucked in from Chennai. Workroom and work in bad lights
poor ventilation and in stifling heat to produce the most beautifully finished and
crafted leather goods.

The turnover in the raw leather business in

Dharavi is around Rs 60 crores, over Rs 50 crore
in sheep and goat hides and the rest in buffalo
and cow hides.

Some features of employment in

Dharavi’s leather accessories;

Manufacturer
Dharavi’s leather accessories manufacture is dominated by small enterprises.
About 85 per cent of the workers are employed in enterprises with 10 workers
or less. In these small enterprises, often owners also doubled as workers, thus
self employed owner-workers accounted for about 31 per cent of the
workforce. The industry is dominated by young male workers (average
age of workforce was 27 years), though women worked in some enterprises
as family labour or even hired workers.
Employment in the leather accessories manufacture in Dharavi is highly
informal in nature. Workers are employed both on time rates as well as in piece
rates. Time-rated employment dominated accounting for 71 per cent of all hired
employment. The average wage monthly earnings of workers was Rs.
2,127). There is no semblance of job security, non-wage benefits such as paid
leave, medical and retirement benefits.

Workforce
About 70 per cent of the workers in dharavi are migrants from other states of
India and about 18 per cent came from different districts of Maharashtra.
Workers born in Bihar accounted for about 59 per cent of the total workforce.
Others came from Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka, TamilNadu, Andhra
Pradesh and Manipur

Consumer
The high quality leather is exported while the other surplus and rejected is sold
in all-over India

Number of units
25-30 big and small job work leather goods manufacturing units 150 leather
shops some tanneries
Pottery
Introduction
Kumbharwada area is mostly famous for making variety of pots. Kumbharwada
represents 6 generation from Saurashtra who have lived & worked in Mumbai.
They are migrants whose forefathers left their hometowns in Gujarat, in western
India, during the 1930s, in search of better earnings and livelihoods in Mumbai
city. Kumbharwada occupies 12.5 acres of prime property in Dharavi. It is
located at the point where 90ft road meets 60ft road over 1000 potters work in
this area including women with an average of 25 women in one block out of
seven blocks only in 250 huts are for pots making & polishing in respective
potters house. It also serves kitchen & a bedroom. The first Kumbharwada was
at Naigaon. In 1932 there were 319 Kumbhar families, today there are about
2,000.

Process
The clay required for the making of the is being brought from mumbra .A
variety of pots, vases, divas are being made at Kumbharwada. Still the
traditional method is being used for making pots. Firstly the pots are made on
the wheel then they are dried for approximately 24-36 hours. Then they are
baked in the bhatti. Then they are polished. After that they are ready to use.

Consumer
Most of the pots made in dharavi are sold in the city while some good quality of
pots are also being exported.

Turnover
The total turnover of this potters is approximately 150-200 crores.

Workers
90% of the workers in the field of making pots are gujratis while the other 10%
is mix of Muslims and Mahrashtrians

Case study (potter)

Pottery was once a thriving industry, but not anymore, according to Gopinath
( a person with whom we talked) a potter in his mid-forties who lives with his
wife, children, unmarried brothers and sisters, and aging parents in a dirty and
congested shanty about 400 square feet in area. Gopinath says pottery is no
longer a lucrative business as market demands for pots is fast diminishing. As
this is the only trade Gopinath has inherited from his father, he has no option
but to carry on pottery despite the low return. Basically, pots are made out of
mud and clay and rolled and shaped by hand with the help of rotating wheels.
Pottery making, which is considered an age-old traditional art in India.
In the past people stored drinking water in pots, which helped to cool it, but
refrigerator water bottles have replaced pots. The demand for pottery today is
seasonal only; for example, for festivals like Diwali, when clay lamps are used
to light houses. Gopinath said that most of the members of his community are
opting out of pottery for other trades as it has become extremely difficult for
them to survive on their meagre earning of about $250 per month. Potters
average around $2,500 a year in earnings. Gopinath does not want his children
to follow in his footsteps but to look for better opportunities after completing
their educations.
Gopinath is opposed to the controversial DRP. The smaller living area would be
too small to accommodate his extended family and his pottery business.
The government seems determined to go ahead with the DRP. Thousands of
potters like Gopinath are bracing for a grim future. At stake are not only the
age-old traditional of pottery making but the very existence of the Kumbhar
(potter).
Gold Refining
Sakinabai is one of Dharavi’s oldest chawls located off Dharavi main road. It’s
narrow lanes are literally lined with gold-refined. It is the home of gold refining,
jewellery making & polishing. The jewellery made in dharavi is famous for
traditional Tamil jewellery

Process Refining.
Gold is kept in small earthenware pots which are then placed in a small opening
above the fire. Once the goal melts it is mad into nuggets & weighed. It is sold
according to it’s weight to the jewellers. The gold that is thus smelted from old
ornaments, sold to pay off debts or to buy new jewellery

Process finishing
The polishing of gold jewellery is done manually. One plastic basin has Aretha
water in which ornament is soaked The Excess dirt is then removed carefully
with a brush.

Consumer
Most of the jewellery made is sold in the domestic market only. Jewellery made
in dharavi is mostly traditional tamilians jewellery

Workers
Mostly the workers in making of jewellery are Tamils while the jewellery shops
are being owned by gujratis.
Food Industry
The next time you bite into a soft, sweet, gulab jamun at a 5 star hotel in
Mumbai, you will probably eating something manufactured in Dharavi. Imagine
the over powering smell of ghee assaulting you as you make your own through
one of the many garbage-encrusted roads in Dharavi. If you look behind the
high gates next to Diamond Apartments, where Abdul Baqua, who makes
sutures lives, you will see a factory-like structure set within a large compound.
This is the place where gulab jamuns, rosogullas, chamchams, motichoor
ladoos, kaju barfee & many more delicious Indian sweets are made. Punjabi
Ghasitaram Halwai is very famous in Dharavi. A bigger food businesses is that
of manufacturing chikki, chana, chakli & mysore pak. In addition to chikki &
mithai you will see many women rolling out papads. If you walk down dharavi
cross road you will find shops either side laden with goodswhich have been
manufactured and packed in the lanes just behind dharavi. Dharavi’s chiki
makers produces tonnes of peanut brittle chikiwhich is sold allover the city and
outside. In dharavi there are also many big companies which manufactures
different types of snacks. The chiki available at railway platforms and small
atores is mostly being made in dharavi.

Papad making
Ever wondered the lijjat papad you eat where does it come from, it comes from
Dharavi. You will see many women’s rolling out papad some of them is
supplying them to Lijjat Papad. It is a women’s organisation called Shri.
Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad. Lijjat has 8,000 registered members in
Mumbai. Those women’s travel to Bandra everyday to collect the wet dough
from which papads are made within a couple of days they are back with the
rolled out papads which have been dried in the sun. For their efforts those
women earn an average of Rs. 50 to Rs. 60 per day. All the woman’s rolling out
papad do not work for, Shri. Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad many do this for
private entrepreneurs and many for themselves. The Shri. Mahila Griha Udyog
Lijjat Papad has its largest branch of making papad in dharavi.

Workers
The most interesting aspects of the trade is that each set of workers come from
different parts of India. Thus, Bengali workers make chamchams & rosogullas,
Punjabis make ladoos & gulab jamuns, maharashtrians make kaju katri & burfis
& the UP bhaiyas make khoya milk based sweets as well as some of the
savouries like samosas.

Consumers
The food items made in dharavi is mostly sold locally. The Shri. Mahila Griha
Udyog Lijjat also export its papad to U.S.A and europe

Number of units
152 Food units – chikki (27), papads, chana dal, khari biscuit etc.
Recycling Industry
Ever wondered where the pen refills go after you have disposed them off? It
might be of hardly any significance but there is an entire world out there earning
their living off the recycling business. Plastic goods including road waste, bags,
and oil plastic cans are recycled at the plants in Dharavi. Recycling is a multi
million dollar industry. According to NSDF Dharavi’s plastic recycling industry
is the largest in India. Recycling scrap area of Dharavi is concentrated in what is
commonly known as 13th compound, located on the corner where 60ft road
meets Mahim’s Sion link road. Across the road is a Mithi river & the Mahim
creek. This is one area that could have been developed, either as an industrial
area or as a residential one, if the authorities had been alert. Just when Dharavi’s
development began in 1986.
In the so-called '13th compound' Dharavi's recycling miracle is in full show.
This is where 80 per cent of Mumbai's plastic waste is given a new life. All
around young boys cart wheelbarrows filled with everyday plastic waste. Junk
is a word that does not exist. Dharavi's plastic recycling industry employs
almost 10,000 people, melting, reshaping and moulding discarded plastic.
Dharavi’s speciality is recycling plastic it employs over 10,000 people &
turnover estimated Rs.1 85 crores everyday at least 25,000 sacks of plastic leave
this area. The Recyclers are paid on daily wages of Rs.80 – to Rs. 100 per day
for 10-12 hours. Around 2000 tonnes of plastic is recycled daily. Apart from
plastic, scrap metal, papers, wood, tins etc are also recycled.
Recycling is one of the slum's biggest industries. Thousands of tonnes of scrap
plastic, metals, paper, cotton, soap and glass revolve through Dharavi each day.
Location is the key to this. Until two decades ago, the slum was next door to
Bombay's biggest rubbish tip. This provided a livelihood for thousands of local
dalits, for whom “rag picking”—scavenging on society's leftovers for anything
of salvageable value—is a traditional employment. The tip has since been
shifted outside the city. So too, for want of space, have many of Dharavi's
recycling units.

"In a city that wastes nothing, everything has a market as long

as you are willing to pay something for it. Junk is a word that
does not exist. If it has a use it will be used to its maximum."

Recycling of plastic bags

LIKE Hindu souls, disposable plastic cups are many times reborn in Dharavi. In
a spiralling continuum, they are discarded and gathered in, melted down to their
polypropylene essence, and re-moulded in some new plastic form. Recycling is
one of the slum's biggest industries. Yet the roughly 6,000 tonnes of rubbish
produced each day by a swelling Mumbai continues to sustain an estimated
30,000 ragpickers, including many residents of Dharavi. The slum is also host
to some 1000 plastic recycling units. Recycling of plastic bag is the biggest
business, it takes place on a very large scale. The profit margins are very less
they earn around 1½ -2 Rs per kg of plastic bags

Process
Firstly the plastic bags are collected then they are torn after that they wash and
then the plastic bags are given to the recycling company which recycles them.

Polythene recycling Industry

• Highly mechanized industry.
• Very less manpower (around 2-3) workers required.
• Area of approximately 300 sq. ft.
• Not willing to shift from the ground floor because of heavy machinery.
• Hazardous fumes are created during work which poses a health hazard

Recycling of oil drums

Sonala compound in dharavi is very famous for oil drums recycling and
repairing. Many multinational companies also send their containers and drums
for repairing and recycling in dharavi.

Number of units
Above 1000 recycling units are situated in dharavi.

Garment
Your fetish for fine fabrics can be satiated if you take a walk along the
readymade garment outlets that stand in a line here. It's a hub for middlemen,
manufacturers and exporters of garments. Sizeable number of manufacturers
supplying to domestic markets operate here and some export high quality
knitted and woven garments. We export 80 per cent of our garments to the USA
and 20 per cent to South America and Mexico. There are more than 10-20 units
in dharavi which have an average turnover of around 10 crores. There are
around 500 small and big scale units in dharavi

Embroidery and Zardozi

Embroidery and zardozi work is also done on a large scale in dharavi there are
around 100-150 embroidery and zardozi units in dharavi. This work is mostly
done by women’s . They get 80-100 bucks for 8-10 hours of work

Consumer
80% of the garments are exported to US and Mexico while the other 20% is
sold in the domestic market. United States biggest retail chain Wal-Mart and K-
mart are one of the biggest consumers of the garment industry of dharavi

Number of units
500 small scale Garments units, and about 100 doing embroidery and
Zardozi work.
Sutures
If you want to order WHO certified sutures that also at its chepest price then
there is no better place then dharavi. The world’s topmost company Johnson
and Johnson has its factory in dharavi. Proximity to abattoir in Bandra enhanced
the trade of making sutures. Apart from Johnson and Johnson, the multinational
company that have factory in dharavi, the other person best known is abdul
baqua who owns Ideal Trading company His factory has been certified by WHO
and he is proud that despite the filth his company can maintain the highest
standard of hygiene and manufacture sutures that are meant exclusively for
export. Other than this 2 company there are many smaller units which
manufacture fine quality of sutures. Most of there sutures is sold in the domestic
market only while some is exported also. The total turnover of this Industry was
around 100-120 crores in the year 2005-2006

Soap
There are around 5-6 soap and detergent manufacturing units in dharavi ,much
of which is sold locally around 5-7 tons of soap is annually produced in
dharavi. Much of which is sold locally. All the units in dharavi manufacture
coarse "kapda-dhonewalla" [detergent soap]. The workers employed by this
industry are mostly on daily wages. The packing of the soap is done mostly by
women’s. Interestingly there is one soap factory Dharavi which was started by
former workers from the Hindustan Lever Ltd (HLL) soap factory in Sewri
which closed down due to labour issues. They started making soap (very similar
to the HLL Soap) to protest the lockout. It sells for about 4 rupees a bar which is
less than half of what a branded soap costs, giving the soap an assured market
among the poorer classes.
Number of units
3 to 4 Soap and detergent factories

Other industries
Chuna making industry
The Chuna industry was mainly carried out in homes in 13 compound. Usually,
a whole family used to be involved in it. There were two core pars of this
industry...
A.) making the Chuna and;
B.) Manufacturing the small plastic bottles for storing the Chuna.

ColourIndustry
The colour industry was carried out in the far end of 13 compound between the
two huge BMC water pipelines near Mahim Railway Station.The industry can
be seen in the horizon between the two pipes
The salient features of this industry are as follows:
• Nearly no machinery seen…only manpower.
• Lots of water requirement.
• Usually family oriented business…with family living in proximity near the
railway line.
• Potentially lethal chemicals are used with 2-3 accidents occurring every year
on an average
• The colors are sent outside dharavi to Mumbai and other cities for
consumption

The expected and unexpected both are

manufactured in dharavi but is there any future.
Dharavi has a very good economy But the illegal
activities cannot be ignored Barely 10 per cent of
the commercial activity here is legal. Most of the
workshops are constructed illegally on
government land, power is routinely stolen and
commercial licences are rarely sought. The
business laws of this land are not applicable in
Dharavi. How can they be applicable to a place
that for all legal reasons does not exist? Dharavi
is beyond our traditional India baboon of red
tape, licenses, duties, municipal permissions,
paperwork and taxes. Dharavi is therefore in a
sense a "Free Economic Zone".
.

Illegal activities in dharavi

• Child labour
• There are 145 (Hazardous chemical drums) recycling units
• Foundries
• Adulteration and copying (cold drinks to toothpaste)
• 722 Scrap and Recycling (plastics, chemicals etc.) of which only 359 are
licensed

Future
The DRP plan
In June 2007, the government floated global tenders for the 90-billion-rupee
Slum-free Dharavi Redevelopment Project (DRP). The project envisages
undertaking about 70 million square feet of construction. Some 30 million
square feet of that will be for residential space and amenities, whereas the
remaining 40 million square feet will be put up for sale.
About 4,500 industrial units will be rehabilitated in the designated commercial
area. Polluting units, such as the leather industry, will be shifted elsewhere, and
only non-polluting and non-hazardous units would be allowed to stay. Around
57,000 new houses with an area of 225 square feet will be built for the residents
of Dharavi. If the DRP plan is approved than all the industry will be closed.
Condemtion by the public for
there livelihood
The project has been fiercely condemned by the slum-dwellers, who have
created a vibrant self-sufficient economy of potteries, tanneries and other
industry among the warren of narrow lanes. At one side of the slum, women
stuff mattresses and vans ferry goods to market while potters work on open
roofs creating clay figures for sale. Environmental groups say such industries at
Dharavi provide an object lesson in recycling. But city planners say the
tanneries and workshops pollute Mumbai's already filthy waterways and the
project includes environmentally friendly workshops.

Dharavi is a flourishing but illegal

economy.

Name-Deepak Jain

Roll no-41

Subject
 Environmental
management

Project
Human activity in
dharavi

Index
1) Introduction

2) Enterprises and ingenuity

3) Leather industry
4) Pottery

5) Gold Refining

6) Food Industry

7) Recycling Industry

8) Garment Industry

9) Sutures and Soap Industry

10) Other industries

11) Future

LAND TITLE HOLDINGS

SR. NO. LAND TITLE AREA IN AREAS IN ACRES
HECTARES
1. Bombay Municipal 106 262
Land
2. Government Land 26 64

3. Private land 43 106

4. Grand Total 175 432

DEMOGRAPHIC TABLE
SR NO TITLE UNITS
1. No. of Huts 80,518
2. No. of Families 1,06,045
3. No. of persons 5,30,225

EMPLOYMENT STATUS
SR. NO. TITLE PERCENTAGE
1. Permanent Job 50%
2. Temporary Job 15%
3. Self-Employment 35%

MIGRATION BREAK-UP
SR. NO. TITLE TOTAL NUMBER PERCENTAGE
1. Tamil Nadu 1,94,915 36.6%
2. Maharashtra 1,76,880 33.36%
3. Karnataka 30,565 5.76%
4. Andhra Pradesh 28,145 5.36%
5. Uttar Pradesh 49,550 9.34%
6. Kerala 24,155 4.56%
7. Gujarat 24,435 4.61%
8. Bihar 175 0.04%
9. Rajasthan 1,225 0.21%
10. Total 5,30,225 100%

The above table reads the major

occupation and the no of units
Occupatio Major area No of Estimati
n units on
Legally
Leather Parsichawl and 150 Above 200
chamda bazaar
Potter Kumbharwada 250 Above 1000

Garments Social nagar and 500 Above 1000

dharavi main road
Soap 13TH compound 3-4 3-4

Sutures 13TH compound - 25-30

Gold Refining Mukund nagar - Above 100

and jewellery

Food Diamond 152 Above 500

apartment and
Dharavi main
road
Recycling A.K.G.Nagar - Above 1000
13TH compound,
Sonala compound
Dharavi 4902 Above 7000
Others

Other Information as per NSDF survey

1985
Average density per acre 350 huts (800 to 1000 per hectare)

Permitted density per acre 266 huts (500 per hectare)

Population density per acre 1225 (4000 to 5000 per hectare)

Daily turnover in dharavi Rs. 70,00,000

Municipal primary schools 4 existing (3 proposed)

Secondary schools 1 existing (1 proposed)

Play ground 4 existing (1 proposed)

Municipal market 1 proposed

Municipal health centre 1 existing

Police station 1 existing

Fire Bridge 1 existing

Cemetery 2 existing

Post office 2 existing

Park 1 proposed

Pump house 1 proposed

Vocational training school and polytechnic 1 proposed

Service industrial zone 1 proposed

industrial zone 1 proposed

AS per NSDF Survey 1985

S. No. Commercial Business No. of units
1. Food Items 152
2. Leather 43

3. Video 114

4. Printing Press 50

5. Hotel 111

6. Bakery 25

7. Scrap 177

8. Garment Export 85

9. Small Scale Industries 244

10. Big Industries 43