221207toilet Petition-2

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
IN THE CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
PIL WRIT PETITION NO. OF 2007
JANHIT MANCH AND ORS. .... PETITIONERS
V/S
THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA
AND OTHERS ….RESPONDENTS
INDEX
Sr.NO. DATE PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
1. PROFORMA
2. SYNOPSIS
3. POINTS, AUTHORITIES & ACTS
4. THE PETITION
5. VERIFICATION
6. APPEARANCE NOT
7. MEMORANDUM OF REGISTERED ADDRESS
8. LIST OF DOCUMENTS
9. 1-2-2006 EXHIBIT ‘A’
Hindustan Times report.
10. 20-11-2007 EXHIBIT ‘B’
DNA report.
11. 13-11-2007 EXHIBIT ‘C’
and 20-11-2007 DNA report.
12. 29-10-2007 EXHIBIT ‘D’
Times of India report.
13. 25-9-2007 EXHIBIT ‘E’

Indian Express report.
14. 11-12-2007 EXHIBIT ‘F’
Times of India report.
15. 6-11-2007 EXHIBIT ‘G’
Mumbai Mirror report.
16. EXHIBIT ‘H’
Survey report by the Petitioners
No.4 & 5.
17. 18-1-2007 EXHIBIT ‘I’
Reuters report.
18. EXHIBIT ‘J’
Stated Datas.
19. March, 2004 EXHIBIT ‘K’
Infochange Report.
20. AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT.
21. CERTIFICATE
CIVIL ORIGINAL SIDE
PIL. WRIT PETITION NO. OF 2007
JANHIT MANCH & ORS. Kuber Bhuvan, Bajaj Road, Petitioner (s)
Vile Parle (West),
Mumbai – 400 056.
-Versus- Address
& ANOTHER Respondent (s)
(IN PERSON).
Office Notes, Office Memorunda of
Corom. Appendices. Court’s order or Court’s of Judge’s
Direction and prothonarty’s order orders.

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V/S
AND OTHERS ..RESPONDENTS
SYNOPSIS
1. 19th Century- The sanitation crisis facing poor households
in the developing world has parallels with an earlier period
in the history of today’s rich countries. Today, People in the
cities of Europe and America live free from fear of
waterborne infectious disease.
2. Rajkot Sanitation Committee, 1896- “Latrines for us!
They exclaimed in astonishment. We go and perform our
functions out in the open. Latrines are for you big people”,
Mahatma Gandhi recounting Untouchables’ grievances.
3. UN Human Development Report,1990- Mahbub Ul
Haq wrote, “The basic objective of development is to
create an enabling environment in which people can enjoy
long, healthy and creative lives.”

4. March 2004- InfoChange News & Features: In India,
an estimated 591,500 children die from poor hygiene every
year -- the highest in the world.
5. Hindustan Times, Feb.1,2006: Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh, “Lack of sanitation privacy a shame on
us. It is a shame that even today our mothers and sisters in
rural India lack basic privacy. This national disgrace must
be addressed urgrently.”
6. UN Human Development Report 2006: It is
estimated that there is 1 Toilet for 1440 People in a place
called Dharavi in Mumbai, India.
7. 20th Nov. 2007: From the Website of Dept. of Drinking
Water supply, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. Of
India-- Maharashtra with 33 Districts- 349 Blocks- 27914
Panchayats- 47468 Villages, has only 21,56,437
Households are with Toilets and staggering 88,96,992
Households are without Toilets.
8. 18th January 2007 Reuters—Sanitation voted the most
important medical milestone in the past century and half in
a poll conducted by a leading medical journal.
9. 2nd October 2007- Petitioners 4 and 5 carried out
random survey of Toilets in Western and Central Railway
Stations of Mumbai, found them filthy, inadequate, some
closed.
10. 20th Nov.2007, DNA—There is a shortage or say
requirement of 36,000 Toilet seats in Mumbai and BMC will
built around 20,000 by Jan.2008.

11. 30th Nov.2007, Hindustan Times—In Mumbai, there
are 1300 Pay and Use Public Toilets for its 14 Million
population, i.e. 1 Toilet for every 10,769 people, in
comparison to Singapore’s 60,000 Public Toilets for its 4.5
Million Population, i.e. 1 for every 75. Shanghai has Public
Toilet every 1000 feet.
Petitioner no.2
In Person
V/S
AND OTHERS …RESPONDENTS
THE POINTS TO BE URGED
1. That the crisis in sanitation is—above all—a crisis for the
poor. The absence of adequate sanitation is also a major
cause of poverty and malnutrition.
2. That deprivation in sanitation perpetuates gender
inequality and disempowers women. For millions of women
across the world inadequate access is a source of shame,
physical discomfort and insecurity.
3. That unsanitary conditions and practices at the household
level, such as absence of sanitary latrines, unsafe waste
disposal and unhygienic behavior in childcare and food
preparation, create a dangerous environment with health
risks, in particularly to children.
4. That adequate Sanitation would save the lives of countless
childrens, support progress in education and liberate
people from the illness that keep them in poverty.
Improved Sanitation brings advantages for public health,

livelihoods and dignity, advantages that extend beyond
households to entire communities.
5. That the health, gender and other inequalities associated
with the sanitation deficit systematically undermine
progress in education, poverty reduction and wealth
creation.
6. That there is a shortage or say requirement of 36000 toilet
seats or say 10,000 Toilet Blocks in the City of Mumbai.
Household sanitation Coverage for the whole of Maharshtra
stands at - 19.51%, staggering 88,96,992 Households are
without Toilets.
7. That deprivation in access to sanitation is a silent crisis,
experienced by the poor and tolerated by those, having the
resources, the technology and political power, to end it.
8. That it is unlawful & unjustified on the part of State to
plead paucity of funds as defense in their inability to
provide basic amenities to the people residing in the local
limits of their jurisdiction.
THE AUTHORITIES TO BE CITED
1. The Constitution Of India.
2. Municipality of Ratlam Vs Vardichand [AIR 1980 SC]
3. Masood Ahmad Vs State of J&K. [AIR 1997 J&K 75]
THE ACTS TO BE RELIED UPON
1. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888

PETITIONER NO.2
INPERSON
IN THE MATTER OF:
Article 226, 14, 21, Part 9- Panchayats
and 9A- Municipalities, Eleventh and
Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution of
India
AND
Section 252 of The Mumbai Municipal
Corporation Act, 1888
1. JANHIT MANCH )
Kuber Bhuvan,Bajaj Road, )
Vile Parle (w), Mumbai- 400 056. )
2. Mr. Sandeep Jalan )
Member of Managing committee of )
Petitioner No.1, C/O Janhit Manch, )
Kuber Bhuvan, Bajaj Road, Vile Parle )
(West), Mumbai – 400 056 )
3. Mrs. Meera Kamat )
Petitioner No.1, Flat No.2 Ruchi C.H.S. )
Ltd, Chikoowadi Road, Shimpoli, Borivli )
(w), Mumbai- 400 092 )…Petitioners
4. Dattaram Kumkar )
Indira Nagar, Room No.38, V.M.Road, )
Vile Parle (West), Mumbai – 400 056. )
5. Bharat Kadam )
Saibaba Chowal, Nehru Nagar, )
V.M.Road, Vile Parle (West), )
Mumbai – 400 056. )
V/S
1. The State of Maharshtra, )
through Additional Chief Secretary, ]
Dept Of Public Health, Mantralaya. ]
Mumbai – 400 032. )
2. The State of Maharashtra, ]
Urban Development Dept., Mantralaya. ]
MumbaI- 400 032. ]
3. The Municipal Corporation Of Mumbai )

Mahapalika Marg, Near C.S.T. Rly., )
Mumbai – 400 001. )
4. The Pune Municipal Corporation )
Main Building, Shivaji Nagar, ]
Pune- 5. ]
5. The Ministry Of Railways, through ]
General Manager, )
Rail Bhavan, 245, Raisina Mark )
New Delhi – 110 001. )…Respondents.
THE HONOURABLE CHIEF JUSTICE AND OTHER PUISNE JUDGES OF
THE HONOURABLE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
THE HUMBLE PETITION OF THE PETITIONERS ABOVENAMED MOST
RESPECTFULLY SHEWETH
1. The Petitioners states that Petitioner No.1 is an
Organization taking up issues of Public Interest to the respective
Public Authorities for resolution and if not resolved , takes to the
Judiciary for appropriate redressal. 2nd & 3rd Petitioners are the
Members of the Managing Committee of Janhit Manch i.e. 1st
Petitioner. 4th and 5th Petitioners are the Life Members and
employees of Janhit Manch i.e. petitioners no.1, who resides in
Indira nagar and Nehru Nagar, Vile-Parle(W), the slums pockets
of Mumbai and bear indignity associated with inadequate and
poor sanitation.
2. The 1st Respondents is the Dept. Of Public Health, State of
Maharashtra, having mandate of to maintain Public Health in the
area within the limits of their jurisdiction. The 2nd Respondent is
the Dept. of Urban Development having the mandate of the
holistic development of Urban agglomeration in the State. The 3rd
and 4th Respondents are the Municipal Corporation of Mumbai
and Pune Municipal Corporation respectively, having the
Constitutional and Statutory mandate of maintaining and
providing basic amenities to the people residing within the local
limits of their jurisdiction. The 5th Respondents are the Ministry
of Railways serving millions of people daily who have the
occasion to use Toilet facilities existing within the premises of
Railways.
3. The Petitioners begin their submissions with the remarks
made by none other than the Hon. Prime Minister Of India
Mr.Manmohan Singh which sufficiently describe the overall
scenario prevailing in the country. “Lack of sanitation privacy a
shame on us. It is a shame that even today our mothers and
sisters in rural India still lack basic privacy. This national disgrace
must be addressed urgrently.” Source-HINDUSTAN TIMES- Feb
1,2006.
Hereto annexed and marked as EXHIBIT ‘A’ is the copy of the
said Hindustan Times report dated 1-2-2006.
‘Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister Of India was once
quoted as saying, “A country in which every citizen has access to
a clean toilet is ONE that has reached the pinnacle of progress.”
4. The Petitioners crave leave, to recite the words of
Mahatma Gandhi, “‘Latrines for us!’ they exclaimed in
astonishment. ‘We go and perform our functions out in the open.

Latrines are for you big people’” Mahatma Gandhi recounting
untouchables’ grievances,
Rajkot Sanitation Committee, 1896.
The Petitoners states that the crisis in sanitation is—above all—a
crisis for the poor. The absence of adequate sanitation is also a
major cause of poverty and malnutrition. Overwhelmingly, the
costs of exclusion are borne by poor households, especially
women.
While it is true that some costs are transmitted to the whole of
society, people living in urban slums and marginal rural areas
bear the brunt. It is the children of the poor, not of the military
high command and the top civil service that face the greatest
risk of premature death from diarrhea. It is the young girls in
poor households that are most likely to be kept home from
school. Deprivation in sanitation perpetuates gender inequality
and disempowers women.
The time women spend caring for children made ill by
waterborne diseases diminishes their opportunity to engage in
productive work. Inadequate sanitation is experienced by
millions of women as a loss of dignity and source of insecurity.
The slum residents live in an environment that poses a daily
health threat. It is estimated that there is 1 toilet for every 1,440
people in a place called Dharavi in Mumbai, India. The Petitioner
no.5 residing at Nehru Nagar slum pocket has 3 Toilet Blocks,
around 60 Toilet seats for 5000 Households.
The sanitation crisis facing poor households in the developing
world has parallels with an earlier period in the history of today’s
rich countries. Today, people in the cities of Europe and the
United States live free from fear of waterborne infectious
diseases. At the turn of the 20th century the picture was very
different. The vast expansion of wealth that followed
industrialization increased incomes, but improvements in more
fundamental indicators such as life expectancy, child survival
and public health lagged far behind. The reason: cities exposed
people to greater opportunities to amass wealth but also to
water contaminated with human waste. The mundane reality of
unclean water severed the link
between economic growth and human development. It was not
until a revolution in water and sanitation restored that link that
wealth generation and human welfare started to move in
tandem. That revolution heralded unprecedented advances in
life expectancy and child survival— and better public health
fuelled economic advances. As people become healthier and
wealthier with the provision of clean water and sanitation, a
virtuous circle of economic growth and human development
emerged.
The health, gender and other inequalities associated with the
sanitation deficit systematically undermine progress in
education, poverty reduction and wealth creation. Source: UN
Human Development Report 2006.
The Petitioners crave leave to refer and rely upon when
produced.
5. The Petitioners states that India is the second worst in the
world in this regard, next only to China, according to WaterAid
India, an international organization working on water, sanitation
and hygiene. According to a Unicef report, only 30% of the Indian
population had access to proper sanitation though recent
government figures say it's increased to nearly 47%. Despite
significant investments over the last 20 years, India still faces

the most daunting sanitation challenge among countries in
South Asia. It lags behind other South Asian countries like
Bangladesh (4th ) and Pakistan (7th), said Depinder S Kapur of
WaterAid India. The costs of not investing enough in sanitation
are huge. In India, 15 lakh children lose their lives to diarrhea
every year; over 3 crore people are affected by waterborne
diseases every year leading to a loss of more than 7 crore
working days annually. Source: DNA, Nov.20, 2007.
Hereto annexed and marked as EXHIBIT ‘B’ is the copy of the

said DNA report dated 20-11-2007.
6. The Petitioners states that the figures or datas regarding
Sanitation or Toilet coverage in the Mumbai are not available on
the Mumbai Municipal Corporation’s web site. The Petitioners
have filed one RTI application to the BMC to get the data but the
information is yet to be provided by them.
According to figures reported in recent news reports there is a
shortage or say requirement of 36000 toilet seats or say 10,000
Toilet Blocks in the City of Mumbai and the BMC will built around
20,000 Toilet seats by January 2008. It is estimated that some
areas in the city have only one toilet block of 12 seats for a
population of over 10,000. This equation results in the poor being
forced to defecate on the roads, giving rise to a public health
hazard. Viral diseases such as polio spread more easily in
overpopulated slums that have poor sanitation.
According to initial estimates made by MMRDA, 80000 toilet
seats are required for Mumbai and neighboring districts.
In a city of Mumbai where an average person spends more time
outside home, traveling long distances to reach workplace, there
are 1300 pay-and-use toilets for 14 million people. That is 1

public toilet for every 10769 people. Compare this with
Singapore’s 60,000 public toilets for its 4.5 million people, i.e. 1
for 75. Shanghai has a public toilet every 1000 feet. Source:
Hindustan Times- 30th Nov.2007; DNA- 13th and 20th Nov.2007;
Times Of India- 29th Oct.2007; Indian Express- 25th Sept.2007
Hereto annexed and Marked as EXHIBIT ‘C’ is the copy of the
said DNA report dated 13.11.2007 and 20-11-2007; EXHIBIT ‘D’
is the copy of the said Times of India Report Dated 29.10.2007;
EXHIBIT ‘E’ is the copy of the said Indian Express Report dated
25.09.2007.
produced the news report of Hindustan Times dated 30th
Nov.2007.
According to latest news report in The Times Of India Dt.11th
December 2007, in the city of Pune, there are 352 urinals for a
population of 30 lakh people. The city, which has crossed the 30-
lakh population mark, has only 352 public urinals, which means
one public urinal per 9,000 people. This shocking fact has been
admitted by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) in an official
reply under the Right To Information Act to activist Vijay
Kumbhar.
This is grossly inadequate as compared to the PMC's own public
health norms which categorically state that one urinal should be
available per 100 people. The main victims of the civic body's
apathy are women and the disabled, who are completely
deprived of the essential facility.
Hereto Annexed and Marked as EXHIBITS: ‘F’ is the copy of
the said Times of India Report dated 11.12.2007.

As regarding availability of Toilet facilities in Railways, the
Petitioner no. 4 and 5 have themselves carried out random
survey ON 2nd October this year and found the numbers
inadequate, with some closed Toilets and conditions of, barring
few, are bad to worse. Foul odour, soiled seats, cracked ceilings,
wall leakages, rusted pipes and dripping water taps welcome the
users of public toilets. The news Report in Mumbai Mirror dated
Nov.6th 2007 corroborate the findings.
Hereto annexed and marked as EXHIBIT: ‘G’ is the copy of the
said Mumbai Mirror Report dated 06.11.2007; EXHIBIT ‘H’ is the
copy of the survey report so carried out by the Petitioners no.4 &
5.
The Petitioners states that Railway tracks and pavements as
open air toilets and urinals is a near omnipresent sight in most of
Indian cities and towns. Rural sanitation is the other side of the
dismal reality.
7. The Petitioners seek to highlight the consequences
primarily associated with inadequate and poor sanitation.
The absence of toilets poses severe public health and security
problems. Not having access to sanitation means that people are
forced to defecate in fields, ditches and buckets. Human excreta,
including that of children, contain all sorts of microorganisms
from parasite eggs to viruses. Unsanitary conditions and
practices at the household level, such as absence of sanitary
latrines, unsafe waste disposal and unhygienic behavior in
childcare and food preparation, create a dangerous environment
with health risks, in particularly to children.

For young girls the lack of basic water and sanitation services
translates into lost opportunities for education and associated
opportunities for empowerment. Sanitation deficits threaten all
children. But young girls and women shoulder a disproportionate
share of the costs borne by the household. Young girls,
particularly after puberty, are also less likely to attend classes if
the school does not have suitable hygiene facilities. Parents
often withdraw girls from a school that does not offer adequate
and separate toilets for girls because of concerns over security
and privacy.
Disparities in education linked to water and sanitation have
lifelong impacts transmitted across generations. Education can
empower women to participate in decision-making in their
communities. As adults, educated girls are more likely to have
smaller, healthier families— and their children are less likely to
die and more likely to receive an education than the children of
less educated mothers. According to Comptroller and Auditors
General Report No.15 of 2006, the State of Maharashtra has the
dubious distinction of being the highest number of schools
lacking Toilets. The figure stands at 36092 schools.
produced.
Waterborne diseases reinforce deep and socially unjust
disparities, with children in poor households facing a risk of
death some three to four times greater than children in rich
households.
Access to safe, hygienic and private sanitation facilities is one of
the strongest indicators of dignity. For millions of women across
the world inadequate access is a source of shame, physical

discomfort and insecurity. Cultural norms strictly control
behavior in this area, in many cases requiring that women not be
seen defecating—a requirement that forces them to leave home
before dawn or after nightfall to maintain privacy. As one woman
in Bangladesh put it: “Men can answer the call of nature anytime
they want…but women have to wait until darkness, no matter
what problem she has.” Delaying bodily functions is a major
cause of liver infection and acute constipation in many countries.
Poor sanitation and drainage contribute to malaria, which claims
some 1.3 million lives a year, 90% of them children Under the
age of five.
Source: UN Human Development Report 2006.
produced.
8. The Petitioners seek to highlight the importance and huge
benefits associated with adequate sanitation facilities.
Adequate Sanitation would save the lives of countless childrens,
support progress in education and liberate people from the
illness that keep them in poverty. Improved Sanitation brings
advantages for public health, livelihoods and dignity, advantages
that extend beyond households to entire communities.
The provision of adequate sanitation reduces the incidence of
diseases and afflictions—such as anaemia, vitamin deficiency
and trachoma—that undermine maternal health and contribute
to maternal mortality.
Sanitation was voted the most important medical milestone in
the past century and a half on Thursday in a poll conducted by a
leading medical journal. “Clearly, sanitation still plays a vital role

in improving public health now and in the future,” said Professor
Johan Mackenbach, of Erasmus University Medical Center in
Rotterdam who championed the sanitation choice. London was
one of first cities of modern times to seriously tackle the problem
of poor sanitation after a British doctor, John Snow, discovered in
1854 that cholera was water-borne and not air-borne as had
previously being thought. Source: Sanitation beats discovery of
DNA, anesthesia in worldwide survey. Copyright 2007 Reuters.
Hereto annexed and marked as EXHIBIT: ‘I’ is the copy of the
said Report of the Reuters dated 18.01.2007.
In the nutshell, adequate sanitation will ensure-
• Reducing income poverty.
• Reducing child mortality.
• Breaking lifecycle disadvantages.
• Holding down wider health costs.
• Improving girls’ education.
• Freeing girls’ and women’s time.
• Ensuring a sense of human dignity.
9. The Petitioners seek to document some figures and datas.
Of the latest data available with the Department of Drinking
Water Supply, Ministry of Rural Development Govt. of India
Website which amply demonstrate the scenario existing in the
State of Maharashtra.
• Schools, Upper Primary For Girls- Coverage- 53.40%;
• Schools, Primary for Girls- Coverage- 27.39%;
• Schools, High and Higher Secondary for Girls- Coverage-
42.86%;
• Schools, Primary for Co-ed- Coverage- 33.52%;
• Schools, Upper Primary for Co-ed Coverage- 52.16%;
• Schools, High and Higher Secondary for Co-ed Coverage-
76.44%;
• Schools, Primary for Boys, Coverage- 28.32%;
• Schools, Upper Primary for Boys Coverage- 36.93%;
• Schools, High and Higher Secondary for Boys Coverage-
60.00%;
• Aanganwadi sanitation Coverage- 12.65%;
• Household sanitation Coverage- 19.51%.
Maharashtra with 33 Districts- 349 Blocks- 27914 Panchayats-
47468 Villages has only 21,56,437 Households are with Toilets
and staggering 88,96,992 Households are without Toilets.
Hereto annexed and marked as EXHIBIT: ‘J’ are the copy of
above stated datas.
Egypt- Access to a flush toilet reduces the risk of infant death by
57% compared with an infant in a household without access to
sanitation (figure 1.6).
Peru- Access to a flush toilet reduces the risk of infant death by
59% compared with public health gains.
Diarrhoea claims some 450,000 lives annually in India—more
than in any other country— and 118,000 in Pakistan. Both
countries have far higher death rates from diarrhoea than
predicted on the basis of their average incomes.
With 1.4 million people Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of
Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, has one of the lowest infant mortality
rates in the country (14 deaths per 1,000 live births in a country
where the national average is 65) and a human development
index comparable to that in rich countries. Effective municipal
governance in water supply and sanitation has played a big part
in this success story.
In urban areas of Peru, to take one example, having a pit latrine
in the home lowers the incidence of diarrhoea by 50%, while
having a flush toilet lowers the risk by 70%. Source: UN Human
Development Report 2006
produced.
Lack of water and sanitation is the world's number one health
problem. This year, 2.2 million children will die as a result of
waterborne diseases, says the Water Supply and Sanitation
Collaborative Council (WSSCC). In India, an estimated 591,500
children die from poor hygiene every year -- the highest in the
world. In Bangladesh, an estimated 21,000 children die annually
due to poor hygiene; in Pakistan the number is 135,000. As many
as 769.4 million people in India do not have access to proper
sanitation, and for 171 million people improved water supply is a
distant dream. The total amount of excreta not being disposed
off safely, in India, is as high as 72%, next only to Afghanistan,
the Congo, Ethiopia, Niger and Rwanda. This would fill up
14,70,308 oil barrels every day.
The large percentage of unsafe disposal is reflected in the health
impact figures for India. The percentage of children suffering
abnormal growth is 47% in India, compared to South Africa's
11%. Source: InfoChange News & Features, March 2004.

Hereto Annexed and Marked as EXHIBIT: ‘K’ is the copy of the
said Report of the Infochange News and Features, March 2004.
The Petitioners states that reality is even bleaker than the
statistics show. The deprivation in access to adequate sanitation
can be measured by statistics, but behind the numbers are the
human faces of millions of people denied an opportunity to
realize their potential. The anguish and suffering associated with
that burden are beyond estimation.
At the same time data on coverage say little about quality.
Broken or poorly functioning improved pit latrines may inflate
coverage rates, but they pose huge public health risks for
families and communities. There is need to look beyond
aggregate figures to the specific problems facing the poorest
households.
10. The Petitioners states that it is a Constitutional Obligation
on the part of State to create favorable conditions & environment
for the potent realization of Fundamental rights enshrined and
cherished in the Constitution Of India.
“The basic objective of development”, wrote Mahbub ul Haq in
the first UN Human Development Report in 1990, “is to create an
enabling environment in which people can enjoy long, healthy
and creative lives.”
11. The Petitioners states that time and again the State and its
instrumentalities cry for lack of funds or insufficient budgetary
provisions for their inability to improve sanitary conditions. The
Petitioners terms these excuses unlawful and unjustified.
Taking a cue from an landmark Supreme Court Judgment in
Municipality of Ratlam V Vardichand(1980), The Hon. Court, thru

Justice Krishna Iyer, Categorically rejected the contentions of
Municipality, the plea of Paucity of funds as defense, for its
failure in the due discharge of public duties.
The Hon. SC by using the weapon of law of nuisance sent shock
waves to the local bodies. The Hon. SC observed, “the Courts are
left wondering whether our municipal bodies and Government
Departments are functional irrelevances, banes, rather than
boons, and “lawless” by long neglect.”
The Hon. SC observed and decided as follows:
1) The key question is whether the court can compel a
statutory body to carry out its duty to the community by
constructing sanitation facilities at great cost and on time-
bound basis.
2) Like many Indian urban centres, Ratlam is an area where
prosperity and poverty live as strange bedfellows where
the rich live in bungalows and the poor live on parameters,
the street is filled with rubbish and human excreta because
they are forced to do so due to lack of public facilities.
3) The municipality remained oblivious to adhere to its basic
obligations towards human well being and was directly
guilty of breach of duty, public nuisance and active
neglect. The plea of municipality that withstanding the
public nuisance, financial inability validly exonerates it
from statutory liability has no juridical basis.
The Court Said, "The Criminal Prcocedure Code(as in the instant
case) operates against Statutory bodies and Others regardless of
the Cash in their coffers even as human rights under part Three
of the Constitution have to be respected by the State regardless
of Budgetary provisions. Likewise, Sec 133 of the said Act has no
saving clause when the Municipal council is penniless.

Otherwise a profligate Statutory body or pachydermic
Govt.Agency may legally defy duties under the Law by urging in
self defence a self created bankrupcy or perverted expenditure
budget.That cannot be." [AIR 1980 SC]
In Masood Ahmad V State of J & K, the Hon. J & K High Court
held that, “Considering the case of the parties in its true
perspective it can be said with no manner of doubt that
Respondents are under Constitutional obligation to provide all
necessary facilities to petitioners which make their existence
meaningful and livable. Decency and dignity are non negotiable
facets of human rights and are first charge on the concerned
Respondents. [AIR 1997 J&K 75.]
Source: STUDENT Environmental Law Book, By Professor P
Leelakrishnan, Publishers- LexisNexis Butterworths-2004.
produced the extracts of judgments stated hereinbefore.
The Petitioners states that by virtue of Part 9 and 9A and
Eleventh and Twelfth of the Constitution Of India; and Section
252 of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act 1888 cast a
positive obligation on the Municipalities to ensure basic
amenities to the people residing in the local limits of their
jurisdiction.
12. The Petitioners states that number of deaths associated
with the threats of poor sanitation is not widely appreciated The
Petitioners states that Toilet may seem an unlikely catalyst for
human progress, but evidences are overwhelming.
Of course, national security is an imperative for any country.
However, if protecting the lives of citizens is the objective, it is

difficult to think of a public investment with the potential to
safeguard more lives. Providing adequate sanitation is as
fundamental to human development and national prosperity as
economic policy, international trade, health or education.
13. The Petitioners states that whether viewed from the
perspective of human rights, social justice or economic common
sense, the damage inflicted by deprivation in sanitation is
indefensible.
Overcoming that deprivation is not just a moral imperative and
the right thing to do, it is also the sensible thing to do because
the waste of human potential associated with poor sanitation
ultimately hurts everybody. The violation of the human right to
inadequate sanitation is destroying human potential on an epic
scale.
Like hunger, deprivation in access to sanitation is a silent crisis,
experienced by the poor and tolerated by those, having the
resources, the technology and political power, to end it.
The urgency in addressing the issue cannot be overstated.
14. The Petitioners states that they have made out their case
on the following grounds:
(i) That crisis in sanitation is—above all—a crisis for the
poor.
(ii) That deprivation in sanitation perpetuates gender
inequality and disempowers women.
(iii) That unsanitary conditions create a dangerous
environment with health risks, in particularly to children.
(iv) That improved Sanitation brings advantages for public
health, livelihoods and dignity, advantages that extend
beyond households to entire communities.

(v) That there is a shortage or say requirement of 36000
toilet seats or say 10,000 Toilet Blocks in the City of
Mumbai. Household sanitation Coverage for the whole
of Maharshtra stands at - 19.51%, staggering 88,96,992
Households are without Toilets.
(vi) That Respondents are under Constitutional obligation to
provide all necessary facilities to the People which make
their existence meaningful and livable. Decency and
dignity are non negotiable facets of human rights and
are first charge on the concerned Respondents.
15. The Petitioners states that there is no other
Petition/Application pending in any other court or before
the Hon. Supreme Court.
16. The Petitioners states that the cause of action has arisen in
the State of Maharashtra, hence this Honorable Court has
Jurisdiction to hear and adjudicate the case. The Petitioners
states that this is a PIL.
17. The Petitioners has no other efficacious remedy except
filing this Petition.
18. The Petitioners rely on Documents, list whereof is annexed
hereto.
19. The Petitioners have paid the necessary Court Fee.
20. The Petitioners therefore pray to the Honorable Court:
(a) That by issuing a writ of Mandamus or any other
appropriate writ in like nature, directing the Respondent
No.1 to file an affidavit stating the latest figures as regards
sanitation
coverage in every district/city and causes thereof for deficit
and plan of action they have for expeditiously achieving
Total Sanitation in every district and or city of the State.
(b) That the Respondent no.2 be directed to direct all Municipal
Corporation of the State of Maharashtra to file an affidavit
before this Hon’ble Court stating figures relating to
sanitation coverage in their respective Jurisdiction territory,
causes for deficit, if any, and remedial measures they have
adopted to.
(c) That the Respondent no.3 & 4 be directed to file an
affidavit stating causes for this huge sanitation deficit and
plans they have to install adequate numbers of Toilet
Blocks in their respective Jurisdictional territory. The
Respondent no.3 & 4 shall also state in their affidavit as to
what policy they have as regards to the maintenance of
public Toilets.
(d) That the Respondent no.5 be directed to file an affidavit
stating what plans they have for the better upkeep and
increasing number of Toilets in their premises.
(e) Pass such other and further orders as this Hon’ble Court
may deem proper and expedient in the Public interest.
(f) For expeditious hearing of this Petition.
(g) For cost to the Petitioners.
1. JANHIT MANCH, through its President

Bhgwanji Raiyani, Petitioner No.1
2 Mr. Sandeep Jalan

Petitioner No.2
3. Mrs. Meera Kamat
Petitioner No.3
4. Dattaram Kumkar
Petitioner No.4
5. Bharat Kadam
Petitioner No.5
VERIFICATION
I, SANDEEP JALAN, Of Mumbai, Resident Indian, Member of the
Managing Committee, Janhit Manch, having Office At Kuber
Bhuvan, Bajaj Road, Vile-Parle West, Mumbai- 400 056, the
Petitioner No.2 in the abovenamed petition do hereby solemnly
declare that the contents and what is stated in Paragraph 1 to
13 are true to the best of my knowledge and what is stated in
remaining paras 14 to 20 are based on information and
belief and I believe the same to be true.
Solemnly declared at Mumbai )
Aforesaid this Day of Dec., 2007 )
Before me
JANHIT MANCH AND ORS. ....PETITIONERS

V/S
MEMO OF APPEARENCE
To,
The Registar General,
The Hon. Bombay High Court,
Mumbai- 400 032.
Sir,
Please enter the appearance of the Petitioner No. 2 &
3, Mr.Sandeep Jalan & Mrs.Meera Kamat in the above Petition in
Person.
Our Address for service is as under:
JANHIT MANCH
Kuber Bhuvan,Bajaj Road,
Vile Parle (w), Mumbai- 400 056.
2 Mr. Sandeep Jalan

Petitioner No.2
3. Mrs. Meera Kamat

Petitioner No.3
4. Dattaram Kumkar
Petitioner No.4
5. Bharat Kadam
Petitioner No.5
Dated this day of Dec, 2007

Petitioner No.2
In Person
V/S
MEMORANDUM OF REGISTERED ADDRESS
1. JANHIT MANCH )
Kuber Bhuvan,Bajaj Road, )
Vile Parle (w), Mumbai- 400 056. )
2. Mr. Sandeep Jalan )
Petitioner No.1, C/O Janhit Manch, )
Kuber Bhuvan, Bajaj Road, Vile Parle )

(West), Mumbai – 400 056 )
3. Mrs. Meera Kamat )
Petitioner No.1, Flat No.2 Ruchi C.H.S. )
Ltd, Chikoowadi Road, Shimpoli, Borivli )
(w), Mumbai- 400 092 )
4. Dattaram Kumkar )
Indira Nagar, Room No.38, V.M.Road, )
Vile Parle (West), Mumbai – 400 056. )
5. Bharat Kadam )
Saibaba Chowal, Nehru Nagar, )
V.M.Road, Vile Parle (West), )
Mumbai – 400 056. )…Petitioners
V/S
1. The State of Maharshtra, )
Dept Of Public Health, Mantralaya. ]
Mumbai – 400 032. )
2. The State of Maharashtra, ]
Urban Development Dept., Mantralaya. ]
MumbaI- 400 032. ]
3. The Municipal Corporation Of Mumbai )
Mahapalika Marg, Near C.S.T. Rly., )
Mumbai – 400 001. )
4. The Pune Municipal Corporation )
Main Building, Shivaji Nagar, ]
Pune- 5. ]
5. The Ministry Of Railways, through ]
General Manager, )
Rail Bhavan, 245, Raisina Mark )
New Delhi – 110 001. )…Respondents.
To,
The Registar General,
Bombay High Court,
Mumbai- 400 032,
Madame,
Be pleased to register our address for service as

hereunder:
JANHIT MANCH
Kuber Bhuvan,Bajaj Road,
Vile Parle (w), Mumbai- 400 056.

2 Mr. Sandeep Jalan

Petitioner No.2
3. Mrs. Meera Kamat

Petitioner No.3
4. Dattaram Kumkar
Petitioner No.4
5. Bharat Kadam
Petitioner No.5
Dated this day of Dec., 2007
Petitioner No.2
In Person.
V/S
LIST OF DOCUMENTS
1. Exhibit “A” to “ K “ to the Petition.
2. Correspondence prior to the Petition.
3. Documents referred to and relied up on in the Petition.

Dated this day of Dec. 2007.
Petitioner No.2.
IN PERSON.
V/S
CERTIFICATE
The Present Petition is filed for lack of adequate Sanitation/
Toilets in the State of Maharashtra as a whole and in the City of
Mumbai in particular. The present petition seek to highlight
consequences and benefits associated with Sanitation.
The present Petition seek to address persistent failure of the
State and its instrumentalities in addressing this vital issue.

Therefore this Writ Petition is filed for which this Court has
Jurisdiction and therefore be placed before the concerned bench
as per High Court Rule 636(1)(b).
Dated this day of Dec. 2007

Petitioner No.2
In Person.
V/S
PETITIONERS’ AFFIDAVIT
I, SUNDEEP JALAN, the Petitioner No.2 abovenamed, do
hereby beg to state on solemn affirmation as under:
1. The petitioners have filed the present petition inter-alia for
various reliefs as more particularly set out in the petition. I
repeat, reiterate and adopt the statements made in the petition
as if the same are incorporated herein and form part of the
present affidavit. I crave leave to refer to and rely upon the

papers and proceedings in the petition when produced. I state
that there is urgency in the matter.
2. In the said circumstances, I say and submit that the
petitioners are entitled for the reliefs as prayed for and if the
same are not granted, irreparable loss and harm would be
caused to the petitioners and its community. I say and submit
that this petition be made absolute with cost.
Solemnly affirmed at Bombay, )
This day of Dec. 2007 )
Before me.
PETITIONER NO.2
IN PERSON .
PIL
Under Article 226 of Constitution of India.
IN ITS CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
PIL NO. OF 2007
JANHIT MANCH & ORS. …
PETITIONERS
V/S.
THE STATE OF MAHARSHTRA
& ANOTHER. …
RESPONDENTS
PIL WRIT P E T I T I O N
DATE THIS DAY OF DEC., 2007.
JANHIT MANCH
Kuber Bhuvan, Bajaj Road,
Vile Parle (West), Mumbai – 400
056.
IN PERSON

JANHIT MANCH AND ORS.
....PETITIONERS
V/S
THE STATE OF MAHARSHTRA
AND OTHERS …
RESPONDENTS
EXHIBIT ‘B’
DNA: 20th Nov.2007

BMC ropes in private parties for public toilets
Tuesday, November 20, 2007 03:51 IST
Sandeep Ashar
The BMC has served ad revenue as bait for private parties and
community-based organisations (CBO) to construct 'pay and use'
public toilets in the city.

The civic body faces a shortage of 36,000 toilet seats (10,000
toilet blocks) for the use of the ever growing floating population
in the city.
A proposal, to be tabled before the Improvements Committee on
November 21, allows private parties (NGO/ CBO/ private
institution) to build, set up and maintain international standard
public conveniences, where advertisements could be displayed.
The private party could run away with 50 per cent of the revenue
collected from the advertisements while the remaining share will
be collected by BMC.
The idea stems from the successful implementation of the Pay
and Use toilets constructed by Fumes International few months
back. The agency built around 10 toilets, but, was allowed to
collect the entire ad revenue.
The toilet block, to be operated by the institution for 10 years at
least, will have modern features, including granite flooring at the
façade, entrance and flooring and ceramic flooring in the toilet
unit.
The block will have to be provided with hand-dryers, quality
washbasins, automatic flushing devices, tissue and water taps.
Institutions will have to be keep 10 feet of the area around the
block green. Visitors will have to pay Rs2 for toilet use and Rs3
for bathing, while urinal facilities will be offered free.
BMC, which presently has around 1,300 toilets run by NGOs, has
received several complaints for poor maintenance.

For institutions not interested in exploiting ad-revenue, BMC will
allow construction of normal toilets without value adding
features. However, bathing and toilet facilities will be a rupee
cheaper.
EXHIBIT ‘C’
DNA
India stinks, but China is the worst
Rajesh Sinha
Tuesday, November 20, 2007 11:12 IST
Only 47% of the population has sanitation facilities
NEW DELHI: With less than half its population covered by
sanitation facilities, India is the second worst in the world in this

regard, next only to China, according to WaterAid India, an
international organisation working on water, sanitation and
hygiene.
According to a Unicef report, only 30% of the Indian population
had access to proper sanitation though recent government
figures say it's increased to nearly 47%.
Despite significant investments over the last 20 years, India still
faces the most daunting sanitation challenge among countries in
South Asia. It lags behind other South Asian countries like
Bangladesh (4th ) and Pakistan (7th), said Depinder S Kapur of
WaterAid India.
The booming population of towns coupled with poor drainage
facilities make urban sanitation India's biggest challenge today.
WaterAid says sanitation plays a vital role in reducing poverty.
There is compelling evidence to show that sanitation brings the
single greatest return on investment as compared to any
development intervention (up to $9 for every $1 spent), it said.
The costs of not investing enough in sanitation are huge. In India,
15 lakh children lose their lives to diarrhoea every year; over 3
crore people are affected by waterborne diseases every year
leading to a loss of more than 7 crore working days annually. In
the developing world, infant deaths, lost work days, and missed
school are estimated to have an economic cost of around $38
billion year, with sanitation accounting for 92% of this value.

EXHIBIT ‘D’
TIMES OF INDIA :
MMRDA to fund 80,000 public toilets : Oct 29,2007
MMRDA to fund 80,000 public toilets Mumbai: In a boost for
public health, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development
Authority (MMRDA) will construct 80,000 toilets at a cost of Rs

200 crore, next year. Approximately, half of these toilet seats will
be located in Mumbai and the rest in the adjoining townships of
Thane, Kalyan and Bhiwandi in the metropolitan region.
“Surveys for these toilets will be conducted soon and the
construction will begin in January-end. The project should be
completed within a year,’’ said MMRDA commissioner Ratnakar
Gaikwad.
It is estimated that some areas in the city have only one toilet
block of 12 seats for a population of over 10,000. This equation
results in the poor being forced to defecate on the roads, giving
rise to a public health hazard. Viral diseases such as polio spread
more easily in overpopulated slums that have poor sanitation.
EXHIBIT ‘E’
Indian Express
MMRDA pushes for sanitation in hinterland
Kavitha Iyer
Posted online: Tuesday , September 25, 2007
Mumbai, September 24 With 40 per cent of the population of

the Mumbai Metropolitan Region-Navi Mumbai, Vasai, Virar,
Ulhasnagar, Kalyan Dombivli, etc-living in slums, the Mumbai
Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) is
proposing a first-ever attempt to centrally plan and administer a
sanitation programme for this vast outback area that’s regarded
as the only hope for decongesting the financial capital.
As a first step of the ‘Nirmal MMR’ programme, the MMRDA has
appointed NGO SPARC (Society for Promotion of Area Resource
Centres) to assess the requireme-nt. Within a month, SPARC will
submit estimates on how many toilet blocks are needed in
Mumbai’s slums, followed by another report a few months later.
Around 80,000 toilet seats will be required, initial estimates
suggest.
“For the smaller urban local bodies in the region who bare all in a
precarious financial position, we are proposing to give grants for
construction of toilet blocks,” said Metropolitan Commissioner
Ratnakar Gaikwad. When the governing authority of the MMRDA-
its highest policy-making body-meets later this week, they will
consider his proposal to offer Rs 200 crore in grants for
construction of toilet blocks. Hoping to replicate the
tremendously successful sanitation model executed in Pune
when he was municipal commissioner, Gaikwad’s plan is to
provide capital for construction and then rope in community
organisations to enforce proper maintenance.
For the cash-rich Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation, the
MMRDA is seeking a hike in budget allocation for slum sanitation.
While Mumbai’s deficit of 35,000 toilet seats would cost about Rs
300 crore to construct, the MMRDA has instead offered free

rehabilitation tenements for slumdwellers displaced by the new
toilet blocks.
Gaikwad says three models will be considered—permanent
blocks that can be constructed in four to six months, quasi-
permanent structures that can be built in 15-30 days and mobile
toilets that can be attached to sludge-trucks. “We are suggesting
a large number of mobile toilets for the MMR and for areas where
slum redevelopment schemes are possible or likely,” he said.
EXHIBIT: ‘F’
TIMES OF INDIA
352 urinals for 30 lakh people in Pune

11 Dec 2007, 0442 hrs IST , Radheshyam Jadhav , TNN
PUNE: With all eyes focused on multicrore projects including sky
bus, metro, monorails and high rise buildings, the city continues
to lack in basic amenities like public urinals and toilets.

The city, which has crossed the 30-lakh population mark, has
only 352 public urinals, which means one public urinal per 9,000
people. This shocking fact has been admitted by the Pune
Municipal Corporation (PMC) in an official reply under the Right
To Information Act to activist VijayKumbhar.
This is grossly inadequate as compared to the PMC's own public
health norms which categorically state that one urinal should be
available per 100 people. The main victims of the civic body's
apathy are women and the disabled, who are completely
deprived of the essential facility.
City-based Surajya Sangharsh Samiti (SSS) plans to serve a
notice to the PMC for failing to perform its obligatory duty of
providing minimum basic amenity to citizens. It has warned to
file a public interest litigation (PIL) in the Bombay high court in
this regard.
Same is the case with pay-and-use public toilets. The civic body
has constructed about 772 such toilets with 11,319 seats —
5,731 for men and 5,588 for women. However, a majority of
these toilet blocks have been encroached upon and many have
turned into gambling dens. "These urinals and toilets are stinking
without regular cleaning. On the one hand, the PMC preaches
public cleanliness and, on the other, it is neglecting the very
basic amenity," Kumbhar told TOI on Monday.
EXHIBIT ‘G’
Mumbai Mirror : 06th Nov. 2007

Why are ladies loos at stations closed?
Rly officials blame the NGOs responsible for running the toilets
on platforms or say they are under renovation. Meanwhile,
commuters trudge to the closest Sulabh

POSTED ON TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 06, 2007
Six suburban stations on Central Railway and three from
Western Railway have locked their ladies’ toilets. Female
commuters say the rest-rooms are often locked, and that they
have to depend on BMC loos to answer nature’s call.
Following repeated complaints, we decided to investigate the
matter.
On Monday, we found that the loos at Kopar, Nahur,
Kanjurmarg, Vikhroli, Matunga and Chinchpokli stations on the
Central route between Dombivli and CST were locked.
On Western Route, toilets at Matunga, Mahim Junction and
Lower Parel were locked too.
Most of these stations are single-platform stations that
experience a decent rush during peak hours. All of them have
well-operational gents’ loos.
“We don’t understand why they have toilets, if they lock them,”
says Sunita Vasani, who gets down at Kanjur Marg to go to her
office in Powai, “As it is, we turn to platform toilets only in case
of emergency as they are filthy. But keeping them locked is a
big joke.”
Vijaya Shah, who studies in college in Matunga, says, “If the
platform toilet is locked, the next toilet is available 15 minutes
away, in our college. It gets very inconvenient during the rainy
season.”
Interestingly, while gents’ urinals are free, women have to pay
Re 1 to use the toilet.

At the above platforms, there were no attendants to collect the
money.
A railway official says the toilets are given over to co-operative
societies and NGOs to run. They are supposed to provide water
and keep the toilets clean. “They cannot afford to employ a
person full-time,” says the official, “as revenue is very less.”
Varsha Kale, a member of the Womanist Party of India says,
“We had written to railway officials saying women should be
provided with cloakrooms instead of toilets, but now we will be
glad if they at least open and operate the existing toilets. We
have shot videos to document the bad condition of the toilets
and will send them to the railway minister soon.”
Satyprakash Shriwastava, DRM of Western Railway, says, “Most
of these toilets are isolated and are not in a condition to be
used. They are under repairs and will be renovated with the help
of private parties soon. Meanwhile, passengers can use the
Sulabh toilets available outside all stations.”
EXHIBIT ‘H’
RANDOM SURVEY AT RAILWAY STATIONS [ western and
central railway- suburban]
Central Railway
Dadar:
• Platform No. 6- No Toilet or Urinal either for Ladies
or Gents.
• Platform No.5- No Ladies Toilet,
• Platform No.3 & 4- Ladies and Gents Toilet exist.
C.S.T. [ V.T.]
• Apparently there are sufficient Toilet and Urinals
for both Ladies and Gents.
Masjid Bunder
• No Toilet or Urinals for both Ladies and Gents on
all 4 Platforms.
Sandhurst Road
• No Toilet or Urinals for both Ladies and Gents.
Byculla
• Has Toilet and Urinal for Ladies and Gents on only
platform no.1.
Chinchpokli
Curry Road
• Only Urinal for Gents exist.
Parel
Kings Circle- Harbour Line
• Toilet and Urinals both for Ladies and Gents exist
on Platform No.1 only and nothing on Platform 2.

WESTERN RAILWAY
Vile Parle
• Platform No.1, 2, 5, & 6 Urinals Only. Both for
Ladies and Gents.
Santacruz
• Toilets found in good condition.
Khar
• Platform No. 2 & 3 Urinal only. Toilets Locked.
• Platform No.5 & 6 – Urinals only.
Bandra
• Platform No. 1 – Toilets and Urinals in good
condition.
• No Toilets or Urinals on Platform No. 2, 3, 4, & 5.
Mahim
• Platform No.1- Toilets found in good condition.
• Platform No.2 & 3 only Urinals.
Matunga
• Only Urinals.
Dadar
• Platform No.1, 2, & 3 - Only Urinals.
Elphinstone
• Urinals found in good condition.
Lower Parel
• Platform No.1, 2, & 3 - Toilet & Urinals exist.
Mahalaxmi
• Toilet and Urinals exist.
Mumbai Central
• Platform No.1, 2, 3, & 4- Only Urinals.
Grant Road
• Platform No.1- Toilet and Urinals exist.
• Platform No.2 & 3 No Toilets or Urinals.
• Platform No.4- Locked.
Charni Road
• Platform No.1- Toilets found in good condition.
• Platform No.2, 3, & 4- No Toilets or Urinals.
Marine Lines
• Platform No.1- Good Condition.
• Platform No.2, 3, & 4- No Toilets or Urinals.
Churchgate
• Toilets and Urinals- Adequate and in good
condition.
Andheri
• Platform No.1- Both Toilet and Urinals exist for
Ladies and Gents.
• Platform No.2- Only Urinals for Gents.
• Platform No.3 & 4- No Urinals or Toilets.

Jogeshwari
• Toilets closed.
Goregaon
• Only Urinals for Gents. No Toilets for Gents. No
Toilet or Urinals for Ladies.
Malad
• Platform No.1- Toilet/ Urinals for Ladies and Gents
exist.
• Platform No.2- Only Gents Urinals.
Kandivli
• Platform No.1- Toilet/ Urinals for Ladies and Gents.
• Platform No.2- Only Gents Toilet. No Ladies Toilets.
Borivli
• Platform No.1- Urinals for Gents only. No Ladies
Toilets/ Urinals.
• Platforms 2, 3, 4, & 5 Toilet/ Urinals for Ladies and
gents exist.
Dahisar
• Urinal only on Platform No.1 only.
EXHIBIT ‘I’
What's the top medical milestone in 150 years?
Sanitation beats discovery of DNA, anesthesia in
worldwide survey
REUTERS: updated 12:52 p.m. ET Jan. 18, 2007
LONDON - Sanitation was voted the most important medical
milestone in the past century and a half on Thursday in a poll
conducted by a leading medical journal.
Improved sewage disposal and clean water supply systems,
which have reduced diseases such as cholera, was the
overwhelming favorite of 11,341 people worldwide who voted in
the survey conducted by the British Medical Journal.
It surpassed antibiotics, the discovery of DNA, and anesthesia,
which were among the top five milestones in the poll.
Participants were asked what they thought was the biggest
medical advance since the journal was established in 1840.
“I’m delighted that sanitation is recognized by so many people
as such an important milestone,” said Professor Johan
Mackenbach, of Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam
who championed the sanitation choice.
“The general lesson which still holds is that passive protection
against health hazards is often the best way to improve
population health,” he added.
“Clearly, sanitation still plays a vital role in improving public
health now and in the future,” he said.

Other important milestones recommended for the top prize
included the development of imaging techniques, the
contraceptive pill, immunology and computers.
London was one of first cities of modern times to seriously tackle
the problem of poor sanitation after a British doctor, John Snow,
discovered in 1854 that cholera was water-borne and not air-
borne as had previously being thought.
Copyright 2007 Reuters.
EXHIBIT ‘J’
DISTRICT-WISE STATUS OF SCHOOLS

CATEGORY: Government LEVEL: Upper Primary TYPE: Girls
STATE: Maharashtra Report Generated On: 20/11/2007

With Without
With Without
No. of No. of With Without % Drinking Drinking % %
Sno DISTRICT Handwash Handwash
Schools Students Toilets Toilets Coverage Water Water Coverage Coverage
Facilities Facilities
Supply Supply
1 AKOLA 1 0 0 1 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AMRAVATI 1 0 0 1 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 AURANGABAD 29 0 6 23 20.69 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
4 BEED 10 0 0 10 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
5 BULDHANA 5 0 4 1 80.00 3 2 60.00 0 5 0.00
6 CHANDRAPUR 8 0 5 3 62.50 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
7 GONDIA 8 0 8 0 100.00 0 8 0.00 0 8 0.00
8 JALNA 3 0 3 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
9 NAGPUR 2 0 2 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
10 NANDED 5 0 5 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
11 OSMANABAD 2 0 2 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
12 PARBHANI 14 0 12 2 85.71 10 4 71.43 10 4 71.43
13 PUNE 78 0 40 38 51.28 72 6 92.31 72 6 92.31
14 RATNAGIRI 9 0 9 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
15 SOLAPUR 25 0 14 11 56.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
16 YAVATMAL 6 0 0 6 0.00 0 6 0.00 0 6 0.00
TOTAL 206 0 110 96 53.40 85 26 76.58 82 29 73.87
Baseline Survey Data

Source - PIP (Oct. 2003 Onwards)

CATEGORY: Government LEVEL: Primary TYPE: Girls

With Without
With Without
Supply Supply
1 AHMEDNAGAR 237 0 101 136 42.62 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AKOLA 11 0 9 2 81.82 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 AMRAVATI 57 0 20 37 35.09 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
4 AURANGABAD 850 0 98 752 11.53 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
5 BEED 8 0 0 8 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
6 BULDHANA 31 0 7 24 22.58 9 22 29.03 0 31 0.00
7 CHANDRAPUR 504 0 105 399 20.83 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
8 DHULE 30 0 23 7 76.67 0 30 0.00 0 30 0.00
9 GONDIA 4 0 4 0 100.00 0 4 0.00 0 4 0.00
10 JALGAON 114 0 60 54 52.63 55 59 48.25 29 85 25.44
11 JALNA 7 0 0 7 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
12 NANDURBAR 14 0 4 10 28.57 7 7 50.00 7 7 50.00
13 OSMANABAD 24 0 14 10 58.33 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
14 PARBHANI 3 0 3 0 100.00 2 1 66.67 2 1 66.67
15 PUNE 79 0 70 9 88.61 75 4 94.94 75 4 94.94
16 RAIGAD 13 0 12 1 92.31 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
17 SANGLI 59 0 20 39 33.90 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
18 SATARA 26 0 10 16 38.46 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
19 SINDHUDURG 1 0 1 0 100.00 1 0 100.00 0 0 0.00
20 SOLAPUR 23 0 18 5 78.26 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
21 YAVATMAL 19 0 0 19 0.00 0 19 0.00 0 19 0.00
TOTAL 2114 0 579 1535 27.39 149 146 50.51 113 181 38.44

CATEGORY: Government LEVEL: High & Higher
Secondary TYPE: Girls

With Without
With Without
Supply Supply
1 AMRAVATI 1 0 0 1 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AURANGABAD 5 0 2 3 40.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 JALNA 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
4 PARBHANI 1 0 1 0 100.00 1 0 100.00 1 0 100.00
TOTAL 7 0 3 4 42.86 1 0 100.00 1 0 100.00


CATEGORY: Government LEVEL: Primary TYPE: Co-ed

With Without
With Without
Supply Supply
1 AHMEDNAGAR 2126 0 622 1504 29.26 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AKOLA 860 0 198 662 23.02 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 AMRAVATI 1492 0 470 1022 31.50 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
4 AURANGABAD 1204 0 452 752 37.54 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
5 BEED 1840 0 95 1745 5.16 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
6 BULDHANA 1286 0 447 839 34.76 94 1192 7.31 0 1286 0.00
7 CHANDRAPUR 246 0 141 105 57.32 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
8 DHULE 898 0 340 558 37.86 0 898 0.00 0 898 0.00
9 GONDIA 536 0 144 392 26.87 0 536 0.00 0 536 0.00
10 JALGAON 1450 0 301 1149 20.76 548 902 37.79 262 1188 18.07
11 JALNA 1169 0 464 705 39.69 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
12 KOLHAPUR 2065 0 970 1095 46.97 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
13 NAGPUR 1909 0 729 1180 38.19 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
14 NANDED 1898 0 471 1427 24.82 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
15 NANDURBAR 1132 0 568 564 50.18 527 605 46.55 527 605 46.55
16 OSMANABAD 867 0 66 801 7.61 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
17 PARBHANI 452 0 78 374 17.26 162 290 35.84 162 290 35.84
18 PUNE 2397 0 244 2153 10.18 1469 928 61.28 1469 928 61.28
19 RAIGAD 2514 0 1456 1058 57.92 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
20 RATNAGIRI 1589 0 993 596 62.49 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
21 SANGLI 1362 0 867 495 63.66 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
22 SATARA 2405 0 484 1921 20.12 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
23 SINDHUDURG 1468 0 806 662 54.90 1022 446 69.62 0 1468 0.00
24 SOLAPUR 1541 0 321 1220 20.83 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
25 THANE 3196 0 718 2478 22.47 1533 1663 47.97 740 2456 23.15
26 YAVATMAL 1079 0 621 458 57.55 544 535 50.42 0 1079 0.00
TOTAL 38981 0 13066 25915 33.52 5899 7995 42.46 3160 10734 22.74
Ministry of Rural Development, NIC-Dept. of Drinking Water Supply


CATEGORY: Government LEVEL: Upper Primary TYPE: Co-ed

With Without
With Without
Supply Supply
1 AKOLA 9 0 0 9 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AMRAVATI 10 0 0 10 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 AURANGABAD 28 0 5 23 17.86 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
4 BEED 46 0 10 36 21.74 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
5 BULDHANA 49 0 36 13 73.47 37 12 75.51 0 49 0.00
6 CHANDRAPUR 5 0 2 3 40.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
7 DHULE 23 0 0 23 0.00 0 23 0.00 0 23 0.00
8 GONDIA 350 0 261 89 74.57 0 350 0.00 0 350 0.00
9 JALGAON 6 0 6 0 100.00 3 3 50.00 1 5 16.67
10 JALNA 679 0 385 294 56.70 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
11 KOLHAPUR 2 0 2 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
12 NANDED 82 0 33 49 40.24 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
13 OSMANABAD 36 0 33 3 91.67 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
14 PARBHANI 482 0 290 192 60.17 391 91 81.12 391 91 81.12
15 PUNE 78 0 43 35 55.13 74 4 94.87 74 4 94.87
16 RATNAGIRI 1057 0 603 454 57.05 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
17 SOLAPUR 720 0 485 235 67.36 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
18 THANE 77 0 51 26 66.23 63 14 81.82 23 54 29.87
19 YAVATMAL 711 0 76 635 10.69 0 711 0.00 0 711 0.00
TOTAL 4450 0 2321 2129 52.16 568 1208 31.98 489 1287 27.53


Secondary TYPE: Co-ed

With Without
With Without
Supply Supply
1 AMRAVATI 9 0 0 9 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AURANGABAD 3 0 0 3 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 BULDHANA 37 0 15 22 40.54 37 0 100.00 0 37 0.00
4 GONDIA 22 0 18 4 81.82 0 22 0.00 0 22 0.00
5 JALGAON 4 0 4 0 100.00 4 0 100.00 3 1 75.00
6 JALNA 2 0 2 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
7 NANDED 6 0 6 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
8 OSMANABAD 1 0 1 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
9 PARBHANI 38 0 38 0 100.00 38 0 100.00 38 0 100.00
10 PUNE 18 0 18 0 100.00 18 0 100.00 18 0 100.00
11 THANE 58 0 43 15 74.14 50 8 86.21 24 34 41.38
12 YAVATMAL 27 0 27 0 100.00 0 27 0.00 0 27 0.00
TOTAL 225 0 172 53 76.44 147 57 72.06 83 121 40.69


CATEGORY: Government LEVEL: Primary TYPE: Boys

With Without
With Without
Supply Supply
1 AHMEDNAGAR 530 0 88 442 16.60 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AKOLA 15 0 12 3 80.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 AMRAVATI 2 0 0 2 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
4 AURANGABAD 882 0 130 752 14.74 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
5 BULDHANA 24 0 6 18 25.00 5 19 20.83 0 24 0.00
6 CHANDRAPUR 738 0 410 328 55.56 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
7 DHULE 30 0 23 7 76.67 0 30 0.00 0 30 0.00
8 GONDIA 2 0 2 0 100.00 0 2 0.00 0 2 0.00
9 JALGAON 113 0 67 46 59.29 64 49 56.64 37 76 32.74
10 JALNA 1 0 1 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
11 NANDURBAR 15 0 5 10 33.33 7 8 46.67 7 8 46.67
12 OSMANABAD 15 0 10 5 66.67 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
13 PUNE 639 0 64 575 10.02 465 174 72.77 465 174 72.77
14 RAIGAD 13 0 13 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
15 SANGLI 94 0 49 45 52.13 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
16 SATARA 26 0 6 20 23.08 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
17 SOLAPUR 14 0 7 7 50.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
18 YAVATMAL 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
TOTAL 3153 0 893 2260 28.32 541 282 65.74 509 314 61.85


CATEGORY: Government LEVEL: Upper Primary TYPE: Boys

With Without
With Without
Supply Supply
1 AKOLA 1 0 0 1 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AMRAVATI 14 0 0 14 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 AURANGABAD 44 0 21 23 47.73 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
4 BULDHANA 4 0 0 4 0.00 4 0 100.00 0 4 0.00
5 CHANDRAPUR 5 0 3 2 60.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
6 GONDIA 8 0 8 0 100.00 0 8 0.00 0 8 0.00
7 JALNA 1 0 1 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
8 NAGPUR 13 0 13 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
9 PUNE 60 0 14 46 23.33 54 6 90.00 54 6 90.00
10 RATNAGIRI 1 0 1 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
11 SOLAPUR 25 0 4 21 16.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
12 YAVATMAL 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
TOTAL 176 0 65 111 36.93 58 14 80.56 54 18 75.00


Secondary TYPE: Boys

With Without
With Without
Supply Supply
1 AMRAVATI 1 0 0 1 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2 AURANGABAD 5 0 2 3 40.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
3 CHANDRAPUR 3 0 3 0 100.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
4 JALNA 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
5 PARBHANI 1 0 1 0 100.00 1 0 100.00 1 0 100.00
TOTAL 10 0 6 4 60.00 1 0 100.00 1 0 100.00

District-Wise Status of Anganwadi Sanitation Coverage
STATE: Maharashtra Report Generated On: 20 /11 /2007

Category
Sno. District Name Year

Government Private Both
With Without %age With Without %age With Without %age
Total Total Total
Toilets Toilets Coverage Toilets Toilets Coverage Toilets Toilets Coverage
1 AHMEDNAGAR 01/2003 245 2621 2866 8.55 0 0 0 0.00 245 2621 2866 8.55
2 AKOLA 11/2003 0 878 878 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 878 878 0.00
3 AMRAVATI 03/2001 0 1801 1801 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 1801 1801 0.00
4 AURANGABAD 12/2001 8 1445 1453 0.55 0 112 112 0.00 8 1557 1565 0.51
5 BEED 11/2003 0 1614 1614 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 1614 1614 0.00
6 BHANDARA 09/2005 47 949 996 4.72 0 0 0 0.00 47 949 996 4.72
7 BULDHANA 03/2004 39 817 856 4.56 27 298 325 8.31 66 1115 1181 5.59
8 CHANDRAPUR 02/2004 0 2007 2007 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 2007 2007 0.00
9 DHULE 11/2003 0 562 562 0.00 0 180 180 0.00 0 742 742 0.00
10 GADCHIROLI 05/2005 101 1321 1422 7.10 0 0 0 0.00 101 1321 1422 7.10
11 GONDIA 04/2005 11 907 918 1.20 0 172 172 0.00 11 1079 1090 1.01
12 HINGOLI 10/2004 0 862 862 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 862 862 0.00
13 JALGAON 12/2003 0 2444 2444 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 2444 2444 0.00
14 JALNA 08/2003 0 171 171 0.00 0 934 934 0.00 0 1105 1105 0.00
15 KOLHAPUR 08/2003 1064 1163 2227 47.78 0 0 0 0.00 1064 1163 2227 47.78
16 LATUR 12/2004 681 785 1466 46.45 0 0 0 0.00 681 785 1466 46.45
17 NAGPUR 11/2003 30 640 670 4.48 0 0 0 0.00 30 640 670 4.48
18 NANDED 02/2001 13 2397 2410 0.54 0 14 14 0.00 13 2411 2424 0.54
19 NANDURBAR 06/2004 233 792 1025 22.73 0 0 0 0.00 233 792 1025 22.73
20 NASHIK 01/2005 109 2357 2466 4.42 0 0 0 0.00 109 2357 2466 4.42
21 OSMANABAD 03/2004 536 752 1288 41.61 0 0 0 0.00 536 752 1288 41.61
22 PARBHANI 05/2005 241 863 1104 21.83 0 0 0 0.00 241 863 1104 21.83
23 PUNE 11/2003 607 2015 2622 23.15 0 165 165 0.00 607 2180 2787 21.78
24 RAIGAD 02/2000 0 1687 1687 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 1687 1687 0.00

25 RATNAGIRI 01/2004 656 388 1044 62.84 14 559 573 2.44 670 947 1617 41.43
26 SANGLI 04/2002 223 1675 1898 11.75 0 0 0 0.00 223 1675 1898 11.75
27 SATARA 09/2003 175 1967 2142 8.17 0 0 0 0.00 175 1967 2142 8.17
28 SINDHUDURG 11/2004 372 532 904 41.15 0 0 0 0.00 372 532 904 41.15
29 SOLAPUR 02/2004 199 2082 2281 8.72 2 22 24 8.33 201 2104 2305 8.72
30 THANE 06/2005 758 2211 2969 25.53 0 0 0 0.00 758 2211 2969 25.53
31 WARDHA 03/2005 3 852 855 0.35 0 0 0 0.00 3 852 855 0.35
32 WASHIM 05/2004 1 792 793 0.13 0 0 0 0.00 1 792 793 0.13
33 YAVATMAL 01/2004 344 1724 2068 16.63 0 0 0 0.00 344 1724 2068 16.63
Total 6696 44073 50769 13.19 43 2456 2499 1.72 6739 46529 53268 12.65

District-Wise Status of Household Sanitation Coverage

Category
No.
District No. of No. of
Sno. Year of Households Above Poverty Line Households Below Poverty Line
Name Panchayat village Total Households (APL+BPL)
Block (APL) (BPL)
With Without %age With Without %age With Without %age
Total Total Total
Toilets Toilets Coverage Toilets Toilets Coverage Toilets Toilets Coverage
1 AHMEDNAGAR 01/2003 14 1309 1576 57609 394214 451823 12.75 19889 134247 154136 12.90 77498 528461 605959 12.79
2 AKOLA 11/2003 7 541 878 23547 106045 129592 18.17 11692 81443 93135 12.55 35239 187488 222727 15.82
3 AMRAVATI 03/2001 14 842 1996 42832 133894 176726 24.24 8760 176172 184932 4.74 51592 310066 361658 14.27
4 AURANGABAD 12/2001 9 852 1407 28474 191820 220294 12.93 19207 107990 127197 15.10 47681 299810 347491 13.72
5 BEED 11/2003 11 1018 1354 20792 385000 405792 5.12 10513 90500 101013 10.41 31305 475500 506805 6.18
6 BHANDARA 09/2005 7 541 878 2245 62873 65118 3.45 1481 74956 76437 1.94 3726 137829 141555 2.63
7 BULDHANA 03/2004 13 866 1299 33042 208512 241554 13.68 19425 117275 136700 14.21 52467 325787 378254 13.87
8 CHANDRAPUR 02/2004 14 846 1791 20203 86131 106334 19.00 37954 110743 148697 25.52 58157 196874 255031 22.80
9 DHULE 11/2003 4 551 966 14992 77574 92566 16.20 23979 96552 120531 19.89 38971 174126 213097 18.29
10 GADCHIROLI 05/2005 12 467 467 29322 53256 82578 35.51 13327 75757 89084 14.96 42649 129013 171662 24.84
11 GONDIA 04/2005 8 556 889 65286 16322 81608 80.00 65710 16427 82137 80.00 130996 32749 163745 80.00
12 HINGOLI 10/2004 5 565 707 18697 127946 146643 12.75 5215 52157 57372 9.09 23912 180103 204015 11.72
13 JALGAON 12/2003 15 1152 1500 57915 279787 337702 17.15 39890 189260 229150 17.41 97805 469047 566852 17.25
14 JALNA 08/2003 8 785 970 13211 165098 178309 7.41 6854 62943 69797 9.82 20065 228041 248106 8.09
15 KOLHAPUR 08/2003 12 1029 183 22703 54271 76974 29.49 139979 272250 412229 33.96 162682 326521 489203 33.25
16 LATUR 12/2004 10 782 945 28485 183513 211998 13.44 10952 74260 85212 12.85 39437 257773 297210 13.27
17 NAGPUR 11/2003 13 778 1878 57760 171629 229389 25.18 23679 92307 115986 20.42 81439 263936 345375 23.58
18 NANDED 02/2001 16 1313 1575 18425 189813 208238 8.85 17052 96720 113772 14.99 35477 286533 322010 11.02
19 NANDURBAR 06/2004 6 501 933 3431 79135 82566 4.16 39446 134118 173564 22.73 42877 213253 256130 16.74
20 NASHIK 01/2005 15 1389 1921 53660 286385 340045 15.78 33587 151355 184942 18.16 87247 437740 524987 16.62
21 OSMANABAD 03/2004 8 623 737 29503 144344 173847 16.97 21485 55438 76923 27.93 50988 199782 250770 20.33
22 PARBHANI 05/2005 9 704 837 29457 135614 165071 17.85 12226 45151 57377 21.31 41683 180765 222448 18.74
23 PUNE 11/2003 13 1401 1878 126708 305917 432625 29.29 24830 81741 106571 23.30 151538 387658 539196 28.10
24 RAIGAD 02/2000 15 818 1908 81020 110577 191597 42.29 23822 89022 112844 21.11 104842 199599 304441 34.44
25 RATNAGIRI 01/2004 9 848 8487 76115 145984 222099 34.27 29873 79989 109862 27.19 105988 225973 331961 31.93
26 SANGLI 04/2002 9 705 741 80542 191072 271614 29.65 17997 33389 51386 35.02 98539 224461 323000 30.51
27 SATARA 09/2003 11 1488 1745 100421 316850 417271 24.07 14642 60185 74827 19.57 115063 377035 492098 23.38
28 SINDHUDURG 11/2004 8 433 744 44685 72398 117083 38.17 18693 44935 63628 29.38 63378 117333 180711 35.07
29 SOLAPUR 02/2004 11 1028 1137 30054 334823 364877 8.24 9441 124888 134329 7.03 39495 459711 499206 7.91
30 THANE 06/2005 13 968 1617 60195 176197 236392 25.46 3693 205831 209524 1.76 63888 382028 445916 14.33
31 WARDHA 03/2005 8 517 970 42766 71281 114047 37.50 24623 61119 85742 28.72 67389 132400 199789 33.73
32 WASHIM 05/2004 6 493 699 10079 80171 90250 11.17 6308 75388 81696 7.72 16387 155559 171946 9.53
33 YAVATMAL 01/2004 16 1205 1855 39794 206239 246033 16.17 36243 187799 224042 16.18 76037 394038 470075 16.18
Total 349 27914 47468 1363970 5544685 6908655 19.74 792467 3352307 4144774 19.12 2156437 8896992 11053429 19.51
STATE: Maharashtra Report Generated On: 20 /11 /2007

EXHIBIT ‘K’
InfoChange News & Features,

March 2004
One fly is deadlier than one hundred tigers’
In a new report, the Water Supply and Sanitation
Collaborative Council records the experiences of
community workers from Africa, Asia, and Latin America
on the all-important issues of safe water, sanitation and
hygiene
According to a new report released by the Geneva-
based Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative
Council (WSSCC), the main problem in ensuring safe
water, sanitation and hygiene to all is not lack of
resources but a reluctance to learn from past failures
and listen to those who have pioneered new
approaches.
Lack of water and sanitation is the world's number one
health problem. This year, 2.2 million children will die
as a result of waterborne diseases, says the WSSCC.
In India, an estimated 591,500 children die from poor
hygiene every year -- the highest in the world. In
Bangladesh, an estimated 21,000 children die annually

due to poor hygiene; in Pakistan the number is
135,000.
As many as 769.4 million people in India do not have
access to proper sanitation, and for 171 million people
improved water supply is a distant dream.
The total amount of excreta not being disposed off
safely, in India, is as high as 72%, next only to
Afghanistan, the Congo, Ethiopia, Niger and Rwanda.
This would fill up 14,70,308 oil barrels every day!
The large percentage of unsafe disposal is reflected in
the health impact figures for India. The percentage of
children suffering abnormal growth is 47% in India,
compared to South Africa's 11%.
Maharashtra, the first Indian state to pilot the approach
of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) , has gone a
step further with signs that read: ‘Daughters from our
village are not married into villages where open
defecation is practised.'

V/S

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

IN THE CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

PIL WRIT PETITION NO. OF 2007

JANHIT MANCH AND ORS. .... PETITIONERS

THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA

AND OTHERS ….RESPONDENTS

Sr.NO. DATE PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

3. POINTS, AUTHORITIES & ACTS

7. MEMORANDUM OF REGISTERED ADDRESS

9. 1-2-2006 EXHIBIT ‘A’

Hindustan Times report.

10. 20-11-2007 EXHIBIT ‘B’

11. 13-11-2007 EXHIBIT ‘C’

and 20-11-2007 DNA report.

12. 29-10-2007 EXHIBIT ‘D’

Times of India report.

13. 25-9-2007 EXHIBIT ‘E’

14. 11-12-2007 EXHIBIT ‘F’

Times of India report.

15. 6-11-2007 EXHIBIT ‘G’

Mumbai Mirror report.

16. EXHIBIT ‘H’

Survey report by the Petitioners

17. 18-1-2007 EXHIBIT ‘I’

18. EXHIBIT ‘J’

19. March, 2004 EXHIBIT ‘K’

20. AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT.

CIVIL ORIGINAL SIDE

PIL. WRIT PETITION NO. OF 2007

Vile Parle (West),

Mumbai – 400 056.

THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA

& ANOTHER Respondent (s)

Office Notes, Office Memorunda of

Corom. Appendices. Court’s order or Court’s of Judge’s

Direction and prothonarty’s order orders.

Office Notes, Office Memorunda of

Corom. Appendices. Court’s order or Court’s of Judge’s

Direction and prothonarty’s order orders.

Office Notes, Office Memorunda of

Corom. Appendices. Court’s order or Court’s of Judge’s

Direction and prothonarty’s order orders.

IN THE CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

PIL WRIT PETITION NO. OF 2007

JANHIT MANCH AND ORS. .... PETITIONERS

THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA

AND OTHERS ..RESPONDENTS

1. 19th Century- The sanitation crisis facing poor households

in the developing world has parallels with an earlier period

in the history of today’s rich countries. Today, People in the

cities of Europe and America live free from fear of

waterborne infectious disease.

2. Rajkot Sanitation Committee, 1896- “Latrines for us!

They exclaimed in astonishment. We go and perform our

Mahatma Gandhi recounting Untouchables’ grievances.

3. UN Human Development Report,1990- Mahbub Ul

Haq wrote, “The basic objective of development is to

create an enabling environment in which people can enjoy

long, healthy and creative lives.”

an estimated 591,500 children die from poor hygiene every

year -- the highest in the world.

5. Hindustan Times, Feb.1,2006: Prime Minister