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Lower Limbs – Part III ‐ Nerves and Joints of the Lower Limbs
Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses
Lumbar Plexus
o Innervates the thigh, abdominal wall, and psoas muscle
o Femoral nerve — innervates quadriceps and skin of anterior thigh and medial surface of leg
o Obturator nerve — passes through obturator foramen to innervate adductor muscles
Sacral Plexus
o Serves the buttock, lower limb, pelvic structures, and perineum
o Sciatic nerve
Longest and thickest nerve of the body
Innervates the hamstring muscles, adductor magnus, and most muscles in the leg and foot
Composed of two nerves: tibial and common fibular
Knee Joint
Complex ellipsoid joint between the femur and the tibia that is supported by many ligaments
Allows flexion, extension, and slight rotation of the leg
Ligaments include
o Anterior cruciate ligament
o Posterior cruciate ligament
o Fibular (lateral) ligament
o Tibial (medial) ligament
Menisci
o Crescent‐shaped cartilage pad between joint that acts as a smooth surface for the joint to move
o Lateral and medial menisci