What is manufacturing?

As you read this introduction, take a few moments to inspect the different objects around
you your watch, chair, stapler, pencil, calculator, telephone and light fixtures. You will soon
realize that all these objects have been transformed from various materias primas and
assembled into the objects that you now see before you.
Some objects, such as nails clavos, bolts pernos and paper clips, are made of one
materials, However.
Most objects aircraft engines, ballpoint pens boligrafos, toaster, bicycles, computers and
thousand more are made of several parts from a variety of materials. A typical automobile,
for example, consists of about 15,000 parts, a C-5A transport plane consists of more than
4 millions parts, and a boeing 747-400 has 6 million parts. All are made by various
processes that we call manufacturing. Manufacturing fabricacion in its broadest sentido
mas amplio sense, is the process of converting raw material into products. It encompasses
abarca the design and manufacturing of goods using various production methods and
techniques.

Manufacturing began about 5000 to 4000 B.C. with the production of various articles of
wood, ceramic, stone and metal. The word manufacturing is derived from the latin
manufactus, meaning made by hand. The word manufacture first appeared in 1567 and
the word manufacturing in 1683. Modern manufacturing involves making products from
raw material by various processes, machinery and operations following a well organized
plan for each step.

Manufacturing comprises approximately 20 to 30 percent of the value of all goods and

services produced in industrialized nations. Generally, the higher the level of
manufacturing in a country, the higher the standard of a living of its people. Manufactured
products are also used to make other products, examples are large presses to form sheet
metal for car bodies, metalworking machinery used to make parts for other products, and
sewing machines for making clothing.

Because a manufactured item has under gone a number of changes in which raw
materials has become a useful product. It has added value, defined as monetary work in
terms of price. For example, clay has a certain value when mined when the clay is used to
make a ceramic dinner plate, cutting tool, or electrical insulator, value is added to the clay.
Similarly a wire coat hanger or a nails has added value over and above the cost of a piece
of wire.
Manufacturing may produce discrete products, meaning individual parts or part pieces or
continuous products. Nails, gears, steel balls, beverage cans and engine blocks are
example of discrete products. Wire metal or plastics sheet, hose and pipe are continuous
products that may be cut into individual pieces and thus become discrete products.
Manufacturing is generally a complex activity involving people who have a broad range of
disciplines and skills together with a wide variety of machinery, equipment and tools with
various levels of automation, including computers, robots and material handling
equipment. Manufacturing activities must be responsive demands and trends.

• A product most fully meet design requirements and specifications.

• A product must be manufactured by the most economical methods in order to
minimize costs.
• Quality must be built (build) into the products at each stage, from design to
assembly, rather than relying on quality testing after the products is made.
 • In a highly competitive environment, production methods must be sufficiently
flexible to respond to changing market demands, types of products, production
rates, production quantities and on-time delivery to the customer.
• New developments in materials, production methods and computer integration of
both technological and managerial activities in a manufacturing organization must
constantly be evaluated with a view to their timely and economic implementation.
• Manufacturing activities must be viewed as a large system, each parts of which is
interrelated such systems can be modeled in order to study the effect of various
factors, such as changes in marker demands, product design, materials, costs and
production methods, on product quality and cost.
• The manufactures must work with the customer to get timely feedback for
continuous product improvement.
• The manufacturing organization must constantly strive for higher productivity,
defined as the optimum use of all its resources: materials, machines, energy,
capital, labor and technology output per employee per hour in all phases must be
maximized.

1. - process of converting raw materials into products.

a) hammering
b) rolling
c) manufacturing
d) melting
2. - they are materials that haven’t been processed.
a) simple materials
b) complex materials
c) processed materials
d) raw materials
3. - guided process using control devices.
a) manufacturing
b) automation
c) integrated
d) quality
4. - machine that initially used punched cards.
a) typing machine
b) Washing machine
c) computer
d) loom
5. - it was the reason why punched cards system was used in world war 2.
a) to work with computers
b) to work with war tanks
c) to use machine guns
d) to fly helicopters
6. - they are very important for designing and manufacturing goods.
a) Skimming and scaning
b) methods and techniques
c) ferrous metals and non ferrous metals
d) design and modeling

7. - period of the initial usage of the blast furnace.

 a) stone age
b) middle age
c) industrial revolution
d) space age
8. - it was where james watt used control devices.
a) a gasoline motor
b) a guided bomb
c) a gas tank
d) a steam engine
9. - by this automatic process, the cars are mass produced.
a) automatic process
b) assembly line
c) manufacture process
d) quality process
10. - the word manufacture comes from.
a) english
b) french
c) greek
d) latin
11. - automatic machine used for farming.
a) the reaper
b) the tractor
c) the cutter
d) the sprinkler
12. - they are used for making clothes.
a) bending machines
b) sewing machines
c) stamping machines
d) soldering machines
13. - it is a great saving in human labor and increases good and services.
a) performance
b) comunication
c) automation
d) exploration
14. - it involves the designing and manufacturing of products, improving their durability.
a) mechanical engineering
b) industrial engineering
c) materials engineering
d) concurrent engineering
15. - automatic process that uses a control clock.
a) open loop process
b) closed loop process
c) electronic process
d) mechanical process
16. - it is defined as monetary worth on the price of goods.
a) surplus
b) basic value
c) final value
d) added value

17. - this automatic technique is used to correct tendencies.

 a) automation
b) addition
c) fishing
d) hunting
18. - it is when the cost of a product should be determined.
a) at the beginning of the process
b) at the end of the process
c) during the process
d) after the process
19. - a very famous brand of automatic rifles.
a) watt
b) mc cormick
c) winchester
d) evans
20. - a very important relation between the manufacturer and the customer.
a) sales
b) purchases
c) loans
d) feedback
21. - automatic process that uses a thermostat.
a) open loop process
b) closed loop process
c) timing process
d) logical process
22.- this process involves computers, robots and handling equipment.
a) manufacturing
b) innovation
c) casting
d) automation
23. - this was the oldest way at working gold and copper.
a) casting
b) melting
c) hammering
d) soldering
24. - this should be taken on account at every stage of producing goods.
a) ability
b) quality
c) ductility
d) flexibility
25. – actual percentage of the value of manufactured goods in industrialized countries.
a) 20 to 30 %
b) 40 to 50 %
c) 60 to 70 %
d) 80 to 90 %

1. what was the beginning of manufacturing ?

Manufacturing began about 5000 to 4000 B.C. with the production of various articles of
wood, ceramic, stone and metal.
2. what is the meaning of manufacture ?
Manufactus, meaning made by hand.
Modern manufacturing involves making products from raw material by various processes,
machinery and operations following a well organized plan for each step.
3. mention something that you would like to manufacture and say why you would
I’ll like to produce compact or dvd discs because I like them and it will be interesting
Knowing the technology they use to make them.
4. what steps could you follow in order to manufacture that product ?
- to buy the raw material
- assembly every pieces of the chair using glue and nails
- to check all details and quality of the chair
- to give finished of painting
- to put if for sale
5. explain why automation is so important nowadays.
the automatization is very important because it makes easier the development of a lot of
the manufacture processes and assemblement, also because it can be used in almost
every manufacture processes
6. what is for you one of the best examples of automation ? explain your reason
Painting robots, because it is easier to paint a car with a robot because is faster and
presents less defects, also because it can paint a lot of cars continuosly and without
restings.
7. name five industries in you city that work with automation.
- Chrysler
- General motors
- Technotrim
- De acero
- Apasco
8. explain what you think of automation.
I think that with the implementation of automatized process it makes easier the fabrication
of any product for the businessmen but reduces the manpower what produce more
nemployment.
9. what is the beginning for the development of an original product concept ?
to have a good idea and that is possible to work out, to collect the ideal crew of design and
create a market for selling that product
10. what is the relation between manufacture and automation ? explain
they are related in the fabrication of products, while manufacturing means to make
products in anyway the automation means to make products with the help of machines the
only one difference between them is that manufacturing principle is the work made by
human beings.