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Examples:
Tearing
Cutting
Crumbling
Chemical
Examples:
Nuclear Change
Examples:
Artificial Radioactivity
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Natural Radioactivity
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
THREE: Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy: Matter and energy ONE: Law of
Conservation of Mass: Matter cannot either be created nor destroyed but can be
changed from one form to another
E=MC^2
Properties of Matter
Physical Properties
Two types
Density
Intensive physical property
Density = Mass/Volume
Solids is measured in g/cm^3 while liquids are measured in g/mL and gasses g/L (most
affected by pressure)
Specific Gravity
Phases of Matter
First way to classify matter is by the phases
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Particle Drawings
Elements
Pure Substance that cannot be decomposed by a chemical reaction
Elements are composed of atoms which are the smallest part of an element that are
able to undergo chemical reactions
Properties
Allotrope: Different form of the same element thereby having different structures
Graphite and diamond are both composed of carbon but have different hardness’s
Iron = Fe
Compounds
Two or more elements chemically combined
NaCl (salt)
NH3 (Ammonia)
H20 (water)
Composed of two or more elements forming a molecule that retains the physical
properties of the physical substances
Properties
Represented by formulas
H20 (water)
Mixtures
Two types of mixtures:
Homogeneous Mixtures
Two or more substances uniformly mixed together, each retaining their own physical
properties
Properties
Physically combined and separated
Solutions:
Best mixed
Hardest to separate
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Two or more substances not uniformly mixed together each retaining its original
properties. Can be physically separated.
Properties
Suspensions
Least mixed
Largest particles
Easiest to separate
Scatters Light
Temperature = Kelvin
Scientific Notation
The numbers obtained in some measurements or calculations maybe extremely large
or small. In order to facilitate the writing of these numbers they are expressed as
powers of ten.
Significant Figures
The numbers that determine the accuracy of a measurement
Zeros that appear after a number are significant if followed by a decimal point or if
the zeros are to the right of a decimal point
1600 = 2
1600. = 4
1600.000 = 7
Rules
When the number dropped is less than 5 the last significant figure remains unchanged
When adding and subtracting the answer should be rounded off so as to contain the
least accurately known figure as the last one
When multiplying the answer should be rounded so to contain only as many figures as
are contained in the least accurate number