MITOSIS

1. Q
P
P

S
R

Cell Cycle

Name and state the purpose of each of these sub phases

P1 : ………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Q : ………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
P2 : ………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
R : ………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
S : ………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………

2. State the definition of Mitosis.

MITOSIS Process by which a nucleus divides to produce _____________

daughter cells, each containing the __________ number of
chromosomes as the parental cells.

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 3. Rearrange the jumbled words .
The importances of mitosis are:

a. W O T H G R _____________________
b. ELLC ECALPNETERM _____________________
c. G E T O I R E N E N A _____________________
d. X E S A A U L D U T C I N E R R O P _____________________

4. Label the diagram below.

i.

ii.

5. Underline the correct words in the bracket.

Cytokinesis is occurs ( just prior to , after ) mitosis. Between divisions, cells are in

( dormant-phase , interphase ) , an active period during which chromosomal DNA is

duplicated, the cell mass ( increases, decreases) and new organelles are produced.

Nuclear DNA is replicated only during ( G1 , G2 , S ) phase. The process of mitosis

occurs in the following order : prophase, ( anaphase , metaphase ) , ( anaphase ,

metaphase ) and telophase. The mitotic spindle is a complex of ( microtubules ,

microfilaments ) that ( prevents , assists ) chromosomes movement. The spindle is

attached to each chromosome at a site called the ( connector , centromere ). Following

nuclear division, the cytoplasm of the cells is divided. The soon-to-be daughter cells are

separated by the cleavage ( plane , furrow ) in animals cells and the cell ( plate , furrow )

in the plant cells.

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 6. How does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells ?

Cell division in plant and animal cells differs in two ways : (1) animal cells have

…………………………… , whereas plants cells ……………………. , and (2) animal cells

have ………………………………….. , whereas plant cells have ………………………..

8. Complete the flow chart below

Tissue Culture Technique

…………. of carrot

Transverse section of root

Cell ( …..n )

Fragments cultured in ……………..

Cell division ………………. to form …………

Callus cultured on ……….. medium and transferred to ………….

Adult plant

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 9. Explain briefly how Dolly the sheep was produced by cloning. Give your answer in the
form of a flow chart which shows the successive steps with explanatory notes for each
step.

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 10. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLONING

Advantage Disadvantage

Cloned plant are ……………………… is Clones are …………………… to new

size and shape diseases
Plants can be produced ………… the year Clones are easily destroyed if there is a
…………………. in the environment
Plant maintain the …………….. designed
characteristics of the mother plants
Tissue culture techniques are cost
……………………
Clones can be produced in ………………..
numbers in a short time

MEIOSIS

11.

MEIOSIS Process by which a nucleus divides to produce

____________ daughter cells, each containing ___________
the number of chromosomes of the parental cell.

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 12. Fill in the blank using the words provided.

Synapsis Sister Chromatids Metaphase II four

Haploid Haploid Homologous chromosomes

Two Diploid Prophase I Diploid

1. At __________ phase of meiosis are these two cells, each with sister chromatids
aligned at the spindle equator.
2. The meiotic process by which homologues are paired during prophase I is called
__________ .
3. Crossing occurs during ________ .
4. Meiosis consists of __________ nuclear divisions, producing ___________
haploid cells.
5. The function of meiosis I is to separate _________ . The function of meiosis II is
to separate _____________ .
6. Meiosis I produces two ____________ cells.
7. Meiosis II produces four ______________ cells.

13. By using two different colours show the result of crossing-over.

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 14. Complete the table below.

Name of Phase Description

1. Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad
2. Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides
Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughter cells
3.
formed
4. Chromosomes line up along equator, not in homologous pairs
5. Crossing-over occurs
6. Sister chromatids separate
7. Homologous chromosomes line up alone equator
8. Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed

15. Name the stages in the diagrams above.

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 16. If a diploid cell has two chromosomes ( 2n = 4 ) , Draw and describe the events that
occur in each stage in mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis Prophase Meiosis I Prophase Meiosis II Prophase

Chromosome
behaviour

Mitosis Metaphase Meiosis I Metaphase Meiosis II Metaphase

Chromosome o o
behaviour

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 Mitosis Anaphase Meiosis I Anaphase Meiosis II Anaphase

Chromosome o o
behaviour

Mitosis Telophase Meiosis I Telophase Meiosis II

Telophase

Chromosome o o
behaviour

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 17. COMPARE AND CONTRAST

1. Complete the table below.

Meiosis I Similarities Meiosis II

1. The chromosomes become …………………………. and …………………….

during prophase.
2. The chromosomes are arranged at the …………………………. plate.

MEIOSIS I Aspect compared MEIOSIS II

Homologous chromosomes pair Prophase Synapsis of homologous
up and …………………………... chromosomes and
between non-sister chromatids ………………………….between
occurs. non- sister chromatids does not
take place
……………………………………. Metaphase ………………………. align at
align at the metaphase plate of the metaphase plate ( equator)
the cell of the cell
Homologous chromosomes Anaphase Sister chromatids
…………………… and move to …………………………becoming
opposite poles. Sister daughter chromosomes that
chromatids are still attached move to opposite poles.
together and move as a unit.
……….. haploid daughter cells Telophase …………. haploid daughter are
are formed. formed.
Each daughter cell has only Set of chromosome Each daughter cell has the
…………. of each type of ……………. number of
chromosome: either the chromosome as the haploid cell
paternal or the maternal produced in meiosis I but each
chromosome. cell has only one of the sister
chromatids.

10

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 18. Complete the table below.

Mitosis Similarities Meiosis

1. A nuclear division process
2. Nuclear division occur
MITOSIS Aspect compared MEIOSIS
Place occur

Role

Number of
cytokinesis

Synapsis of
homologous
chromosomes
Number of
daughter cells

Set of
chromosomes

Genetic
composition of
daughter cells
Variation

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 EXERCISES

1. Diagram 1.1 shows phases M and N during meiosis I.

M phase : N phase :
Description : Description :

a. In the space provided,

i. State the both stages in M and N

ii. Describe the behaviour of both chromosomes in above stages.

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 b. Diagram 1.2 shows the chromosome behaviour during Prophase I in
meiosis.

uv ray

i. State the M process

……………………………..

ii. State the part of chromatids where the M process occurs.

……………………………...

c. Based on diagram 1.2, draw the chromosome behaviour during Prophase

II.

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 Statement : Case :

Meiosis is a process to In a family, there are

produce gametes that take variability occurs in
place in sex organ. offspring.

d. Based on the above statement, explain how the situation happens.

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….

e. Diagram 1.3 shows the formation of cancer cell in epithelium.

Epithelium cells Cancerous cells

Based on diagram 1.3 , explain how the cancer happens.

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….

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 2. Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes for sexual reproduction. Offspring
produced by sexual reproduction differ genetically from one another and from the
parents. Draw a diagram and explain briefly how meiosis makes genetic variation
possible.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Diagram shows the differences that occur in a family member.

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 Based on diagram 8, identify the differences among the family members. Discuss how
the differences are inherited.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Diagram 2.1 shows phase X and phase Y in the cell cycle of an organism.
Phase X consists of three sub-phases, P, Q and R. Phase Y involves two
processes, U and Y.

Diagram 2.1

(a) (i) Name process U.

……………………………………………

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 (ii) State two roles of process U in an organism.

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the various stages in process U.

Diagram 2.2

(i) Based on Diagram 2.2 complete the correct sequence of stages in

process U.

Stage → Stage → Stage → Stage

IV ………… ……… ………

(ii) Name the stages in process U.

Stage Name of stage

II

III

IV

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 (c) (i) Name phase X in Diagram 2.1.
…………………………………

(ii) Describe what happens in the cell during phase X.

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

(d) A technique which involves the cell cycle shown in Diagram 2.1 could
used in cattle farming. A researcher use the technique to increase the
number of beef cattle. Describe the technique.

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