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Paint Methanol
Rocket fuel
Acetic acid
Vinegar Hexamine
Barbecue starter
Methane
Sewer gas
Nicotine
Insecticide
Cadmium
Batteries
Arsenic
Toluene Poison
Industrial solvent
100%
Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke at home
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
78%
30%
51%
20% 43%
41% 38%
34%
28%
10%
0%
Africa The Americas South-East Asia Europe Eastern Western Pacific TOTAL
Mediterranean
Source: (20).
Stroke*
second-hand
Middle ear disease
Nasal irritation,
Lymphoma* Nasal sinus cancer*
tobacco smoke
Respiratory symptoms, Breast cancer*
Impaired lung function
Coronary heart disease
Asthma*
has serious
Sudden Infant Death Lung cancer
Syndrome (SIDS)
Chronic obstructive
Leukemia* pulmonary disease
consequences. Atherosclerosis*
Nasal irritation,
Lymphoma* Nasal sinus cancer*
Respiratory symptoms,
Impaired lung function
Coronary heart disease
Asthma*
Lung cancer
Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS) Atherosclerosis*
Source: (28).
Source: (45).
30
Urinary cotinine (ng/ml)
25
24.2
20
15
10
7.8
5
* Analysis of salivary or urinary cotinine concentrations is used as a biological marker to measure exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.
Ventilation
and designated
smoking rooms
do not prevent
exposure
to second-hand
tobacco smoke.
60%
53%
50% 47%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
100%
Smokers
90%
80%
70%
60% 60%
50% 46%
40%
30%
20%
10%
In every country
where comprehensive
smoke-free
legislation has been
enacted, smoke-free
environments are
popular and result
in either a neutral
or positive impact
on business.
10 000
200
8 000
150
6 000
100
4 000
NYC law passed in 2003
50
2 000
0 0
Source: (103) and additional unpublished data from the New York State Liquor Authority Year
and New York City Economic Development Corporation.
Note: Average annual employment calculated from monthly totals.