Mixed Boundary Conditions In

Solving Differential Equations

Akash Srivastava
RC1802A04
Reg No. 10802311

Abstract: dimensional biharmonic

A general system of the time-
dependent partial differential
equations containing several
arbitrary initial and boundary
conditions is considered. A
hybrid method based on artificial
neural networks, minimization
techniques and collocation
methods is proposed to determine
a related approximate solution in
a closed analytical form. The
optimal values for the
corresponding adjustable
parameters are calculated. An
accurate approximate solution is
obtained, that works well for
interior and exterior points of the
original domain. Numerical
efficiency and accuracy of the
hybrid method are investigated
by two-test problems including
an initial value and a boundary
value problem for the two-
equation.
Introduction:
In mathematics, a mixed
boundary condition for a partial
differential equation indicates
that different boundary
conditions are used on different
parts of the boundary of the
domain of the equation.
For example, if u is a solution to
a partial differential equation on a
set Ω with piecewise-smooth
boundary ∂Ω, and ∂Ω is divided
into two parts, Γ₁ and Γ₂, one can
use a Dirichlet boundary
condition on Γ₁ and a Neumann
boundary condition on Γ₂:
where u₀ and g are given
functions defined on those
portions of the boundary.
Robin boundary condition is
another type of hybrid boundary
condition; it is a linear
combination of Dirichlet and
Neumann boundary conditions.
Differential Equations
A differential equation is an
equation which contains a
derivative (such as dy/dx).
Example
To verify that something solves
an equation, you need to
substitute it into the equation and
show that you get zero. So, here
we need to work out dy/dx and
show that this is equal to the right
hand side when we substitute the
x-3 into it.
dy/dx = -3x-4
and check that when you
substitute x-3 into the right hand
side you also get -3x-4.
Solving
When given a differential
equation, you will often be asked
to "solve" the differential
equation or find the "general
solution". This basically means
find an expression which does
not contain any derivatives. To do
this you will need to integrate.
Example
Boundary value problem:
Shows a region where a
differential equation is valid and
the associated boundary values
In mathematics, in the field of
differential equations, a boundary
value problem is a differential
equation together with a set of
additional restraints, called the
boundary conditions. A solution
to a boundary value problem is a
solution to the differential
equation which also satisfies the
boundary conditions.
Boundary value problems arise in
several branches of physics as
any physical differential equation
will have them. Problems
involving the wave equation,
such as the determination of
normal modes, are often stated as
boundary value problems. A
large class of important boundary
value problems are the Sturm–
Liouville problems. The analysis
of these problems involves the
eigenfunctions of a differential
operator.
To be useful in applications, a
boundary value problem should
be well posed. This means that
given the input to the problem
there exists a unique solution,
which depends continuously on
the input. Much theoretical work
in the field of partial differential
equations is devoted to proving
that boundary value problems
arising from scientific and
engineering applications are in
fact well-posed.
Among the earliest boundary
value problems to be studied is
the Dirichlet problem, of finding
the harmonic functions (solutions
to Laplace's equation); the
solution was given by the
Dirichlet's principle.
Initial or Boundary
Conditions:
You may be given information
which allows you to work out the
constant of integration.
In the above example, for
example, you may have been told
that y(0) = 0 [which means y = 0
when x = 0].
We can substitute these values
into our answer to determine c:
0 = 0 + 0 + c, so c = 0
The answer in this case would
therefore be y = 5x2/2 + 3x .
In mathematics, in the field of
differential equations, a boundary
value problem is a differential
equation together with a set of
additional restraints, called the
boundary conditions. A solution
to a boundary value problem is a
solution to the differential
equation which also satisfies the
boundary conditions.
Boundary value problems arise in
several branches of physics as
any physical differential equation
will have them. Problems
involving the wave equation,
such as the determination of
normal modes, are often stated as
boundary value problems. A large
class of important boundary
value problems are the Sturm–
Liouville problems. The analysis
of these problems involves the
eigenfunctions of a differential
operator.
To be useful in applications, a Without the boundary conditions,
boundary value problem should the general solution to this
be well posed. This means that equation is
given the input to the problem
there exists a unique solution,
which depends continuously on
the input. Much theoretical work From the boundary condition
in the field of partial differential y(0) = 0 one obtains
equations is devoted to proving
that boundary value problems
arising from scientific and
engineering applications are in which implies that B = 0. From
fact well-posed. the boundary condition y(π / 2) =
2 one finds
Among the earliest boundary
value problems to be studied is
the Dirichlet problem, of finding
the harmonic functions (solutions and so A = 2. One sees that
to Laplace's equation); the imposing boundary conditions
solution was given by the allowed one to determine a
Dirichlet's principle. unique solution, which in this
case is
If the problem is dependent on
both space and time, then instead
of specifying the value of the
problem at a given point for all
time the data could be given at a
given time for all space. For Types of boundary value
example, the temperature of an problems:
iron bar with one end kept at
absolute zero and the other end at
the freezing point of water would
be a boundary value problem.

Concretely, an example of a
boundary value (in one spatial
dimension) is the problem The boundary value problem for
an idealised 2D rod

If the boundary gives a value to

to be solved for the unknown
function y(x) with the boundary
conditions
the normal derivative of the
problem then it is a Neumann
boundary condition. For example,
if there is a heater at one end of
an iron rod, then energy would be
added at a constant rate but the
3) http://en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/Boundary_value
actual temperature would not be
_problem
known.

If the boundary gives a value to 4) http://en.wikipedia

the problem then it is a Dirichlet .org/wiki/Mixed_boundar
boundary condition. For example, y_condition
if one end of an iron rod is held at
absolute zero, then the value of 5) http://en.wikipe
the problem would be known at dia.org/wiki/Boundary
that point in space. _value_problem
If the boundary has the form of a
curve or surface that gives a
value to the normal derivative
and the problem itself then it is a
Cauchy boundary condition.

Aside from the boundary

condition, boundary value
problems are also classified
according to the type of
differential operator involved.
For an elliptic operator, one
discusses elliptic boundary value
problems. For an hyperbolic
operator, one discusses
hyperbolic boundary value
problems. These categories are
further subdivided into linear and
various nonlinear types.

REFERENCE:

1) http://en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/Differential_equ
ation

2) http://www.sosmat
h.com/diffeq/diffeq.html