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Ecology is the scientific study of the relation of living organisms with each
other and their surroundings. The word "ecology" ("oekologie") was coined in
1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919).
• Abiotic components:
components non-living chemical and physical factors such
as temperature, light, water, and nutrients
• Biotic components:
components the living components
Types of Ecology:
1. Organismal Ecology
2. Population Ecology
3. Community Ecology
4. Ecosystem Ecology
5. Landscape Ecology and
6. Global Ecology.
Hierarchial
Hierarchial Levels of Ecology
* biosphere
* biome
* ecosystem
* community
* population
* species
1. Organismal
Organismal Ecology
Ecology
Examples:
Some animals
• Change their coat
• Change their shape
Examples:
• In response to extreme cold temperature, plants can produce
various proteins that protect them from the damaging
effects of ice formation and in case of extreme hot
temperature, they can produce heat shock proteins and can
increase their photoperspiration rate.
• In response to temperature changes, some animals act as
REGULATORS and some act as CONFORMERS.
CONFORMERS
Examples:
Many animals
• Lose heat through the evaporation of water in sweat
• Use panting to cool their bodies
• Bathing moistens the skin which helps to cool an animal down
• Hibernate
• Mate
2. Population Ecology
3. Community Ecology
4. Ecosystem Ecology
Decomposers are a special type of consumer that can eat dead, organic
matter and convert it back into its inorganic components.
5. Landscape Ecology
Ecology
6. Global Ecology
Ecology
The biosphere is the global sum of all biomes. It includes the lithosphere,
the hydrosphere and the atmosphere.