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A project developed by AUIA (Arquitectos, Urbanistas e Ingenieros Asociados) in collaboration with SO (Societat Orgànica)
for the Palma Beach Consortium (Mallorca, Spain)
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Palma Beach Consortium
http://consorcioplayadepalma.es
THE PROJECT
In 2005 the Town Planning Consortium for the improvement and landscaping of Palma Beach was set up with
the aim of promoting the refurbishment of hotels, complementary tourism services and its urban area.
The Consortium has geared its work toward configuring a different vision, contemplating a new tourism
model for Palma Beach that can be renowned world-wide and including as key issues sustainability,
climate change,
change global change,
change social and residential cohesion.
cohesion A new model for a new destination.
destination
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Balearic Islands
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Palma bay
y ((Mallorca)) / Palma Beach area
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Royal
y Cupido
p Hotel RCH ((1976))
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Royal
y Cupido
p Hotel RCH ((1976))
Longitudinal section, beach facade
Typical floor plan, rooms
yp p ,
06/46
Environmental impacts
p of the building
g sector
acidification
idifi ti
biodiversity
ozone layer depletion
greenhouse effect
erosion
eutrophication
acid rain
Materials*:: 25%
Materials Energy*:: 33%
Energy
heavy metals
abiotic resources
biotic resources
summer smog
winter smog
land occupation
environmental toxicity
human toxicity
Water*: 20% Waste*: 30%
* Building sector participation in the whole society environmental impacts
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1st strategy:
gy demand reduction
energy water
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2nd strategy:
gy efficiency
y increasing
g
energy water
materials waste
low impact materials deconstruction instead demolition
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3rd strategy:
gy local resources use
energy water
materials waste
building with site materials waste classification
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4th strategy:
gy recycling
y g
energy water
materials waste
regenerated materials new uses for old materials
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5th strategy:
gy impact
p neutralisation
energy water
materials waste
carbon neutral materials building from waste
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Building
g refurbishment model: objectives
j
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Building
g refurbishment model: environmental focus
Main environmental indicators used in a 50 years life cycle building analysis are:
-Energy consumption of all phases (MJ/m2)
-Water consumption of use (litres/person/day)
-Material consumption impacts of refurbishment (KgCO2/m2)
-Construction waste of refurbishment (Kg/m2)
-Garbage of use (Kg/person/day)
-Greenhouse
G h emissions
i i off allll phases
h / 2)
(K CO2/m
(KgCO
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Step by step environmental work
1. Obtain and record information about the existing building: plans, construction
and facilities systems, resources consumption, use profiles, management profiles,
climate, other local conditions, etc.
2. Develop a computerized profile of building environmental impacts (energy by
LIDER and CALENER official software; materials and construction waste by TCQ
tool and BEDEC database; water by an hydraulic worksheet
worksheet, etc
etc.).
)
3. Identify design options for environmental impact reduction (energy, water,
materials, waste, etc.) mainly for refurbishing and use phases with a technical,
economic and standard-compliance evaluation.
4. When steps 1, 2 and 3 were completed, realise a new computerized profile of
building impacts corresponding to the expected refurbished scenario and verify (or
not and come back to previous works) if all objectives have been reached (at least
50% of environmental impacts reductions).
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Most important phases of building life cycle
1% 65% 0,5%
30% 2% 1,5%
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Project and reference buildings
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
Obj ti
Objective
Reduce both energy consume and its CO2 emissions in the refurbished building
scenario at least 50% when compared to the existing one
one.
Strategies
-Demand reduction, improving thermal characteristics of building skin, structure in
contact to internal air, etc. (insulation, solar protection, infiltration, thermal inertia).
-Efficiency increasing, analysing and, if convenient, replacing facility systems and
appliances for low energy consume ones.
-Use of local resources
resources, evaluating renewable energy possibilities the site could
offer (solar radiation, wind, temperature gaps throughout the day, etc.).
-Building management, determining new systems regulation or use routines if an
energy consume reduction opportunity were identified
identified.
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
A ti
Actions
1. Roof 2. Improvement of 3. More efficient air
insulation all windows conditioning plant
12. Photovoltaic panels
12 Photovoltaic panels
in balconies
4. Façade
insulation
11. Solar
protections
5. Natural
ventilation in
rooms
7. Saving light
9. Free‐cooling
systems
in big HVAC
10. More efficient systems 6. More efficient boilers
fan‐coils in rooms
8. Accurate regulation
for energy systems
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
P ti l results
Partial lt HVAC + HW (hot water) + L (lighting)
Existing building Refurbishment proposal
B 43,1 KgCO2/m2
D 92,9 KgCO / 2
92 9 K CO2/m
Energy simulations used the software CALENER (official Spain new buildings efficiency energy certification tool). Special
correction factors were introduced to represent bioclimatic aspects that could not be calculated in a right way for that tool,
like cross ventilation, thermal inertia, etc.
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
Complementary actions
Energy consumption by use in Palma Beach hotels Source: Balearic Island Government studies
Heating
Hot water
Kitchen
Air conditioning
Lighting
Others
How to reduce the 30% part of energy which is not used in HVAC+HW+L:
-Kitchens, restaurants and bars: hot/fresh water washers and class A refrigerators (up to 65% savings).
-Laundries:
Laundries: hot/fresh water washers (up to 65% savings).
savings)
-Swimming pools and elevators: engine change to direct transmission, variable speed and electronic
regulation systems (up to 30-50% savings).
-Public spaces and rooms: electronic appliances with Energy Star certification (up to 30-75% savings)
-Hotel staff and guests: training and control programs focused on energy, water and garbage reduction in
building use (up to 20% savings).
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
Fi l results
Final lt
At least 53% energy consume and CO2 emissions reduction could be reached.
100%
RCH existing building
50%
Refurbished scenario (47%)
0%
81,9 KgCO2/m2 38,5 KgCO2/m2
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Impact by impact environmental work: water
Obj ti
Objective
Reduce water consumption in the refurbished building scenario at least 50% when
compared to the existing one
one.
Strategies
-Demand reduction, optimising performance of guests and hotel staff and
redesigning gardens (plants, grass, watering, etc.) for water saving.
-Efficiency improvement, converting, taps, showers, WC discharges, swimming
pools, other appliances to the lowest consume options or, if possible, dry options.
-Local resources use,
use collecting,
collecting storing and using rainwater.
rainwater
-Recycling, purifying, disinfecting and using grey water.
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Impact by impact environmental work: water
Actions
Approach to the current RCH consume: 179 litres/person/day
showers
Local resources use: pool Efficiency
replace water from improvement:
po e e t
net for rainwater. substitution of non-
saving taps, WC
gardening
discharges, showers,
Recycling: replace and other water
laundry appliances.
water from net for
grey water. Reduction of losses
from renovation,
dish washer evaporation
p and
sinks washing in swimming
WC pools.
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Impact by impact environmental work: water
Results Hydraulic
H d li b balance
l
29% saving, more
g,
efficient water
appliances
6% rainwater
6% i t
contribution
180 litres/person/day
(potable water)
16% grey water
contribution
49% potable water
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Impact by impact environmental work: water
Results
At least 51% potable water consume saving could be reached.
100%
HRC existing building
50%
Refurbished scenario (49%)
0%
180 litres/person/day 88 litres/person/day
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Impact by impact environmental work: materials
Objective
Reduce both production energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the Palma
Beach refurbishing model at least 50% when compared to usual practices
practices.
Strategies
-Keep most of existing materials, repairing and/or refurbishing building systems
instead demolishing and replacing them.
-Reduce both amounts and impacts of materials, which have to be renovated or
added, using building systems with low intensity per unit of service and
recyclable/renewable products
products.
-Decrease maintenance charges, using conservation-free, durable and low impact
materials.
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Impact by impact environmental work: materials
A ti
Actions
Materials to be conserved Materials to be added
R
Results
lt TCQ software using BEDEC database calculations
Palma Beach refurbishing model applied to RCH
U
Usual
l refurbishing
f bi hi model
d l applied
li d tto RCH
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Impact by impact environmental work: materials
R
Results
lt
At least 79% energy consumption and CO2 emissions reduction from materials
production could be reached.
p
100%
Usual refurbishing model
50%
0%
674 K
KgCO / 2
CO2/m 142 K
KgCO / 2
CO2/m
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Impact by impact environmental work: waste
Objective
Waste with final destination to landfill or burning (materials that can not be recycled)
must decrease 50% from the usual refurbishing level level.
Strategies
-Reduce generation(e.g.: prefabricated and modular systems when possible).
-Reuse waste in site (e.g.: concrete or ceramic crushed into new mixes).
-Recycle
Recycle waste that can not be reused (e.g.:
(e g : metals
metals, glass
glass, etc
etc.))
-Recover energy from waste which can not be reused or recycled but
controlling pollutants (e.g.: wood or plastic mixed with other materials).
-Landfill only waste which can not be reused, recycled or converted in energy
(e.g.: plaster, composites, etc)
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Impact by impact environmental work: waste
Actions
Phase 1
Reduction proposals
- Waste management plan developed in the
project phase (by designers). Phase 2
Amounts and types of waste
Phase 3
Recovery possibilities
Phase 4
- Waste reduction and management plan Management scenarios
S
Separation
ti and
dddestination
ti ti expected
t d iin th
the P
Palma
l B
Beach
hRRefurbishment
f bi h tMModel:
d l
Expected results
Building systems keys: less waste, recyclable materials
Terrazzo flooring 4,79 Kg/m2
Project
P j t phase:
h select
l tb building
ildi
materials that generates less
waste and design a plan for its
Cork flooring 0,86 Kg/m2 reduction and management
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Impact by impact environmental work: waste
Fi l results
Final lt scenario
i
At least 54% waste (non-recyclable material land filled and/or burned) reduction
could be reached.
100%
50%
0%
65% landfilling/incineration 30% landfilling/incineration
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Impact by impact environmental work: garbage
Objective
Garbage with final destination to landfill or burning (materials which can not be
recycled) have to be at least 50% less than current situation
situation.
Strategies The hotel already has
facilities for management
facilities for management
-Reduce generation (green procurement, training and separation and usually
works in reduction of
programs for guests and hotel staff, etc.). generation (ISO/EMAS)
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Impact by impact environmental work: garbage
Actions
RCH garbage management (2008)
Garbage type Weight (Kg) % In‐place treatment Recycled %
Organic 45.207 53,3% No selective pick up 0 0,0%
Others 19.374 22,8% Selective pick up 0 0,0% Reduce generation
Paper and cardboard 9.914 11,7% Selective pick up 7.931 9,4%
Light packaging 2.550 3,0% No selective pick up 0 0,0%
Glass 7.319 8 6% Selective pick up
8,6% 6.587 7,8% Selective separation and also
Vegetal oil 300 0,4% Special management 240 0,3%
selective pick up
Toxics and pollutants 135 0,2% Special management 0 0,0
Total 84.799 100,0% 14.758 17,4%
T t l/
Total/person/day
/d 0 92
0,92
Source: Environmental declaration of the RCH 2008 (ISO 14.001 standards)
Expected
p results scenario
The key for selective separation increasing is to change the ‘street containers’
based model to ‘door to door pick up’ model. It can improve separated garbage
easy to recycling or composting from 35% (containers) to 80% (door by door)
door).
10% Hotel: less generation
17%
reciclado throughout green procurement
recycled
0 92 Kg/person/day
0,92 Kg/person/day and management policy
and management policy.
48%
reciclado
recycled
y
EExternal managers: increase
t l i
83% both recycling and composting
no reciclado of organic, paper, glass and
not
recycled light packaging.
41%
no reciclado
not Garbage which can not be
recycled composted or recycled.
Fi l results
Final lt scenario
i
At least 50% garbage (non-recyclable material land filled and/or burned) reduction
could be reached.
100%
Current situation
50%
Future situation
0%
0 76 Kg/person/day1
0,76 0 38 Kg/person/day
0,38
1 Garbage generated less garbage recycled and/or composted.
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50 years life cycle CO2 emissions: total and by phase
Use ((HVAC+HW+L))
Uso (Clim+ACS+ilum)
Mantenimento
Maintenance
Derribo
Demolition
84 33%
84,33%
91,19%
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Final results per indicator: objectives accomplishment
Palma Beach
objectives level
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Refurbishment costs
costs, invest recovery,
recovery savings
Refurbishment costs: global and by indicator
Total € € Energy € Materials € Water € Waste
3.134.555,98 1.495.183,20 1.423.088,42 216.284,36 0,00
100% 47,7% 45,4% 6,9% 0%
Invest recovery
y (annual energy price growth 1,5%, financial interest rate 5%)
Skin improvement Facilities improvement
Building works investment: € 457.523 € 532.843
Materials lifespan: 75 years 25 years
Invest recovery:
Invest recovery: 13 years
13 years 16 years
16 years
Benefits in 20 years: € 202.381 € 127.068
Energy
gy and CO2 emissions savings
g
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The HRC won the 2010 Property Hotel Award
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The HRC after partial refurbishing
(summer 2010, partially following the Palma Beach Refurbishing Model)
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Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY mandatory/optional
THERMAL COMFORT 1/1
/
AIR QUALITY 4/8
NATURAL LIGHTING 1/1
ACOUSTIC
ACOUSTIC 1/1
1/1
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT mandatory/optional
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 3/3
BUILDING MANAGEMENT 4/10
GUESTS 1/1
HOTEL STAFF 2/4
SUPPLIERS 3/9
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Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification
nsumption ((%)
Water con
Existing building Refurbished building Existing building Refurbished building
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Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification
Building sustainability
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