Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 46

Hotel refurbishment in Mallorca, Spain

Reducing environmental impacts at least 50%


Athens, 27 November 2010

Gerardo Wadel I PhD Architect I www.societatorganica.com


www societatorganica com

A project developed by AUIA (Arquitectos, Urbanistas e Ingenieros Asociados) in collaboration with SO (Societat Orgànica)
for the Palma Beach Consortium (Mallorca, Spain)

01/46
Palma Beach Consortium
http://consorcioplayadepalma.es

THE PROJECT
In 2005 the Town Planning Consortium for the improvement and landscaping of Palma Beach was set up with
the aim of promoting the refurbishment of hotels, complementary tourism services and its urban area.
The Consortium has geared its work toward configuring a different vision, contemplating a new tourism
model for Palma Beach that can be renowned world-wide and including as key issues sustainability,
climate change,
change global change,
change social and residential cohesion.
cohesion A new model for a new destination.
destination

02/46
Balearic Islands

03/46
Palma bay
y ((Mallorca)) / Palma Beach area

04/46
Royal
y Cupido
p Hotel RCH ((1976))

05/46
Royal
y Cupido
p Hotel RCH ((1976))

Longitudinal section, beach facade

Typical floor plan, rooms
yp p ,

06/46
Environmental impacts
p of the building
g sector

acidification
idifi ti
biodiversity
ozone layer depletion
greenhouse effect
erosion
eutrophication
acid rain
Materials*:: 25%
Materials Energy*:: 33%
Energy
heavy metals
abiotic resources
biotic resources
summer smog
winter smog
land occupation
environmental toxicity
human toxicity
Water*: 20% Waste*: 30%
* Building sector participation in the whole society environmental impacts

07/46
1st strategy:
gy demand reduction

bioclimatic design new ways, dried appliances

energy water

material use optimisation


p materials waste generation decrease

08/46
2nd strategy:
gy efficiency
y increasing
g

efficient facilities saving systems

energy water

materials waste
low impact materials deconstruction instead demolition

09/46
3rd strategy:
gy local resources use

active and passive solar systems rainwater

energy water

materials waste
building with site materials waste classification

10/46
4th strategy:
gy recycling
y g

carbon natural systems grey water

energy water

materials waste
regenerated materials new uses for old materials

11/46
5th strategy:
gy impact
p neutralisation

thermal improving in existing buildings sewage natural treatment

energy water
materials waste
carbon neutral materials building from waste

12/46
Building
g refurbishment model: objectives
j

It is needed to determine a refurbishing model for housing and hotel existing


b ildi
buildings off Palma
P l B
Beachh which
hi h has
h to t be
b tested
t t d through
th h the
th development
d l t off two
t
case studies (Royal Cupido Hotel and a multiple dwelling building in Can Pastilla)
that should be capable to reduce its environmental impacts at least 50%.

Additionally, refurbished buildings have to reach A or B categories in the Spain


official energy efficiency certification (established by Royal Decree 47/2007).

13/46
Building
g refurbishment model: environmental focus

The environmental concept is focused on the relation between buildings


habitability (indoor and outdoor space quality) and impacts caused to reach it.
Those habitability impacts are both resources consumption (energy, waste,
materials,
i l etc.)) and
d waste generationi (
(construction
i and
d use ones, CO2
emissions, etc.). More sustainability should mean less impact.

Main environmental indicators used in a 50 years life cycle building analysis are:
-Energy consumption of all phases (MJ/m2)
-Water consumption of use (litres/person/day)
-Material consumption impacts of refurbishment (KgCO2/m2)
-Construction waste of refurbishment (Kg/m2)
-Garbage of use (Kg/person/day)
-Greenhouse
G h emissions
i i off allll phases
h / 2)
(K CO2/m
(KgCO

14/46
Step by step environmental work

1. Obtain and record information about the existing building: plans, construction
and facilities systems, resources consumption, use profiles, management profiles,
climate, other local conditions, etc.
2. Develop a computerized profile of building environmental impacts (energy by
LIDER and CALENER official software; materials and construction waste by TCQ
tool and BEDEC database; water by an hydraulic worksheet
worksheet, etc
etc.).
)
3. Identify design options for environmental impact reduction (energy, water,
materials, waste, etc.) mainly for refurbishing and use phases with a technical,
economic and standard-compliance evaluation.
4. When steps 1, 2 and 3 were completed, realise a new computerized profile of
building impacts corresponding to the expected refurbished scenario and verify (or
not and come back to previous works) if all objectives have been reached (at least
50% of environmental impacts reductions).

15/46
Most important phases of building life cycle

Extraction Production Transport Construction Use and Demolition Disposal


maintenance

1% 65% 0,5%

30% 2% 1,5%

CO2 emissions in the life cycle of buildings. Standard distribution of a


50 years life cycle charges (2.500 Kg/m2 in a multiple dwelling building)

16/46
Project and reference buildings

Refurbishing phase Use phase


(impacts due materials use) (impacts due air cooling, heating, lighting, etc.)

Savings at least 50%

Savings at least 50%

Standard Refurbish whit Existing Refurbish


Refurbish environmental building building whit
model improvements environmental
model improvements

17/46
Impact by impact environmental work: energy

Obj ti
Objective
Reduce both energy consume and its CO2 emissions in the refurbished building
scenario at least 50% when compared to the existing one
one.

Strategies
-Demand reduction, improving thermal characteristics of building skin, structure in
contact to internal air, etc. (insulation, solar protection, infiltration, thermal inertia).
-Efficiency increasing, analysing and, if convenient, replacing facility systems and
appliances for low energy consume ones.
-Use of local resources
resources, evaluating renewable energy possibilities the site could
offer (solar radiation, wind, temperature gaps throughout the day, etc.).
-Building management, determining new systems regulation or use routines if an
energy consume reduction opportunity were identified
identified.

18/46
Impact by impact environmental work: energy

A ti
Actions
1. Roof  2. Improvement of   3. More efficient air 
insulation all windows  conditioning plant  
12. Photovoltaic panels 
12 Photovoltaic panels
in balconies
4. Façade 
insulation

11. Solar 
protections
5. Natural 
ventilation in 
rooms

7. Saving light 
9. Free‐cooling 
systems
in big HVAC 
10. More efficient  systems 6. More efficient  boilers
fan‐coils in rooms
8. Accurate regulation  
for energy systems
19/46
Impact by impact environmental work: energy

P ti l results
Partial lt HVAC + HW (hot water) + L (lighting)
Existing building Refurbishment proposal

B 43,1 KgCO2/m2

D 92,9 KgCO / 2
92 9 K CO2/m

Final energy (kWh/m2): 140,8 Final energy (kWh/m2): 83,5


Primary energy (kWh/m2): 323,3 Primary energy (kWh/m2): 159,0

Energy simulations used the software CALENER (official Spain new buildings efficiency energy certification tool). Special
correction factors were introduced to represent bioclimatic aspects that could not be calculated in a right way for that tool,
like cross ventilation, thermal inertia, etc.

20/46
Impact by impact environmental work: energy

Complementary actions
Energy consumption by use in Palma Beach hotels Source: Balearic Island Government studies

Heating
Hot water
Kitchen
Air conditioning
Lighting
Others

How to reduce the 30% part of energy which is not used in HVAC+HW+L:
-Kitchens, restaurants and bars: hot/fresh water washers and class A refrigerators (up to 65% savings).
-Laundries:
Laundries: hot/fresh water washers (up to 65% savings).
savings)
-Swimming pools and elevators: engine change to direct transmission, variable speed and electronic
regulation systems (up to 30-50% savings).
-Public spaces and rooms: electronic appliances with Energy Star certification (up to 30-75% savings)
-Hotel staff and guests: training and control programs focused on energy, water and garbage reduction in
building use (up to 20% savings).
21/46
Impact by impact environmental work: energy

Fi l results
Final lt
At least 53% energy consume and CO2 emissions reduction could be reached.

100%
RCH existing building

50%
Refurbished scenario (47%)

0%
81,9 KgCO2/m2 38,5 KgCO2/m2

22/46
Impact by impact environmental work: water

Obj ti
Objective
Reduce water consumption in the refurbished building scenario at least 50% when
compared to the existing one
one.

Strategies
-Demand reduction, optimising performance of guests and hotel staff and
redesigning gardens (plants, grass, watering, etc.) for water saving.
-Efficiency improvement, converting, taps, showers, WC discharges, swimming
pools, other appliances to the lowest consume options or, if possible, dry options.
-Local resources use,
use collecting,
collecting storing and using rainwater.
rainwater
-Recycling, purifying, disinfecting and using grey water.

23/46
Impact by impact environmental work: water

Actions
Approach to the current RCH consume: 179 litres/person/day

showers
Local resources use: pool Efficiency
replace water from improvement:
po e e t
net for rainwater. substitution of non-
saving taps, WC
gardening
discharges, showers,
Recycling: replace and other water
laundry appliances.
water from net for
grey water. Reduction of losses
from renovation,
dish washer evaporation
p and
sinks washing in swimming
WC pools.

Source: RCH 14.001 ISO standard declaration


.and statistics from Catalonia Government

24/46
Impact by impact environmental work: water

Results Hydraulic
H d li b balance
l

29% saving, more 
g,
efficient  water 
appliances

6% rainwater 
6% i t
contribution
180 litres/person/day 
(potable water)
16% grey water 
contribution

49% potable water

existing building consume refurbished scenario consume

25/46
Impact by impact environmental work: water

Results
At least 51% potable water consume saving could be reached.

100%
HRC existing building

50%
Refurbished scenario (49%)

0%
180 litres/person/day 88 litres/person/day
26/46
Impact by impact environmental work: materials

Objective
Reduce both production energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the Palma
Beach refurbishing model at least 50% when compared to usual practices
practices.

Strategies
-Keep most of existing materials, repairing and/or refurbishing building systems
instead demolishing and replacing them.
-Reduce both amounts and impacts of materials, which have to be renovated or
added, using building systems with low intensity per unit of service and
recyclable/renewable products
products.
-Decrease maintenance charges, using conservation-free, durable and low impact
materials.

37/46
Impact by impact environmental work: materials

A ti
Actions
Materials to be conserved Materials to be added

Natural but also


Structure renewable materials
Skin
Industrial but also
recyclable materials
Finishes
Reversible joints (to
recover materials at
its end-of-life)

Parts that can be conserved at least 100%


Parts that can be conserved at least 50%

Part to be  Part to be  Total 


Maintenance
conserved added materials

Saved materials Added materials Life cycle materials


28/46
Impact by impact environmental work: materials

R
Results
lt TCQ software using BEDEC database calculations
Palma Beach refurbishing model applied to RCH

42 KgCO2/m2 77 KgCO2/m2 119 KgCO2/m2

Refurbishing materials Maintenance materials (50 years) Life cycle materials

U
Usual
l refurbishing
f bi hi model
d l applied
li d tto RCH

273 KgCO2/m2 401 KgCO2/m2 674 KgCO2/m2

Refurbishing materials Maintenance materials (50 years) Life cycle materials

29/46
Impact by impact environmental work: materials

R
Results
lt
At least 79% energy consumption and CO2 emissions reduction from materials
production could be reached.
p
100%
Usual refurbishing model

50%

Palma Beach refurbishing


g model ((21%))

0%
674 K
KgCO / 2
CO2/m 142 K
KgCO / 2
CO2/m

30/46
Impact by impact environmental work: waste

Objective
Waste with final destination to landfill or burning (materials that can not be recycled)
must decrease 50% from the usual refurbishing level level.

Strategies
-Reduce generation(e.g.: prefabricated and modular systems when possible).
-Reuse waste in site (e.g.: concrete or ceramic crushed into new mixes).
-Recycle
Recycle waste that can not be reused (e.g.:
(e g : metals
metals, glass
glass, etc
etc.))
-Recover energy from waste which can not be reused or recycled but
controlling pollutants (e.g.: wood or plastic mixed with other materials).
-Landfill only waste which can not be reused, recycled or converted in energy
(e.g.: plaster, composites, etc)

31/46
Impact by impact environmental work: waste

Actions
Phase 1
Reduction proposals
- Waste management plan developed in the
project phase (by designers). Phase 2
Amounts and types of waste
Phase 3
Recovery possibilities
Phase 4
- Waste reduction and management plan Management scenarios

executed in the building phase (by constructors).


Phase 5
Final budget

S
Separation
ti and
dddestination
ti ti expected
t d iin th
the P
Palma
l B
Beach
hRRefurbishment
f bi h tMModel:
d l

Type of waste Final destination


Ceramic and stone Recycling
Metal Recycling
Wood Recycling
Glass Recycling
Plastic film Recycling
Paper and cardboard Recycling
Plaster Landfilling
Others Depending on material types
Domestic materials Landfilling or burning
32/46
Impact by impact environmental work: waste

Expected results
Building systems keys: less waste, recyclable materials
Terrazzo flooring 4,79 Kg/m2
Project
P j t phase:
h select
l tb building
ildi
materials that generates less
waste and design a plan for its
Cork flooring 0,86 Kg/m2 reduction and management

Selective separation task by task

Building phase: run a plan


capable to control and effectively
Recycling (e.g.: concrete) separate waste task by task
ensuring to get technical recycling
conditions.

33/46
Impact by impact environmental work: waste

Fi l results
Final lt scenario
i
At least 54% waste (non-recyclable material land filled and/or burned) reduction
could be reached.

100%

Usual refurbising model

50%

Palma Beach refurbishing model

0%
65% landfilling/incineration 30% landfilling/incineration
34/46
Impact by impact environmental work: garbage

Objective
Garbage with final destination to landfill or burning (materials which can not be
recycled) have to be at least 50% less than current situation
situation.

Strategies The hotel already has 
facilities for management
facilities for management 
-Reduce generation (green procurement, training and separation and usually 
works in reduction of 
programs for guests and hotel staff, etc.). generation (ISO/EMAS)

-Recycle (paper and cardboard, plastics light packaging,


glass and vegetal
g g oil).
) It depends on public 
administration and waste
administration and waste 
-Compost (organics). managers (not  only on the 
building facilities and/or 
-Recover energy from garbage which can not be its management.)
recycled but can be burned controlling pollutants
pollutants.

35/46
Impact by impact environmental work: garbage

Actions
RCH garbage management (2008)
Garbage type Weight (Kg) % In‐place treatment Recycled %
Organic 45.207 53,3% No selective pick up 0 0,0%
Others 19.374 22,8% Selective pick up 0 0,0% Reduce generation
Paper and cardboard 9.914 11,7% Selective pick up 7.931 9,4%
Light packaging 2.550 3,0% No selective pick up 0 0,0%
Glass 7.319 8 6% Selective pick up
8,6% 6.587 7,8% Selective separation and also
Vegetal oil 300 0,4% Special management 240 0,3%
selective pick up
Toxics and pollutants 135 0,2% Special management 0 0,0
Total 84.799 100,0% 14.758 17,4%
T t l/
Total/person/day
/d 0 92
0,92
Source: Environmental declaration of the RCH 2008 (ISO 14.001 standards)

Mallorca island garbage management (2008)


D i i
Destination W i h (
Weight (tons) 
) % D i i
Destination %
Landfill 2338.041 32,5%
Not recycled 74% Improve recycling and
Energy recovery 305.489 41,7% compost efficiency by city
Compost 128.621 17,6% garbage
g g managersg
Recycled 26%
Recycling 55.594 8,1%
Total 549.904 100%
Source: Mallorca Council
36/46
Impact by impact environmental work: garbage

Expected
p results scenario
The key for selective separation increasing is to change the ‘street containers’
based model to ‘door to door pick up’ model. It can improve separated garbage
easy to recycling or composting from 35% (containers) to 80% (door by door)
door).
10% Hotel: less generation 
17%
reciclado throughout  green procurement 
recycled
0 92 Kg/person/day
0,92 Kg/person/day and management policy
and management policy.

48%
reciclado
recycled
y
EExternal managers: increase 
t l i
83% both recycling and composting 
no reciclado of organic, paper,  glass and 
not
recycled light packaging.

41%
no reciclado
not Garbage which can not be 
recycled composted or recycled.

current scenario future scenario


37/46
Impact by impact environmental work: garbage

Fi l results
Final lt scenario
i
At least 50% garbage (non-recyclable material land filled and/or burned) reduction
could be reached.
100%
Current situation

50%
Future situation

0%
0 76 Kg/person/day1
0,76 0 38 Kg/person/day
0,38
1 Garbage generated less garbage recycled and/or composted.
38/46
50 years life cycle CO2 emissions: total and by phase

Existing building Refurbished building


(Palma Beach Model)
1,03%
1,89% Materials production
Extr. y fab. mats.
5,62% 1,99%
8,26% 3,65%
0,31% 0,33% Transport
Transporte
0,45%
0,95%
Refurbishing
Obra rehab.

Use ((HVAC+HW+L))
Uso (Clim+ACS+ilum)

Mantenimento
Maintenance

Derribo
Demolition
84 33%
84,33%
91,19%

4.856 KgCO2/m2 2.111 KgCO2/m2

39/46
Final results per indicator: objectives accomplishment

Palma Beach
objectives level

40/46
Refurbishment costs
costs, invest recovery,
recovery savings
Refurbishment costs: global and by indicator
Total € € Energy € Materials € Water € Waste
3.134.555,98 1.495.183,20 1.423.088,42 216.284,36 0,00
100% 47,7% 45,4% 6,9% 0%

€/m2 €/m2 €/m2 €/m2 €/m2


308,91 147,35 140,25 21,31 0,00

Invest recovery
y (annual energy price growth 1,5%, financial interest rate 5%)
Skin improvement                          Facilities  improvement
Building works investment:                        € 457.523                    € 532.843 
Materials lifespan:                                        75 years                       25 years
Invest recovery:
Invest recovery:                                             13 years                      
13 years 16 years
16 years
Benefits in 20 years:                                    € 202.381                     € 127.068

Energy
gy and CO2 emissions savings
g

41/46
The HRC won the 2010 Property Hotel Award

42/46
The HRC after partial refurbishing
(summer 2010, partially following the Palma Beach Refurbishing Model)

43/46
Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification

Criteria for hotel buildings


SUSTAINABILITY mandatory/optional
ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE                                         7/12
WATER                                                      7/10
MATERIALS
MATERIALS                                                                      3/16  
3/16
WASTE                                                                              3/12

INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY           mandatory/optional
THERMAL COMFORT                                                      1/1 
/
AIR QUALITY                                                                     4/8
NATURAL LIGHTING                                                        1/1
ACOUSTIC
ACOUSTIC                                                                         1/1
1/1

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT           mandatory/optional
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY                                              3/3  
BUILDING MANAGEMENT                                            4/10
GUESTS                                                                              1/1
HOTEL STAFF 2/4
SUPPLIERS                                                                        3/9

44/46
Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification

Evaluation results presentation: comparative

CO2 emissions, built area Water consumption


CO2 emissions (%)

nsumption ((%)
Water con
Existing building Refurbished building Existing building Refurbished building

CO2 emissions, existing building Water consumption, existing building


CO2 emissions, refurbished building Water consumption, refurbished building

46/46
Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification

Evaluation results presentation: global

Building sustainability

Environmental management Indoor environment quality

Accomplished criteria Total criteria Minimum criteria

46/46

Вам также может понравиться