MICR

CAMPYLOBACTER
O

PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT, PREVENTION AND

BACTERIA EPIDEMIOLOGY VIRULENCE FACTORS
IMMUNITY CONTROL
Characteristics • Contaminated  Infectious dose and Cellular Components  Gastroenteritis:
• Gram-negative poultry accounts for host immunity  Endotoxin • Self-limiting; Replace fluids and
• Helical (spiral or curved) morphology; Tend to be pleomorphic more than half of the determine whether  Flagellum: Motility electrolytes
camylobacteriosis cases gastroenteric disease • Antibiotic treatment can shorten
• Characteristics that facilitate penetration and colonization  Adhesins: Mediate
in developed develops the excretion period;
of mucosal environments (e.g., motile by polar flagella; attachment to mucosa
countries but different • Some people Erythromycin is drug of
corkscrew shape)  Invasins
epidemiological picture infected with as few choice for severe or
• Microaerophilic atmospheric requirements in developing countries as 500 organisms  GBS is associated with C. complicated enteritis &
• Become coccoid when exposed to oxygen or upon prolonged • In U.S. and developed while others need jejuni serogroup O19 bacteremia; Fluroquinolones are
culture >106 CFU  S-layer protein highly active (e.g., ciprofloxacin
countries: Peak
 Pathogenesis not fully “microcapsule” in C. was becoming drug of choice)
• Neither ferment nor oxidize carbohydrates incidence in children characterized fetus: but fluoroquinolone
below one year of age • No good animal resistance has developed
History and young adults (15- model Extracellular Components rapidly since the mid-1980s
• First isolated as Vibrio fetus in 1909 from spontaneous abortions 24 years old) • Damage (ulcerated,  Enterotoxins apparently related to
in livestock edematous and  Cytopathic toxins unrestricted use and the use of
• Campylobacter enteritis was not recognized until the mid- • In developing bloody) to the enrofloxacin in poultry
1970s when selective isolation media were developed for countries where
mucosal surfaces • Azithromycin was effective in
culturing campylobacters from human feces of the jejunum, recent human clinical trials
campylobacters are ileum, colon
• Most common form of acute infectious diarrhea in hyperendemic:
• Control should be directed at
developed countries; Higher incidence than Salmonella & • Inflammatory domestic animal reservoirs and
Symptomatic disease process consistent interrupting transmission to
Shigella combined
occurs in young children with invasion of the humans
• In the U.S., >2 million cases annually, an annual incidence close
to the 1.1% observed in the United Kingdom; Estimated 200- and persistent, organisms into the  Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
700 deaths asymptomatic carriage intestinal tissue; M- • Favorable prognosis with
in adults cell (Peyer’s optimal supportive care
Morphology and Physiology patches) uptake and • Intensive-care unit for 33% of
presentation of cases
• Small, thin (0.2 - 0.5 um X 0.5 - 5.0 um), helical (spiral or antigen to
curved) cells with typical gram-negative cell wall; “Gull- underlying lymphatic
winged” appearance system
o Tendency to form coccoid & elongated forms on prolonged  Non-motile & adhesin-
culture or when exposed to O2 lacking strains are
• Distinctive rapid darting motility avirulent
o Long sheathed polar flagellum at one (polar) or both
(bipolar) ends of the cell
o Motility slows quickly in wet mount preparation
• Microaerophilic & capnophilic 5%O2,10%CO2,85%N2
• Thermophilic (42-43C) (except C. fetus)
o Body temperature of natural avian reservoir
• May become nonculturable in nature

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

…The principle of alchemy is “exact exchange.” If we want to do something, we have to pay a cost. ^_^ shar ^_^
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MICR
CAMPYLOBACTER
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• Low incidence potential sequela

• Reactive, self-limited, autoimmune disease
• Campylobacter jejuni most frequent antecedent pathogen
• Immune response to specific O-antigens cross-reacts with
ganglioside surface components of peripheral nerves
(molecular or antigenic mimicry)
o Acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (85% of
cases) from cross reaction with Schwann-cells or myelin
o Acute axonal forms of GBS (15% of cases) from molecular
mimicry of axonal membrane

…The principle of alchemy is “exact exchange.” If we want to do something, we have to pay a cost. ^_^ shar ^_^
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