Design and Implementation of Temperature Controlled Robot

Abstract:

In this project, an approach of designing and implementing a ‘Temperature Controlled Car’ is

proposed. The devices which work using solar energy are to be kept at a fixed position where the
maximum amount of heat or solar energy can be obtained by them. As the position of the solar
energy source (like sun) moves, the amount of solar energy obtained by the device changes,
rather as the time passes, the intensity of solar radiation falling on the device reduces. Thus we
need to move the solar energy devices to corresponding positions so as to obtain the maximum
amount of solar energy. Thus, the main objective of designing the ‘Temperature Controlled
Car’ is to move the car in that direction where the maximum heat is sensed. The position of the
car is controlled in such a way that the car senses the hottest area and moves towards the
corresponding direction according to the program burned into the Microcontroller 89C51.

In the designing of Temperature Controlled Car, we have used four temperature sensors
(LM35) which are placed at four sides of the car. The LM35 sensors send the temperature outputs
to the signal conditioner (LM324) in the form of electrical signals, which gets amplified. The
amplified signal is then sent to the 8-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (0808). The select lines for
the ADC are provided by the Microcontroller, according to which the values of temperature
sensors are selected, obtained and converted to 8-bit digital values. These digital values of the
temperatures are stored in the registers of Microcontroller (89C51). The 89C51 is programmed in
such a way that it compares all the four values of the temperatures obtained and finds the largest
value amongst all. We find the corresponding sensor which has sensed the largest value and
provide the corresponding signal to activate the Motor Driver IC (L293D). According to the
programming on 89C51, the motor driver moves forward, backward, left or right. In this way the
Temperature Controlled Car senses the hottest part in a given region.

The temperature sensors used in this system are LM35 sensors, which has a temperature range of
-55 ºC to +150 ºC. LM35 sensors sense the heat and can convert it directly to its equivalent
current and has +10mV/°C scale factor. Thus this sensor can be directly calibrated into ° Celsius.
In this system we have used four LM35 sensors which are placed at four sides of the car. All the
corresponding outputs of the sensors are amplified using Signal Conditioner (LM324). The gain
of the signal conditioner is 2. The output voltage is thus proportional to the temperature obtained.
The output of the signal conditioner has a scale factor of 20mV/ ºC. All the four outputs of the
signal conditioner are provided as inputs to the Analog - to - Digital Converter (ADC 0808).
When select lines are provided by the Microcontroller 89c51 to the ADC, the conversion of the
analog temperature to its digital value occurs. The controlling of the car according to the
temperature is done with the help of Microcontroller 89c51. The output values of all the four ICs,
which are connected to the four sides of the car, are then stored in the registers of the
Microcontroller IC after conversion into digital values from ADC. Within Microcontroller 89c51
the comparison among all the temperature outputs is done to find which IC senses the maximum
temperature according to the programming burned in 89c51. The signal is then sent to the Motor

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 Control IC (motor driver L293D), according to which the car will move in that direction
(depending upon the temperature gradient) where the maximum temperature among all the ICs
used is obtained. An LCD display is connected to the microcontroller which displays the value of
the corresponding temperatures of the four temperature ICs.

Block Diagram:

The block diagram for the Temperature Controlled Car System is as follows:

Port 2 Motor

Signal Cond.1
Sensor1 (LM35) P0.5
(LM324) Motor driver
P0.6
P0.7 (L293D)
P0.8
Signal Cond.2 Analog to
Sensor2 (LM35)
(LM324) Digital Motor
Converter Micro
Signal Cond.3 Controller
Sensor3 (LM35) ADC0808 (89C51)
(LM324)
Port 3
Signal Cond.4 P1.3
Sensor4 (LM35)
(LM324) P1.5

Select lines of ADC LCD Display

RS R/W E

P1.6 P1.7 P1.8

Fig. 1

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Flow Chart:

The following is the flowchart for the temperature controlled car system.

Start

Select the select lines of ADC (P1)

Send SOC (P1.1) & ALE and Clear EOC Pulse

Set 10 clock cycles (P1.0)

Check the status of EOC

No

Is EOC=1?

Yes

Initialize OE (P1.3)

Read the Data from ADC (P2.0-P2.7)

Store value in register of microcontroller

Find the largest temperature value

Find the corresponding sensor having the largest value

Set motor driver accordingly to move the motor in desired direction

End

Fig. 2