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PROBLEM STATEMENT

We have to make software which can perform all the basic functions that should be th
The purpose of this software is to simulate a GSM (Global System For Mobile) mobile
system.. ere in a mobile phone. Some of these functions are
1) Making Calls
2) Receiving Calls
3) Sending Messages
4) Receiving Messages
5) Maintain SIM Information
6) Roaming Management

The mobile phone should be capable of accessing the base tower center wirelessly and
interact with it according to the function performed as and when required. It should be
able to handle two different frequencies at the same time as when we would be making or
receiving calls we would need different frequencies to send and receive data. The mobile
phone should have its information numbers i.e. the set of characteristics that would
distinguish it on the network. These characteristics could be
• IMEI number
• IMSI number
• model number
• Phone number
• EMI number

These characteristics would have to be send to the main service center where all this
information will be stored in the databases whenever the SIM card is activated. The
mobile will be searched by its phone number whenever there is a call made to it. All
the BTS (Base Tower Center) will be sent the phone number and then it will be found
in whose access area is that phone located and hence a call will be made active
between the two cell phones.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
SPECIFICATION
(SRS)

1. INTRODUCTION
This document aims at defining the overall specifications for GLOBAL SYSTEM
FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION. Efforts have been made to define the
requirements exhaustively and accurately. The final product will be having only
features/ functionalities mentioned in this document and assumptions for any
additional functionality should not be made by any parties involved in the developing
of this product.

1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this Software Requirements Specification is to describe our proposed
software system called GSM-TECH. GSM-TECH is to provide a means by which a
user can communicate with other user through SMSes and Calls and to maintain the SIM
information and manage the above specified functions while roaming.

1.2 Scope
This new technology will provide advanced solutions for communication among users. It
will allow the users to communicate through GSM Technology quickly and easily. The
whole GSM system consists of a Mobile Station, a Base Station System, a Network
Station Subsystem, a Short Message Service Internetworking Mobile Switching Center, a
Short Message Service Center and a Short Message Service Gateway Message Switching
Center. The Mobile Station consists of a Mobile Equipment and a SIM Card. The Base
Station Subsystem consists of a Base transceiver Station and a Base Station Controller.
The Network and Switching Subsystem consists of a Mobile Switching Center, Visitor
Location Register, a Home Location Register and an Authentication Center.

1.3REFRENCES
Wikipedia

1.4 Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations

• Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM) - It is digital wireless


network standard that provides a common set of compatible services capabilities
to common users.

• Mobile Station – MS

• Mobile Equipment - ME

• SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) – is a smart card that is inserted in a ME.

• Base Station System – The BSS connects the MS and the NSS
• Base transceiver Station – The BTS consists of transmitter, receiver and the
signaling equipment to contact the MSs via Radio Interface.

• Base Station Controller – The BSC is responsible for the switching functions in
the BSS and is in turn connected to the MSC in NSS

• Network and Switching Subsystem – The NSS supports the switching functions,
subscriber profiles and mobility management.

• Mobile Switching Center – The MSC perform the basic switching function in
the NSS. The MSC communicates with other networks also using the signaling
protocols.

• Gateway MSC - GMSC

• Home Location Register – The HLR is the location register to which an MS


identity is assigned for record purposes such as directory number, profile
information, current location and validation period.

• Visitor Location Register – The VLR is the location register that stores the
temporary record for the mobile user, when the mobile user visits other networks

• Authentication Center – The AuC is used in the security data management for
the authentication of subscribers.

• User Interface - The part of the system that all users interact with. The User
Interface both receives input from and displays results to the user. The user
interface is the Mobile equipment.

• Personal Communications Services – The PCS refers to a wide variety of


wireless access and personal mobility services provided through a small terminal,
with the goal of enabling communications at any time.

• Public Switched Telephone Network – The PSTN connects many PCSes to


provide access to wireless telephones.

• Short Message Service Internetworking MSC – SMS IWMSC

• Short Message Service Center – The SMS is first delivered to the SM-SC.

• SMS GMSC - The SM-SC is connected to the GSM network through a specific
GSM MSC called the Short Message Service Gateway MSC. The SMS GMSC
locates the current MSC of the message receiver and forwards the message to that
MSC.
• PIN – Pin Identification Number

• PUK – PIN Unblocking Key

• n/w - network

1.5 Overview

This document is organized into major sections that will include our development
approach, time scheduling and project schedule as well as more technical specifications.
To get a better idea of how the software will operate the technical aspect of the document
will detail the uses for the system into use cases and a small explanation for each.

2 OVERALL DESCRIPTIONS

The proposed GSM-TECH system satisfies all standards that we have established for our
products. It will be functional, secure, and easy to use.

2.1 Product perspective

The application will be a system in which the user will interact with the GSM network
through a small display in the ME.

2.1.1 System Interface


BSS

2.1.2 User Interface

The application will have a user-friendly and menu based interface.

2.1.3 Hardware Interface

The hardware interface is a ME that may or may not be connected to the US based
keyboard and should have buttons marked from 0-9.

2.1.4 Software Interfaces

The ME is Java based system and a menu based equipment.


A decoder to decode the message.
An encoder to encode the message.

2.1.5 Communication Interfaces

Radio Interface
A-Interface
SIM
BTS
BSC
MSC
AuC

2.1.6 Memory Constraints

For ME: As specified by the developer (specified: 500 KB)


For Network Operator: Depending on the Number of subscriber (specified: 500 GB)

2.1.7 Operations

This product release will have a back-up database that will be handled directly by the
network operator that will contain the information of the subscriber.

2.1.8 Site Adaptation Requirements

The terminals at the other user sites will have to support the hardware and software
interfaces in above sections.

2.2 Product functions

The requested product will allow:


• Making Calls. The user can make calls to any person who is connected to the
GSM network.
• Receiving Calls. The user can receive calls from any person who is connected to
the GSM network.
• Sending Messages. The user can send messages to anyone who is connected to the
GSM network.
• Receiving Messages. The user can receive messages from any person who is
connected to the GSM network.
• Maintain SIM Information. The SIM contains information such as PIN number,
PUK number, Customized Calling Numbers, the Messages received and the
names of the preferred networks.
• Roaming Management. The Message Switching Center maintains the location of
the Mobile Equipment on its own.

All the users have to first enter the PIN number on the mobile display screen the first
time the user Enter the SIM card, in order to activate the SIM Card login before using the
GSM system. All users will have a password-secured access to the network. Each user
can change the PIN number through his ME.
If for the first three time the user enters the wrong PIN then he/she has to enter the PUK
number in hi ME. This PUK number is provided to the user by the network operator.

2.3 User Characteristics

GSM-TECH will have an easy to use menu-driven interface. Even users without any
experience will be able to learn how to operate the system in no time.

2.4 Constraints

The ME will not be able to handle large amount of data.

2.6 Apportioning Of Requirements

In the near future there will be call charges as per the network operator specifications.
Also some added functionalities are bound to come.

3 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

In this section all the requirements are specified in detail to make the SRS complete.

3.1 External Interface

3.1.1 User Details

The user is an actor who acts at the MS to interact with the system.
The user is provided by a 10-digit mobile number by the network operator to identify the
user. The user’s details purposes such as directory number profile information current
location and validation period are stored in the HLR that is used during the verification
and to know the current location of the user. The user related data also include a list of
information such as Customized Calling Numbers, the Messages received and the names
of the preferred networks.

3.1.2 Hardware Interface

As stated in 2.1.3

3.1.3 Software Interfaces

As stated in 2.1.4

3.1.4 Communication Interfaces

As stated in 2.1.5

3.2 Functions

3.2.1 To Maintain SIM Information

The SIM is protected by a Personal Identification Number (PIN) between four to eight
digits in length. The PIN is initially loaded by the network operator at the subscription
time. This PIN can be changed or deactivated by the user. All the users have to first enter
the PIN number on the mobile display screen the first time the user Enter the SIM card, in
order to activate the SIM Card login before using the GSM system. All users will have a
password-secured access to the network. Each user can change the PIN number through
his ME.
If for the first three times the user enters the wrong PIN then he/she has to enter the PUK
number in hi ME. This PUK number is provided to the user by the network operator.
A SIM contains the subscriber-related information, including PIN and PUK Codes. The
subscriber related data also include a list of information such as Customized Calling
Numbers, the Messages received and the names of the preferred networks.

3.2.2 Making and Receiving Calls

Registration process
Before a user makes a call the ME must be registered by the VLR of the visited location.
The HLR must also be informed about this registration. To access the MS, the HLR is
queried to find the current VLR of the MS.
This registration process is given as-:
• The MS periodically listens to the broadcast frequency from the BTS. If the MS
detects that it has entered a new the mobile phone networklocation area, it sends a
registration message to the new VLR using the Standalone Dedicated Control
Channel that is used for signal processing and for short messages.
• The new VLR communicates with the old VLR to find the HLR of the MS. The
new VLR then performs the authentication process.
• After the process is authenticated, the new VLR send the registration messages to
the HLR. If the registration request is accepted the HLR provides the new VLR
with all relevant subscriber information for call handling.
• The new VLR informs the MS of the successful registration.
• After the new VLR is registered, the HLR sends a deregistration message to the
old VLR. The old VLR cancels the record for the MS and sends an
acknowledgement to the HLR for the cancellation.

Make Calls
The process of making calls (outgoing calls) is given as-:

• The user dials the telephone number, presses the send or talk key.
• The mobile phone sends a call setup request message to the visited MSC. This
is done via BTS and the BSC. The BSC is connected to the MSC through the
A Interface.
• The MSC is switch that queires the HLR to find the current VLR of the MS.
The HLR queries the VLR in which the MS resides to get a a temporary
number from the VLR routable address.
• The VLR returns the routable address to the orignating switch that is the MSC
through the HLR.
• This number is relayed to the Gateway MSC, which uses it to route the call to
another Mobile Switching Center, called the Visiting MSC.
• Based on the routable address, a voice circuit is set up from the orignating
switch to the MS through the visited MSC.

Receive Calls
The proceess of receiving calls (incoming calls) is given as-:
• When someone places a call to a mobile phone, they dial the telephone
number associated with the phone user and the call is routed to the mobile
phone operator's Gateway Mobile Switching Centre. The Gateway MSC,
as the name suggests, acts as the "entrance" from the Public Switched
Telephone Network to the provider's network.
• The HLR then queries the VLR and requests a temporary number from the
VLR.
• When the call is received by the Visiting MSC, the temporary number is
used to find the phone's record in the Visited Location Register. This
record identifies the phone's location area and the exact location of the
mobile is returned to the Visited MSC.
• The VMSC then forwards the call to the appropriate phone, and the phone
rings.
• The subscriber then answers the call and a speech path is created through
the Visiting MSC and Gateway MSC back to the network of the person
making the call, and a normal telephone call follows.

3.2.3 Send and Receive SMS

Sending and receiving messages occur simultaneously.


The steps in sending and receiving a message are as follows-:
• The originating MS that sends the SMS is first transferred to the SMS-IWMSC.
• From there the message is delivered to SM-SC.
• The SM-SC is connected to the SMS GMSC

• The SMS GMSC finds the current location of the MSC of the message receiver
and forwards the message to the MSC.
• The MSC then broadcasts the message to the BSS and the BTS page the
destination MS.
• The destination MS contains a special software to decode the message and to
store the message at the MS.

3.2.4 Roaming Management

When the mobile user visits other network other than the home system, the user is
associated with the VLR of the visited system where a temporary record for the mobile
user is created. The mobile user is registered at the new VLR.
The registration process is described in the following steps-:
• When the mobile user moves from one visited system to another, it must register
in the VLR in the new visited system.
• The new VLR informs the mobile user’s HLR of the person’s current location-
the address of the new VLR. The HLR sends an acknowledgement, which
includes the MS’s profile, to the new VLR.
• The new VLR informs the MS of the successful registration.
• After the new VLR is registered, the HLR sends a deregistration message to the
old VLR. The old VLR cancels the record for the MS and sends an
acknowledgement to the HLR for the cancellation.
3.5 Software System Attributes

3.5.1 Security

Security will be achieved by ensuring that each user's enter the PIN correctly.
If for the first three times the PIN number is not entered correctly the SIM is blocked
automatically. To unblock the SIM the user has to enter the PUK number that is provided
by the network operator.

3.5.2 Maintainability

The application will be designed in a maintainable manner.

3.5.3 Portability
The application will be easily portable on any Windows based system has the MS-Office
installed.

3.5.4 Reliability

The system will be very much reliable

3.5.5 Availability

As per the Rules and Regulations of the government.

3.6 DATABASE

3.6.1 HLR
The HLR is database used for mobile user information management.
The HLR consists of three type of information:
• Mobile Station Information – such as the phone number.
• Location Information – such as the address of the VLR where the MS resides.
• Service Information – such as the service subscription, service restriction and
supplementary services.

3.6.2 VLR
The VLR is the database of the service area visited by an MS. The VLR contains
all subscriber data of an MS required for call handling and other purposes. Similar
to the HLR, the VLR information consists of three parts:
• Mobile Station Information – such as the phone number.
• Location Information – such as the MSC number and the location area ID.
• Service Information – which is the subset of the service information stored
in the HLR?

4 Document Approval
As per stated by the government.

5 Supporting Information
GSM-TECH has examined the needs of GSM and has produced an efficient plan to
create a comprehensive system to handle calls and messages. Due to our experience with
software development, we are confident that this system will meet our high quality
standards of being user friendly, secure, and reliable. Our management plan forecasts that
we will have time to facilitate plenty of customer feedback during development, and
deliver a satisfactory finished product to GSM operators on or before the scheduled date.
USE-CASE DIAGRAM

A c t iva t e S IM < < e x te n d > >

R e g is t e r S IM

M a k e a n d R e c e ive C a lls

M o b ile s t a t io n

S e n d a n d R e c e ive S M S

R o a m in g M a n a g e m e n t
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

ACTIVATE
SEND SIM MAKE
SMS CALLS

GSM
SYSTEM

RECEIV
E SMS RECEIV
E CALLS

GSM
SYSTEM

LEVEL - 0
MOBILE MSC
Activate Make
STATION
SIM Calls
I

HLR
Find
Location
of MS II
VLR

Receive
d at MS
II

MOBILE Call
STATION diverte
II d to
MS II

DFD LEVEL I
MAKING AND RECEIVING OF
CALLS
MOBILE MSC
Activate Send
STATION
SIM SMS
I

HLR
Find
Location
of MS II
VLR

Receive
d at MS
II

MOBILE SMS
STATION directe
II d to
MS II

DFD LEVEL I
SENDING AND RECEIVING OF SMS
INTERACTION DIAGRAM (ACTIVATE SIM)

SIM PUK MSC


: Mobile station

Enter PIN Code


Verify PIN Code

Incorrect

Block the ME and ask for the PUK Code

Request for PUK Code

After verification of user provide PUK Code to user

Enter PUK Code

Verify PUK Code

correct, then activate SIM

Activated

not correct, keep blocking the SIM


INTERACTION DIAGRAM (REGISTER SIM)

: Mobile station New VLR Old VLR HLR

Periodically check for Broadcast Frequency

new frequency detected, send request of Registration to the new VLR

Asks old VLR for the location of HLR

Perform Authentication Process

Registration accepted by HLR

Provides with all relevant subscriber information for call handling

Informs of successful registration process


Send deregistration message
INTERACTION DIAGRAM
(MAKE AND RECEIVE CALLS)

MSC HLR VLR Visiting MSC


: Mobile station

Dial number

Call routed to MSC

Queries the HLR about the location of VLR

Quiries VLR to get a a temporary number from the VLR routable address

Returns the routable address

Number Relayed to visiting MSC

Find the current location of destination VLR

Call directed to the destination MS


INTERACTION DIAGRAM
(SEND AND RECEIVE SMS)

SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC SM-SC MSC
: Mobile station

Send SMS

Mssage is forwrded

Message reforwaded

Get the current location of the MSC of the receiver

Receive the current location of the MSC of the receiver

Broadcast the message to the Destination MS via BSC and BTS

Decode the received message


INTERACTION DIAGRAM
(ROAMING MANAGEMENT)

: Mobile station New VLR Old VLR


HLR

user moves to new area, send request of Registration to the new VLR

Asks old VLR for the location of HLR

Perform Authentication Process

Registration accepted by HLR

Provides with all relevant subscriber information for call handling

Informs of successful registration process

Send deregistration message

Cancels all previous User's record


ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

Authentication

Register
Sim

Make Call New VLR sends


Send
registration request to HLR
Message

HLR register
Call diverted Message directed to SM-SC new VLR
to MSC via SMS-IWMSC

Destination Message forwarded to HLR registers


MSC found SMS-GMSC new VLR

New VLR confirms the


Visited MSC Message forwarded to MS of registration
divert call to MS destination MSC

Destination

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