Bruce Lee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Bruce_Lee

Bruce Lee
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Lee.

Bruce Lee (Jun Fan, 李振藩, 李小龍; pinyin: Lǐ Zhènfān,

Lǐ Xiăolóng; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973) was a Bruce Lee
Chinese American and Hong Kong actor, martial artist,
philosopher, film director, screenwriter, practitioner of
Wing Chun and founder of the Jeet Kune Do concept. He
is considered by many as the most influential martial artist
of the 20th century, and a cultural icon.[2] He is the father
of actor Brandon Lee and of actress Shannon Lee. He was
named by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most
influential people of the 20th century.

Lee was born in San Francisco, California, and raised in

Hong Kong until his late teens. His Hong Kong and
Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong
Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and
acclaim, and sparked the second major surge of interest in
Chinese martial arts in the West. The direction and tone
of his films changed and influenced martial arts and
martial arts films in Hong Kong and the rest of the world
as well. He is noted for his roles in five feature length Bruce Lee
films, Lo Wei's The Big Boss (1971) and Fist of Fury Chinese 李小龍 (Traditional)
(1972); Way of the Dragon (1972), directed and written name
by Bruce Lee; Warner Brothers' Enter the Dragon Chinese 李小龙 (Simplified)
(1973), directed by Robert Clouse, and The Game of name
Death (1978). Pinyin Lǐ Xiǎolóng (Mandarin)
Jyutping lei5 siu2 lung4 (Cantonese)
Lee became an iconic figure, particularly among the
Birth name Lee Jun Fan
Chinese, as he portrayed Chinese national pride and
李振藩 (Traditional)
Chinese nationalism in his movies.[3] While Lee initially
李振藩 (Simplified)
trained in Wing Chun, he later rejected well-defined Lǐ Zhènfān (Mandarin)
martial art styles, favoring instead to utilize useful lei5 zan3 faan4 (Cantonese)
techniques from various sources.[4] Ancestry Shunde, Guangdong, China
Origin Hong Kong
Born November 27, 1940
San Francisco, California, USA
Contents Died July 20, 1973 (aged 32)
Hong Kong
1 Early life Years active 1941–1973
1.1 Education and family Spouse(s) Linda Emery (born 1945) (1964-1973)
1.2 Names
2 Acting career

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3 Hong Kong legacy Children Brandon Lee (1965–1993)

4 Martial arts training and development Shannon Lee (born 1969)
4.1 Wing Chun Parents Lee Hoi-chuen (1901-1965)
4.2 Jun Fan Gung Fu Grace Ho
4.3 Jeet Kune Do Official site Bruce Lee Foundation
4.3.1 Controversy over Jeet Kune (http://www.bruceleefoundation.com/)
Do The Official Website of Bruce Lee
(http://www.brucelee.com/)
5 Guest at 1964 and 1967 Long Beach
International Karate Championships Awards
6 Fights Hong Kong Film Awards
7 Physical fitness and nutrition Lifetime Achievement Award
7.1 Physical fitness 1994 [1]
7.2 Nutrition Golden Horse Awards
8 Philosophy Best Mandarin Film
9 Awards and honors 1972 Fist of Fury [1]
10 Martial arts lineage
11 Death
12 Media
12.1 Books authored
12.2 Selected filmography
12.2.1 Film
12.2.2 Television
13 See also
14 Notes
15 References
16 External links

Early life
Bruce Lee was born on November 27, 1940, in the Year of the Dragon according to the Chinese zodiac
calendar, at the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco’s Chinatown.[5] His father, Lee Hoi-Chuen (李海泉), was
Chinese, and his Catholic mother, Grace Ho (何愛瑜), was of three quarters Chinese and a quarter German
ancestry.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Lee and his parents returned to Hong Kong when he was three months old.[12][13]
There is uncertainty about his citizenship; he definitely had HK citizenship, US citizenship, and he may have
been a Chinese citizen.

Lee Hoi Chuen was one of the leading Cantonese opera and film actors at the time, and he was embarking on a
year-long Cantonese opera performing tour, with his family, amongst the US Chinese communities on the eve of
the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong during the Second World War. As touring was an extremely profitable
business back then, Lee had been touring the United States for many years. Although a number of his peers
decided to stay in the US this time to ride out the storm, Lee decided to go back to Hong Kong after his wife
gave birth to their fourth child, due partially to homesickness and partially to a miscalculation on his part.
Within months, Hong Kong was invaded (at the same time of the Pearl Harbor attack) and the Lees lived the
ensuing 3 years and 8 months under brutal Japanese occupation. The Lee family managed to survive the war
and actually had done reasonably well. Lee Hoi Chuen would resume his acting career and become an even
bigger star during the ensuing rebuilding years.

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Bruce Lee's mother Grace belonged to one of wealthiest and most powerful clans in Hong Kong, the Ho Tungs.
She was the niece of Sir Robert Ho Tung, patriarch of the clan. As such, the young Bruce Lee grew up in an
affluent and privileged environment.

At the age of 13 Bruce Lee began more formal study of Kung Fu lessons of Wing Chun with Yip Man. Having
learned the basics of Wing Chun with his father, Bruce showed a keen interest in the art and a year later in
1955, had private training with the man who would later become the President of the Australian Federation of
Kung Fu, William Cheung [14] [15]. At this same time the martial artist Wong Shun Leung, who was consistently
involved with the dangerous and brutal beimo competitions[16], had Bruce Lee privately training with him as
well [17]. Both Wong Shun Leung and William Cheung were students of Yip man in his school at the same time
as the young Bruce Lee[18] [19].

Despite the advantage of his family's status during his youth the Hong Kong neighborhood he grew up in was
dangerous and full of gang rivalry.

"Post war Hong Kong was a tough place to grow up. Gangs ruled the city streets and Lee was often forced to
fight them. But Bruce liked a challenge and faced his adversaries head on. To his parents dismay Bruce's street
fighting continued and the violent nature of his confrontations was escalating."[20]

Reaching all the way to his late teens Lee's street fights frequented more and included beating up the son of a
feared triad family, until finally Lee's father decided for him to leave Hong Kong to pursue a safer and healthier
avenue in the U.S.

"The police detective came and he says 'Excuse me Mr. Lee, your son is really fighting bad in school. If he gets
into just one more fight I might have to put him in jail'."[21] --Robert Lee

Education and family

After attending Tak Sun School (德信學校) (a couple of blocks from his home at 218 Nathan Road, Kowloon)
Lee entered the primary school division of La Salle College (喇沙書院) in 1950 or 1952 (at the age of 12). In
around 1956, due to poor academic performance (or possibly poor conduct as well), he was transferred to St.
Francis Xavier's College (聖芳濟書院) (high school) where he would be mentored by Brother Edward, a
Catholic monk (originally from Germany spending his entire adult life in China and then Hong Kong), teacher,
and coach of the school boxing team. In the spring of 1959, Lee got into yet another street fight and the police
were called.[22] His parents confirmed the police's fear that this time Bruce Lee's opponent had organized crime
background, and there was the possibility that a contract was out for his life. In April 1959 they decided to send
him to the United States to meet up with his older sister Agnes Lee (李秋鳳) who was already living with family
friends in San Francisco.

At the age of 18 and a half, Lee returned to the U.S., invoking for the first time his citizenship from having been
born there, with $100 in his pocket and the titles of 1957 High School Boxing Champion and 1958 Crown
Colony Cha Cha Champion of Hong Kong,[5] to further his education. After living in San Francisco for several
months, he moved to Seattle in the fall of the same year (1959) to continue his high school education and to
work for Ruby Chow as a live-in waiter at her restaurant. Ruby's husband was a co-worker and friend of his
father. His older brother Peter Lee (李忠琛) would also join Bruce Lee in Seattle for a short stay before moving
on to Minnesota to attend college. In December 1960, Lee completed his high school education and received his
diploma from Edison Technical School (now Seattle Central Community College, located on Capitol Hill,

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Seattle). He then enrolled at the University of Washington in March 1961 majoring in drama (according to UW's
alumni association information [23], not in philosophy as claimed by Bruce Lee himself and many others), and
likely also took courses in philosophy, psychology, and various other subjects.[24][25][26] It was at the University
of Washington that he met his future wife Linda Emery, whom he would marry in August of 1964.

Bruce Lee abandoned his university education (of 3 years without graduating) in the spring of 1964 and moved
to Oakland to live with James Yimm Lee (嚴鏡海, no relation to Bruce Lee, and his Chinese surname was
actually "Yim", a typical blunder by the immigration officials when James' father first immigrated to the US).
Twenty years senior to Bruce Lee and a well known Chinese martial artist in the Bay area, James Lee would
join Bruce Lee to co-found the second Jun Fan martial art studio in Oakland (the first one in Seattle). James Lee
was also responsible for introducing Bruce Lee to Ed Parker, royalty of the US martial art world and organizer
of the (Long Beach) International Karate Championships at which Bruce Lee was later "discovered" by
Hollywood.

Bruce Lee had two children with Linda, Brandon Lee (1965–1993) and Shannon Lee (1969–). Brandon, who
also became an actor like his father, died in an accident during the filming of The Crow in 1993. Shannon Lee
also became an actress and appeared in some low-budget films starting in the mid 1990s, but has since quit
acting.

His younger brother Robert Lee was a musician and member of a popular Hong Kong beat band called The
Thunderbirds.[27]

+ames

Bruce Lee's Cantonese given name was Lee Jun Fan (振藩; This article contains Chinese text.
Mandarin Pinyin: Zhènfán).[28] At birth, the English name Without proper rendering support, you
"Bruce" was thought to be given by the hospital attending may see question marks, boxes, or other
physician, Dr. Mary Glover (or some said it was one of the symbols instead of Chinese characters.
nurses). Though Mrs. Lee did not initially plan on an English
name for the child, she deemed it appropriate and would concur with Dr. Glover's addition.[29] However, his
American name was never used within his family until he enrolled in the primary school division of La Salle
College (a Hong Kong high school) at the age of 10 or 12,[28] and later at another high school (St. Francis
Xavier's College in Kowloon), where Lee would come to represent the boxing team in inter-school events.

Bruce Lee also had three other Chinese names: Li Yuan-Xin[3] [李源鑫; Mandarin Pinyin: Lǐ yuán-xīn, as a
family/clan name (族名)], Li Yuen Kam [李元鑒; Mandarin Pinyin: Lǐ yuán-jiàn, as a student name (學名)
while attending La Salle College], and of course his Chinese stage name 李小龍 [Cantonese pengyam: Lei5 Siu²
Lung4 (or Lee Siu Lung); Mandarin Pinyin: Lǐ Xiǎolóng]. The Jun Fan name was originally written in Chinese as
震藩, however this Jun (震) was identical to part of his grandfather's name 李震彪, which was considered taboo
in Chinese tradition. Therefore, Bruce Lee's name was changed to 振 which had the identical pronunciation with
震 and virtually identical meaning. Also of note is that Bruce Lee was given a feminine nickname, Sai Fung (細
鳳, literally "small phoenix"), which was used throughout his early childhood in keeping with a Chinese custom,
traditionally thought to hide a male child from evil spirits. In Linda Lee's books, she repeatedly cited that Jun
Fan meant "return again" (back to the U.S.), but Jun (振) really means "to invigorate" or "to shock", and Fan
(藩) is the well known Chinese abbreviation for the city of San Francisco.(三藩市).

Bruce Lee's stage name 李小龍 was first suggested by Yuan Bu Yun (袁步雲) when Lee played the title role of
the 1950 Cantonese movie 細路祥 ("Kid Cheung"). By then, Lee was already a 4-year child actor veteran with
two feature films to his credit in Hong Kong [he was also used as an uncredited prop baby in a 1940 US-made

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Cantonese movie "Golden Gate Girl" (金門女)]. Prior to his return to the U.S. in 1959, Bruce Lee would have a
respectful child actor career of 18 solid years averaging more than two movies per year during his entire
teenager life (age 10 to 18), acting alongside some of the best Cantonese actors and actresses at the time, and
playing the central characters in some movies. Yuan was the creator of the popular "Kid Cheung" comic strip, of
which the movie was based on, and also acted in the movie playing a son of the character played by Bruce Lee's
real life father Lee Hoi Chuen.

It is possible that the name "Lee Little Dragon" was based on his childhood name of "small dragon", as, in
Chinese tradition, the dragon and phoenix come in pairs to represent the male and female genders respectively.
The more likely explanation is that he came to be called "Little Dragon" because, according to the Chinese
zodiac, he was born in the Year of the Dragon. Many, including his wife Linda, also added to the "dragon"
connection by suggesting that Lee was born during the "hour of dragon" (6–8 AM, as claimed in Linda's books
and many others). However, animal zodiac normally does not apply to hours of the day, but when it does, the
period from 6 to 8 Am actually straddles between the "hour of rabbit" (5–7 AM) and the "hour of dragon" (7–9
AM). Beside, the Little Dragon name only came about long (10 years) after he was born.

Acting career
Lee's father Hoi-Chuen was a famous Cantonese Opera star. Thus, through his father, Bruce was introduced into
films at a very young age and appeared in several short black-and-white films as a child. Lee had his first role as
a baby who was carried onto the stage. By the time he was 18, he had appeared in twenty films.[5]

While in the United States from 1959–1964, Lee abandoned thoughts of a film career in favor of pursuing
martial arts. William Dozier invited Lee for an audition, where Lee so impressed the producers with his
lightning-fast moves that he earned the role of Kato alongside Van Williams in the TV series The Green Hornet.
The show lasted just one season, from 1966 to 1967. Lee also played Kato in three crossover episodes of
Batman. This was followed by guest appearances in a host of television series, including Ironside (1967) and
Here Come the Brides (1969). In 1969, Lee made a brief appearance in his first American film Marlowe where
he played a henchman hired to intimidate private detective Philip Marlowe (played by James Garner) by
smashing up his office with leaping kicks and flashing punches, only to later accidentally jump off a tall building
while trying to kick Marlowe off. In 1971, Lee appeared in four episodes of the television series Longstreet as
the martial arts instructor of the title character Mike Longstreet (played by James Franciscus).

According to statements made by Bruce Lee and also by Linda Lee Cadwell after Bruce's death, in 1971 Bruce
pitched a television series of his own tentatively titled The Warrior, discussions which were also confirmed by
Warner Bros. According to Cadwell, however, Lee's concept was retooled and renamed Kung Fu, but Warner
Bros. gave Lee no credit.[30] Instead the role of the Shaolin monk in the Wild West, was awarded to then
non-martial artist David Carradine because of the studio's fears that a Chinese leading man would not be
embraced by the public.[31] Books and documentaries about the show "Kung Fu" dispute Cadwell's version.
According to these sources, the show was created by two writers and producers, Ed Spielman and Howard
Friedlander, and the reason Lee was not cast was in part because of his ethnicity but more so because he had a
thick accent.[32]

In a December 9, 1971 television interview on The Pierre Berton Show, Bruce Lee himself makes reference to
both Warner Brothers and Paramount wanting him to do an American TV series. After Pierre Berton comments,
"there's a pretty good chance that you'll get a TV series in the States called "The Warrior", in it, where you use
what, the Martial Arts in a Western setting?" Lee responds, "that was the original idea, ...both of them (Warner
and Paramount), I think, they want me to be in a modernized type of a thing, and they think that "The Western"
type of thing is out. Whereas I want to do the Western, because, you see, how else can you justify all of the

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punching and kicking and violence, except in the period of The West?" Later in the interview, Berton asks Lee
about "the problems that you face as a Chinese hero in an American series. Have people come up in the industry
and said 'well, we don't know how the audience are going to take a non-American'"?. Lee responds "Well, such
question has been raised, in fact, it is being discussed. That is why "The Warrior" is probably not going to be
on." Lee adds, "They think that business wise it is a risk. I don't blame them. If the situation were reversed, and
an American star were to come to Hong Kong, and I was the man with the money, I would have my own
concerns as to whether the acceptance would be there."[33]

Not happy with his supporting roles in the U.S., Lee returned to Hong Kong. Unaware that The Green Hornet
had been played to success in Hong Kong and was unofficially referred to as "The Kato Show", he was surprised
to be recognized on the street as the "star" of the show. Lee was then offered a film contract by legendary
director Raymond Chow to star in two films produced by his production company Golden Harvest. Lee played
his first leading role in The Big Boss (1971) which proved to be an enormous box office success across Asia and
catapulted him to stardom. He soon followed up with Fist of Fury (1972) which broke the box office records set
previously by The Big Boss. Having finished his initial two-year contract, Lee negotiated a new deal with
Golden Harvest. For his third film, Way of the Dragon (1972), he was given complete control of the film's
production as the writer, director, star, and choreographer of the fight scenes. In 1964, at a demonstration in
Long Beach, California, Lee had met karate champion Chuck Norris. In Way of the Dragon Lee introduced
Norris to moviegoers as his opponent in the final death fight at the Colosseum in Rome, today considered one of
Lee's most legendary fight scenes and one of the most memorable fight scenes in martial arts film history.[34]

In late 1972, Lee began work on his fourth Golden Harvest Film, Game of Death. He began filming some scenes
including his fight sequence with 7'2" American Basketball star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, a former student.
Production was stopped when Warner Brothers offered Lee the opportunity to star in Enter the Dragon, the
first film to be produced jointly by Golden Harvest and Warner Bros. This film would skyrocket Lee to fame in
the U.S. and Europe. However, only a few months after the film's completion and 6 days before its July 26, 1973
release[35], the supremely fit Lee mysteriously died. Enter the Dragon would go on to become one of the year's
highest grossing films and cement Lee as a martial arts legend. It was made for US$850,000 in 1973 (equivalent
to $4 million adjusted for inflation as of 2007).[36] To date, Enter the Dragon has grossed over $200 million
worldwide.[37] The movie sparked a brief fad in the martial-arts, epitomized in such songs as "Kung Fu Fighting"
and such TV shows as Kung Fu.

Robert Clouse, the director of Enter the Dragon, and Raymond Chow attempted to finish Lee's incomplete film
Game of Death which Lee was also set to write and direct. Lee had shot over 100 minutes of footage, including
outtakes, for Game of Death before shooting was stopped to allow him to work on Enter the Dragon. In
addition to Abdul-Jabbar, George Lazenby, Hapkido master Ji Han Jae and another Lee student, Dan Inosanto
were also to appear in the film, which was to culminate in Lee's character, Hai Tien (clad in the now-famous
yellow track suit) taking on a series of different challenge on each floor as they make their way through a
five-level pagoda. In a controversial move, Robert Clouse finished the film using a look-alike and archive
footage of Lee from his other films with a new storyline and cast, which was released in 1979. However, the
cobbled-together film contained only fifteen minutes of actual footage of Lee (he had printed many
unsuccessful takes[38]) while the rest had a Lee look-alike, Kim Tai Chung, and Yuen Biao as stunt double. The
unused footage Lee had filmed was recovered 22 years later and included in the documentary Bruce Lee: A
Warrior's Journey.

Hong Kong legacy

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There are a number of stories (perhaps apocryphal) surrounding Lee that are
still repeated in Hong Kong culture today. One is that his early 70s interview
on the TVB show Enjoy Yourself Tonight cleared the busy streets of Hong
Kong as everyone was watching the interview at home.

On January 6, 2009, it was announced that Bruce's Hong Kong home (41
Cumberland Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong) will be preserved and transformed
into a tourist site by philanthropist Yu Pang-lin.[39] Sculpture of Bruce Lee at the
Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong

Martial arts training and development

Lee's first introduction to martial arts was through his father, Lee Hoi Cheun. He learned the fundamentals of
Wu style Tai Chi Chuan from his father.[40] Lee's sifu, Wing Chun master Yip Man, was also a colleague and
friend of Hong Kong's Tai Chi Chuan teacher Wu Ta-ch'i. Yip's regular classes generally consisted of the forms
practice, chi sao (trapping hands) drills, wooden dummy techniques, and free-sparring[41]. There was no set
pattern to the classes[42]. And he tried to keep them from fighting in the street gangs of Hong Kong, though he
did encourage organized competition[43].

Cheung states "Probably fewer than six people in the whole wing chun clan were personally taught, or even
partly taught, by Yip Man[44]."

Lee's familiarity of the Art of War was infinitely diverse from his studious life-time focus; Lee was trained in
Tai Chi Tuan in the dominant aspect of the Wu Style (also known as Nga). Lee was also trained in Tam Toi for
the twelve sets (also known as Buk Pie). Lee also was trained in the martial art Choy Li Fut. Lee's perspectives
were wide and never ending still as it included Western Boxing, of the three swords for fencing (epee, sabre and
foil) Bruce was trained in Epee, Judo, Praying Mantis, Hsing-I, and Jujitsu.

"When Bruce arrived in the U.S he had the training in Wu Style Tai Chi, sometimes in Hong Kong called Nga.
And he had of course training in western boxing. He had training in fencing from his brother, that's Epee, that
goes from toe to head. He had training obviously in Wing Chun. And the other area was the training he had
received in Buk Pie, or Tam Toi, he was twelve sets in Tam Toi. And I believe he had traded with a Choy Li Fut
man."[45] --Danny Inosanto

Gene LeBell, known as a master hooker and shooter in professional wrestling[46], is also commonly known as
"the Godfather of Grappling" and also as "the toughest man alive"[47]. In their routine practices of Judo locks
and grappling holds Lebell recounts on his training with Lee "I used to wrestle with him for an hour without
stopping. I'd do submissions, a neck crank, an armbar, just to show him that it worked. He weighed about 130,
and I was about 185 pounds. I leaned on him. And because of his ab muscles and his wind, he never took a deep
breath. Never squeaked once."[48] --Gene LeBell

Professor Wally Jay is the grandmaster of the Jujitsu America organization. He holds a 10th dan in Jujutsu and
6th dan in Judo and has been twice inducted in the Black Belt magazine Hall of Fame[49]. Lee and his friend
James Yimm Lee spent many hours with Jay learning the Judo and Jujitsu methods he had perfected[50]. The
two would have long conversations about theories surrounding the martial arts and grew to be longtime
friends[51].

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The French art of Savate has been named as a seminal source of information for Lee[52].

And with his fabled martial arts library, over 3,000 volumes, he was able to borrow vital data from five different
ranges of combat and the various theories of rhythmic movement and temporal structure[53]

Wing Chun

The largest influence on Bruce Lee's martial development was his study of the Chinese martial art of Wing
Chun. Bruce Lee began training in Wing Chun at age 13 under the famous Wing Chun grandmaster Yip Man in
the summer of 1954. After a year into his Wing Chun training, some of Yip Man's other students refused to train
with Lee due to his ancestry (his mother was of a quarter German ancestry) as Chinese were secretive in
relation to teaching martial arts techniques especially to foreigners.[54] He then only trained with Yip Man
privately and outside the school with his Wing Chun friends William Cheung and Wong Shun Leung.

Jun Fan Gung Fu

Main article: Jun Fan Gung Fu

Lee began teaching martial arts after his arrival in the United States in 1959. He called what he taught Jun Fan
Gung Fu. Jun Fan Gung Fu (literally Bruce Lee's Kung Fu). It was basically his approach to Wing Chun.[55]
Lee taught friends he met in Seattle, starting with Judo practitioner Jesse Glover as his first student and who
later became his first assistant instructor. Before moving to California, Lee opened his first martial arts school,
named the Lee Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute, in Seattle.

Lee also improvised his own kicking method, involving the directness of Wing Chun and the power of Northern
Shaolin kung fu. Lee's kicks were delivered very quickly to the target, without fully chambering the leg.

Jeet Kune Do
Main article: Jeet Kune Do

Jeet Kune Do originated in 1965. A match with Wong Jack Man influenced
Lee's philosophy on fighting. After about three minutes and making the man
give in, Lee believed that the fight had lasted too long and that he had failed to
live up to his potential using Wing Chun techniques. He took the view that
traditional martial arts techniques were too rigid and formalistic to be practical
in scenarios of chaotic street fighting. Lee decided to develop a system with an
emphasis on "practicality, flexibility, speed, and efficiency". He started to use
different methods of training such as weight training for strength, running for
endurance, stretching for flexibility, and many others which he constantly The Jeet Kune Do emblem is a
registered trade mark held by
adapted.
the Bruce Lee Estate. The
Chinese characters around the
Lee emphasized what he called "the style of no style". This consisted of getting Taijitu symbol indicate: "Using
rid of a formalized approach which Lee claimed was indicative of traditional no way as way" & "Having no
styles. Because Lee felt the system he now called Jun Fan Gung Fu was too limitation as limitation" The
restrictive, it was developed into a philosophy and martial art he would come arrows represent the endless
interaction between yang and
to call (after the name was suggested by Dan Inosanto) Jeet Kune Do or the
yin.[56]
Way of the Intercepting Fist. It is a term he would later regret because Jeet

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Kune Do implied specific parameters that styles connote whereas the idea of his martial art was to exist outside
of parameters and limitations.[57]

Lee directly certified only 3 instructors. Taky Kimura, James Yimm Lee (no relation to Bruce Lee), and Dan
Inosanto, are the only instructors certified personally by Lee. Inosanto holds the 3rd rank (Instructor) directly
from Bruce Lee in Jeet Kune Do, Jun Fan Gung Fu, and Bruce Lee's Tao of Chinese Gung Fu. Taky Kimura
holds a 5th rank in Jun Fan Gung Fu. James Yimm Lee (now deceased) held a 3rd rank in Jun Fan Gung Fu. Ted
Wong holds 2nd rank in Jeet Kune Do certified directly by Bruce Lee and was later promoted to Instructor
under Dan Inosanto; feeling that Bruce would have wanted to promote him. James Yimm Lee and Taky Kimura
hold ranks in Jun Fan Gung Fu, not Jeet Kune Do; Taky received his 5th rank in Jun Fan Gung Fu after the term
Jeet Kune Do existed. Also, Bruce Lee gave Dan Inosanto all three diplomas on the same day. Most other Jeet
Kune Do instructors since Lee's death have been certified directly by Dan Inosanto, some with remainder Bruce
Lee signed certificates.

James Yimm Lee, a close friend of Lee, died without certifying additional students. The sole exception to this
being Gary Dill who studied Jeet Kune Do under James and received permission via a personal letter from him
in 1972 to pass on his learning of JKD to others. Taky Kimura, to date, has certified only one person in Jun Fan
Gung Fu: his son and heir Andy Kimura. Dan Inosanto continued to teach and certify select students in Jeet
Kune Do for over 30 years, making it possible for thousands of martial arts practitioners to trace their training
lineage back to Bruce Lee. Prior to his death, Lee told his then only two living instructors Inosanto and Kimura
(James Yimm Lee had died in 1972) to dismantle his schools. Both Taky Kimura and Dan Inosanto were
allowed to teach small classes thereafter, under the guideline "keep the numbers low, but the quality high".
Bruce also instructed several World Karate Champions including Chuck Norris, Joe Lewis, and Mike Stone.
Between all 3 of them, during their training with Bruce they won every Karate Championship in the United
States.[58]

Controversy over Jeet Kune Do

The name "Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do" was legally trademarked and the rights to Bruce Lee's name, likeness, Jeet
Kune Do emblem and personal martial arts legacy (including personal photos and countless personal effects and
memorabilia) were given solely to the Lee estate for copyrighted commercial use. The name is made up of two
parts: 'Jun Fan' (Lee's Chinese given name) and 'Jeet Kune Do' (the Way of the Intercepting Fist).

Guest at 1964 and 1967 Long Beach International Karate

Championships
At the invitation of Ed Parker, Lee appeared in the 1964 Long Beach International Karate Championships[59]
and performed repetitions of two-finger pushups (using the thumb and the index finger) with feet at
approximately a shoulder-width apart. In the same Long Beach event he also performed the "One inch
punch"[60], the description of which is as follows: Lee stood upright, his right foot forward with knees bent
slightly, in front of a standing, stationary partner. Lee's right arm was partly extended and his right fist
approximately an inch away from the partner's chest. Without retracting his right arm, Lee then forcibly
delivered the punch to his partner while largely maintaining his posture, sending the partner backwards and
falling into a chair said to be placed behind the partner to prevent injury, though his partner's inertia soon caused
him to fall to the floor.

His volunteer was Bob Baker of Stockton, California. "I told Bruce not to do this type of demonstration again",
he recalled. "When he punched me that last time, I had to stay home from work because the pain in my chest

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was unbearable."[61]

Lee also appeared at the 1967 Long Beach International Karate Championships[59] and performed various
demonstrations, including the famous "unstoppable punch" against USKA world karate champion Vic Moore.
Lee told Moore that he was going to throw a straight punch to the face, and all he had to do was to try and block
it. Lee took several steps back and asked if Moore was ready, when Moore nodded in affirmation, Lee glided
towards him until he was within striking range. He then threw a straight punch directly at Moore's face, and
stopped before impact. In eight attempts, Moore failed to block any of the punches.[62]

Fights
Main article: Fight history of Bruce Lee

Physical fitness and nutrition

Main article: Physical fitness and nutrition of Bruce Lee

Physical fitness

Lee felt that many martial artists of his day did not spend enough time on
physical conditioning. Bruce included all elements of total fitness—muscular
strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility. He
tried traditional bodybuilding techniques to build bulky muscles or mass.
However, Lee was careful to admonish that mental and spiritual preparation
was fundamental to the success of physical training in martial arts skills. In his
book The Tao of Jeet Kune Do, he wrote

Training is one of the most neglected phases of athletics. Too much time
is given to the development of skill and too little to the development of Bruce Lee in Way of the
the individual for participation." "JKD, ultimately is not a matter of petty Dragon in 1972
techniques but of highly developed spirituality and physique.[63]

The weight training program that Lee used during a stay in Hong Kong in 1965 at only 24 years old placed
heavy emphasis on his arms. At that time he could perform single bicep curls at a weight of 70 to 80 lbs (about
32 to 36 kg) for three sets of eight repetitions, along with other forms of exercises, such as squats, push-ups,
reverse curls, concentration curls, French presses, and both wrist curls and reverse wrist curls.[64] The
repetitions he performed were 6 to 12 reps (at the time). While this method of training targeted his fast and slow
twitch muscles, it later resulted in weight gain or muscle mass, placing Bruce a little over 160 lbs (about 72 kg).
Lee was documented as having well over 2,500 books in his own personal library, and eventually concluded that
"A stronger muscle, is a bigger muscle", a conclusion he later disputed. Bruce forever experimented with his
training routines to maximize his physical abilities, and push the human body to its limits. He employed many
different routines and exercises including skipping rope, which served his training and bodybuilding purposes
effectively.[65]

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Lee believed that the abdominal muscles were one of the most important muscle groups for a martial artist, since
virtually every movement requires some degree of abdominal work. Perhaps more importantly, the "abs" are like
a shell, protecting the ribs and vital organs. He trained from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m., including stomach, flexibility, and
running, and from 11 a.m. to 12 p.m. he would weight train and cycle. A typical exercise for Lee would be to
run a distance of two to six miles in 15 to 45 minutes, in which he would vary speed in 3–5 minute intervals. Lee
would ride the equivalent of 10 miles (about 16 kilometers) in 45 minutes on a stationary bike.[66]

Lee would sometimes exercise with the jump rope and put in 800 jumps after cycling. He would also do
exercises to toughen the skin on his fists, including thrusting his hands into buckets of harsh rocks and gravel.
He would do over 500 repetitions of this on a given day.[67]

Chuck Norris states, "Lee, pound for pound, might well have been one of the strongest men in the world, and
certainly one of the quickest."[68][69][70][71][72]

As a result of his training, Lee could perform some exceptional physical feats.

+utrition

According to Linda Lee, soon after he moved to the United States, Lee started to take nutrition seriously and
developed an interest in health foods, high-protein drinks and vitamin and mineral supplements. He later
concluded that in order to achieve a high-performance body, one could not fuel it with a diet of junk food, and
with "the wrong fuel" one's body would perform sluggishly or sloppily. Lee also avoided baked goods,
describing them as providing calories which did nothing for his body. Lee's diet included protein drinks; he
always tried to consume one or two daily, but discontinued drinking them later on in his life.

Linda recalls Bruce's waist fluctuated between 26 and 28 inches (66 to 71 centimeters). H
" e also drank his own
juice concoctions made from vegetables and fruits, apples, celery, carrots and so on, prepared in an electric
blender", she said.[73] He consumed green vegetables and fruits every day. Bruce always preferred to eat
Chinese or other Asian food because he loved the variety that it had. He also became a heavy advocate of
dietary supplements, including Vitamin C, Lecithin granules, Bee pollen, Vitamin E, Rose hips (liquid form),
Wheat germ oil, Acerola — C, B-Folia

Philosophy
Although Lee is best known as a martial artist and actor, he also studied philosophy while a student at the
University of Washington. He was well-read and had an extensive library. His own books on martial arts and
fighting philosophy are known for their philosophical assertions both inside and outside of martial arts circles.
His eclectic philosophy often mirrored his fighting beliefs, though he was quick to claim that his martial arts
were solely a metaphor for such teachings. He believed that any knowledge ultimately led to self-knowledge,
and said that his chosen method of self-expression was martial arts.[74] His influences include Taoism, Jiddu
Krishnamurti, and Buddhism[75]. John Little states that Lee was an atheist. When asked in 1972 what his
religious affiliation was, he replied "none whatsoever."[76] Also in 1972, when asked if he believed in God, he
responded, "To be perfectly frank, I really do not."[76]

The following quotations reflect his fighting philosophy.

"Be formless... shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a
bottle; it becomes the bottle. You put it into a teapot; it becomes the teapot. Water can flow, or it can
crash. Be water, my friend..."

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"All kind of knowledge, eventually becomes self knowledge"

"Use only that which works, and take it from any place you can find it."[77]
"Do not deny the classical approach, simply as a reaction, or you will have created another pattern and
trapped yourself there."[78]
"A quick temper will make a fool of you soon enough."
"Always be yourself, express yourself, have faith in yourself, do not go out and look for a successful
personality and duplicate it."
"It's not the daily increase but daily decrease. Hack away at the unessential."

Awards and honors

Main article: The awards and honors of Bruce Lee

Martial arts lineage

Lineage in Wing Chun / Jeet Kune Do

Sifu in Wing Chun Yip Man (葉問)
Sihing Wong Shun-leung (黃惇樑)
Other instructors
William Cheung

Toe Dai Hawkins Cheung Note: He was Lee's friend at

Notable Sparring partner
the time.

Bruce Lee (李小龍)

Creator of Jeet Kune Do

Dan Inosanto
Instructors certified by Lee to teach Jeet Kune Do
Taky Kimura
privately
James Yimm Lee (Died 1972)
Brandon Bruce Lee
Jesse Glover
Steve Golden
Larry Hartsell
Dan Inosanto
Yori Nakamura
Known students in Jun Fan
Taky Kimura
Gung Fu/Jeet Kune Do
Richard Bustillo
Jerry Poteet
Ted Wong
James Yimm Lee
Rusty Stevens
Numerous others...

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Chuck Norris[79]
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
James Coburn
Joe Lewis
Roman Polanski
Famous students taught Lee Marvin
Jun Fan/Jeet Kune Do Stirling Silliphant
Steve McQueen
Mike Stone

Numerous others...

Death
A foreshadowing of events to come occurred on May 10, 1973, when Lee
collapsed in Golden Harvest studios while doing dubbing work for Enter the
Dragon. Suffering from full-body seizures and cerebral edema, he was
immediately rushed to Hong Kong Baptist Hospital where doctors were able to
reduce the swelling through the administration of mannitol and revive him.
These same symptoms that occurred in his first collapse were later repeated on
the day of his death.[80]

On July 20, 1973, Lee was in Hong Kong, due to have dinner with former Bruce Lee is buried next to his
son Brandon in Lake View
James Bond star George Lazenby, with whom he intended to make a film. Cemetery, Seattle, U.S.A
According to Lee's wife Linda, Lee met producer Raymond Chow at 2 p.m. at
home to discuss the making of the movie Game of Death. They worked until 4
p.m. and then drove together to the home of Lee's colleague Betty Ting, a Taiwanese actress. The three went
over the script at Ting's home, and then Chow left to attend a dinner meeting.

A short time later, Lee complained of a headache, and Ting gave him an analgesic (painkiller), Equagesic, which
contained both aspirin and a muscle relaxant. Around 7:30 p.m., he went to lie down for a nap. After Lee did
not turn up for dinner, Chow came to the apartment but could not wake Lee up. A doctor was summoned, who
spent ten minutes attempting to revive him before sending him by ambulance to Queen Elizabeth Hospital.
However, Lee was dead by the time he reached the hospital. There was no visible external injury; however, his
brain had swollen considerably, from 1,400 to 1,575 grams (a 13% increase). Lee was 32 years old. The only
substance found during the autopsy was Equagesic. On October 15, 2005, Chow stated in an interview that Lee
died from a hypersensitivity to the muscle relaxant in Equagesic, which he described as a common ingredient in
painkillers. When the doctors announced Lee's death officially, it was ruled a "death by misadventure."

Dr. Don Langford, who was Lee's personal physician in Hong Kong and had treated Lee during his first
collapse, also believed that "Equagesic was not at all involved in Bruce's first collapse."[81] Professor R.D.
Teare, who had overseen over 1000 autopsies, was the top expert assigned to the Lee case. His conclusion was
that the death was caused by an acute cerebral edema due to a reaction to compounds present in the
prescription pain killing drug Equagesic.[82] The preliminary opinion of the neurosurgeon who saved Lee's life in
May, Peter Wu, was that the cause of death should have been attributed to either a reaction to cannabis OR
Equagesic. However, Dr. Wu later backed off from this position:

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P
" rofessor Teare was a forensic scientist recommended by Scotland Yard; he was brought in as an expert
on cannabis and we can't contradict his testimony. The dosage of cannabis is neither precise nor
predictable, but I've never known of anyone dying simply from taking it."[81]

The exact details of Lee's death are still a subject of controversy.

His wife Linda returned to her home town of Seattle, and had him buried at lot 276 of Lakeview Cemetery.
Pallbearers at his funeral on July 31, 1973 included Steve McQueen, James Coburn, Chuck Norris, George
Lazenby, Dan Inosanto, Taky Kimura, Peter Chin, and his brother, Robert Lee.

His iconic status and untimely demise fed many theories about his death, including murder involving the Triad
society[83] and a supposed curse on him and his family.

The curse theory was extended to his son Brandon Lee, also an actor, who died, 20 years after his father, in a
bizarre accident while filming The Crow at the age of 28. It was released after his death and gained cult status,
as had his father's last film. (The Crow was completed with the use of computer-generated imagery and a stunt
double in the few but critical scenes that remained to be filmed.) Brandon Lee was buried beside his father.

Media
Main article: Media about Bruce Lee

Books authored

Chinese Gung-Fu: The Philosophical Art of Self Defense (Bruce Lee's first book) – 1963
Tao of Jeet Kune Do (Published posthumously) – 1973
Bruce Lee's Fighting Method (Published posthumously) – 1978

Selected filmography

For a complete list of Bruce Lee's filmography see

Main article: Bruce Lee filmography

Film

The Big Boss (1971) (US title:Fists of Fury)

Fist of Fury (1972) (US title:The Chinese Connection)
Way of the Dragon (1972) (US titles:Return of the Dragon, Revenge of the Dragon)
Enter the Dragon (1973)
Game of Death (1979)
Game of Death II (1981) (Stock footage)

Television

The Green Hornet (26 episodes, 1966–1967) .... Kato

Batman (Episodes: "The Spell of Tut" 28 September 1966, "A Piece of the Action" 1 March 1967,
"Batman's Satisfaction" 2 March 1967) .... Kato
Ironside (Episode: "Tagged for Murder" 26 October 1967) .... Leon Soo

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Blondie (Episode: "Pick on Someone Your Own Size", 1968)

Here Come the Brides (Episode: "Marriage Chinese Style" 9 April 1969) .... Lin
Longstreet (4 episodes, 1971) .... Li Tsung
The Pierre Berton Show (1971) .... Himself

See also
Statue of Bruce Lee in Mostar
Bruce Lee statue in Hong Kong
Bruceploitation
Bruce Lee Library
John Little

+otes
1. ^ a b Bruce Lee Foundation Awards, Honors,
Achievements, and Activities 16.
(http://www.bruceleefoundation.com
/index.cfm?pid=10384) 17.
2. ^ Stein, Joel (1999). "TIME 100: Bruce Lee
(http://www.time.com/time/time100/heroes/profile 18.
/lee01.html) ". Time. http://www.time.com 19.
/time/time100/heroes/profile/lee01.html. Retrieved
2008-05-30. 20.
3. ^ a b Dennis, Felix; Atyeo, Don (1974). Bruce Lee
King of Kung-Fu. United States: Straight Arrow 21.
Books. ISBN 0-87932-088-5.
4. ^ Lee, Bruce. The Tao of Jeet Kune Do. 1975. p.12. 22.
5. ^ a b c "Bruce Lee Bio
(http://www.bruceleefoundation.com
/BruceLeeBio.pdf) " (PDF). Kevin Taing Foundation.
2006. http://www.bruceleefoundation.com
/BruceLeeBio.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-06. 23.
6. ^ Little 1997
7. ^ Vaughn 1986
8. ^ Prashad, Vijay (2001). Everybody Was Kung Fu 24.
Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections to the Post-Racial
World. Beacon Press. pp. 127. ISBN 0807050113.
9. ^ Little 1997, p. 73
10. ^ Yang, Jeff (1997). Eastern Standard Time: A
Guide to Asian Influence on American Culture. 25.
Boston, New York: Meridian, Houghton Mifflin. 26.
11. ^ "Lee, Bruce, (1920-1960) Martial Arts Master and 27.
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http://www.historylink.org/essays
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12. ^ http://www.bruce-lee.ws/about_bruce_lee.html 29.
13. ^ http://everything2.com/e2node/Bruce%2520Lee
14. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org 30.
/wiki/William_Cheung#Teaching_Accomplishments
15. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org 31.
/wiki/Bruce_Lee#Wing_Chun
^ http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Wong_Shun_Leung#Beimo_competition
^ http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Bruce_Lee#Wing_Chun
^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cheung
^ http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Bruce_Lee#Wing_Chun
^ Bruce Lee: the immortal Dragon, 29 January 2002,
A&E Television Networks
^ Bruce Lee: the immortal Dragon, 29 January 2002,
A&E Television Networks
^ Burrows, Alyssa (2002). "Bruce Lee
(http://www.historylink.org/essays
/output.cfm?file_id=3999) ". HistoryLink.
http://www.historylink.org/essays
/output.cfm?file_id=3999. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
^ U. of Washington alumni records
(http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/dec99
/j_o.html)
^ "100 Alumni of the Century
(http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/dec99
/j_o.html) ". University of Washington.
http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/dec99
/j_o.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
^ Little 2001, p. 32
^ Thomas 1994, p. 42
^ Web UK Online, Bruce Lee Articles In The
Shadow Of A Legend - Robert Lee Remembers
Bruce Lee by Steve Rubinstein
(http://web.ukonline.co.uk/ray.d8/article2.html)
^ a b Lee 1989
^ Lee, Grace (1980). Bruce Lee The Untold Story.
United States: CFW Enterprise.
^ Lee (Cadwell), Linda, Bruce Lee: The Man Only I
Knew, Warner Books, 1975.
^ Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey, documentary

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Bruce Lee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
feature, 2000.
32. ^ "From Grasshopper to Caine,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlYdp1BVOlw
33. ^ "From The Pierre Berton Show 9 December 1971
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXOtmhA6Nvw&
feature=PlayList&p=9E42117F3D1A8008&
index=0&playnext=1 (comments near end of part 2 &
early in part 3)
34. ^ Lee, Linda (1989). The Bruce Lee Story. Ohara
Publications. ISBN 0897501217.
35. ^ Template:CiteIMDBProfile=http://www.imdb.com
/title/tt0070034/
36. ^ "Inflation Calculator (http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin
/cpicalc.pl) ". Bureau of Labor Statistics.
http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl. Retrieved
2008-05-30.
37. ^ "Heroes & Icons (http://www.time.com
/time/time100/heroes/profile/lee03.html) ". Time.
http://www.time.com/time/time100/heroes/profile
/lee03.html. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
38. ^ Bruce Lee, the Legend, 1977, Paragon Films, Ltd., 62. ^ Uyehara, Mitoshi (1991). Bruce Lee: The
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
39. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20090106/en_nm
/us_hongkong_brucelee;_ylt=Ai_I4gyAqL99r8xboPbRUPVb.nQA
40. ^ Thomas 1994, p. 14
41. ^ Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition Summer
1993
42. ^ Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition Summer
1993
43. ^ pg 18 Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition
Summer 1993
44. ^ pg 19 Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition
Summer 1993
45. ^ Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do, 1995 Legacy
Productions, New Zealand.
46. ^ http://www.shopblackbelt.com/gelegrwoenof.html
47. ^ The Godfather of Grappling (authorised biography
of LeBell) by "Judo" Gene Lebell, Bob Calhoun,
George Foon, and Noelle Kim. 2005. (According to
Gene LeBell's website, an earlier draft of this book
was published without permission under the name
The Toughest Man Alive by Fiaz Rafiq, and legal
action is pending for breach of copyright.)
48. ^ Joe Weider's Muscle&Fitness April 2009, pg. 168
49. ^ http://www.danzan.com/HTML/PEOPLE
/wally.html
50. ^ http://www.danzan.com/HTML/PEOPLE
/wally.html
51. ^ http://www.maniacworld.com/Bruce_Lee.htm.
52. ^ pg 136 Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition
Summer 1999<
53. ^ pg 134 Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition
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54. ^ "Interesting Questions, Facts, and Information
(http://www.funtrivia.com/en/Celebrities/Lee-Bruce-
16 of 17
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Lee
13857.html) ". Fun Trivia. http://www.funtrivia.com
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55. ^ "WING CHUN GUNG FU (http://hardcorejkd.com
/wing_chun.php) ". Hardcore JKD.
http://hardcorejkd.com/wing_chun.php. Retrieved
2008-05-30.
56. ^ Bishop 2004, p. 23
57. ^ Thomas 1994, p. 81
58. ^ Little 2001, p. 211
59. ^ a b "2007 Long Beach International Karate
Championship (http://www.longbeachikc.com/) ".
Long Beach International Karate Championship.
http://www.longbeachikc.com/. Retrieved
2008-05-30.
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/bruce_lee_3.htm) ". Maniac World.
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Retrieved 2008-05-30.
61. ^ Vaughn 1986, p. 21
Incomparable Fighter. Santa Clarita, California:
Ohara Publications. pp. 27.
63. ^ "Martial Art Disciplines at Hybrid Martial Arts
Academy (http://www.hybridmartialart.com
/Martial%20Art%20Overview
/Martial_%20Arts_%20Overview.html) ". Hybrid
Martial Art. http://www.hybridmartialart.com
/Martial%20Art%20Overview
/Martial_%20Arts_%20Overview.html. Retrieved
2008-05-30.
64. ^ Lee 1989, p. 70
65. ^ Hatfield, Fredrick C. (1993). Fitness: The
Complete Guide. California: International Sport
Sciences Association. p. 119.
66. ^ Uhera, Mito. "Feats
(http://www.bruceleedivinewind.com/feats.html) ".
Bruce Lee: The Divine Wind.
http://www.bruceleedivinewind.com/feats.html.
Retrieved 2008-05-30.
67. ^ Campbell, Sid (2003). The Dragon and the Tiger:
The Birth of Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do, the Oakland
Years. California: Frog LTD. pp. 58.
68. ^ http://www.justbrucelee.com/
69. ^ http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Bruce_Lee
/id/1939674.
70. ^ http://www.bebo.com
/Profile.jsp?MemberId=2722290888&ShowSims=Y
71. ^ http://www.zimbio.com/Bruce+Lee/articles
/4/Bruce+Lee+My+Hero
72. ^ http://santosho.blogspot.com
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73. ^ Seal, Jack (2007). "How Did Bruce Lee Get Those
Washboard Abs? (http://www.allbrucelee.com/article
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Bruce Lee. http://www.allbrucelee.com/article world around you and achieve a rewarding life.
/how_did_bruce_lee_get_those_wash.htm. Retrieved Contemporary Books. pp. 128. ISBN 0809231948.
2008-05-30. 77. ^ Thomas 1994, p. 44
74. ^ Little, John (1996). The Warrior Within - The 78. ^ Lee, Bruce (1975). Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Ohara
philosophies of Bruce Lee to better understand the Publications. p. 25.
world around you and achieve a rewarding life. 79. ^ Lee 1989, p. 83
Contemporary Books. pp. 122. ISBN 0809231948. 80. ^ Thomas 1994
75. ^ Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey at 31m45s 81. ^ a b Thomas 1994, p. 228
76. ^ a b Little, John (1996). The Warrior Within - The 82. ^ Thomas 1994, p. 209
philosophies of Bruce Lee to better understand the 83. ^ Bishop 2004, p. 157

References
Bishop, James (2004), Bruce Lee: Dynamic Becoming, Dallas: Promethean Press, ISBN 0-9734054-0-6.
Lee, Linda; Bleecker, Tom (1989), The Bruce Lee Story, United States: Ohara Publications.
Little, John (2001), Bruce Lee: Artist of Life, Tuttle Publishing.
Little, John (1998), Bruce Lee: The Art of Expressing the Human Body, Tuttle Publishing.
Little, John (1997), Words of the Dragon : Interviews 1958–1973 (Bruce Lee).
Thomas, Bruce (1994), Bruce Lee: Fighting Spirit : a Biography, Berkeley, California: Frog, Ltd..
Vaughn, Jack (1986), The Legendary Bruce Lee, Ohara.
Dorgan, Michael. Bruce Lee's Toughest Fight [1] (http://www.kungfu.net/brucelee.html) . 1980 July.
Official Karate

External links
Bruce Lee (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000045/) at the Internet Movie Database
Bruce Lee Foundation (http://www.bruceleefoundation.com/)
Sijo Bruce Lee (http://www.jkd.gr/brucelee.html)
Bruce Lee Interview (http://edu.emtain.tv/playlist/show/1209)
Light a Pixel - The Digital Memorial: Bruce Lee (http://www.lightapixel.com/Bruce_Lee)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Lee"
Categories: Actors portrayed posthumously | Asian American actors | Asian American writers | Bruce Lee |
Hong Kong people | Chinese people | Cantonese people | Chinese actors | Chinese atheists | 20th-century
philosophers | Chinese philosophers | Chinese American sportspeople | Chinese Jeet Kune Do practitioners |
Chinese Wing Chun practitioners | Hong Kong actors | Martial arts school founders | Shundenese Hongkongers |
University of Washington alumni | Cause of death disputed | 1940 births | 1973 deaths

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