Конференция Опера в Муз Теа Ре Гнесиных 2019

Министерство культуры Российской Федерации
Российская академия музыки имени Гнесиных

Государственный институт искусствознания
ОПЕРА
В МУЗЫКАЛЬНОМ ТЕАТРЕ:
ИСТОРИЯ
И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ
Сборник статей по материалам

Четвертой Международной научной конференции
11–15 ноября 2019 года
Том 1
МОСКВА
2019
УДК 792. 54
ББК 88. 335. 41
О60
Издание осуществлено при при поддержке Российского фонда фундамен-

тальных исследований (РФФИ), проект № 19-012-20019
Редактор-составитель
доктор искусствоведения И.П. Сусидко
Редакционная коллегия
доктор искусствоведения П.В. Луцкер
доктор искусствоведения Т.И. Науменко
доктор искусствоведения Н.В. Пилипенко
доктор искусствоведения А.С. Рыжинский
доктор искусствоведения Т.В. Цареградская
Рецензенты
Левон Оганесович Акопян, доктор искусствоведения, заведующий
сектором теории музыки Государственного института искусствознания
Инна Народицкая, PhD, профессор Северо-Западного
университета, Эванстон, Иллинойс, США
Печатается в соответствии с решением

Редакционно-издательского совета
Российской академии музыки им. Гнесиных
О60 Опера в музыкальном театре: история и современность. Материалы Четвер-

той Международной научной конференции, 11–15 ноября 2019 г. / ред-сост. И.П.
Сусидко / Рос. акад. музыки. — Том 1. — М.: РАМ имени Гнесиных, 2019. —
516 с., илл. Иллюстрация на обложке: О.Ч. Пьюджин, Т. Ролендсон. Театр Сад-
лерс-Уэллз (1810).
ISBN 978-5-8269-0251-6 ISBN 978-5-8269-0259-2 (eBook)

ISBN 978-5-8269-0252-3 (Т. 1) ISBN 978-5-8269-0260-8 (eBook, Т. 1)
© РАМ имени Гнесиных, 2019
© И.П. Сусидко, 2019
Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation
Gnessins Russian Academy of Music
State Institute for Art Studies
OPERA
IN MUSICAL THEATER:
HISTORY
AND PRESENT TIME
Proceedings
of the 4 International Academic Conference
th
November 11–15, 2019
Volume 1
MOSCOW
2019
УДК 792. 54
ББК 88. 335. 41
О60
The edition is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR),
Project 19-012-20019
Edited by:
Irina Susidko, Dr. Habil. (Doctor of Art Studies)
Editorial Board
Pavel Lutsker, Dr. Habil. (Doctor of Art Studies)
Tatiana Naumenko, Dr. Habil. (Doctor of Art Studies)
Nina Pilipenko, Dr. Habil. (Doctor of Art Studies)
Aleksandr Ryzhinskii, Dr. Habil. (Doctor of Art Studies)
Tatiana Tsaregradskaya, Dr. Habil. (Doctor of Art Studies)
Academic Reviewers
Levon Hakobian, Dr. Habil. (Doctor of Art Studies), Head of
Music Theory Department, State Institute for Art Studies
Inna Naroditskaya, PhD, Full Professor, Musicology,
Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
Printed according to the solution

Editorial and Publishing Council of
Gnessins Russian Academy of Music
О60 Opera in Musical Theater: History and Present Time. Proceedings of the 4th
International Academic Conference, November 11–15, 2019, ed. by Irina Susidko,
Gnessins Russian Academy of Music. Volume 1. Moscow: Gnessins Russian Academy
of Music, 2019. 516 p., ill. Front cover illustration: Augustus Charles Pugin, Thomas
Rowlandson. Sadler’s Wells Thearte (1810).
ISBN 978-5-8269-0251-6 ISBN 978-5-8269-0259-2 (eBook)

ISBN 978-5-8269-0252-3 (Vol. 1) ISBN 978-5-8269-0260-8 (eBook, Vol. 1)
© Gnessins Russian Academy of Music, 2019

© Irina Susidko, 2019
© Authors, 2019
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ | CONTENTS
От редактора-составителя | Preface............................................................ 15
Благодарности | Acknowledgements ........................................................... 19
Приветствия | Greetings ............................................................................... 21
I. ОПЕРА КАК СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ЖАНР

OPERA AS A SYNTHETIC GENRE
Театр, музыка, катарсис: классическая система координат

Theatre, Music, Catharsis: Classical System of Coorditates
Дмитрий Трубочкин / Dmitriy Trubochkin................................................. 29
К вопросу о зарождении клипового мышления в оперной режиссуре

On the Issue for the Clip Thinking Origin in the Opera Directing
Александр Лободанов / Alexander Lobodanov............................................ 41
Опера и миф: условность безусловного

Opera and Myth: The Conditionality of the Unconditional
Адиля Мизитова / Adilya Mizitova............................................................. 51
Карл Дальхауз о русской классической опере в контексте музыкального

искусства XIX века
Carl Dahlhaus on the Russian Classic Opera in the Context on the Nineteenth-
Century Music
Михаил Пылаев / Mikhail Pylaev................................................................ 61
Поэтика либретто итальянской комической оперы XVIII века: постанов-

ка проблемы
Poetics of Libretto in the Eighteenth-Century Italian Comic Opera: Formulation
of a Problem
Павел Луцкер / Pavel Lutsker....................................................................... 71
Оперный (-ые) перевод(ы): документируя конфликты «музыкальных культур»

Opera Translation(s) Documenting Conflicts of ‘Musical Cultures’
Юрий Джаннини / Juri Giannini................................................................ 81
Пространство в опере: драматургический аспект
Space in Opera: Aspect of Dramaturgy
Владимир Горячих / Vladimir Goryachih................................................... 91
Опера и «поздний модернизм» конца ХХ – начала ХХI века

Opera and ‘Late modernism’ at the Turn of the 21st Century
Татьяна Цареградская / Tatiana Tsaregradskaya................................... 101
Оперное искусство в истории и современности:

дидактический вызов
Opera in History and Modernity: A Didactic Challenge
Лоренцо Бьянкони, Джузеппина Ла Фаче Бьянкони /
Lorenzo Bianconi, Giuseppina La Face Bianconi...................................... 111
II. СТАРИННАЯ ОПЕРА:

ЖАНРЫ, СТИЛЬ, КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ КОНТЕКСТ
BAROQUE AND CLASSICAL OPERA:
GENRES, STYLE, CULTURAL CONTEXT
Парадигма Dame di Ferrara: от Il Concerto delle Donne до современной пе-

вицы и женского персонажа на оперной сцене
The Paradigm of the Dame di Ferrara: From Il Concerto delle Donne to the
Contemporary Woman Singer and Female Character on the Operatic Stage
Сусана Эгеа Руис / Susana Egea Ruiz..................................................... 123
Создание dramma per musica как попытка элитаризации искусства

Dramma per Musica as an Impetus for Art Gentrification
Саида Исхакова / Saida Iskhakova......................................................... 131
Опера Пёрселла «Дидона и Эней» как политическая аллегория

Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas as a Political Allegory
Роман Насонов / Roman Nasonov........................................................... 139
Danse chantée в спектаклях французского музыкального театра XVII – на-

чала XVIII века
Danse chantée in the French Musical Theatre Performances (17th and Early
18th Century)
Лариса Пылаева / Larisa Pylaeva........................................................... 147
Испанская опера в Новом свете: «Пурпур розы» П. Кальдерона и Т. Тор-
рехона-и-Веласко (1701)
Spanish Opera in the New World: La púrpura de la rosa by P. Calderón and
T.Torrejón y Velasco (1701)
Ирина Кряжева / Irina Kryazheva......................................................... 157
Оперы об американских индейцах А. Вивальди и Г. Пёрселла в контексте

диалога культур Старого и Нового Света в XVII – XVIII веках
Operas about American Indians by A. Vivaldi and H. Purcell in a Dialogue of
Old World and New World in 17th – 18th Centuries
Ангелина Алпатова, Владимир Лисовой /
Angelina Alpatova, Vladimir Lisovoi....................................................... 165
«Празднества Гименея и Амура»: Египет в музыке Жана-Филиппа Рамо

Les Fêtes de l’Hymen et de l’Amour: Egypt in the Music by Jean-Philippe
Rameau
Анна Булычёва / Anna Bulycheva.......................................................... 175
«Гений места»: о региональных традициях в опере seria 1720-х – 1730-х гг.

Genius loci: On Regional Traditions in the Opera seria of the 1720s – 1730s
Ирина Сусидко / Irina Susidko............................................................... 185
Хосе де Небра (1702–1768) и его сарсуэллы

José de Nebra (1702–1768) and his Zarzuelas
Мария Моисеева / Maria Moiseeva........................................................ 195
«Элиза» и «Британия» Томаса Августина Арна: два воплощения нацио-

нальной темы
Eliza and Britannia by Thomas Augustine Arne: Two Incarnations of the
National Theme
Анастасия Привалова / Anastasiya Privalova...................................... 203
Chinoiserie в западноевропейской опере XVIII века

Chinoiserie in the Eighteenth-Century European Opera
Юлия Медведева / Yulia Medvedeva ...................................................... 211
Призрак оперы: «Заида» Моцарта на сцене

The Phantom of the Opera: Mozart’s Zaide on Stage
Карина Зыбина / Karina Zybina............................................................. 221
Особенности хронотопа в ‘Così fan tutte’ Лоренцо да Понте
Chronotope Features in Lorenzo da Ponte’s Così fan tutte
Лариса Гервер / Larisa Gerver ................................................................ 229
Профессионалы и любители: о первых исполнителях «Волшебной флей-

ты» В.А. Моцарта
Professionals and Amateurs: About the First Performers of Mozart’s
Die Zauberflöte
Дана Нагина / Dana Nagina ..................................................................... 239
Драма духовная и светская. Австрийская оратория и опера 2-й половины

XVIII века: взаимовлияния и параллели
Sacred and Secular Drama: Parallels and Mutual Influences in Austrian Oratorio
and Opera in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century
Лада Аристархова / Lada Aristarkhova .................................................. 249
Музыкальная комедия Андре Гретри на сцене Королевской академии му-

зыки
Andre Grétry’s comedie lyrique on the Stage of the Academie Royale de la
musique in Paris
Александра Сафонова / Alexandra Safonova.......................................... 257
III. ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ОПЕРА:

ДИАЛОГИ И ПЕРЕСЕЧЕНИЯ
RUSSIAN OPERA:
DIALOGUES AND INTERSECTIONS
Жанровый синтез в отечественном музыкальном театре на примере опер-

ного творчества Д.С. Бортнянского
Genre Synthesis in Russian Musical Theatre (The Case of Bortniansky’s
Operas)
Ирина Полозова / Irina Polozova.............................................................. 271
«…Бывают странные сближенья…» Опера Глинки «Жизнь за царя» и зна-

ки ее времени
‘...Strange Rapprochements Occur…’ The Opera A Life for the Tsar and the
Signs of its Epoch
Светлана Лащенко / Svetlana Latschenko.............................................. 279
«Руслан и Людмила» А.С. Пушкина и М.И. Глинки в историко-культурном
контексте: к проблеме сценической постановки и восприятия
Ruslan and Ludmila by Pushkin and Glinka in a Historical and Cultural
Context: Concerning the Issue of Stage Production and Perception
Елена Алкон / Elena Alkon....................................................................... 287
«Русские большие оперы» А.Н. Серова в контексте патриотической темы

и «нового русского стиля»
‘Russian Grand Operas’ by A. Serov in the Frame of the Patriotic Theme and
the ‘New Russian Style’
Вадим Дулат-Алеев / Vadim Dulat-Aleev................................................ 297
Редакции и версии оперы «Евгений Онегин»: текстологические и эдици-

онные проблемы
Editions and Versions of Tchaikovsky’s Opera Eugene Onegin: Textual and
Editorial Problems
Ада Айнбиндер / Ada Aynbinder................................................................. 303
«Псковитянка» Н.А. Римского-Корсакова и «Борис Годунов» М.П. Му-

соргского: диалоги и пересечения
The Maid of Pskov by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Boris Godunov by
Modest Mussorgsky: Dialogues and Intersections
Мария Скуратовская / Maria Skuratovskaya.......................................... 313
Семиотическое пространство контрсферы в «Царской невесте»: текст в

тексте
The Semiotic Space of the Counter-Sphere in The Tsar Bride: The Text in the Text
Любовь Серебрякова / Lyubov’ Serebrjakova .......................................... 323
Стилизация в опере Н.А. Римского-Корсакова «Сказка о царе Салтане»

Stylization in The Tale of Tsar Saltan by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Екатерина Прокопьева / Ekaterina Prokopieva .................................. 333
Поздние оперы Римского-Корсакова: свое и чужое

Idioms in Rimsky-Korsakov’s Late Operas: Personal and Alien
Ольга Скрынникова / Olga Skrynnikova.................................................. 341
И.В. Самарин и С.И. Мамонтов: подходы к подготовки оперной партии

(по материалам биографии певицы Т.С. Любатович)
Ivan Samarin and Savva Mamontov: Preparing the Opera Part. Based on the
Biography of the singer Tatiana Lyubatovich
Анна Виноградова / Anna Vinogradova................................................... 351
«Пульчинелла» Перголези – Стравинского: «балет с пением» или «опе-

ра с танцами»?
Pulcinella by Pergolesi – Stravinsky: ‘Ballet with Singing’ or ‘Opera with
Dancing’?
Наталия Брагинская / Natalia Braginskaya........................................... 361
Фортепианные вариации и фантазии на оперные темы в петербургских

концертах 1830-х годов
Piano Variations and Fantasies Based on Opera Themes at St. Petersburg’s
Concerts in the 1830s
Дмитрий Шумилин / Dmitry Shumilin................................................... 371
IV. МУЗЫКАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕАТР XIX – НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА:

ОБЩЕЕ И ОСОБЕННОЕ
MUSICAL THEATRE OF THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY:
COMMON AND UNIQUE
Франц Шуберт: между песней и оперой

Franz Schubert: Between Lied and Opera
Нина Пилипенко / Nina Pilipenko............................................................ 381
Немые персонажи в музыкальном театре первой половины XIX столетия

The Mute Characters in the First Half of the Nineteenth-Century Musical
Theater
Светлана Петухова / Svetlana Petukhova.............................................. 395
Голубь и крест
The Dove and the Cross
Анна Порфирьева / Anna Porfirieva......................................................... 405
“MUSICA FICTA” Филиппа Лаку-Лабарта и Gesamtkunstwerk: оперы

Вагнера как источник концепции «национал-эстетизма»
‘MUSICA FICTA’ by Philipp Laku-Labart and Gesamtkunstwerk: Wagner’s
Operas as a Source of the Concept of ‘National Aesthetics’
Азамат Хасаншин / Asamat Khasanshin................................................ 413
Finali centrali в операх Верди: к вопросу об эволюции
The Finali Centrali in Verdi’s Operas: Concerning the Composer’s Evolution
Анастасия Логунова / Anastasia Logunova............................................. 423
Сигетварская битва как импульс для хорватской оперы

The Siege of Szigetvár as an Inspiration for Croatian Opera
Санья Майер-Бобетко / Sanja Majer-Bobetko....................................... 433
Исторические оперы «Генрих VIII» и «Этьен Марсель» Камиля Сен-Сан-

са: новый взгляд на основе литературного наследия композитора
The Historical Operas Henry VIII and Étienne Marcel by Camille Saint-Saëns:
New Perspectives Provided by the Composer’s Literary Heritage
Зоя Князь / Zoya Kniaz’............................................................................. 443
«Сказки Гофмана» Ж. Оффенбаха: семантические лабиринты сюжета

Les contes d’Hoffmann by Jacques Offenbach: The Semantic Labyrinths of
the Plot
Андрей Денисов / Andrei Denisov............................................................. 451
Процедура гражданского судопроизводства в зеркале комической оперы

конца XIX – начала ХХ века: некоторые наблюдения
Civil Legal Proceedings in the Mirror of Comic Opera in the Late 19th and
Early 20th Century: Some Observations
Натэла Енукидзе / Natela Enukidze......................................................... 461
Русский царь на сцене Монте-Карло: опера Р. Гюнсбурга «Иван Грозный»

Russian Tsar on the Stage of Monte Carlo: Raoul Gunsbourg’s Opera
Ivan the Terrible
Евгения Шигаева / Evgeniya Shigaeva.................................................... 469
Метаморфозы смыслов в судьбе «Отмеченных» („Die Gezeichneten”)

Франца Шрекера: от литературных истоков до сценической реализации
The Metamorphoses of Meanings in the History of Die Gezeichneten
(The Stigmatized) by Franz Schreker: From the Literary Sources to Stage
Interpretation
Наталья Дегтярева / Natalia Degtyareva............................................... 479
Р. Штраус „Die Frau ohne Schatten” («Женщина без тени»): Символиче-

ский контекст и образные метаморфозы
Richard Strauss Die Frau ohne Schatten. The Symbolic Context and
Metaphorical Transformations
Ирина Стогний / Irina Stogny................................................................ 489
Фильм в музыкальном театре. Filmmusik Альбана Берга в контексте сце-

нических экспериментов 1920-х годов
Film in the Musical Theater. Filmmusik by Alban Berg in the Context of Stage
Experiments in the 1920s
Юлия Векслер / Julia Weksler.................................................................. 497
Образ Венеции в оперном театре Дж.Фр. Малипьеро

The Image of Venice in Opera Theatre of Gian Francesco Malipiero
Мария Рудко / Mariya Rudko.................................................................... 507

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ɧɨɜɵɯɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜɤɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɭɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɄ
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ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɮɨɪɭɦɚɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɧɨɜɨɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɨɩɟɪɵɜɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɢɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɨɱɢɳɟɧ
ɧɨɟɨɬɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɢɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɨɞɨɤɭ
ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɚɤ

ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɸɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɨɜɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶ
ɧɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɨɪɦɢɢɯɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹɫɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɨɩɵ
ɬɨɦɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɢɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ©ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯªɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ
ɤɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɜɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɜɫɟɯɟɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɦɭɡɵɤɢ
ɫɥɨɜɚɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɨɢɫɤɬɨɱɟɤɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫ
ɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɫɦɟɠɧɵɦɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɢɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɦɢɧɚɭɤɚɦɢ
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɛɥɨɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɞɨɤɥɚɞɵɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɵ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɢɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɵ
ɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɚ²ɤɚɤɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɪɚɤɭɪɫɟɬɚɤɢɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ
ɜɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɦɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɩɟɪɧɨɣɪɟɠɢɫɫɭɪɟɢɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɢɫɤɭɫ
ɫɬɜɟȼɟɝɨɪɚɦɤɚɯɛɵɥɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɪɹɞɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɧɨɦɭɧɚɫɥɟ
ɞɢɸɇȺɊɢɦɫɤɨɝɨɄɨɪɫɚɤɨɜɚɢɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɫɸɛɢɥɟɣɧɨɣɞɚɬɟ²ɥɟ
ɬɢɸɫɨɞɧɹɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɆɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɡɚɨɫɬɪɢɬɶɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɪɹɞɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɪɨɫ
ɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ
Ʉɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɱɬɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɨɩɟɪɵɜɧɚɲɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɟ
ɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɨɞɢɧɢɡɫɜɨɢɯɫɚɦɵɯɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɯɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵɞɚɟɬɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɟɟɛɭɪɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɨɜɢɩɪɨɞɸɫɟɪɨɜɠɚɞɧɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɌɨɱɬɨ
ɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɵɫɥɶɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹɫɟɛɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɤɚɤɜɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ
ɬɚɤɢɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɯɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜɬɨɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢ
ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɭɱɟɧɵɟɧɨɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɵɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɸɬɫɹɜɚɪ
ɯɢɜɧɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɞɥɹɫɟɛɹɧɨɜɵɟɢɦɟɧɚɬɨɤɚɤɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹɧɨɜɵɟɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɧɵɯɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɜɱɟ
ɪɚɦɨɠɧɨɛɵɥɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɦɟɱɬɚɬɶɤɚɤɨɫɬɪɨɢɫɤɚɤɢɦɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚ
ɸɬɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɱɬɨɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟɨɩɟɪɧɵɟɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ²ɜɫɟɜɧɭɲɚɟɬɧɚɞɟɠɞɭɧɚ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɭɸɠɢɡɧɶɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɚɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɧɢɣɟɦɭɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ

Ⱦɨɤɬɨɪɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɂɉɋɭɫɢɞɤɨ
17
PREFACE
The articles included in this compilation are written based on the materials of
presentations made at the International Scholarly Conference “Opera in Musical
Theater: History and Present Time” (November 11–15, 2019) at the Russian
Gnessins’ Academy of Music and the State Institute for Art Studies. The event
was supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (project No.
19-012-20019). The conference’s conception was defined by the attitude towards
opera as a synthetic, theatrical phenomenon. Such an approach has made it possible
to consolidate the efforts of scholars of various disciplines — musicologists,
theatre historians, specialists in the visual arts, and theoreticians and practitioners
of theatrical activities. The necessity of such a unification took shape a long time
ago, since the currently accepted thesis about the synthetic character of opera,
as a rule, is realized insufficiently in practice, and scholars seldom surpass the
frameworks of their scholarly specializations. The topicality of interdisciplinary
research of operatic art is felt especially acutely in our time, when opera became
an arena of avant-garde experiments of composers and producers, arousing sharp
debates and demanding new criteria of analysis and evaluation, new approaches
towards interpretation.
The structure of this edition reflects the problems of the conference. A number
of questions of special significance for contemporary scholarship was discussed at
the conference. The following may be related to the fundamental issues which have
defined the thematic directions of the scholarly forum: a new comprehension of
historical development of opera in the sociocultural and theatrical contexts cleansed
of ideological clichés and founded on relevant scholarly-documental research; the
relation of contemporary musical theatre to the classical heritage, the processes of
formation of new genres and musical-dramatic forms and their correlation with
historical experience; development and approbation of “integral” methodological
approaches to studying the art of opera in the unity of all their components (music,
the verbal text, visual manifestation) and, correspondingly, the search for points of
connection between contiguous humanitarian and art study disciplines.
A separate topical unit was formed by presentations which touched upon
various aspects of interaction between Russian and Western European musical

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ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃȺɄȺȾȿɆɂɂɆɍɁɕɄɂ
ɂɆȿɇɂȽɇȿɋɂɇɕɏ
ɋɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞ
ɧɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ©Ɉɩɟɪɚɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶªɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɝɨɞɥɟɬɢɹɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɫɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɢɱɟɫɬɶɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɧɚɤɨɧɮɟɟɪɧɰɢɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɭɱɟɧɵɯɢɡȺɜɫɬɪɢɢȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɢȽɟɪɦɚɧɢɢȽɪɟɰɢɢɂɫɩɚɧɢɢɂɬɚ
ɥɢɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚɄɢɬɚɹɅɢɬɜɵɆɟɤɫɢɤɢɉɨɥɶɲɢɊɨɫɫɢɢɋɒȺɌɚɢ
ɥɚɧɞɚɍɤɪɚɢɧɵɏɨɪɜɚɬɢɢəɧɚɞɟɸɫɶɱɬɨɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɬɛɨɥɶ
ɲɭɸɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɥɶɡɭ²ɤɚɤɧɚɭɱɧɭɸɬɚɤɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɀɟɥɚɸɜɫɟɦɭɫɩɟɯɚ
ȽɚɥɢɧɚɆɚɹɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ

ɉɊɂȼȿɌɋɌȼɂȿɈɌɊȿɄɌɈɊȺ
ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃȺɄȺȾȿɆɂɂɆɍɁɕɄɂ
ɂɆȿɇɂȽɇȿɋɂɇɕɏ
ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɟɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɢɝɨɫɬɢɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧ
ɰɢɢ©Ɉɩɟɪɚɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶª
ɆɵɨɱɟɧɶɪɚɞɵɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɬɟɧɚɯɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɦɭ
ɡɵɤɢɢɦɟɧɢȽɧɟɫɢɧɵɯɧɚɲɢɯɞɨɪɨɝɢɯɞɪɭɡɟɣ²ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɭɱɟɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɊɨɫɫɢɸɫɬɪɚɧɵȿɜɪɨɩɵȺɡɢɢɋɒȺ
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜ
ɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɩɨɪɚɠɚɟɬɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢɢɧɨɜɢɡɧɨɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɪɚɤɭɪɫɨɜ±ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɨɩɟɪ
ɧɨɣɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɪɟɠɢɫɫɭɪɵɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɟ
ɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɜɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɦɢɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ
ɋɬɨɥɶɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɮɨɪɭɦ²ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɨɞɚɪɨɤɊɨɫ
ɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɢɢɦɟɧɢȽɧɟɫɢɧɵɯɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɳɟɣɜɝɨɞɭ
ɥɟɬɧɸɸɝɨɞɨɜɳɢɧɭɫɨɞɧɹɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɊɵɠɢɧɫɤɢɣ

ɉɊɂȼȿɌɋɌȼɂȿɈɌɊȿɀɂɋɋȿɊȺ
ȺɅȿɄɋȺɇȾɊȺɌɂɌȿɅə
əɪɚɞɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɸ©Ɉɩɟɪɚɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɟ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶªɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɫɬɟɧɚɯɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɢɢɦɟɧɢȽɧɟɫɢɧɵɯɆɧɟɷɬɨɬɟɦɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɜɟɞɶ
ɦɨɣɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɣɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɶ©ɇɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɥɸɛɨɜɶªɩɨɨɩɟɪɟɊɄɓɟɞɪɢɧɚ
ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹɢɦɟɧɧɨɡɞɟɫɶɜɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɢɬɟɩɥɨɣɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ
ȼɢɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɶɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹɯɨɪɨɲɢɣɊɨɞɢɨɧɄɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜɢɱɩɨ
ɬɨɦɦɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɨɧɟɦɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɥ«
Ɍɨɱɬɨɬɚɤɨɟɫɨɥɢɞɧɨɟɢɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɨɜɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɛɨɩɟɪɟɢɟɟɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹɯ²ɷɬɨɨɱɟɧɶɜɚɠɧɨɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɢɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɗɬɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ
ɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɜɨɩɪɟɤɢɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɩɨɯɨɪɨɧɚɦɠɚɧɪɚɨɧ
ɟɳɟɧɟɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɥɞɨɥɝɨɠɢɬɶɨɧɩɨɤɚɫɚɦɞɨɥɝɨɠɢɜɟɬɢɭɦɢɪɚɬɶɧɟɫɨ
ɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɗɬɨɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨȾɚɦɵɩɨɢɦɟɧɢɈɩɟɪɚ²ɠɚɥɨ
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɢɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɦɧɨɠɢɬɶɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɟɚɬɪɨɜ
ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟɣɩɟɜɰɨɜɞɢɪɢɠɟɪɨɜɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɨɜ
ȾɥɹɧɚɫɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɨɱɟɧɶɜɚɠɧɨɱɬɨɛɵɨɩɟɪɚɫɬɚɥɚɥɸɛɢɦɚɜɫɟɛɨ
ɥɟɟɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢɦɚɫɫɚɦɢɱɬɨɛɵɨɧɚɫɬɚɥɚɞɥɹɧɢɯɱɟɦɬɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ
ɱɬɨɛɵɨɧɚɧɟɛɵɥɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɥɸɛɜɢɢɢɞɨɥɨɩɨɤɥɨɧɫɬɜɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɭɡɤɨɝɨ
ɤɪɭɝɚɦɟɥɨɦɚɧɨɜɧɨɛɵɥɚɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɜɫɟɦɤɬɨɥɸɛɢɬɦɭɡɵɤɭɢɬɟɚɬɪɍ
ɧɚɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɜɬɟɚɬɪɚɯɧɚɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɠɟɱɟɦɜɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɬɟɚɬɪɚɯɗɬɨ
ɨɬɪɚɞɧɨɇɨɤɚɤɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɬɚɤɱɬɨɛɵɨɧɢɧɟɭɲɥɢɢɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ
ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ"ɑɬɨɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɧɭɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɦɬɟɚɬɪɚ"ɑɬɨɧɭɠɧɨ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɚɦ²ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɚɦ"ɑɬɨɧɭɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɧɚɦɜɫɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɭɠɚɧ
ɪɚɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɧɨɜɵɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢɱɬɨɛɵɨɩɟɪɧɵɣɬɟɚɬɪɜɨɲɟɥɜɠɢɡɧɶ
ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ"Ɉɩɟɪɚ²ɷɬɨɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɧɨɟɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɬɶɧɚɲɭɠɢɡɧɶɢɞɚɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭɩɪɢɲɟɞɲɟɦɭɜɡɚɥɬɟɚɬɪɚɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɦɨɳɧɵɣɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɪɹɞɢɩɨɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɟɧɨɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɤɚɤɭɸɬɨɢɧɭɸɬɨɱɤɭɡɪɟɧɢɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɫɧɢɦɢɜɨɤɪɭɝɧɟɝɨ
əɠɟɥɚɸɜɚɦɭɫɩɟɯɚ
ȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɌɢɬɟɥɶ

ɉɊɂȼȿɌɋɌȼɂȿɈɌɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɌɈɊȺ
ȼɅȺȾɂɆɂɊȺɌȺɊɇɈɉɈɅɖɋɄɈȽɈ
ɋɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɸɢɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧ
ɰɢɢ©Ɉɩɟɪɚɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɟª
Ɉɩɟɪɚ²ɧɚɜɟɪɧɨɟɫɚɦɵɣɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɣɠɚɧɪɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɭɡɵ
ɤɢɊɨɞɢɜɲɢɫɶɢɡɩɨɩɵɬɤɢɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɞɟɣɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɢɡɥɟɬɟɊɟ
ɧɟɫɫɚɧɫɚɦɨɠɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɜɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɭɸɩɨɪɭɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɇɨɜɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɨɩɟɪɚɤɚɤɠɚɧɪɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɥɚɫɶɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɡɚɤɨɫɧɟɜɚ
ɥɚɤɪɢɬɢɤɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɢɨɠɢɜɚɥɚɜɧɨɜɶɢɜɧɨɜɶɂɢɦɟɧɧɨɨɩɟɪɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚɫɶ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢɟɞɜɚɥɢɧɟɤɚɠɞɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɬɟɦɠɚɧ
ɪɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ©ɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥªɢɫɬɨɪɢɸɫɬɪɚɧɵ©ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥªɟɟɤɭɥɶɬɭ
ɪɭɢɞɚɠɟ©ɨɛɨɛɳɚɥªɟɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɞɟɢȼɟɱɧɚɹɛɨɪɶɛɚ©ɝɥɸɤɢɫɬɨɜª
ɢɩɢɱɱɢɧɢɫɬɨɜªɚɬɚɤɠɟɢɯɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɚɜɚɬɚɪɨɜɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɜɟɤɨɜɛɵɥɚɡɧɚɤɨɦɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɣɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢɢ
ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢɷɬɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚɄɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚ²ɷɬɨ
ɤɥɚɞɟɡɶɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɵɯɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɪɚɫɨɬɡɨɥɨɬɨɣɡɚɩɚɫɜɟɱɧɨɠɢɜɨ
ɝɨɦɟɥɨɫɚɷɬɨɜɵɫɲɚɹɫɬɢɯɢɹɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹɬɚɤɨɝɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɮɟɧɨɦɟ
ɧɚɤɚɤɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɝɨɥɨɫ
ȼɤɚɤɨɣɬɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɜɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɟɝɨɞɵɏɏɜɟɤɚɠɚɧɪɨɩɟɪɵ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɫɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɣɨɛɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɜɚɧɝɚɪɞɚɢɡ
ɡɚ©ɯɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɫɬɢªɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ©ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɢɞɟɣªɢɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɯɩɪɢɟɦɨɜȼɟɝɨɞɵɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɱɬɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɨɩɟɪɵɤɚɤɠɚɧɪɚɡɚ
ɤɨɧɱɢɥɚɫɶɨɩɟɪɚ©ɭɬɨɧɭɥɚɜɪɭɬɢɧɟªȼɝɨɞɭɉɶɟɪȻɭɥɟɡɩɪɢɡɜɚɥ
©ɜɡɨɪɜɚɬɶɨɩɟɪɧɵɟɬɟɚɬɪɵªɈɞɧɚɤɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦȻɭɥɟɡɜɨɲɟɥɜɢɫɬɨ
ɪɢɸɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɤɚɤɨɞɢɧɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɹɪɤɢɯɞɢɪɢɠɟɪɨɜɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟ
ɬɚɬɨɪɨɜɨɩɟɪȾɟɛɸɫɫɢȻɟɪɝɚȼɚɝɧɟɪɚȻɚɪɬɨɤɚəɧɚɱɟɤɚɄɬɨɦɭɠɟɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɠɢɡɧɢɨɧɫɚɦɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶɨɩɟɪɭ©ȼɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɢȽɨɞɨªɞɥɹ
ɬɟɚɬɪɚɅɚɋɤɚɥɚɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɚɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɧɚɝɨɞ
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹɤɨɝɞɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɧɨɜɵɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɫɲɢɪɟ
ɧɢɹɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɵɦɭɡɵɤɢɢɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɟɞɜɚɥɢɧɟɤɚɠɞɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɥɢɛɨɩɢɲɟɬɧɨɜɭɸɨɩɟɪɭɥɢɛɨ
ɦɟɱɬɚɟɬɟɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶɄɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɵɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɨɩɟɪɵ²ɨɩɟɪɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ

ɧɚɲɭɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɭɸɢɫɬɨɪɢɸȺɭɱɟɧɵɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬɢɯɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɂɡɚɦɟ
ɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɪɨɞɢɥɚɫɶɫɚɦɚɢɞɟɹɬɚɤɨɝɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨɢɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ
ɝɨ©ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨɲɬɭɪɦɚªɤɚɤɜɚɲɚɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɀɟɥɚɸɟɣɭɫɩɟɯɚɢɹɪ
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ȺɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɜ©ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɟªɜɫɤɨɥɶɡɶɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɜɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫɦɭɡɵɤɨɣɢɨɛɟɳɚɟɬɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɨɧɟɦɹɫɧɟɟɜɫɜɨɟɣ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɟªȼ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɟªɜɱɚ
ɫɬɢɨɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫªɜɨɩɪɟɤɢɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɸɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɟɡɨɜɫɹ
ɤɢɯɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɣɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɱɬɨȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɞɚɥɟɦɭɨɛɴɹɫɧɟ
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ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɹɥɚɷɬɨɬɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɡɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɩɭɫɬɶɧɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɚ
ɝɚɹɟɝɨɬɨɱɧɵɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɢɨɳɭɬɢɥɚɟɝɨɜɟɥɢɤɭɸɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ
ɨɬɫɸɞɚɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɬɟɨɪɢɢɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɚɩɨɹɜɥɹɜɲɢɟɫɹɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɷɩɨɯɢ
ȼɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɞɨɧɚɲɢɯɞɧɟɣɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɩɢɫɚɜɲɢɯ
ɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɢɦɟɥɜɜɢɞɭɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟɤɚɤ
ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɣɨɩɵɬɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɄɬɨɬɨɜɢɞɢɬɜɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɷɦɨɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɵɬɨɥɤɭɹɟɝɨɤɚɤɫɩɨɫɨɛɭɦɢɪɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣ
ɱɟɪɟɡɫɥɟɡɵɫɦɢɪɟɧɢɟɢɩɪȾɪɭɝɢɟɢɧɬɟɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɸɬɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɤɚɤɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɭɦ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɵɢɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɱɬɨɫɭɬɶɟɝɨɜɹɫɧɨɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨɩɨ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɞɟɥɢɭɪɨɤɨɜɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɨɩɵɬɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɨɬɵɬɚɤɠɟɭɦɢɪɨɬɜɨɪɹ
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ɟɥɶɷɬɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɢɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɟɳɟɪɚɡɩɪɨɱɟɪɬɢɬɶɫɢɫɬɟɦɭɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ
ɢɥɢɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɯɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɚɟɬɧɚɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ²
ɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɫɜɹɡɚɜɲɢɣɜɨɟɞɢɧɨɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ©ɬɟɚɬɪª
©ɦɭɡɵɤɚª©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫª
Ɂɚɱɟɦɧɚɦɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɦɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɤɪɟɚɥɢɹɦɫɬɨɥɶɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɦ"ȼɟ
ɪɨɹɬɧɨɧɟɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɩɥɚɱɚɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɟɛɟɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɜɤɚɤɨɣɹɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɱɢɫɬɨɬɟɢɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢɥɸɞɢɠɢɥɢɪɚɧɶɲɟɚɫɟɣɱɚɫɭɠɟɧɟɠɢɜɭɬɌɨɫɤɚɩɨɭɬɪɚ
ɱɟɧɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɨɬɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ±ɷɥɥɢɧɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɥɹɧɚɫɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɛ
ɪɚɡɰɨɦɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ²ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚɪɚɧɶɲɟɱɟɦɛɵɥɚɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚªɂɫɬɨ
ɪɢɤɢɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶȺɪɢɫɬɨɤɫɟɧɢɡɌɚɪɟɧɬɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɡɚɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶɜɟɤɚɞɨ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɢªɭɠɟɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɫɟɛɹɢɫɜɨɢɯɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɫ
ɧɟɤɢɦɢɠɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɉɨɫɟɣɞɨɧɢɢɩɥɚɤɚɜɲɢɦɢɩɨɩɨɜɨɞɭɫɜɨɟɝɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɷɥɥɢɧɫɬɜɚɡɚɝɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɯɨɞɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ
©Ɇɵ²ɤɚɤɠɢɬɟɥɢɉɨɫɟɣɞɨɧɢɢɨɛɢɬɚɸɳɢɟɧɚɛɟɪɟɝɚɯɌɢɪɪɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɡɚ
ɥɢɜɚȼɫɬɚɪɢɧɭɨɧɢɛɵɥɢɷɥɥɢɧɚɦɢɧɨɩɨɬɨɦɫɦɟɲɚɥɢɫɶɫɜɚɪɜɚɪɚɦɢɢɩɪɟ
ɜɪɚɬɢɥɢɫɶɜɬɢɪɪɟɧɨɜɢɪɢɦɥɹɧɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɢɥɢɹɡɵɤɢɩɪɨɱɢɟɨɛɵɱɚɢɨɞɧɚɤɨ
ɨɧɢɟɳɟɢɩɨɫɟɣɞɟɧɶɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɧɚɨɞɢɧɢɡɷɥɥɢɧɫɤɢɯɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɨɜɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ
ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɢɩɨɪɹɞɤɢɝɨɪɸɸɬɩɨɧɢɦɩɥɚɱɭɬɢɪɚɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɩɨɞɨɦɚɦ
ȼɨɬɬɚɤɢɦɵɤɨɝɞɚɡɪɟɥɢɳɚɧɚɲɢɫɬɚɥɢɜɚɪɜɚɪɫɤɢɦɢɚɦɭɡɵɤɚɢɫɩɨɪɱɟɧɚ
ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɜɤɭɫɨɦɦɵɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɟɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɫɹɧɚɟɞɢɧɟɫɫɨɛɨɣɜɫɩɨɦɢ
ɧɚɟɦɤɚɤɨɣɷɬɚɦɭɡɵɤɚɛɵɥɚɩɪɟɠɞɟª>@
Ɇɵɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɦɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɟɚɬɪɨɦɢ
ɦɭɡɵɤɨɣɧɟɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɫɬɚɥɢɠɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɉɨɫɟɣɞɨɧɢɢ²ɷɥɥɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɫɭɞɶɛɚɡɚɝɧɚɥɚɧɚɛɟɪɟɝɚɌɢɪɪɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɦɨɪɹɢɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɥɚɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹɫɜɚɪɜɚɪɚɦɢ
ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɜɜɨɣɧɚɯɫɪɢɦɥɹɧɚɦɢɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɧɚɪɨɞɚɦɢɢɬɟɦ
ɫɚɦɵɦɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɬɶɫɜɨɸɛɵɥɭɸɱɢɫɬɨɬɭɢɭɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɱɶɢɩɪɨɱɶɨɬɞɪɟɜɧɟ
ɝɨɡɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɜɟɤɚȾɟɥɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɜɞɪɭɝɨɦȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɞɚɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɪɚɝɟ
ɞɢɢɨɬɤɪɵɥɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɫɸɠɟɬɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɢɫɜɨɟɣɡɚɝɚɞɤɟ
ɢɦɚɧɹɳɟɣɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɛɵɥɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɜɨɜɫɟɷɩɨɯɢɤɨɝɞɚɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹ
ɥɢɨɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ

ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɇɌȽɨɥɢɧɤɟɜɢɱɚ
Ɍɟɚɬɪɦɭɡɵɤɚɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫ
©Ʉɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɭªɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɚɹɤɥɚɭɡɭɥɚɢɥɢɤɨɧɰɨɜɤɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɢɡ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɢªɞɚɥɟɟɜɰɢɬɚɬɟɨɧɚɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɚɤɭɪɫɢɜɨɦ©Ɍɪɚɝɟɞɢɹɟɫɬɶ
ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɦɭɢɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɦɭɢɦɟɸɳɟɦɭɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɨɛɴɟɦɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɦɨɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ!ɪɟɱɢɭɫɥɚɳɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɪɚɡɧɨɦɭɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɟɟ
ɱɚɫɬɹɯɱɟɪɟɡɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ!ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɚɧɟɜɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢɱɟɪɟɡɫɨɫɬɪɚ
ɞɚɧɢɟɢɫɬɪɚɯɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɟɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜª>@
Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɦɟɬɢɥɢɱɬɨɤɥɚɭɡɭɥɚɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚɜ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɟªɛɟɡ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɢɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɜɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯɩɹɬɢɝɥɚɜɚɯȽɗɥɫɩɢɲɟɬ©ɗɬɚɱɚɫɬɶ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɧɢɤɨɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɧɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚª>±@Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟɬɟɪɦɢ
ɧɵɩɪɹɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɢɥɢɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɦɵɟɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɬɚɤ
ɢɥɢɢɧɚɱɟɛɵɥɢɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɵȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɟɦ©ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɟª©ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟªɫɤɥɨɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɷɬɨɜɤɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɭɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɦɭɢɧɢɡɤɨɦɭɢɬɞ²ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɫɟ
ɤɪɨɦɟ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɚªɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɟɝɨɪɚɡɭɦɟ
ɟɬɫɹɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɱɬɨɤɥɚɭɡɭɥɭɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɞɨɛɚɜɢɥɤɭɠɟɝɨɬɨ
ɜɨɦɭɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɜɟɪɧɭɜɲɢɫɶɤɧɟɦɭɜɯɨɞɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɢª
Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɩɟɞɚɧɬɢɱɧɵɣɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣɬɟɪ
ɦɢɧɨɜɧɟɞɚɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɭȼɫɟɬɟɨɪɢɢɨɬ;9,ɜɟɤɚɞɨɧɚɲɢɯɞɧɟɣ
ɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɢɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɣɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫªɭɤɨɬɨɪɨ
ɝɨɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɢɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
Ʉɚɤɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ©ɬɟɨɪɢɹ³ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɚ´Ⱥɪɢ
ɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɩɪɟɞɚɧɚɡɚɛɜɟɧɢɸɧɨɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ«ª>@ȼȿɜɪɨɩɟȼɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɇɨɜɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɞɟɹɤɚ
ɬɚɪɫɢɫɚɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɣ
ɩɪɹɦɨɡɚɧɢɦɚɜɲɢɯɫɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɧɨɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɬɟɚɬɪɟɢɟɡɭɢ
ɬɨɜ;9,,ɜɟɤɚ©Ⱦɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɬɟɨɪɢɹɬɟɚɬɪɚɢɟɡɭɢɬɨɜ!ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɨɪɢɟɧ
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɧɚɪɟɚɥɢɢɬɟɚɬɪɚɋɟɧɟɤɢɫɬɪɟɦɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɶɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɱɟ
ɪɟɡɲɨɤɢɭɠɚɫɧɚɫɢɥɢɟɢɤɪɨɜɶª>@ɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ©³ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫ´
ɩɨɱɬɢɫɬɚɥɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɦɤɫɥɨɜɭ³ɢɫɰɟɥɟɧɢɟ´ª>@ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɚɧɬɪɨɩɨ
ɥɨɝɢɜɢɞɹɬɤɧɟɦɭɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɯ©³Ʉɚ
ɬɚɪɫɢɫ´«ɛɥɢɡɨɤɤɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɦɢɫɰɟɥɟɧɢɹɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨ²ɬɚ
ɤɢɦɤɚɤNRODPɜɒɪɢɅɚɧɤɟ!ª>@ȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɚɯɩɨɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɟ
ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɨɱɬɨɜɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɜɢɞɢɬ©ɰɟɥɶɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢª>@ȼ;;
ɜɟɤɟɨɯɨɬɧɨɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɢɨɛɨɥɟɟɨɛɳɢɯɜɟɳɚɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɜɤɚ
ɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɫɦɵɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɤɚ
ɬɚɪɫɢɫɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ©ɫɭɬɶɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹª>@
ɋɚɦȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɨɰɟɥɹɯɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɜɩɨɥɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɢɛɟɡ
ɫɥɨɜɚ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫªȼɨɞɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɭɧɟɝɨɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɱɬɨ©ɰɟɥɶɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢ²ɩɨ
ɤɚɡɚɬɶ!ɤɚɤɨɟɬɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɚɧɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ«ɰɟɥɶɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɵ
ɬɢɹɫɤɚɡɚɧɢɹª>@Ⱦɚɥɟɟɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɹɨɬɨɦɤɚɤɚɹɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɹɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɚɹ
Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɜɧɨɜɶɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɟɬɧɢɫɥɨɜɚɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɯɨɬɹɛɭɞɟɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ

ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɆɅȽɚɫɩɚɪɨɜɚɫɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɨ©ɫɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɢɢɫɬɪɚɯɟªɤɚɤɨɛɷɦɨɰɢɹɯɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɭɬɶ©ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨª
>±@ɷɬɢɷɦɨɰɢɢɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɚɦɫɸɠɟɬ²ɫɤɥɚɞɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɚɧɟ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɵɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɵȿɳɟɜɞɪɭɝɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɨɧɫɤɚɠɟɬɱɬɨɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɨ
ɷɬɵɞɨɛɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ©ɬɪɚɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢªɢɥɢɯɨɬɹɛɵ©ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɥɸɛɢɹªɢɫɧɨɜɚɧɟɞɨ
ɛɚɜɢɬɧɢɫɥɨɜɚɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟ>@
Ʉɚɤɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɬɟɚɬɪɭɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɢɞɟɣɢɦɟɟɬɦɭɡɵɤɚ"Ɇɭ
ɡɵɤɚ²ɨɞɢɧɢɡɲɟɫɬɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɟɟ©ɝɥɚɜ
ɧɟɣɲɢɦɢɡɭɫɥɚɳɟɧɢɣª>@ȼɨɬɤɚɤɨɧɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɲɟɫɬɶɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɜ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɭɛɵɜɚɧɢɹɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɸɠɟɬP\WKRVɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɵɦɵɫɥɶ
ɪɟɱɶɦɭɡɵɤɚɡɪɟɥɢɳɟRSVLVɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɱɬɨɟɫɥɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɷɬɭɢɟ
ɪɚɪɯɢɸɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬɜɟɫɶɦɚɭɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɵɣɢɬɨɱɧɵɣɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɷɥɟ
ɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ©ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨªɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɡɪɟɥɢɳɟɦɭɡɵɤɚɪɟɱɶ
ɨɧɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɛɟɡɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɦɵɫɥɢɦɵɫɥɶɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɵɜɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ
ɤɟɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɩɥɚɧɟɫɸɠɟɬɟɝɨɦɨɠɟɬɜɨɨɛ
ɳɟɧɟɛɵɬɶȾɚɥɟɟɜ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɟªɩɨɫɥɟȽɥɚɜɵ9,ɧɟɬɩɪɹɦɵɯɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣɨ
ɦɭɡɵɤɟɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟɜɟɳɢɨɧɟɣȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɬɪɚɤ
ɬɚɬɚɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ
ȼɨɩɟɪɜɵɯɞɜɟɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɨɷɡɢɢɩɨȺɪɢ
ɫɬɨɬɟɥɸ©ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɹɢɪɢɬɦª>@ɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɦɟɥɨɫɨɦɨɧɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɭɬɶ
ɦɭɡɵɤɢ
ȼɨɜɬɨɪɵɯɦɭɡɵɤɚ²ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɟɢɡɜɫɟɯɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨ
ɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹɚɮɢɧɫɤɢɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɞɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɟɚɬɪɚɚɦɭɡɵ
ɤɚɧɬɵ²ɩɟɪɜɵɟɢɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɵɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɇɟɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɜɫɪɟɞɟɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɜɛɵɥɢɬɟɤɬɨɩɨ
ɫɥɨɜɚɦȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɢɡɨɛɪɟɥɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɸ©ɡɚɩɟɜɚɥɵɞɢɮɢɪɚɦɛɚªɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ
©ɡɚɱɢɧɚɬɟɥɢɞɢɮɢɪɚɦɛɚªɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɝɥɚɜɧɵɣɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɞɢ
ɮɢɪɚɦɛɚɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɠɟɪɬɜɨɩɪɢɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ²ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣɚɜɥɨɫɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶ
ɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬȾɢɨɧɢɫɚ²ɩɟɪɟɲɟɥɢɡɞɢɮɢɪɚɦɛɚɜɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɸɚɢɡɩɪɚɡɞ
ɧɢɱɧɵɯɲɟɫɬɜɢɣɧɚɨɛɪɹɞɚɯɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹɨɬ©ɡɚɩɟɜɚɥɮɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɟɫɟɧª
ɩɨȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɸ²ɜɤɨɦɟɞɢɸȾɜɨɣɧɨɣɚɜɥɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɫɹɢɜɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɚɧɬɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɢɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɚ
ɂɬɚɤɜ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɟªɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚɫɜɹɡɶɦɟɠɞɭɬɟɚɬɪɨɦɢɦɭɡɵɤɨɣɬɟɚɬɪɨɦ
ɢɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɨɦɋɜɹɡɶɦɟɠɞɭɦɭɡɵɤɨɣɢɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɨɦɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚɜ©ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɟª
ȼɨɫɶɦɭɸɤɧɢɝɭ©ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɢªȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɧɚɸɬɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɵɩɨ
ɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɪɟɱɶɜɧɟɣɢɞɟɬɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ©ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢªɢɥɢɥɚɞɵɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɢɦ©ɦɟɥɨɫɵªɢɥɢ
ɩɟɫɧɢɧɚ©ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟªɨɧɢɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ©ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟªɞɚɸɬɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɢɟ
ɨɬɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɜɬɪɭɞɚɯɢ©ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟªɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɬɧɪɚɜ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɞɭɲɢɇɚɞɨɱɬɨɛɵɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɟɫɧɢɩɟɥɢɫɚɦɢɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ
ɸɧɨɲɢɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɬɬɚɤɢɯɩɟɫɟɧɨɧɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɥɭɱɲɟɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɟɟɞɨɛɥɟɫɬ
ɧɟɟɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɟɫɧɢɧɚɞɨɧɟɫɚɦɢɦɩɟɬɶɚɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ
ɜɬɟɚɬɪɚɯɢɨɞɟɨɧɚɯɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɱɟɪɟɡɧɢɯɜɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɧɟ
ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɦɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɧɨɦɨɬɞɭɲɟɜɧɨɝɨɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫ
ɄɚɤɷɬɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶ"ȿɫɬɶɫɢɥɶɧɵɟɚɮɮɟɤɬɵɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡɦɫɨ
ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟɫɬɪɚɯɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɚɫɫɚɠɚɯȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɤɧɢɦɟɳɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɝɧɟɜɗɬɢɦɢɥɢɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɚɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɩɨɞɜɥɚɫɬɧɵɜɫɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɬɟ
ɩɟɧɢɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɭɲɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɚɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɜɨɡ
ɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɸɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟɩɟɫɧɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ©ɩɟɫɧɢɈɥɢɦɩɚªɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ
ɞɭɲɭ©ɢɡɛɵɬɤɨɦɨɪɝɢɚɡɦɚªH[RUJLD]R\VDLɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬɬɚɤɢɦɥɸɞɹɦ©ɤɚɤɛɵ
ɭɜɪɚɱɟɜɚɧɢɟɢɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫª>@Ɍɨɠɟɫɚɦɨɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɫɠɚɥɨɫɬɥɢɜɵɦɢ
ɢɛɨɹɡɥɢɜɵɦɢɥɸɞɶɦɢɫɧɢɦɢɬɨɠɟ©ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɢɨɧɢ
ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟɫɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦª²ɬɨɟɫɬɶɩɨɚɧɚɥɨ
ɝɢɢɫɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɟɫɧɹɦɢɱɟɪɟɡɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɞɭɲɢ©ɢɡɛɵɬɤɨɦɨɪ
ɝɢɚɡɦɚªɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɦɭɡɵɤɢ
Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɜ©ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɟªɜɫɜɹɡɢɫ
©ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢªɩɟɫɧɨɩɟɧɢɹɦɢ©ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟªɩɟɫɧɢɩɨȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟ
ɥɸɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɭɸɪɚɞɨɫɬɶNKDUDDEODEHɢɬɨɠɟɯɨɪɨɲɢɜɬɟɚɬɪɟ
>±@©ɗɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹªɢ©ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹªɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɭɠɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ
ɝɪɭɛɵɦɢɧɟɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ²ɪɟɦɟɫɥɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɞɚɩɨɞɟɧɳɢɤɚɦɢɦɧɚɞɨɭɫɬɪɚ
ɢɜɚɬɶɱɚɫɵɨɬɞɵɯɚɢɪɚɞɢɷɬɨɝɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɜɬɟɚɬɪɚɯɡɪɟɥɢɳɚɢɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɹȾɭɲɢ
ɥɸɞɟɣɧɟɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɧɵɯɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɸɬɫɹɨɬɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵɬɚɤɢɜɩɟɫɧɹɯɢɦɩɨɞɯɨɞɹ
ɳɢɯɟɫɬɶɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɢɩɨɥɭɬɨɧɚɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɟɢɡɥɢɲɧɢɟɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɧɚɩɪɹ
ɠɟɧɢɹɢɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɢɯɞɭɲɟ>@ȼɷɬɨɦɪɚɫ
ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɬɚɠɟɦɵɫɥɶɱɬɨɢɜ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɟªɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ
ɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɨɬɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɧɟɯɨɞɹɜɬɟɚɬɪɢɛɨɫɢɥɚ
ɟɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɢ©ɛɟɡɚɤɬɟɪɨɜɢɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɣª>@
Ⱦɥɹɦɧɨɝɢɯɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɨɜɷɬɢɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɫɥɭɠɚɬɪɚɡɝɚɞɤɨɣɡɚ
ɝɚɞɨɱɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɢªɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɹɜɧɨɬɚɤɧɟɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɩɨɬɨɦɭ
ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ©ɑɬyɦɵɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɨɦɷɬɨɝɨɬɟɩɟɪɶɦɵɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɧɟɛɭɞɟɦ
ɚɜɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɢ³Ɉɩɨɷɬɢɤɟ´ɫɤɚɠɟɦɨɛɷɬɨɦɹɫɧɟɟª>@ɇɨɬɚɤɢɧɟɫɤɚɡɚɥ
Ʉɚɤɩɢɲɟɬɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɚɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɟɜɫɤɢɟɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɜ©ɉɨɥɢɬɢ
ɤɟªɞɟɥɚɸɬɩɨɩɵɬɤɭɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫªɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ©ɢɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɢ
ɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɜɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɥɧɨɣɪɚɡɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɧɢɣª>@
ȼɫɟɠɟɢɡ©ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɢªɦɵɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɜɚɠɧɵɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟɬɟ
ɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɨɩɵɬ©ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟɫɭɞɨɜɨɥɶ
ɫɬɜɢɟɦªNR\SKL]HVWKDLPHWK¶KHGRQHV©ɨɬɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟªDQDSD\VLV©ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞ
ɧɚɹɪɚɞɨɫɬɶªNKDUDDEODEHɄɚɤɨɧɢɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɫɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɨɦɜɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢ
²ɷɬɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣɢɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɣɜɨɩɪɨɫ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɪɚɱɭɸɳɟɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɭɡɵɤɢ²ɞɚɜɧɹɹɬɟɦɚɚɧɬɢɱ
ɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɜɲɚɹɫɹɜɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɄɚɤɩɢɲɟɬ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ©ɜɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɦɦɢɪɟɦɭɡɵɤɚɢɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɛɵɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵɞɥɹɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɭɲɢª>@Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶɩɚɫ
ɫɚɠɢɢɡɣɤɧɢɝɢȺɮɢɧɟɹ©ɉɢɪɦɭɞɪɟɰɨɜªɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ
ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɢɫɤɨɧɧɨɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɭɡɵɤɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɜɨɫ
ɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɧɪɚɜɭɫɦɢɪɹɟɬɩɵɥɤɢɯɫɦɹɝɱɚɟɬɫɩɨɪɹɳɢɯ>@
ȼɥɟɝɟɧɞɵɜɨɲɟɥɩɢɮɚɝɨɪɟɟɰɄɥɢɧɢɣ²ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟ
ɧɢɹɢɧɪɚɜɚɜɫɹɤɢɣɪɚɡɤɨɝɞɚɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɝɧɟɜɚɛɪɚɥɥɢɪɭɢɧɚɱɢ
ɧɚɥɢɝɪɚɬɶɟɝɨɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɥɢ©ɡɚɱɟɦ"ªɨɧɨɬɜɟɱɚɥ©ɭɫɩɨɤɚɢɜɚɸɫɟɛɹªɉɨȽɨ
ɦɟɪɭɨɞɧɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɥɢɪɚɦɨɝɥɚɭɫɦɢɪɢɬɶɩɵɥɤɢɣɧɪɚɜȺɯɢɥɥɚɄɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ
ɧɢɨɞɢɧɢɡɚɧɬɢɱɧɵɯɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɧɟɫɤɚɡɚɥɱɬyɢɦɟɧɧɨɢɝɪɚɥȺɯɢɥɥɤɨɝɞɚɯɨɬɟɥ
ɭɫɦɢɪɢɬɶɫɟɛɹɢɭɫɥɚɞɢɬɶȽɪɭɫɬɧɵɟɥɢɩɚɫɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɦɟɥɨɞɢɢɨɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɚɯ
ɢɧɢɦɮɚɯɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɣɎɬɢɢɨɬɤɭɞɚɨɧɪɨɞɨɦ"ɂɝɪɢɜɭɸɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɭɸɜɞɭɯɟ
Ⱥɧɚɤɪɟɨɧɬɚ"ɂɥɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɹɚɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɟɜɫɤɨɣɬɟɨɪɢɢ©ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɨɪɝɢɚɡ
ɦɚª²ɱɬɨɬɨɧɚɩɨɞɨɛɢɟɪɨɤɦɭɡɵɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɫɨɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɪɚɫɫɟɪ
ɠɟɧɧɚɹɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɶ"Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɹɬɟɨɪɢɸɤɚɬɚɪɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡɦɚ
ɱɟɪɟɡɦɭɡɵɤɭɭɱɟɧɢɤȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɎɟɨɮɪɚɫɬɜɫɜɨɟɦɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɟ©Ɉɛɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡ
ɦɟªɧɚɩɢɫɚɥɞɚɠɟɬɨɱɬɨɦɵɨɬɧɟɫɟɦɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɤɪɚɡɪɹɞɭɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɭɪɶɟ
ɡɨɜ©Ʉɬɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬɫɟɞɚɥɢɳɧɵɦɧɟɪɜɨɦɭɬɟɯɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɛɨɥɶɟɫɥɢɧɚɞɷɬɢɦ
ɦɟɫɬɨɦɱɬɨɧɢɛɭɞɶɫɵɝɪɚɬɶɜɨɮɪɢɝɢɣɫɤɨɦɥɚɞɭªɗɬɭɰɢɬɚɬɭɬɨɠɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥ
Ⱥɮɢɧɟɣ>@
ɋɜɟɫɬɢɜɨɟɞɢɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ©ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɣªɥɚɞɨɜɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚ
ɧɢɢɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣɉɥɚɬɨɧɚɢȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɦɨɠɧɨɜɜɢɞɟɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ
©ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɟªɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ ©ɜɹɥɵɟªɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ
Ⱦɨɪɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɪɢɝɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɋɬɪɨɝɚɹɥɢɞɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ʌɢɞɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɂɨɧɢɣɫɤɚɹ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹɥɢɞɢɣɫɤɚɹ
ɯɨɪɨɜɵɟɩɟɫ ɞɢɮɢɪɚɦɛ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɫɧɢɞɥɹ ɡɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɵɟ
ɧɨɩɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɹ ɩɥɚɱɩɪɢɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɩɟɫɧɢ
ɞɟɬɫɤɢɟɩɟɫɧɢ ɤɨɦɟɞɢɹ
>ɫɚɬɢɪɨɜ
ɫɤɚɹɞɪɚɦɚ@
ɉɥɚɬɨɧ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶ
ɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡɦɤɚ ɫɤɨɪɛɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ

ɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɪɫɢɫ ɫɭɦɪɚɱɧɵɣ ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟɧɚ ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟɧɚ
ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɚ ɜɚɤɯɢɱɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɟ
ɫɤɢɣɷɤɫɬɚɡ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ
ɨɪɝɢɚɡɦɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɶ ɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɥɹɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
ɢɫɬɚɪɢɤɨɜ
ɜɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɛɨ ɛɟɡɨɛɢɞ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɟɢɡ
ɬɪɭɞ ɝɨɜɦɨɥɢɬɜɚɦɢɢ ɧɵɟɡɚɛɚɜɵ ɧɟɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣɞɨɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɨɣɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɚɹ
ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢ
ɝɪɭɛɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɚ
ɡɵɪɚɫɩɭɬɫɬɜɚ
ɥɢɪɚɤɢɮɚɪɚ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣɚɜɥɨɫ
ɬɟɚɬɪ ɬɟɚɬɪ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɱɧɚɹɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɫɤɨɥɶɛɵɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɣɨɧɚɧɢɛɵɥɚɩɪɨɹɫɧɹɟɬ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɭɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɜɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ9±,9ɜɟɤɨɜɞɨɧɷɇɚɩɪɢ
ɦɟɪɜɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɦɨɠɧɨɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɦɟɥɨɞɢɢɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹɫɩɨɝɪɟɛɚɥɶ
ɧɵɦɩɥɚɱɟɦɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶɜɧɟɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɤɚɤɠɚɧɪɚɱɬɨɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɹ
ɤɚɤɢɞɢɮɢɪɚɦɛɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɫɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɦ©ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɬɪɚɫɬ
ɧɵɦªɮɪɢɝɢɣɫɤɢɦɥɚɞɨɦɱɬɨ©ɨɬɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟªɜɬɟɚɬɪɟɛɵɥɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɜɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɫɤɨɦɟɞɢɟɣɬɨɝɞɚɤɚɤ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫªɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɫɹɜɧɟɫɜɹɡɢɫ©ɨɬɞɨɯ
ɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦªɧɨɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹɫɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɞɭɲɢ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚ©ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟªɦɵɩɪɢɜɵɤɥɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɟɝɨ
ɜɨɩɵɬɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɚȺɜɝɭɫɬɢɧɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɬɪɟɬɶɟɣɤɧɢɝɢ©ɂɫɩɨɜɟɞɢª
ɤɨɧɟɰ,9ɜɟɤɚɧɷɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɜɨɣɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɨɩɵɬɜɄɚɪɮɚɝɟɧɫɤɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɟ
ɢɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɨɬɨɦɦɨɝɭɬɥɢɩɟɱɚɥɢɛɵɬɶɥɸɛɟɡɧɵɢɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ
©Ɍɨɝɞɚɹɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣɥɸɛɢɥɩɟɱɚɥɢɬɶɫɹɢɢɫɤɚɥɩɨɜɨɞɨɜɞɥɹɩɟɱɚɥɢɢɝɪɚɚɤɬɟ
ɪɚɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɜɲɟɝɨɧɚɩɨɞɦɨɫɬɤɚɯɱɭɠɨɟɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟɝɨɪɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɧɟɧɪɚ
ɜɢɥɚɫɶɢɫɢɥɶɧɟɟɦɟɧɹɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɥɚɟɫɥɢɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɚɫɥɟɡɵª>@
ɊɟɞɤɨɡɚɞɭɦɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɤɚɤɨɦɢɦɟɧɧɨɠɚɧɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɡɞɟɫɶȺɜɝɭɫɬɢɧɢ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɸɬɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɸɈɞɧɚɤɨɞɪɭɝɨɣɩɚɫɫɚɠɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ
ɟɬɱɬɨɨɧɢɦɟɥɜɜɢɞɭɤɨɦɟɞɢɸɫɥɸɛɨɜɧɵɦɫɸɠɟɬɨɦ©Ɍɨɝɞɚɜɬɟɚɬɪɟɹɪɚ
ɞɨɜɚɥɫɹɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɢɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɚɥɢɫɶɜɩɨɡɨɪɟɯɨɬɹɜɫɟ
ɷɬɨɛɵɥɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɵɦɵɫɥɨɦɢɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɝɪɨɣɄɨɝɞɚɠɟɨɧɢɬɟɪɹɥɢɞɪɭɝ
ɞɪɭɝɚɹɨɝɨɪɱɚɥɫɹɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɛɵɫɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɹɢɦɢɜɨɛɨɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɧɚ
ɫɥɚɠɞɚɥɫɹɨɞɧɚɤɨ«ª>@ɄɨɦɟɞɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɥȺɜɝɭɫɬɢɧɢɦɟ
ɥɚɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨɫɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɟɣɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɚɦɨɬɫɱɚ
ɫɬɶɹɤɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɶɸɢɜɧɟɲɧɟɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɦɚɫɤɚɦɢɢɛɨɦɚɫɤɢɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɸɧɨɲɟɣɢɞɟɜɭɲɟɤɜɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɛɵɥɢɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵɢɡɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢ>±@
Ɍɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ²©ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɨɬɩɟɱɚɥɢªȺɜɝɭɫɬɢɧɧɟɫɜɹ
ɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɨɦɈɧɩɢɲɟɬ©ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɬɟɦɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɨɥɧɭɟɬɫɹɜɬɟɚɬɪɟɱɟɦ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟɨɧɫɚɦɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨɬɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɣ«ª>@ɋɬɚɥɨɛɵɬɶ
ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɩɪɨɢɫɬɟɤɚɸɬɨɬɧɟɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɣɥɸɛɨɜɧɵɯɩɨɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣɢɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɭɬɢ
ɪɚɞɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɢɞɹɬɨɱɬɨɫɚɦɧɟɯɨɬɟɥɛɵɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɶɩɨɯɨɠɟɧɚɪɚɫɱɟɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɨɝɬɹɦɢɤɨɠɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɧɟɢɫɰɟɥɟɧɢɟɚɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ©ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟɢɨɬ
ɜɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɝɧɨɣɧɭɸɨɩɭɯɨɥɶªɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɫɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɢɫɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɟɢɡ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɞɪɭɠɛɵɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɂɛɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɫɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɹɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɠɟɥɚɬɶɱɬɨɛɵɛɵɥɢɫɬɪɚɞɚɥɶɰɵɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɦɨɧɛɵɫɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɥ©Ȼɵɜɚɟɬɫɤɨɪɛɶɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɧɨɧɟɬɧɢ
ɨɞɧɨɣɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɥɸɛɜɢª>@
ɋɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢȺɜɝɭɫɬɢɧɚɧɚɞɨɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɢɡ©ɇɢɤɨɦɚɯɨɜɨɣ
ɷɬɢɤɢªȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɨɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɢɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɹ>@ɍɞɨ
ɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɦɨɝɭɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɤɚɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɟɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɨɢɛɨɧɚɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɬɟɫɧɹ
ɸɬɥɸɛɵɟɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɹɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɤɚɤɛɵɢɫɰɟɥɹɹɈɞɧɚɤɨɬɚɤɢɟɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ

ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɆȿɋɟɪɝɟɟɧɤɨ

ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɆȿɋɟɪɝɟɟɧɤɨ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɢɢɦɟɸɬɩɨȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɸɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɧɢɡɤɢɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɧɢɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɢɫɩɨɪɱɟɧɧɨɦɭɛɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ©ɭɬɥɨɦɭªɤɨɬɨɪɨ
ɦɭɧɚɞɨɢɫɰɟɥɢɬɶɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɜɫɜɨɸɩɪɢɪɨɞɭɚ
ɧɟɫɬɢɪɚɹɫɥɟɞɵɧɟɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɟɟɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɸ©ɢɫɰɟɥɟɧɢɟɱɟɪɟɡɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟªɩɨɯɨɠɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɟɬ
ɤɭɨɬɩɨɯɦɟɥɶɹɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɟɥɟɱɢɬɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɟɤɜɢɧɭ©ɍɹɡɜɢɦɵɟɨɬɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢª²ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɷɬɨɦɭɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɦɭɫɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɧɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɥɨɜɨ©ɤɚɬɚɪ
ɫɢɫªɈɬɚɤɨɦɠɟɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɢɨɬɩɟɱɚɥɢɜɬɨɦɠɟɞɭɯɟɱɬɨɢȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɢ
ɛɟɡɫɥɨɜɚ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫªɝɨɜɨɪɢɬȺɜɝɭɫɬɢɧɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɹɫɟɛɹɧɟɛɟɡɫɬɵɞɚɦɨɥɨ
ɞɵɦɫɪɟɞɢɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣɜɄɚɪɮɚɝɟɧɫɤɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɟ
ȼɪɚɧɧɟɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɫɥɨɜɨ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫªɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɬɟɚɬɪɭ©ɑɢɫɬɵɟªɜɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟ²ɷɬɨ©ɱɢɫɬɵɟɫɟɪɞɰɟɦª
NDWKDURLWHNDUGLDɤɚɤɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɜɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɹɯɛɥɚɠɟɧɫɬɜɚɢɡɇɚɝɨɪɧɨɣɩɪɨɩɨɜɟ
ɞɢɑɢɫɬɨɬɚɫɟɪɞɰɚɢɥɢ©ɜɡɵɫɤɭɟɦɚɹɱɢɫɬɨɬɚªɩɨȽɪɢɝɨɪɢɸȻɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɭɞɚ
ɟɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɤɚɹɧɢɟɢɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ
ȼɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɣɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɨɬȽɟɪɚɤɥɢɬɚɞɨɉɥɚɬɨɧɚɪɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɫɬɨɥɶɠɟɫɬɪɨɝɫɤɨɥɶɢɜɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣɢɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦɫɨ
ɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɸɢɢɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɨɬɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɹɍȽɟɪɚɤɥɢɬɚɜɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɟ
ɩɨȾɢɥɶɫɭɄɪɚɧɰɭɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ©ɂɧɵɟɨɱɢɳɚɸɬɫɹɤɪɨɜɶɸɤɪɨɜɶɸ!ɨɫɤɜɟɪɧɟɧ
ɧɵɟɤɚɤɟɫɥɢɛɵɤɬɨɜɝɪɹɡɶɜɨɣɞɹɝɪɹɡɶɸɨɬɦɵɜɚɥɫɹɟɝɨɛɵɫɨɱɥɢɫɭɦɚɫɲɟɞ
ɲɢɦɟɫɥɢɤɬɨɢɡɥɸɞɟɣɡɚɦɟɬɢɥɱɬɨɨɧɬɚɤɞɟɥɚɟɬɂɢɡɜɚɹɧɢɹɦɷɬɢɦɜɨɬɨɧɢ
ɦɨɥɹɬɫɹɤɚɤɟɫɥɢɛɵɤɬɨɛɟɫɟɞɨɜɚɥɫɞɨɦɚɦɢɧɟɡɧɚɹɛɨɝɨɜɢɝɟɪɨɟɜɤɚɤɨɜɵɨɧɢ
ɟɫɬɶª>@Ɉɱɢɳɚɟɬɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɧɟɤɪɨɜɶɠɟɪɬɜɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɫɥɸɞɫɤɢɦɢɩɨɞɟɥ
ɤɚɦɢɧɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɛɨɝɨɜɢɝɟɪɨɟɜɤɚɤɨɜɵɨɧɢɟɫɬɶɛɟɡɥɸɞɫɤɢɯɦɧɟɧɢɣɈɬɤɭɞɚɷɬɨ
ɡɧɚɧɢɟɢɡɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢ"ɢɥɢɢɡɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɣ"Ƚɟɪɚɤɥɢɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɦɢɫɬɟ
ɪɢɹɯɢɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɯɫɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢɭɧɟɝɨɧɟɬ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɧɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɢɤɚɤɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɜɝɪɹɡɢɟɫɬɶɢɭɉɥɚ
ɬɨɧɚɜ©ɎɟɞɨɧɟªɝɞɟɨɧɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɋɨɤɪɚɬɚɤɚɤɛɭɞɬɨɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬȽɟɪɚɤɥɢ
ɬɚ©ɋɨɲɟɞɲɢɣɜȺɢɞɧɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɦɛɭɞɟɬɥɟɠɚɬɶɜɝɪɹɡɢɚɨɱɢɫɬɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ
ɢɩɪɢɧɹɜɲɢɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɢɟɨɬɨɣɞɹɜȺɢɞɩɨɫɟɥɹɬɫɹɫɪɟɞɢɛɨɝɨɜªɇɟɫɟɬɥɢɫ
ɫɨɛɨɣɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɹɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɹɯ"ɉɥɚɬɨɧɤɚ
ɠɟɬɫɹɞɚɟɬɧɚɦɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɤɚɤɛɭɞɬɨɩɪɟɞɜɨɫɯɢɳɚɟɬ
Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɟɜɫɤɭɸɤɥɚɭɡɭɥɭɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨɤɭɪɫɢɜɨɦɥɸɞɢɧɟɫɦɨɝɭɬ
ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ©ɫɞɚɜɚɹɫɶɧɚɦɢɥɨɫɬɶɨɞɧɢɯɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɣɢɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɩɨ
ɛɟɠɞɚɹɞɪɭɝɢɟ«Ɋɚɡɜɟɷɬɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣɨɛɦɟɧ²ɦɟɧɹɬɶɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɭɞɨ
ɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɨɝɨɪɱɟɧɢɟɧɚɨɝɨɪɱɟɧɢɟɫɬɪɚɯɧɚɫɬɪɚɯ«"Ɇɟɠɞɭɬɟɦɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟ²
ɷɬɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɯɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ!ɚɪɚɫɫɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɶɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɨɢɫɚɦɪɚɡɭɦ²ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɱɢɫɬɤɢª>@Ɍɚɤɚɹɱɢ

ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞȺȼɅɟɛɟɞɟɜɚɫɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ

ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɋɉɆɚɪɤɢɲɚ
ɫɬɨɬɚɨɱɟɧɶɩɨɯɨɠɚɧɚɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɭɸɱɢɫɬɨɬɭɫɟɪɞɰɚɩɨɫɥɨɜɚɦȺɧɬɨɧɢɹȼɟ
ɥɢɤɨɝɨ©ɱɢɫɬɨɬɚɫɟɪɞɰɚɛɵɜɚɟɬɤɨɝɞɚɢɦɩɪɚɜɢɬɭɦª>@
ȼɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɹɡɵɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɨ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟªɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɤɨɦɟ
ɞɢɢɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɥɢɜɩɟɪɢɩɚɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɩɨɫɥɟȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨ
ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɨ,,ɜɟɤɚɞɨɧɷȼɬɧɄɨɣɫɥɢɧɢɚɧɫɤɨɦɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɟɦ
ɫɹɜɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɯɟɫɬɶɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɟɜɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɩɨ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɚɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɢɢɦɟɸɳɟɟɫɜɨɸɤɥɚɭɡɭ
ɥɭɨɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɟ©Ʉɨɦɟɞɢɹ«ɱɟɪɟɡɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɢɫɦɟɯɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜª>@ɗɬɨ²ɩɟɪɜɨɟɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟɱɟɪɟɡɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɞɜɭɯ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ©Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɦɵɫɥɢɥɤɚɤɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɟª>@Ƚɥɚɜ
ɧɨɟɧɟɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨɷɬɨɝɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɢɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɧɟɫɬɢɟɝɨɤɚɪɢɫɬɨɬɟ
ɥɟɜɫɤɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɢɞɟɣɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɨɜɬɨɦɱɬɨ©ɫɦɟɯªɢ©ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟªȺɪɢɫɬɨ
ɬɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɛɵɧɟɧɚɡɜɚɥ©ɚɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢª
ɉɨɡɞɧɢɣɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɉɥɚɬɨɧɚ²ɧɟɨɩɥɚɬɨɧɢɤɢɩɢɮɚɝɨɪɟɟɰəɦɜɥɢɯ
ɠɢɜɲɢɣɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɪɚɧɟɟȺɜɝɭɫɬɢɧɚɬɨɠɟɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɨɤɚ
ɬɚɪɫɢɫɟɜɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɢɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɧɨɫɛɥɢɠɚɟɬɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɩɵɬ²ɯɨɬɶɧɟɩɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɭɚɩɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɭɉɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɱɭɠɢɯɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣ
ɢɥɢɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɜɫɟɠɟɨɱɢɳɚɟɬɢɢɡɥɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɞɭɲɭɨɬɩɨɪɨɤɨɜɩɪɢɪɚɫɬɚɸ
ɳɢɯɤɧɟɣɜɦɢɪɟ©ɋɢɥɵɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɜɧɚɫɫɞɟɪ
ɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɟɫɨɜɫɟɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɫɢɥɶɧɟɟɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɢɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯɫɬɪɚɫɬɢ!ɜɞɨɥɠɧɨɣɦɟɪɟɢɫ
ɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɢɧɚɫɵɳɚɸɬɫɹɢɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɟɭɫɩɨɤɚɢ
ɜɚɸɬɫɹɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦɚɧɟɫɢɥɨɣɂɦɟɧɧɨɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɢɞɹɜɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɹɯɢɤɨɦɟ
ɞɢɹɯɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɦɵɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɜɚɟɦɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɭɦɟɪɹɟɦɢ
ɨɱɢɳɚɟɦɢɯª>@
əɦɜɥɢɯɩɪɹɦɨɫɫɵɥɚɟɬɫɹɧɚȽɟɪɚɤɥɢɬɚ²ɧɚɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣɬɨɥɶ
ɤɨɜɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡɟʋɩɨȾɢɥɶɫɭɄɪɚɧɰɭȽɟɪɚɤɥɢɬɛɭɞɬɨɛɵɧɚɡɵɜɚɥ©ɥɟ
ɤɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢªɫɨɡɟɪɰɚɧɢɟɢɜɵɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɢɫɬɨɣɧɨɝɨɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɣ
ɢɛɨɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɞɭɲɚɢɡɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɬɜɪɟɞɚɧɚɧɨɫɢɦɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢ
ɫɬɨɣɧɵɦɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɗɬɨɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɜɧɨɜɶɧɟɥɢɲɟɧɨɧɟɹɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɢɡɡɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣɫɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣɷɩɨɯɢəɦɜɥɢɯɚɤɨɧɟɰ,,,ɜɟɤɚ
ɧɷȼɫɚɦɨɦɞɟɥɟɩɨɱɟɦɭɠɟɥɚɹɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɬɶɧɟɩɪɢɫɬɨɣɧɵɟɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɢ
ɩɟɫɧɨɩɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɛɪɹɞɨɜɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹəɦɜɥɢɯɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɜ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɨɦɟɞɢɸɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɊɢɦɫɤɨɣɢɦɩɟɪɢɢɭɠɟɧɟɛɵɥɨɮɚɥ
ɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɢɢɭɠɬɟɦɛɨɥɟɟɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɸ"ȿɝɨɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɹɜɧɨɢɦɟ
ɟɬɭɦɨɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɬɫɵɥɚɟɬɧɚɫɤɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ
9ɜɟɤɚɞɨɧɷɢɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨɧɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɣɫɹɜɷɥɥɢɧɢɡɦɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɩɪɢɩɢ
ɫɵɜɚɜɲɟɣɤɚɬɚɪɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɜɫɟɦɭɬɟɚɬɪɭɚɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɊɚ
ɧɟɟɷɬɚɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɛɵɥɚɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɜɄɨɣɫɥɢɧɢɚɧɫɤɨɦɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɟȺɜɝɭɫɬɢɧ
ɜɢɞɢɦɨɡɧɚɥɨɧɟɣɧɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶɟɣɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɫɹ

ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɂɘɆɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ
ɂɬɚɤɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɩɪɹɦɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɦɭɡɵɤɟɢɤɬɟɚɬɪɭɜɤɥɚɫ
ɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɫɤɨɪɟɟ
ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɦɜɜɢɞɟɲɢɪɨɱɚɣɲɟɝɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ²ɨɬɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɧɚ
ɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟɞɨɦɢɫɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɨɬɵɫɟɪɞɰɚɢɭɦɚɨɬ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɚɝɭɛɧɵɯɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɇɟɹɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɟɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɚɭȺɪɢɫɬɨ
ɬɟɥɹɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚɧɟɢɡɡɚɨɛɢɥɢɹɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɲɢɯɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɣɚɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɢ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɜ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɟªɢ©ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɟªȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɬɚɤɢɧɟɞɚɥ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɭɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɧɟɯɨɬɟɥɢɥɢɧɟɦɨɝ"ɫɜɟɪ
ɧɭɬɶɜɟɫɶɫɩɟɤɬɪɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɲɢɣɫɹɡɚɷɬɢɦɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦɧɟɯɨɬɟɥɭɛɪɚɬɶ
ɫɜɨɢɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɧɟɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɫɜɹɡɢɦɟɠɞɭ
ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɨɦɢɬɟɚɬɪɨɦ
Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɯɨɬɟɥɛɵɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɸɤɚɤɫɚɦɵɣɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧ
ɧɵɣɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɠɚɧɪɨɬɜɫɟɝɨɩɪɢɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɧɚɟɝɨɜɡɝɥɹɞɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɟɟɫɢɥɨɣ©ɛɟɡɚɤɬɟɪɨɜɢɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɣªɇɨɤɚɤɬɨɝɞɚɛɵɬɶ
ɫɦɭɡɵɤɨɣ"Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɤɚɤ©ɝɥɚɜɧɟɣɲɟɟɢɡɭɫɥɚɳɟɧɢɣªɨɬɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɢ
ɦɚ©ɭɫɥɚɳɟɧɢɹªɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɱɢȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɧɟɨɛɹɡɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɬɨɦɦɭɡɵɤɚɮɪɢɝɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɥɚɞɚ²©ɨɪɝɢɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɚɹª
ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚɹɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɞɭɲɭɤɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɚɫɤɨɪɟɟɭɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɚɹɟɟɜɫɬɨ
ɪɨɧɭɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɢɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɥɸɞɹɦɧɟɭɦɟ
ɪɟɧɧɵɦȾɥɹɦɭɡɵɤɢɧɭɠɧɵ©ɚɤɬɟɪɵɢɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɹªɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɬɭɬɦɵɜɧɨɜɶ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹɤɧɚɱɚɥɭɤɫɭɬɢɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɢɦɟɸɬɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɟɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɄɚɤɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɭɸɦɭɡɵɤɭɫɜɵɫɨɱɚɣɲɟɣɩɨɷɡɢ
ɟɣɜɟɞɭɳɟɣɤɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸɛɨɝɨɜɢɝɟɪɨɟɜ"
ȼɷɬɨɦɤɪɭɝɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɜɦɟɫɬɟɫ©ɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɨɦªɫɚɦɚ©ɬɪɚɝɟ
ɞɢɹªɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɚɹɤɚɤɩɪɨɫɬɨɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɬɚɛɥɟɬ
ɤɟɨɬɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɯɦɟɥɶɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ©ɭɬɥɨɫɬɶɸªɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ
ɢɞɚɪɭɸɳɟɣɥɢɲɶɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɟɬɚɤɢɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɭɬɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɯɢ
ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɯɥɸɞɟɣȼ;;±;;,ɜɟɤɟɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɤɚɬɚɪɫɢɫɚ
ɢɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɨɬɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɛɵɥɚɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɜɨɜɫɟɣɟɟɩɨɥɧɨɬɟɢɜɨɥɧɭ
ɸɳɟɣɨɫɬɪɨɬɟɜɬɟɚɬɪɟɦɵɹɫɧɨɨɳɭɳɚɟɦɟɟɩɨɫɟɣɞɟɧɶ
Ʌา฼ฯฺส฼฽ฺส
ȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɉɨɷɬɢɤɚɆȺɋɌ
ȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɗɬɢɤɚɆȺɋɌ
ȺɮɚɫɢɠɟɜɆɇɇɨɜɚɹɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɢȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɋɟ
ɪɢɹɎɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹʋɋ±
Ⱥɮɢɧɟɣɉɢɪɦɭɞɪɟɰɨɜȼɤɧɢɝɚɯɋɟɪɢɹ©ɅɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢªɄɧɢɝɢ
,;±;9ɩɟɪɢɩɪɢɦɇɌȽɨɥɢɧɤɟɜɢɱɆɇɚɭɤɚ
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ɋɉɛɇɚɭɤɚ
Ȼɪɚɝɢɧɫɤɚɹɇȼ©ɇɟɤɢɟɞɜɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɢɩɪɢɬɨɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟª$ULVW3RHWE
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ɩɟɣɫɤɨɟɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɱɬɟɧɢɣɩɚɦɹɬɢɂɆɌɪɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ±ɋɉɛ
Ⱥɥɟɬɟɣɹɋ±
ȽɭɞɢɦɨɜɚɋȺɆɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɦɢɪɚɄɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɞɚɣɞ
ɠɟɫɬɊȺɇɂɇɂɈɇɐɟɧɬɪɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɧɢɣʋɋɟɪɢɹɌɟɨɪɢɹɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɋ±
ȾɨɛɪɨɬɨɥɸɛɢɟFɛɨɪɧɢɤɜɬɆɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɚɹɛɥɚɝɨɡɜɨɧɧɢɰɚɌ
ɅɨɫɟɜȺɎɒɟɫɬɚɤɨɜȼɉɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣɆɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ
ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚɇɇɆɢɦɟɫɢɫɜɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɟȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɆɁɧɚɧɢɟ
ɉɥɚɬɨɧɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɬɨɦɚɯɩɨɞɨɛɳɟɣɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣȺɎɅɨɫɟɜɚɢȼɎ
ȺɫɦɭɫɚɋɉɛɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɝɨɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɂɡɞɜɨɈɥɟɝɚ
ȺɛɵɲɤɨɌ
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ඈඇඍඁൾංඌඌඎൾൿඈඋඍඁൾർඅංඉඍඁංඇ඄ංඇ඀ඈඋං඀ංඇ
ංඇඈඉൾඋൺൽංඋൾർඍංඇ඀
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟ
ɧɢɹɜɨɩɟɪɧɨɣɪɟɠɢɫɫɭɪɟ௅ɯɝɝɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵªɉɂɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɞɜɭɦɹɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹɪɟɠɢɫɫɟ
ɪɚɦɢ;;ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ²ɄɋɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɦɢȼɗɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɨɦȺɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭ
ɸɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɰɟɥɟɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɣɨɛɨɢɯɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɜɢɯɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɪɚɫɯɨɠ
ɞɟɧɢɹɜɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɨɩɟɪɧɨɣɪɟɠɢɫɫɭɪɵɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɧɚɞɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɨɦɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɜɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ©ɧɨɜɢɡɧɵª©ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢªɜɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ
Ʉɚɠɞɨɟɧɨɜɨɟɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵªɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɨɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɥɨ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɜɰɟɥɨɦɢɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɹɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɊɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɝɨɢɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɛɵɥɢɩɨɫɭɬɢɫɜɨɟɣɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɩɟɪ
ɜɵɣɩɨɫɤɥɚɞɭɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɫɹɜɧɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨ
ɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɫɟɛɹɜɫɚɦɭɸɟɝɨɫɟɪɞɰɟɜɢɧɭ
ɩɨɥɚɝɚɹɱɬɨ©«ɧɨɜɵɟɮɨɪɦɵɧɟɛɨɥɟɟɱɟɦɫɥɨɝɚɧɵɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨª
Ɉɛɟɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɤɨɝɞɚɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣɨɩɟɪɧɵɣɬɟɚɬɪɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɥ
ɜɪɟɦɹɛɭɪɧɵɯɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɫɤɢɯɢɫɤɚɧɢɣɜɵɪɚɡɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɡɚ
ɤɨɧɨɜɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ©ɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɵɱɭɜɫɬɜɚªɜɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɦɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɨɩɟɪɵɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɧɚɪɨɠɞɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɜɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɨɩɟɪɧɨɦɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɯ௅ɯɝɨɞɨɜ;;ɜɟɤɚ©ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚ
ɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨªɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɜɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɨɩɟɪɧɨɦɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚ
ɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɯ௅ɯɝɝ;;ɜɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɝɨ©ɬɟɤɫɬɚªɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨ
ɝɪɚɮɢɢɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɵɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɜ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɄɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɉɂɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɢɣɄɋɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣȼɗɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞ
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ɫɤɢɯɠɚɧɪɚɯɜ௅ɟɝɨɞɵ²ɨɞɧɚɢɡɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɟɦɪɚɫɤɪɵ
ɬɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨɛɵɹɫɧɟɟɩɨɧɹɬɶɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɚɦɨɝɨɮɟɧɨ
ɦɟɧɚɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɜɧɚɲɟɜɪɟɦɹɉɪɢɱɢɧɵɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɜ
ɨɩɟɪɧɨɣɪɟɠɢɫɫɭɪɟɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɄɋɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜ
ɫɤɨɝɨɢȼɗɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɧɚɞ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɨɣªɉɂɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɩɨɜɟ
ɫɬɢȺɋɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ
௅ɟɝɨɞɵ;;ɜɟɤɚɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶɜɟɫɶɦɚ©ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɵɦɢªɧɚɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵªɜɨɛɟɢɯɫɬɨɥɢɰɚɯɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɤɚɠɞɨɟɧɨɜɨɟɟɟɫɰɟ
ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɨɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɥɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɜɰɟɥɨɦɢɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɢɩɪɢ
ɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɹɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɵɯɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ
ɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɌɚɤɂɆɅɚɩɢɰɤɢɣɜɫɜɨɟɣɩɟɪɜɨɣɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵª

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɭɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɜɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ௅
ɛɚɥɟɬɭɞɹɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɣɚɧɬɪɟɩɪɢɡɵ©Ɉɞɚª௅ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɫɬɚɬɶɹɅɨɛɨɞɚɧɨɜȺɉɏɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɅɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ>࣓@

Ɋɚɛɨɬɵɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɭɞɶɛɵ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵªɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɜɧɨɜɟɣɲɟɣ
ɚɧɧɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɨɠɢɡɧɢɢɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ>@ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɥɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚɞɨɩɟɪɨɣȼɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɋɦʋʋɢɡɛɢɛɥɢɨ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɩɢɫɤɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɢɦɭɱɟɧɵɦ
Ʉɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɨɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
©ɌɟɚɬɪɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɪɚɦɵªɞɢɪɢɠɟɪɆȺȻɢɯɬɟɪɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɫɹɤ©ɧɚɬɭ
ɪɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦªɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ©ɲɟɞɲɢɦɜɪɚɡɪɟɡɫɫɚ
ɦɢɦɫɬɢɥɟɦɦɭɡɵɤɢ«௅ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ³ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɚ´ɜɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟª
>@ɉɨɨɬɡɵɜɭȻȼȺɫɚɮɶɟɜɚɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɢɫɯɨɞɢɥ©ɧɟɨɬɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɵªɚɨɬɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜɧɚɨɩɟɪɭ©ɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɞɪɚɦɚ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟªɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ©«ɧɟɨɛɵɱɚɣɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɫɡɚɦɵɫɥɚɦɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɱɭɬɶɹɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵª>@
ȼɦɢɪɢɫɤɭɫɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɟ©ɉɢɤɨɜɚɹɞɚɦɚªɞɢɪɢɠɟɪɗɄɭɩɟɪ
ɫɰɟɧɨɝɪɚɮȺɇȻɟɧɭɚɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɥɚɧɚɫɰɟɧɟɥɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨɌɟɚɬɪɚɨɩɟɪɵɢ
ɛɚɥɟɬɚɤɚɤ©ɨɩɟɪɚɩɪɟɞɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɣªȼɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣɢɝɚɥɥɸɰɢɧɚɰɢɣ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɦɢɪɭɜɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɟɤɨɪɚɰɢɹɯ
ɢɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɥɨɫɶɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɨɩɟɪɵɜɨɜɬɨɪɨɣɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɫɤɨɣɜɟɪɫɢɢɅɚɩɢɰɤɨ
ɝɨȻɌɞɢɪɢɠɟɪȼɂɋɭɤɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤȺȼɏɜɨɫɬɨɜ©ɉɪɟɫɫɚɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɚ
ɱɬɨɜɪɟɠɢɫɫɭɪɟɅɚɩɢɰɤɨɝɨ³ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧ«ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɜɫɟɣ
³ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵ´!Ɇɧɨɝɨɟɜɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹȽɟɪɦɚɧɚª>@ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɋɬɚ
ɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɝɨɆɨɫɤɜɚɞɢɪɢɠɟɪȻɗɏɚɣɤɢɧɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɚɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ
ɧɵɣɢɦɦɟɬɨɞɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶ
ɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɨɩɟɪɵɦɚɹɝɨɞɚȻɨɥɶɲɨɣɬɟɚɬɪɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥ
©ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɩɪɚɜɞɢɜɭɸªɤɚɤɩɢɫɚɥɚɤɪɢɬɢɤɚɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɭɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɇȼ
ɋɦɨɥɢɱɞɢɪɢɠɟɪɇɋȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤȼȼȾɦɢɬɪɢɟɜ©ɜɟɪɧɭɜɲɭɸ
ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɸɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɩɚɪɚɞɧɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɜɨɣɟɟɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɧɚɩɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɣ
ɫɰɟɧɟª>±@ɹɧɜɚɪɹɝɨɞɚ²ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚ
ɞɢɪɢɠɟɪɋȺɋɚɦɨɫɭɞɚɜɬɨɪɧɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚȼɂɋɬɟɧɢɱȼɩɨɥɟɦɢɤɟɫɷɬɨɣ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣɌɈɢȻɢɦɟɧɢɋɆɄɢɪɨɜɚɞɚɥɜɬɨɦɠɟɝɨɞɭɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣ
ɞɚɦɵªɜɧɨɜɨɣ©ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɨɣªɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɊɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɇȼɋɦɨɥɢɱɞɢɪɢɠɟɪ
ȼȺȾɪɚɧɢɲɧɢɤɨɜɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤȼȼȾɦɢɬɪɢɟɜ©ɡɚɹɜɥɹɥɢɨɫɜɨɟɦɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ
³ɧɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɫɹɧɢɨɞɧɨɣɧɨɬɨɣɝɟɧɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɵɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ´«!
ȼɷɬɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟ²ɩɢɲɟɬȼɂȻɟɪɟɡɤɢɧ²ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɶɋɦɨɥɢɱɚɢȾɦɢɬɪɢɟɜɚ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɫɹɤɚɤɫɜɨɟɝɨɪɨɞɚ³ɪɟɜɚɧɲɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɡɦɚ´ª>@
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɢɦɟɧɧɨ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵªɜ
ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɞɪɭɝɢɯɨɩɟɪɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɛɭɞɨɪɚɠɢɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɧɨɝɢɯɢɡɜɟɫɬ
ɧɵɯɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɨɜɩɟɪɜɨɣɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ;;ɜɟɤɚɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɥɨɢɯɤɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɭɥɢ
ɛɪɟɬɬɨɆɂɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɤɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɚɦɦɟɫɬɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɌɚɤȼɂɇɟ
ɦɢɪɨɜɢɱȾɚɧɱɟɧɤɨɜɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɣɢɦɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɨɩɟɪɵɜɬɟɚɬɪɟɟɝɨɢɦɟɧɢ
©«ɡɚɞɭɦɵɜɚɥɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɬɢɫɰɟɧɵɅɟɬɧɟɝɨɫɚɞɚɜȺɧɢɱɤɨɜɞɜɨɪɟɰɁɞɟɫɶɜɤɨɪ
ɞɟɝɚɪɞɢɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɥɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɩɢɪɭɲɤɚɨɮɢɰɟɪɨɜɢɡɚɬɟɦɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɜɨ
ɪɨɬɚɤɪɭɝɚɫɰɟɧɵɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɟɝɨɡɚɦɵɫɥɭɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɥɨɫɶɛɵɜɡɚɥɵɫɚɦɨɝɨ
ɞɜɨɪɰɚɄɜɢɧɬɟɬ³Ɇɧɟɫɬɪɚɲɧɨ´ɨɧɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɦɟɠɞɭɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ

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Ɉ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɟªɜɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɫɦ>@
ɦɢɧɟɠɟɥɢɭɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɬɟɤɫɬɨɦȼɜɟɞɟɧɚɭɧɟɝɨɛɵɥɚɉɨɥɢ

ɧɚɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɇɟɦɢɪɨɜɢɱȾɚɧɱɟɧɤɨɧɚɦɟɱɚɥɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɜɨɩɟɪɟɥɢɧɢɸɫɜɹɡɢ
ɉɨɥɢɧɵɢɌɨɦɫɤɨɝɨª>@
ɊɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɝɨɢɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚ
ɧɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɦɨɟɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɛɵɥɢɩɨɫɭɬɢɫɜɨɟɣɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɋɬɚ
ɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣɩɟɞɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɆɂɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞ
ɠɟɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɨɩɟɪɵ©ɩɟ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɥªɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɪɤɟɫɬɪɨɜɵɯɧɨɦɟɪɨɜɢɬɟɤɫɬɥɢɛɪɟɬ
ɬɨɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɥɢɰ
ɉɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɜɧɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɫɤɭɸɷɩɨɯɭɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɥɢɰɢɩɟɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɤɚɬɟɤɫɬɚɧɟɛɵɥɢɤɚɤɦɵɭɜɢɞɟɥɢɧɟɨɠɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɢɞɟɹɦɢɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɉɪɢɟɦ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɫɸɠɟɬɧɚɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɦɢɤɪɨɫɰɟɧɵɬɚɤɠɟɛɵɥɢɡ
ɜɟɫɬɟɧɞɨɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɜɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɣɟɦɭɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɅɚɩɢɰɤɨɝɨ
ɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɥɨɫɶɤɚɤɫɦɟɧɚɛɨɥɟɟɫɨɪɨɤɚɷɩɢɡɨɞɨɜɊɚ
ɛɨɬɚɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɧɚɞ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɨɣªɫɨɬɤɚɧɚɢɡɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣɊɟɠɢɫɫɟɪ
©ɦɟɱɬɚɥ²ɤɚɤɩɢɲɟɬȼȺɘɡɟɮɨɜɢɱ²ɨɬɟɚɬɪɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚ
ɥɢɫɶɛɵɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɱɚɥɚª>@ɬɨɝɞɚɤɚɤɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ
ɢɩɪɢɟɦɵɬɚɤɨɝɨ©ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚªɤɚɤɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɭɠɟɛɵɥɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɣɞɟɧɵɧɨɢɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɵɜɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɦɜɟɝɨɈɩɟɪɧɨɣɫɬɭɞɢɢ©ȿɜɝɟɧɢɢɈɧɟɝɢɧɟª²ɷɩɨɯɚɥɶ
ɧɨɦɪɭɛɟɠɟɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɚ
Ɇɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞ©«ɪɚɛɨɬɭɧɚɞɨɩɟɪɧɵɦɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟɦ«ɫɬɪɨɢɥɤɚɤɨɧɫɚɦɝɨ
ɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɵɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɢɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɜɫɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯɱɭɜɫɬɜɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɨɜª>@ɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɨɬɞɟɥɹɥɦɭɡɵɤɭ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵªɨɬɬɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɨɧɚ
ɛɵɥɚɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɚɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɦɰɟɥɵɣɪɹɞɧɨɦɟɪɨɜɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɤɜɢɧɬɟɬ©Ɇɧɟɫɬɪɚɲɧɨªɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɡɚɜɹɡɤɨɣɫɸɠɟɬɧɨɣ
ɢɧɬɪɢɝɢɨɩɟɪɵɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɹɞɪɨɦɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɟɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɭɨɩɟɪɵɑɚɣɤɨɜ
ɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹɞɪɭɝɨɣɮɢɧɚɥ²ɦɭɡɵɤɚɢɡɫɰɟɧɵɜɤɚɡɚɪɦɟ
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɹɹɫɜɨɸɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɥɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɢ
ɛɥɢɡɢɬɶɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɨɩɟɪɵɤɩɨɜɟɫɬɢɉɭɲɤɢɧɚȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɢɬɟɦɵɨɬɟɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɜɨɨɫɧɨɜɵȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɬɪɚɜɟɫɬɢɝɭɫɚɪɚɋɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɝɨɢɝɪɨ
ɤɚɜɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɟɉɟɜɰɚɧɚɛɚɥɭɜɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɟɮɢɝɭɪɵɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɟɥɢɲɶɨɬɞɚɥɹɥɨɧɨɜɨɟɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɨɬɩɨɜɟɫɬɢɢɧɚɨɛɨ
ɪɨɬɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɥɨɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɅɢɡɟɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɰɵɱɬɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ
ɥɨɭɩɪɚɡɞɧɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚɤɧȿɥɟɰɤɨɝɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɟɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬɢɭɉɭɲ

ȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɤɚɤɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɧɚɫɬɚɢɜɚɥɧɚɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧɢɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣɨɬɧɸɞɶɧɟɚɧ
ɬɢɩɨɞɵɚɥɢɲɶɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɚ>@
ɤɢɧɚɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɟɣɢȽɟɪɦɚɧɭɠɢɡɧɢɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɰɟɧɵɜɩɚɥɚɬɟɫɭɦɚɫɲɟɞɲɟɝɨɞɨɦɚɧɚɪɭɲɢɜɲɟɣɩɨɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɨɦɟɪɨɜɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɵɉɂɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɢɟɝɨɡɚ
ɦɵɫɟɥɮɢɧɚɥɚɨɩɟɪɵ
Ɇɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞ©«ɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɨɜɚɥɤɨɧɬɪɚɩɭɧɤɬɢɡɦɤɚɤɝɥɚɜɧɵɣɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɫɰɟ
ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɚɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɦɢɡɚɧɫɰɟɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɨɬɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɢɬɦɚɢɦɟɬɪɚ«!Ʉɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɩɵɬɟɝɨɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɩɨɥɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧ
ɧɵɟɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɲɥɢɜɪɚɡɪɟɡɫɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɟɣª>@
ɉɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɛɟɢɯɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵªɋɬɚɧɢɫ
ɥɚɜɫɤɢɣɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɫɹɤɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɨɩɟɪɵɤɚɤɫɥɨɠ
ɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɨɡɜɭɱɢɹɢɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜɜɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɯɢɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚɯ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɢɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɮɨɪɦɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɦɭɡɵ
ɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɨɝɨɢɡɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɩɪɟɞɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɧɨɣɫɚɦɢɦɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɟɞɢɧ
ɫɬɜɨɦɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɫɬɪɨɢɥɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɭɸɞɪɚɦɭɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɟɦɵɯɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɢɡɪɢɬɟɥɹ
©Ⱥɤɬɟɪɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɪɚɦɵɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɨɫɬɢɱɶɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɵɢɩɟ
ɪɟɜɟɫɬɢɜɫɟɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɢɨɪɤɟɫɬɪɨɜɨɝɨɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɧɚɹɡɵɤɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɢɫɭɧɤɚª
௅ɩɢɫɚɥɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞ>@Ⱥɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤɢɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɭɜɢ
ɞɟɥɢɜɧɟɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɜɨɩɟɪɭɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɨɦɜ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɯɩɪɢɟɦɨɜɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɊɚɛɨɬɚɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɝɨɢɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɧɚɞɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɨɦ
ɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɥɚɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɜɢɯɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ©ɧɨɜɢɡɧɵª©ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢªɜɢɫ
ɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɉɚɮɨɫɧɨɜɢɡɧɵɭɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɝɨ௅ɜɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɢɡɚɦɵɫɥɚɤɨɦɩɨ
ɡɢɬɨɪɚɜɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɜɩɨɤɚɡɟɬɨɝɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɭɫɤɨɥɶɡɚɥɨɨɬɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɢɥɢɧɟɛɵɥɨɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ
ɤɚɯɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɠɟ©ɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɫɹɤɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɦɭɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɢɹɪɤɨɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨɦɭɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɜɥɚɫɬɧɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɹɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɫɜɨɟɦɭɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɫɤɨɦɭɜɢɞɟɧɢɸ«ª>@ɉɨɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɦɭ
ɠɟɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɫɤɨɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟɷɬɨ௅ɩɪɨɡɪɟɧɢɟɭɜ࣊ɞɟɧɢɟɧɨɜɵɯɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɯɝɥɭɛɢɧɢɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɧɨɜɵɯɝɪɚɧɟɣɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɫɥɚɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹɟɝɨɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɬɚɤɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣɩɨɧɢɦɚɥ©ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶªɜɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ
ȼɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɨɩɟɪɧɵɯɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ௅ɯɝɝ;;ɜɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɢɅɚɩɢɰɤɨɝɨ
ɢɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚ௅ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɫɦɟɧɵɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɧɨɢɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
Ɉɛɟɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɤɨɝɞɚɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣɨɩɟɪɧɵɣɬɟɚɬɪɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɥ
ɜɪɟɦɹɛɭɪɧɵɯɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɫɤɢɯɢɫɤɚɧɢɣɜɵɪɚɡɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ©ɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɵɱɭɜɫɬɜɚªɜɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɦɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶ
ɧɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɨɩɟɪɵɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɧɚɪɨɠɞɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɜɞɪɚɦɚɬɢ

ɱɟɫɤɨɦɨɩɟɪɧɨɦɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɯ௅ɯɝɨɞɨɜ;;ɜɟɤɚ©ɤɢ
ɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨªɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
ɗɬɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨɜɧɨɜɭɸɷɩɨɯɭɜ±ɯɝɨɞɚɯɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɥɨɜɨɫɨɛɵɯɢɞɟɣɧɵɯɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɚɫ
ɫɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ௅ɜɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɨɢɯɜɢɞɨɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɦɚɫɫɨɜɨ
ɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɬɟɤɭɳɢɣɬɟɤɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɰɢɢɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɭɨɛɵɜɚɬɟ
ɥɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɵɜɬɟɤɭɳɢɯɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯɜɫɢɥɭɱɟɝɨɟɝɨɰɟɥɟɩɨɥɚɝɚ
ɧɢɹɢɜɤɭɫɵɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɤɚɤɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȼɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɷɬɢɦ©ɬɟɤɫɬɵªɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɟɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣɧɚɜɟɱɧɨɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟ
ɧɢɟɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɫɜɨɟɦɭɡɚɦɵɫɥɭɧɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɢɯɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɦɢɧɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɗɬɨɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɜɝɥɚɜɧɨɦɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɧɰɟɩ
ɰɢɣɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣɞɚɦɵªɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɝɨɢɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɩɟɪɜɵɣ
ɩɨɫɤɥɚɞɭɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɫɹɜɧɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɷɬɨɝɨɫɨ
ɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɫɟɛɹɜɫɚɦɭɸɟɝɨ
ɫɟɪɞɰɟɜɢɧɭɩɨɥɚɝɚɹɱɬɨ©ɧɨɜɵɟɮɨɪɦɵɧɟɛɨɥɟɟɱɟɦɫɥɨɝɚɧɵɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸ
ɳɢɟɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨª
ɉɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɫɨɫɬɚɜɭɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɩɭɛɥɢ
ɤɚɫɥɭɲɚɸɳɚɹɨɩɟɪɭɜɪɚɡɧɵɟɷɩɨɯɢ²ɪɚɡɧɚɹɄɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɦɟɧɚɫɨɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɠɢɡɧɢɊɨɫɫɢɢɜ±ɯɝɨɞɚɯ;;ɜɟɤɚɫɮɨɪ
ɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɢɧɵɟɩɥɚɫɬɵɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɈɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɹɜɫɸ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɩɟɪɵ©ɉɢɤɨɜɚɹɞɚɦɚªɞɥɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢɡɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɨɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɪɵɜɚ©ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚªɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ
ɞɟɧɢɹ©ɨɬɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɢª©ɉɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨ±ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɟ²ɩɢɫɚɥɨɧ
«!ȿɫɥɢɦɵɫɬɚɜɢɦɩɶɟɫɭɜɪɚɡɪɹɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɶɟɫɬɨɜɧɟɣɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɝɥɭɛɨɤɚɹɦɵɫɥɶɜɧɟɟɜɥɨɠɟɧɚɢɞɟɹɢɨɧɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɬɟɧ
ɞɟɧɰɢɨɡɧɨɣɈɧɚɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɭɟɬɜɫɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɱɬɨɛɵɡɚ
ɪɚɡɢɬɶɡɪɢɬɟɥɹɷɬɨɣɢɞɟɟɣ³ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ´ɟɝɨ«!ª>±@
ɋɜɨɢɦɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟɦɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɫɹɤɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɨɧɫɱɢ
ɬɚɥɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ©ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶªɜɞɭɯɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɨɡɧɨɣɢɞɟɢɌɨɱɧɭɸɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭɷɬɢɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɯɨɞɢɦɭɫɚɦɢɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɌɚɤɜɩɢɫɶ
ɦɟɤȺɆȽɨɪɶɤɨɦɭɨɬɦɚɪɬɚɝɨɞɚɢɡȻɟɪɥɢɧɚɆɎȺɧɞɪɟɟɜɚɤɨɥɥɟɝɚ
ɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɩɨɫɰɟɧɟɆɏɌɩɢɲɟɬ©ɗɬɢɧɨɜɵɟɥɸɞɢ²ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɨɫɨ
ɛɨɣɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ«!Ɉɧɢɜɟɪɭɸɬɧɟ³ɜɟɪɹɬ´ɱɬɨɫɚɦɵɟɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɟɩɨɷɬɵ
²ɷɬɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɫɤɢɟɱɬɨɬɟɚɬɪȼɫɟɜɨɥɨɞɚɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚ²ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɟɧª
>±@ȺɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣɤɚɤɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɈɋɋɨɛɨɥɟɜɫɤɚɹɜ©ɉɢɤɨɜɨɣ
ɞɚɦɟªɜɟɪɟɧɫɟɛɟɨɧ©ɧɢɝɞɟɧɢɜɱɟɦɫɬɚɪɚɥɫɹɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɚɜɬɨɪɭɩɶɟɫɵɜ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɭɧɢɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɢɜɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɞɟɣɧɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟɟɝɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹª>@
ɏɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɜɧɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɬ
ɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢȼɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɷɤɫɩɟɪɬ
ɧɚɹɨɰɟɧɤɚɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɧɚɩɟɪɜɵɣɩɥɚɧɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɢɮɨɪɦɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɜɞɚɧɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɂɱɬɨɜɚɠɧɨ
௅ɨɧɚɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɧɟɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦɭ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɰɟɥɨɦɈɬɫɸɞɚɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɥɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢ
ɟɦɜɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɧɟɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ
ɞɟɧɢɹɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɞɟɣɧɟɤɨɟ©ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟªɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɯɭ
ɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
ɍɠɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤɢɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɚɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɜɧɟɣ©ɤɢɧɟ
ɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɦɟɧɭɷɩɢɡɨɞɨɜªɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɚɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ©ɪɚɡɨ
ɪɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɤɥɨɱɶɹª>@©«ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɦɟɥɤɢɟɷɩɢɡɨɞɵ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɥɚɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɦɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɝɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ«Ȼɵɫɬɪɚɹ
ɫɦɟɧɚɷɩɢɡɨɞɨɜɪɜɚɥɚɷɬɨɩɨɥɨɬɧɨɧɚɧɟɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɟɦɵɟɤɥɨɱɤɢª>@©Ɍɟɚ
ɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɧɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɤɢɧɨɬɟɦɛɨɥɟɟɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɩɪɨ
ɲɥɨɝɨɜɟɤɚɤɨɝɞɚɩɢɫɚɥɚɫɶ³ɉɢɤɨɜɚɹɞɚɦɚ´ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɨɩɟɪɧɵɟɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨ
ɞɟɥɚɥɢɫɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ«!Ʉɨɧɟɱ
ɧɨɨɧ>Ɇɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞ²ȺɅ@ɜɢɞɟɥɞɪɭɝɭɸ³ɉɢɤɨɜɭɸɞɚɦɭ´ɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɨɩɟ
ɪɭɮɢɥɶɦª>±@
ȺɎ>ȺȼɎɟɜɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ@©ɉɢɤɨɜɚɹɞɚɦɚªɈɩɟɪɚɉɂɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɅɆɂɫɤɭɫ
ɫɬɜɨ
ȺɧɞɪɟɟɜɚɆɎɉɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɚȼɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹɋɬɚɬɶɢȾɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵȼɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹɨ
ɆɎȺɧɞɪɟɟɜɨɣɂɡɞ௅ɟɞɨɩɢɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɆɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ
ȻɟɪɟɡɤɢɧȼɂȼȼȾɦɢɬɪɢɟɜɅɏɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɊɋɎɋɊ
ȻɟɪɟɡɤɢɧȼɂɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɫɰɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɚɆɚɫɬɟɪɚ;9,௅;;ɜɜɆ
ɗɞɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɍɊɋɋ
ȽɥɟɛɨɜɂȾɟɥɚɨɩɟɪɧɵɟ©ɆɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɪɚɦɚªȺɫɚɮɶɟɜȻȼɈɛɨɩɟɪɟɂɡɛɪɚɧ
ɧɵɟɫɬɚɬɶɢɂɡɞɟɅɆɭɡɵɤɚɋ±
Ƚɨɪɨɞɢɧɫɤɢɣȼ©ɉɢɤɨɜɚɹɞɚɦɚªɅɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɣɆɚɥɵɣɨɩɟɪɧɵɣɬɟɚɬɪȽɚɡɟɬɚ
©ɉɪɚɜɞɚªɦɚɪɬɚ
ɂɜɚɧɨɜȺɉɇɚɫɰɟɧɟɢɜɠɢɡɧɢȺɜɬɨɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɡɚɩɢɫɤɢɩɢɫɶɦɚɆȽɨ
ɥɨɫɉɪɟɫɫ
ɅɨɛɨɞɚɧɨɜȺɉɏɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɅɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ
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ɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝȼɗɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɋɬɚɬɶɢɉɢɫɶ
ɦɚɊɟɱɢȻɟɫɟɞɵɜɱɑ,,±Ɇɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ
ɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞȼɗɄɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ©ɌɪɢɫɬɚɧɚɢɂɡɨɥɶɞɵªɧɚɆɚɪɢɢɧɫɤɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɟ

ɋɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɜɨɩɟɪɟȽɥɢɧɤɢ
©ɀɢɡɧɶɡɚɰɚɪɹªɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɆɚɪɢɧɵɋɢɞɨɪɨɜɨɣ>@Ɋɟɤɚɩɨɥɟɥɟɫɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɢ
ɤɚɤɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɫɸɠɟɬɚ>@
ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹɝɨɞɚȼɗɆɟɣɟɪɯɨɥɶɞɋɬɚɬɶɢɉɢɫɶɦɚɊɟɱɢȻɟɫɟɞɵɜɱɆɂɫ
ɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɑ,±ɋ±
ɋɨɛɨɥɟɜɫɤɚɹɈɋɄɋɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɛɟɫɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɞɵɯɚɟɬɆɋɨɸɡɬɟ
ɚɬɪɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣɊɋɎɋɊ
ɘɡɟɮɨɜɢɱȼȺɁɜɟɧɨɢɡɰɟɩɢɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜɆɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɚɤɚɞɟ
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ɧɟɧɢɹɯɆɟɫɫɢɚɧɚȻɟɪɢɨɒɧɢɬɤɟȾɟɧɢɫɨɜɚɈɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦɢɮɚ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɤ©ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢªɧɨɢɨɫɨɛɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɞɚɥɨɬɨɥɱɨɤɞɥɹɪɚɫɲɢ
ɪɟɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɹɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɪɚɡɧɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɯɹɜɥɟ
ɧɢɣ>@ɗɬɨɧɟɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɰɟɧɧɵɯɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɣɜɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɢɧɵɯɡɚɞɚɱ
Ɍɚɤɉɉɟɬɟɪɫɟɧɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ©ȼɟɧɟɪɭɢȺɞɨɧɢɫɚªɏɟɧɰɟɜɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤɜɵɧɨ
ɫɢɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɧɨɢɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɹɟɬɟɝɨɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɦ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ²©ɨɩɟɪɚɤɚɤɦɢɮª>@Ʉɷɬɨɦɭɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ©ɦɧɨɝɨɹɪɭɫɧɨɫɬɶª
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ɮɨɦɄɚɤɨɫɨɛɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɫɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɨɬɥɟɬɧɟɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣɨɧɚɧɢɜɱɺɦ
ɧɟɭɫɬɭɩɚɥɚɞɢɨɧɢɫɢɣɫɤɨɦɭɤɭɥɶɬɭɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɩɟɪɚɤɚɤɜɫɹɤɢɣɬɟɚɬɪɢɦɟɟɬɪɨ
ɞɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɦɛɨɝɚɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɹɢɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹª>@Ɇɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭ
ɟɬɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɬɚɤɢɯɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɜɤɚɤ©ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɨɫɬɶª
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ɥɟɬɈɧɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɦɵɫɥɨɦɦɢɮɨɜɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɦɟɪɬɶɦɢɪɢɬɫɹɫɠɢɡɧɶɸɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣɫɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣª>@ɅɄɢɪɢɥɥɢɧɚɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɩɟɪɵ
©ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɺɱɬɨɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬɜɫɮɟɪɭɟɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹª>@ȼɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ©ɄɚɪɦɟɧªȻɢɡɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɞɜɚɭɪɨɜɧɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ²
ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɥɸɛɨɜɧɵɦɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɹɦɢɜɧɟɲɧɢɣɪɟɚɥɢ
ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɣɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɜɨɩɪɨɫɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɥɢɷɬɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɸɠɟɬɚɜɩɟɪ
ɜɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɫɬɢɥɹɆɟɪɢɦɟɜɨɜɬɨɪɨɦ"ɂɥɢɜɫɚ
ɦɨɦɨɩɟɪɧɨɦɠɚɧɪɟɫɤɪɵɬɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɫɛɥɢɠɚɸɳɢɣɟɝɨɫɦɢɮɨɦ"
Ɉɬɜɟɬɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɛɵɥɟɠɢɬɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɉɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɩɟɪɵɦɢɪɭ
ɢɦɚɝɢɧɚɰɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɡɧɚɤɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɟɸɢɦɢɮɨɦɩɨɫɤɨɥɶ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɢɦɢɮɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɤɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɚɦɢɫɦɵɫɥɚɦɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢɪɚȼɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɨɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɨɩɟɪɵɢɦɢɮɚɜɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɜɧɟɩɨɥɹɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɹɫɶɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɨɣɫɸɠɟ
ɬɚɜɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɢ>@ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɟɡɧɚɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚ
ɟɬɫɜɨɸɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɸɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɚɪɵɩɨɧɹɬɢɣȼɄɨɬɧɢɤɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɨɩɟ
ɪɭɤɚɤɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɫɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ
ɜɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ©«!ɹɧɟɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɫɶɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢɤɚɤ³ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢɮɨɜ´ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ«!
Ɂɞɟɫɶɬɟɪɦɢɧ³ɦɢɮ´ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɞɟɹª>@ȼɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɡɞ
ɧɟɦɬɪɭɞɟɚɜɬɨɪɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɦɟɠɞɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣɦɢɮɚɢ
ɨɩɟɪɧɨɣɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɨɣɄɚɤɢɦɢɮɦɭɡɵɤɚɜɨɩɟɪɧɨɦɠɚɧɪɟɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ
©ɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦªɨɪɤɟɫɬɪɨɜɚɹ
ɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɚɱɟɬɤɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚɜɫɜɨɟɣɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɨɩɟɪɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɢɡɚɬɨɪɦɨɡɢɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɬɨɟɫɬɶɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɫɜɟɪɯɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭ
ɪɨɣ©ɨɩɟɪɧɚɹɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɚɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɚɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɦɚɫɚɦɚɢɡɫɟɛɹª>@
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɩɨɧɨɜɨɦɭɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɦɭɡɵɤɢɜɨɡ
ɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɟɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɢɜɢɞɨɜɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɸɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɹɜɥɟ
ɧɢɣɌɚɤɨɜɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɫɬɚɬɟɣɩɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣɫɹɜɧɨ
ɹɛɪɟɝɨɞɚɜȻɟɪɧɫɤɨɦɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡ
ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɋȼɟɝɧɟɪɚ©ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɜɧɨɜɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ
ɬɚɦɝɞɟ³ɧɨɜɨɟ´ɜɦɭɡɵɤɟɡɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɨɫɟɛɟɢɝɪɨɡɢɬɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɧɨɪɦª>@ȿɳɟɨɞɢɧɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɤɚɬɟɝɨ
ɪɢɸɦɢɮɚɜɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢɫɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ©ɧɚɪɪɚɬɢɜɚª>@ɋɪɟɞɢɪɚɛɨɬ
ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦɨɬɨɬɪɚɠɟ
ɧɢɹɦɭɡɵɤɢɜɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɢɮɚɯɞɨɧɨɜɵɯɦɢɮɨɜɏɏɜɟɤɚɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɚɧɬɢɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɡɦɟɢɜɟɧɫɤɨɣɲɤɨɥɟɥɢɲɶɢɦɹȼɚɝɧɟɪɚɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɦɢɮɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɜɨɩɟɪɧɨɦɠɚɧɪɟɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɆȽɚɪɞɚɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢ
ɜɚɟɬɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ©ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɢɦɭɡɵɤɢɜɫɜɟɬɟ
ɜɚɝɧɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹªɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ©Ɉɩɟ
ɪɵɢɞɪɚɦɵª>@ȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɧɚɤɨɩɢɜ
ɲɚɹɨɛɪɚɡɰɵɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɦɢɮɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɩɭɬɢ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹɦɧɨɝɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɭɫɚ
ɜɧɨɜɶɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɩɨɢɫɤɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɜɹɡɢɨɩɟɪɵɢɦɢɮɚ
Ʉɚɤɢɦɢɮɨɩɟɪɚɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɉɟɧɢɟɜɵɞɟɥɹ
ɟɬɟɟɫɪɟɞɢɢɧɵɯɮɨɪɦɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɟɚɬɪɚɝɞɟɫɥɨɜɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹɫɭɬɢɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɚɬɟɚɬɪ©ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣªȻəɪɭɫɬɨɜɫɤɢɣɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɢɧɬɨɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ
ɫɥɨɜɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɟɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣɜ
ɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɟɣɊɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɦɟɬɚɮɨ
ɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɥɢɲɚɹɨɛɪɚɡɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ
ɜɟɳɧɨɫɬɢɗɬɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɧɚɪɨɞɫɬɜɨɨɛɨɢɯɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɜɩɨ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɦɢɮɟɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɚ
ɟɦɵɦ©ɞɨɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɧɢɟɦªɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨȾɨɛɚɜɢɦɤɷɬɨɦɭɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟɫɸɠɟɬ
ɧɵɟɦɨɬɢɜɵɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɦɢɮɨɦ²ɥɸɛɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɚɢɡɡɚɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢɛɨɪɶɛɵɦɟɠɞɭɞɨɥɝɨɦɢɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɦ
ɛɨɪɶɛɵɡɚɜɥɚɫɬɶ²ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɵɟɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯɢɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɳɢɟɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɥɟɜɭɸɨɤɪɚɫɤɭȼ
ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɬɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɤɢɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɟɜɭɚɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɢɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɠɚɧɪɚɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ
ɝɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɂɦɟɸɬɫɹɜɜɢɞɭɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɝɪɚɧɢɰɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɬɨɝɨɠɟ
ɫɦɵɫɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɚɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɟɤɪɢɜɨɣɫɦɵɫɥɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɥɨɝɢɤɢɚɥɨɝɢɢɩɪɢɺɦ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɪɚɡɧɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯɦɢɪɨɜɤɚɤɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɵɦɢɪɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɢɦɚɝɢɧɚɰɢɢɢɢɝɪɵɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɩɪɚɫɬɪɭɤ
ɬɭɪɵɠɚɧɪɚɨɧɢɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɢɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚɬɚɤɢɟɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨɫɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɩɟɪɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɊɚɡɞɟɥɹɹɦɵɫɥɶɅɄɢɪɢɥɥɢ
ɧɨɣɨ©ɩɪɚɜɟªɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɚɬɶɥɸɛɨɟɨɩɟɪɧɨɟɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɟɝɨɪɟɚɥɢ
ɡɚɰɢɢ>@ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɲɶɫɹɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɫɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɨɰɟɧɨɤɈɫɬɚɺɬɫɹɧɟɹɫɧɵɦ
ɱɟɦɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɜɵɯɨɞɡɚɩɪɟɞɟɥɵɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨɨɩɭɫɚ²ɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɥɨɦɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɚɩɨɞɦɢɧɚɸɳɟɝɨɩɨɞɫɜɨɢɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɫɤɢɣɡɚɦɵ
ɫɟɥɢɥɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬɶɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɬɨɪɚ"Ɂɚɥɶɰɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ©Ⱥɪɢɚɞɧɚɧɚɇɚɤɫɨɫɟªɒɬɪɚɭ
ɫɚɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɚɹɤɥɟɬɢɸɫɜɨɟɣɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɵɦɨɠɟɬɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ©ɩɭ
ɬɟɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦªɩɨɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣɡɨɧɟ©ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɚªɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɹɨɞɧɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɬɚɣɧɵɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɨɩɟɪɵɢɦɢɮɚɈɩɟɪɚɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɶɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɏɨɮɦɚɧɫɬɚɥɶɯɨɬɟɥɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɜɢɞɵ
ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɜɨɞɧɨɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɢɧɚɦɟɪɟɜɚɥɫɹɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶɫɨɛ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸɩɶɟɫɭɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɚɥɚɛɵɨɩɟɪɚɒɬɪɚɭɫɚɉɶɟɫɚɬɚɤɢ
ɧɟɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶɜɷɬɢɯɰɟɥɹɯɛɵɥɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ©ɆɟɳɚɧɢɧɜɨɞɜɨɪɹɧɫɬɜɟªɆɨ
ɥɶɟɪɚɉɪɨɟɤɬɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹɩɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɋɦɟɥɨɫɬɶɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɚɋɗȻɟɯɬɨɥɶɮɚɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɜɟɪɫɢɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɧɨɢɜ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɰɟɧɵɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɹɸɳɟɣɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɬɟɤɫɬɏɨɮɦɚɧɫɬɚɥɹ
ɇɨɜɚɹɩɶɟɫɚɞɭɷɬɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɪɚɡɵɝɪɵɜɚɥɚɫɶɚɤɬɟɪɚɦɢɫɬɪɨɢɥɚɫɶɧɚɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɮɚɤ
ɬɚɯɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɧɵɯɜɩɢɫɶɦɚɯɏɨɮɦɚɧɫɬɚɥɹɢɈɬɬɨɧɢɢɮɨɧȾɟɝɟɧɮɟɥɶɞɒɨɧ
ɛɭɪɝɋɝɪɚɮɢɧɟɣɫɤɨɪɛɹɳɟɣɩɨɭɦɟɪɲɟɦɭɫɭɩɪɭɝɭɢɩɨɦɵɲɥɹɜɲɟɣɧɟɪɚɡɨ
ɫɚɦɨɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɟɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɫɹɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɪɚɛɨɬɵɧɚɞɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɦɨɩɟɪɵ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɢɦɢɫɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɪɨɫɲɢɟɜɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɥɸ
ɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɋɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɈɬɬɨɧɢɢɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɪɚɞɨɫɬɢɢɩɨɥɧɨɬɵɠɢɡɧɢ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɝɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɚȼɨɞɧɨɦɢɡɩɢɫɟɦ
ɨɧɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɥɫɹɟɣ©«!ɹɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸȼɚɦɫɨɜɫɟɦɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɭɸɨɩɟɪɭ³Ⱥɪɢ
ɚɞɧɚ´«!ɩɨɤɚɹȼɚɦɟɟɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɨɧɚɨɠɢɜɚɟɬɢɦɧɟɜɫɺɛɨɥɶɲɟɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ
ɩɢɫɚɬɶª>@ȼɞɪɭɝɨɦɩɢɫɶɦɟɱɢɬɚɟɦ©ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣɫɬɢɯ
ɤ³Ⱥɪɢɚɞɧɟ´ɅɸɛɢɬɥɢȺɪɢɚɞɧɚȻɚɯɭɫɚ"ɇɚɷɬɨɧɟɬɚɤɥɟɝɤɨɞɚɬɶɨɬɜɟɬɈɧɚ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɟɝɨɡɚɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɡɚȽɟɪɦɟɫɚɩɨɫɥɚɧɧɢɤɚɫɦɟɪɬɢɩɪɢɲɟɞɲɟɝɨɡɚɧɟɣ
ɉɭɫɬɶɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹɡɚɝɚɞɤɨɣɁɚɝɚɞɤɚ²ɷɬɨɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨª>@
Ȼɟɯɬɨɥɶɮɭɜɢɞɟɥɫɜɹɡɶɦɟɠɞɭɞɭɲɟɜɧɨɣɛɨɥɶɸɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɢɟɟ
ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɞɜɨɣɧɢɤɨɦɜɫɢɥɭɱɟɝɨ©ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɟɬªɨɞɧɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸɧɚɩɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹɨɫɨɛɵɣɦɢɪɩɨɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɈɬɫɸɞɚɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɢɡɦɨɥɶɟɪɨɜ
ɫɤɨɣɩɶɟɫɵɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɏɭɝɨɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɈɬɬɨɧɢɢɢ©ɛɟɡɲɨɜɧɨɟªɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɨɢɯɜɟɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɞɧɨɜɵɦɢɢɦɟɧɚɦɢɈɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɞɟɬɢɳɟɏɨɮɦɚɧ
ɫɬɚɥɹ²ɒɬɪɚɭɫɚɫɥɨɜɧɨɛɵɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɬɹɝɢɜɚɹɜɢɝɪɨɜɨɟɩɨɥɟɞɪɚ
ɦɚɬɭɪɝɚɢɟɝɨɜɨɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɭɸȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɷɮɮɟɤɬɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɪɟ
ɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɜɵɦɵɫɥɨɦɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɨɯɨɞɭɩɶɟɫɵɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɵɦɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ
©ɤɬɨɟɫɬɶɤɬɨªɩɨɫɭɬɢɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɦɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɪɢɟɦɨɦɩɪɟ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹȿɫɥɢɜɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɪɢɝɟɫɝɨɫɩɨɞɢɧɨɦɀɭɪɞɟɧɨɦȾɨɪɢɦɟ
ɧɚɈɬɬɨɧɢɹɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɩɨɡɢɰɢɸɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɹɬɨɜɨɩɟɪɟɩɥɚɫɬɢ
ɤɚɟɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɚɦɨɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɫȺɪɢɚɞɧɨɣɗɬɨɦɭɫɥɭɠɚɬ
ɜɫɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɢɦ
ɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɹɞɈɛɟɝɟɪɨɢɧɢɨɛɥɚɱɟɧɵɜɞɥɢɧɧɵɟɫɢɧɟɱɟɪɧɵɟɩɥɚɬɶɹɈɬ
ɬɨɧɢɹȾɨɪɢɦɟɧɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɨɤɢɞɚɟɬ©ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɥªɜɞɨɦɟɀɭɪɞɟɧɚ
ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɹɩɨɡɵɨɩɟɪɧɨɣɝɟɪɨɢɧɢɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɚɹɨɧɚɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɧɚ©ɡɟɦɥɟª
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɹɫɶɧɚɝɥɚɞɢɤɪɵɲɟɤɪɨɹɥɹɟɟɤɚɤɢȺɪɢɚɞɧɭɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɇɚɹɞɚ
Ⱦɪɢɚɞɚɢɗɯɨɍɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɚɹɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɦɢɪɨɜɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹɜɦɢɮɟɢɷɤɫ
ɬɪɚɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɧɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹɡɚɟɝɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢɫɨɡɞɚɺɬɨɫɨɛɨɟ
ɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɢɝɪɚɢɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɞɟɥɚɸɬɩɪɚɜ
ɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɧɟɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɢɧɟɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɁɚɦɵɤɚɟɬ
ɤɪɢɜɭɸɫɦɵɫɥɚɩɨɰɟɥɭɣɈɬɬɨɧɢɢɢɏɨɮɦɚɧɫɬɚɥɹɧɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɬɚɤɬɚɯɨɩɟɪɵ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɹɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦɭɩɪɨɫɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɠɢɡɧɢɢɥɸɛɜɢɈɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɨɱɟɪ
ɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɦɟɠɞɭɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɨɩɟɪɧɨɣɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɝɥɚɜɧɵɟɝɟɪɨɢɡɚɥɶɰɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɣ©Ⱥɪɢɚɞɧɵªɜɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɬɚɤɢɧɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɥɢɫɜɨɢɫɭɞɶɛɵ
ɆɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹȻɟɯɬɨɥɶɮɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɭɜɢɞɟɬɶɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧ
ɧɵɟɫɜɹɡɢɦɟɠɞɭɪɚɡɧɵɦɢɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɜɧɭɬɪɢɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚɩɪɢɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɩɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɲɤɚɥɟ©ɗɥɢɫɫɚªɊɐɟɯɥɢɧɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹɤɚɤ
ɩɚɪɚɞɥɹɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ©Ⱦɢɞɨɧɵɢɗɧɟɹªɉɺɪɫɟɥɥɚɜɉɚɫɫɚɭɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɢɝɪɵɜɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɟɦɢɮɚɈɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɫɸ
ɠɟɬɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɠɢɡɧɢȾɢɞɨɧɵɗɥɢɫɫɵɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɟɦɭɠɚ
Ⱥɤɟɪɛɚɫɚɟɟɛɪɚɬɨɦɉɢɝɦɚɥɢɨɧɨɦɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɦɢɦɧɚɫɢɥɢɢɢɠɚɠɞɟɟɞɢɧɨ
ɥɢɱɧɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɦɛɟɝɫɬɜɟɝɟɪɨɢɧɢɢɧɚɞɟɠɞɟɧɚɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɜ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɦɄɚɪɮɚɝɟɧɟɋɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɩɪɨɟɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɹɧɚɢɫɬɨɪɢɸɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɜɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɥɨɝɢɤɟɞɪɚ
ɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹȼɬɨɪɨɣɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɨɦ
ɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢɯɨɪɚɜɫɜɟɬɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɺɬ
©ɢɝɪɨɣɜɬɟɚɬɪªȼɨɡɜɪɚɬȾɢɞɨɧɵɜɫɜɨɟɩɪɨɲɥɨɟɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɣɰɢɬɚɬɨɣ
ɢɡɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɪɢɢɩɺɪɫɟɥɥɨɜɫɤɨɣɝɟɪɨɢɧɢɨɤɭɬɚɧɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɦɤɨɫɬɪɚɏɨɪɤɚɤ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɥɢɰɨɢɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɜɨɢɭɫɢ
ɥɢɹɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɧɹɬɶȾɢɞɨɧɭɢɡɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɢɨɡɚɛɨɱɟɧɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ
ɧɟɭɦɢɪɚɟɬɥɢɨɧɚɭɠɟɜɉɪɨɥɨɝɟɌɚɤɨɣ©ɠɟɫɬɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹªɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɬɨɪɝɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɩɟɪɧɵɣɫɸɠɟɬɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɹɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ
ɛɟɡɭɬɪɚɬɵɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɩɪɟɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɢɫɬɢɧɈɞɧɚɤɨɐɟɯɥɢɧɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɝɥɚɜɟɧ
ɫɬɜɨ©ɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨªɡɚɦɵɤɚɹɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɦɥɟɣɬɬɟɦɵɥɸɛɜɢȺɤɟɪɛɚɫɚɢ
ɗɥɢɫɫɵɢɪɢɬɦɨɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ©5HPHPEHUPHªɢɡɚɪɢɢȾɢɞɨɧɵ
ɂɧɨɣɦɨɞɭɫ©ɫɜɟɪɯɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨªɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɨɩɟɪɵɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɆɆɚ
ɪɟɥɥɢɜɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ©ɌɭɪɚɧɞɨɬªɉɭɱɱɢɧɢɧɚɫɰɟɧɟȻɨɞɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɡɟɪɚ
ɋɡɚɥɶɰɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɣ©Ⱥɪɢɚɞɧɨɣªɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɢɪɨɞɧɢɬ©ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹ
ɸɳɚɹªɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɳɚɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣɪɹɞɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ
ɨɬɫɜɨɟɝɨɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɲɜɟɣɰɚɪɫɤɢɣɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɦɨɣɫɰɟɧɨɣɧɚ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɨɣɤɚɤɤɨɦɧɚɬɚɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɚ
ȼɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚɜɩɨɢɫɤɟɢɞɟɣȾɥɹɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪ
ɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɲɤɚɬɭɥɤɚɢɨɞɧɚɢɡɟɺɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɦɟɥɨɞɢɣ
²ɮɚɤɬɵɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟɢɡɠɢɡɧɢɉɭɱɱɢɧɢȽɪɨɡɧɵɟɨɪɤɟɫɬɪɨɜɵɟɚɤɤɨɪɞɵɩɟɪɟ
ɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɵɣɫɸɠɟɬȼɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɣɜɷɬɨɣ
ɠɟɤɨɦɧɚɬɟɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɄɚɥɚɮɰɟɧɨɣɫɜɨɟɣɠɢɡɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɵɣɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɬɶɫɟɪɞɰɟ
ɌɭɪɚɧɞɨɬɄɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɢɟɝɨɝɟɪɨɣɜɪɚɜɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɦɢɮɨɥɨ
ɝɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɦɨɬɢɜɩɨɢɫɤɚɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɫɭɞɶɛɨɧɨɫɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɞɥɹɉɭɱɱɢɧɢ
²ɷɬɨɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɥɸɛɨɜɧɵɣɞɭɷɬɩɨɫɥɟɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɦɟɪɬɢɅɢɭɞɥɹɄɚɥɚɮɚ
²ɥɸɛɨɜɶɩɪɢɧɰɟɫɫɵȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɨɧɢɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɞɜɨɣɧɢɤɚɦɢɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɭɹ
ɝɪɚɧɶɦɟɠɞɭɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɵɦɆɚɪɟɥɥɢɨɛɵɝɪɵɜɚɟɬɩɪɢɫɭɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɜɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɥɢɧɢɸɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɌɭɪɚɧɞɨɬɫ
ɅɨɭɅɢɧɝɢ©ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚªɤɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭɦɢɪɭɥɸɞɟɣȼɩɟɪɜɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɪɚɫɫɤɚ
ɡɵɜɚɹɨɫɥɵɲɢɦɨɦɟɸɤɪɢɤɟɩɨɪɭɝɚɧɧɨɣɩɪɢɧɰɟɫɫɵɝɟɪɨɢɧɹɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɨɛ
ɥɚɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɟɬɹɠɟɥɵɟɨɞɟɠɞɵȼɫɰɟɧɟɡɚɝɚɞɨɤɜɪɟɦɹɫɥɨɜɧɨɛɵɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɩɹɬɶɢɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɹɌɭɪɚɧɞɨɬɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɝɨɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɥɟɱɚɦɢ
Ⱦɥɹɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹɟɟɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɨɡɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɦɨɟɜɢɞɟɨ
ȺɄɢɬɰɢɝɚɫɪɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɦɦɚɫɤɢɈɬɜɟɬɵɩɪɢɧɰɚɢɫ
ɤɚɠɚɸɬɛɟɡɞɭɲɧɵɣɟɟɥɢɤɩɨɤɚɨɧɚɧɟɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹȼɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɨɩɟɪɵɬɚɤɨɣɩɪɢɺɦɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɠɢ
ɦɨɫɬɶɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɚɩɪɢɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɯɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢɈɧɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨɦɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɠɚɧɪɚɤɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ
ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɯɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɟɣɦɟɠɞɭɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɮɚɤɬɚɦɢɢ
ɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɦɢɤɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚ
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ɧɨɜɤɟ©ɊɢɝɨɥɟɬɬɨªȼɟɪɞɢɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɎɒɬɺɥɶɰɥɶȻɪɟɝɟɧɰɬɨɧɧɚɹ
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ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɶɬɟɡɢɫɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢɜɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ
ɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɜɧɭɬɪɢɠɚɧɪɚɬɨɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹɫɜɹɡɶɦɟɠɞɭ©ɉɟɧɨɣɞɧɟɣªȾɟɧɢɫɨɜɚɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣɩɚɪɨɣ©ɉɢɤɨɜɚɹɞɚɦɚª
ɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ²©ɂɝɪɨɤªɉɪɨɤɨɮɶɟɜɚɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹɥɢɲɶɞɨɩɨɥ
ɧɹɸɬɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɞɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɦɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɷɬɨɝɨɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ>@ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ
ɜɜɢɞɭɦɨɬɢɜ©ɩɨɪɨɱɧɚɹɫɬɪɚɫɬɶ²ɩɨɝɭɛɥɟɧɧɚɹɥɸɛɨɜɶªɜɏȱɏɜɟɤɟɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ
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ɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɨɞɧɨɦɭɢɞɨɥɭɋɷɬɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ©ɉɟɧɚɞɧɟɣªȻȼɢɚɧɚ±ɗȾɟɧɢ
ɫɨɜɚɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɤɪɢɜɭɸɫɦɵɫɥɚɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣɞɥɹɦɢɮɚɩɭɬɶɜɚ
ɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɯɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ȼɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢɨɩɟɪɵɧɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɡɚɛɵ
ɜɚɬɶɱɬɨɠɚɧɪɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɞɥɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɜɨɢɯ
ɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɜɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɉɨ
ɷɬɨɦɭɞɚɥɟɤɨɧɟɤɚɠɞɨɟɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɤɜɨɡɶɩɪɢ
ɡɦɭɦɢɮɚȾɥɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ²ɞɜɟɫɯɨɠɢɟɩɨɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟɧɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɩɨ©ɩɪɚɜ
ɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɸªɨɩɟɪɵ©ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɤɚªɆȼɚɣɧɛɟɪɝɚɢ©ɀɟɧɫɤɢɣɨɪɤɟɫɬɪ
Ⱥɭɲɜɢɰɚªɒɏɨɣɤɟ±Ɉɛɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɩɪɨɡɵɛɵɜɲɢɯɭɡ
ɧɢɰɈɫɜɟɧɰɢɦɚɉɨɜɟɫɬɶɁɉɨɫɦɵɲɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ
ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɚɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɢ©ɦɭɤɫɨɜɟɫɬɢª©ɫɬɪɚɯɚɪɚɡɨɛɥɚɱɟɧɢɹªɱɬɨɞɚɟɬɚɜɬɨɪɚɦ
ɨɩɟɪɵɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɧɨɫɢɬɶɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɊɨɦɚɧɎɎɟɧɟɥɨɧɤɚɤ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɨɩɟɪɵɏɨɣɤɟɫɨɡɞɚɧɩɨɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɡɚɩɢɫɹɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɟɜɢɰɚɜɟɥɚɫ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢɜɤɨɧɰɥɚɝɟɪɶȿɟɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ²ɷɬɨɯɪɨɧɢɤɚɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɯ
ɛɭɞɧɟɣɢɫɭɞɟɛɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɇɚɯɥɵɧɭɜɲɟɟɩɪɨɲɥɨɟɜɵɡɜɚɥɨɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ
ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɣɫɹɜɠɢɜɵɯɜɢɨɥɨɧɱɟɥɢɫɬɤɢɥɚɝɟɪɧɨɝɨɨɪɤɟɫɬɪɚȺɅɚɫɤɟɪȼɚɥɶɮɢɲ
ɜɧɺɫɲɟɣɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɜɵɜɬɟɤɫɬɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɌɚɤɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɵɩɨɫɜɨɟɦɭɡɚɩɟɱɚɬ
ɥɟɥɢɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɏɏɜɟɤɚ
Ɉɛɨɛɳɚɹɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɞɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦɨɩɟɪɵɢɦɢɮɚɦɨɠɧɨɫɤɚ
ɡɚɬɶɱɬɨɨɩɟɪɚɪɚɜɧɚɢɧɟɪɚɜɧɚɦɢɮɭȼɦɢɮɟɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɩɵɬɫɜɟɪɧɭɬ
ɜɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɜɨɩɟɪɟɨɧɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɮɚɡɵɨɬɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɟɣɫɪɟ
ɚɥɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɢɝɪɵɞɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɚ
ɰɢɢɢɞɟɢɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɟɺɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹȼɷɬɨɦɜɢɞɢɬɫɹɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɠɚɧɪɚ
ɢɟɝɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɚɹɫɚɦɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɄɢɪɢɥɥɢɧɚɅȾɪɚɦɚ±Ɉɩɟɪɚ±ɊɨɦɚɧɆɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹʋɋ±
ɄɢɪɢɥɥɢɧɚɅɈɬ©Ⱥɥɤɟɫɬɵªɤ©ȺɥɶɰɟɫɬɟªȺɧɬɢɱɧɵɣɦɢɮɜɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɇɨɜɨɝɨɜɪɟ
ɦɟɧɢɆɭɡɵɤɚɢɦɢɮɫɛɬɪɆȽɆɉɂɢɦȽɧɟɫɢɧɵɯȼɵɩɋ±
ɆɢɡɢɬɨɜɚȺɆɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ©ɉɟɧɵɞɧɟɣªɗȾɟɧɢɫɨɜɚ
Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣɬɟɚɬɪɏɏɜɟɤɚɋɨɛɵɬɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɬɨɝɢɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵɪɟɞɫɨɫɬ
ȺȺȻɚɟɜɚȿɇɄɭɪɢɥɟɧɤɨɆȿɞɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɍɊɋɋɋ±
ɆɿɡɿɬɨɜɚȺɉɟɪɫɟɥɥɿɜɫɶɤɿɦɨɬɢɜɢɨɩɟɪɢ©ȿɥɿɫɫɚªɊɭɬɐɟɯɥɿɧɑɚɫɨɩɢɫɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨʀɦɭɡɢɱɧɨʀɚɤɚɞɟɦɿʀɍɤɪɚʀɧɢɿɦɟɧɿɉȱɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɶɤɨɝɨʋɋ±
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ȺɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹȾɨɤɥɚɞɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɟ;,;ɜɟɤɚɜɬɟɨɪɟ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɢɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɚɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵɩɪɨ
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ɧɨɦɢɡɬɨɦɨɜɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ1HXHV+DQGEXFKGHU0XVLNZLVVHQVFKDIW
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ɧɢɸɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɟɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɧɨɜɨɝɨɬɪɭɞɚɨɬɩɪɟɠɧɟɝɨ+DQGEXFKGHU
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ɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɟɬɨɞɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɞɯɨɞɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɨ
ɛɵɬɢɹɢɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɬɚɤɢɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɢɡɦɟ
ɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɤɚɤɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ;,;
ɜɟɤɤɚɤɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɷɩɨɯɭɪɚɫɩɨ
ɥɚɝɚɸɳɭɸɫɹɦɟɠɞɭɤɥɚɫɫɢɰɢɡɦɨɦɢɇɨɜɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɨɣȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɟɝɨɢɝɨɞɚɦɢɢɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɧɚɛɨɥɟɟɤɪɚɬɤɢɯɩɟɪɢɨ
ɞɨɜɀɚɧɪɨɩɟɪɵɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɚɠɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɤɪɚɫɧɨɣɧɢɬɶɸɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɱɟ
ɪɟɡɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɧɢɯ
Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɟɫɶɦɚɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɱɢɫɥɨɦɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɛɨɪ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɥɚɛɨɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ
ɆȽɥɢɧɤɟɢɆɆɭɫɨɪɝɫɤɨɦɭɊɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹɠɚɧɪɨɩɟɪɵɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɑɚɣɤɨɜ
ɫɤɨɝɨɆɭɫɨɪɝɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨɊɢɦɫɤɨɝɨɄɨɪɫɚɤɨɜɚɢȻɨɪɨɞɢɧɚɭɱɟɧɵɣɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɢɡɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɨɟɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɦɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɥɢɛɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ
ɫɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹɤɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɌɪɚɤɬɭɹɷɩɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɢɧɚɱɟɱɟɦɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɜ
ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦɦɭɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɢɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɧɚ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɭªȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹ
ɜ©ȻɨɪɢɫɟȽɨɞɭɧɨɜɟªɨɧɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɱɟɪɬɵɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ
ɮɚɛɭɥɜɨɫɨɛɨɦɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ©ɞɪɚɦɵɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜªɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ȼɨɩɪɟɤɢɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚɟɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɞɧɚɤɨɤɚɠɟɬ
ɫɹɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣɢɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
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ɭɡɵɤɚ;,;ɜɟɤɚɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɜɚɠɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɢɜɵɞɚ
ɸɳɟɝɨɫɹɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɚɄɚɪɥɚȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚ±ɋ
ɝɨɞɚɩɨɞɟɝɨɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɶɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚɞ©ɇɨɜɵɦɪɭɤɨ
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɦɭɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɸª1HXHV+DQGEXFKGHU0XVLNZLVVHQVFKDIWɝɞɟɢɦ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɛɵɥɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɬɨɦ©Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ;,;ɜɟɤɚªɂɡɞɚɧɢɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨɦɟɬɨɞɨ
ɥɨɝɢɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ
ɂɞɟɢɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ
ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɚɎɟɪɧɚɧɚȻɪɨɞɟɥɹɫɬɚɥɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɩɨɩɭ
ɥɹɪɧɵɜȿɜɪɨɩɟɜ±ɟɝɨɞɵɢɯɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɢɫɩɵɬɚɥɢȾɚɥɶ
ɯɚɭɡɜɚɠɧɚɹɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɪɚɛɨɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ©Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɢª
ɛɵɥɚɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɚɜɝɨɞɭ>@ɢɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɧɟɭɬɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɜɨɟɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤɜɩɪɨɱɟɦɢɜɫɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɟɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟɭɱɟɧɨɝɨɈɧɚɛɵɥɚɩɟɪɟɢɡɞɚɧɚɜ
ɝɨɞɭɜɩɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɢɤɧɟɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɜɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɆɢɤɟɥɟɄɚɥɟɥɥ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɭɱɧɭɸɝɥɭɛɢɧɭɢɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɶɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚ
ɮɢɢȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚ>@ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɸɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɭɱɟɧɨɝɨɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɚɧɚ

ȿɝɨɫɭɬɶɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɚɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɂɋɚɜɟɥɶɟɜɨɣɢȺɉɨɥɟɬɚɟɜɚ>@ɂɫɬɨɪɢɤɚɦɢɛɵɥɢɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɵɢɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵɞɜɚɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɤɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ²ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɧɵɣɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣɉɪɟɞɫɬɚ
ɜɢɬɟɥɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɱɬɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɚɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɫɬɪɟ
ɦɹɬɫɹɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɢɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɬɚɤɢɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɤɚɤɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ²ɢɦɟɧɧɨɨɧɢɢɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ>@

ɋɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɬɚɬɶɸɆɚɪɤɭɫɚɁɚɝɨɪɫɤɢɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɜɲɟɝɨɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɜ
ɬɪɭɞɚɦȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɜɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɦɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ>±@
ɄɚɪɥȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɟ
ɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɇɢɤɨɥɚɭɫɍɪɛɚɧɟɤ>@ɋ©Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɢªɛɵɥɚɩɪɟ
ɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɬɨɦɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɣɦɭɡɵɤɟ;,;ɜɟɤɚɜ1HXHV+DQGEXFKGHU
0XVLNZLVVHQVFKDIW>@
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɞɯɨɞȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɸɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɢɤɚɤɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɢɢɝɪɚ
ɸɬɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɹɡɢɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ
ɢɢɯɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɜɹɡɟɣɜ;,;ɜɟɤɟɩɪɨɧɭɦɟɪɨɜɚɥɞɢɫɤɭɬɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫ
Ⱦɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɦɏȼɒɜɚɛ
ɗɫɬɟɬɢɤɚɝɟɧɢɹɤɚɤɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɚɹɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɩɨɷɬɢɤɟ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢɜɵɬɟɫɧɢɜɲɢɣɥɢɛɨɨɛɟɫɰɟɧɢɜɲɢɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɦɭɡɵɤɢ
ɂɞɟɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɚɤɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɤɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɦɭɡɵɤɢɤɚɤɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɥɨɝɢɤɢɫɨɞ
ɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɢɜɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɦɩɨɡɢ
ɬɨɪɚɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ
Ȼɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɚɹɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɚɹɠɢɡɧɶɤɚɤɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɵɫɥɢɨɛɚɜɬɨɧɨ
ɦɢɢɢɜɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɦɭɡɵɤɢ
ɗɦɚɧɫɢɩɚɰɢɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɢ
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɡɴɹɬɵɯɢɡɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɬɚ
ɛɢɥɶɧɵɣɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɢɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬɨɦ
ɧɨɜɢɡɧɵɢɫɢɞɟɟɣɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ
ɍɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢɫɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɛɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɟɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɹɟɣ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜ
ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ©ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨªɢɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɨɰɟɧɤɚ©ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨªɱɬɨ
ɨɛɴɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶɫɚɦɨɫɨɛɨɣɪɚɡɭɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹɧɨɱɟɦɭɦɨɝɥɢɢɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɬɶɨɫɨɛɨ
ɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ>@
;,;ɜɟɤɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɦɤɚɤɷɩɨɯɚɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɢɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚ
ɸɳɚɹɫɹɨɬɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚȻɟɬɯɨɜɟɧɚɨɩɟɪɊɨɫɫɢɧɢɢɩɟɫɟɧɒɭɛɟɪɬɚɞɨ
©ɷɦɚɧɫɢɩɚɰɢɢɞɢɫɫɨɧɚɧɫɚªɭɒɺɧɛɟɪɝɚɍɱɟɧɵɣɫɤɥɨɧɹɥɫɹɤɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ;,;
ɜɟɤɚɤɚɤɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣɢɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɷɩɨɯɢɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣɫɹɦɟɠɞɭɤɥɚɫɫɢɰɢɡɦɨɦɢɇɨɜɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɨɣɋɨɱɬɹɡɚɜɟ
ɞɨɦɨɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦɢɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɜɟɯɢ±ɝɟɪɦɚɧ
ɫɤɢɣɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɜɡɹɥɡɚɨɫɧɨɜɭɩɟɪɢɨɞɫɩɨɝɨɞɵ
©Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ;,;ɜɟɤɚªɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɢɩɹɬɶɝɥɚɜ±±
±±±Ɉɩɨɪɧɵɦɢɬɨɱɤɚɦɢɞɥɹɬɚɤɨɝɨɞɟ
ɥɟɧɢɹɫɬɚɥɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢȼɟɧɫɤɢɣɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɹ
ȻɭɪɛɨɧɨɜɞɜɟɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɜɨɎɪɚɧɰɢɢɢɝɨɞɵɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ
ɫɤɚɹ©ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɚª±ɝɨɞɨɜɨɬɫɬɚɜɤɚȻɢɫɦɚɪɤɚɜɝɨɞɭɢɧɚɱɚ
ɥɨɉɟɪɜɨɣɆɢɪɨɜɨɣɜɨɣɧɵɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɭɱɟɧɵɣɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɢɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭ
ɟɬɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɸɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɢɢɜɫɮɟɪɟ
Ɇȿɉɵɥɚɟɜ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɩɨɥɟɦɢɡɢɪɭɹɫɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɧɨɣɞɥɹɧɟɝɨɦɚɪɤɫɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣȼɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɢɬɨɝɟɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɟȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɦɯɪɨɧɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɟɯɢɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢɢɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ;,;ɜɟɤɜɟɝɨɞɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɟ±ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɨɬɪɟɡɨɤɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɢɣɫɹɨɬɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚȻɟɬɯɨɜɟɧɚ
ɨɩɟɪɊɨɫɫɢɧɢɢɩɟɫɟɧɒɭɛɟɪɬɚɞɨɲɺɧɛɟɪɝɨɜɫɤɨɣ©ɷɦɚɧɫɢɩɚɰɢɢɞɢɫɫɨɧɚɧ
ɫɚªɢɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɧɟɣɨɬɯɨɞɚɊɒɬɪɚɭɫɚɨɬɦɨɞɟɪ
ɧɢɡɦɚɜ©Ʉɚɜɚɥɟɪɟɪɨɡɵª>@
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɚɦɨɤɢɝɪɚɧɢɰɞɚɺɬɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɶɭɥɨɜɢɬɶɨɩɨɪɭɧɚɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɚɜɫɬɪɨɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɢɞɨɛɚ
ɜɢɦɱɬɨɢɡɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɞɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɣ©Ɇɭɡɵɤɢ;,;ɜɟɤɚªɧɟɩɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɫɱɟɡɥɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɄȾɟɛɸɫɫɢɢɆɊɚɜɟɥɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ©ɫɤɜɨɡɧɨɣɥɢɧɢɟɣªɜɤɧɢɝɟȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚɦɨɠɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɩɪɨɫɥɟ
ɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɭɞɶɛɵɢɦɟɧɧɨɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚɇɚɦɟɤɧɚɷɬɨɫɨɞɟɪ
ɠɢɬɫɹɭɠɟɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ²ɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟ©ɋɬɢɥɟɜɨɣɞɭɚɥɢɡɦª>±@Ɋɟɱɶ
ɡɞɟɫɶɢɞɟɬɨɛɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɟɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɡɦɚɢɢɬɚɥɨɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣ
ɨɩɟɪɵ©ɷɩɨɯɟȻɟɬɯɨɜɟɧɚɢɊɨɫɫɢɧɢªɩɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚɇɢɠɟɪɚɡ
ɝɨɜɨɪɨɛɨɩɟɪɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹɨɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɣɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣɢɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɚɯɨȻɟɥɥɢɧɢɢȾɨɧɢɰɟɬɬɢɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢ
©ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵªɚɬɚɤɠɟȾɠɊɨɫɫɢɧɢ²ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ©ȼɢɥɶ
ɝɟɥɶɦɚɌɟɥɥɹªɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɪɚɦɟȼɚɝɧɟɪɚɢɨɩɟɪɟɞɪɚɦɟȼɟɪɞɢȼɩɚɪɚɝɪɚ
ɮɟ©ɂɞɟɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɨɩɟɪɵªɢɡȽɥɚɜɵ,,,±ɤɪɚɬɤɨɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟ
ɧɵɨɩɟɪɵɆȽɥɢɧɤɢɎɗɪɤɟɥɹɋɬɆɨɧɸɲɤɨəȼɌɨɦɚɲɟɤɚȻɋɦɟɬɚɧɵ
ɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɛɨɩɟɪɟɛɭɮɮɚɨɩɟɪɟɬɬɟɢɬɚɤɧɚɡɵɜɚɟ
ɦɨɣɫɚɜɨɣɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɟȼȽɥɚɜɟ,9±ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦɤɪɚɬɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɛɪɚɡ
ɰɨɜ©ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɪɚɦɵªɢɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɚɨɩɟɪȽɭɧɨɆɚɫɫɧɟ©Ʉɚɪɦɟɧª
Ȼɢɡɟɢ©ɋɤɚɡɨɤȽɨɮɦɚɧɚªɈɮɮɟɧɛɚɯɚɚɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟɩɨɞɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ©Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚªɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ©ȻɨɪɢɫȽɨɞɭɧɨɜª
Ɇɭɫɨɪɝɫɤɨɝɨ©ɄɧɹɡɶɂɝɨɪɶªȻɨɪɨɞɢɧɚ©ɁɨɥɨɬɨɣɩɟɬɭɲɨɤªɊɢɦɫɤɨɝɨɄɨɪɫɚ
ɤɨɜɚɢ©ȿɜɝɟɧɢɣɈɧɟɝɢɧªɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɁɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɱɬɨȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɝɨɜɨɪɹɨ;,;ɜɟɤɟɧɟɦɨɝɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɜɨɢɦɜɧɢ
ɦɚɧɢɟɦɪɭɫɫɤɭɸɦɭɡɵɤɭɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɲɭɸɫɨɛɨɣɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɜɚɠɧɨɟɢɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɈɞɧɚɤɨɫɪɚɡɭɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɧɟɤɨɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɧɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɢɪɚɡɛɨɪɟɧɨɢɩɪɢɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢɬɟɯɢɥɢɢɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɋɚɦɢɯɤɪɭɝ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɜɵɛɨɪɠɟɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɞɚɠɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɦɌɚɤɢɡɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣȾɚɪɝɨɦɵɠɫɤɨɝɨɧɚ
ɡɜɚɧɥɢɲɶ©ɄɚɦɟɧɧɵɣɝɨɫɬɶªɢɡɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚɊɢɦɫɤɨɝɨɄɨɪɫɚɤɨɜɚ
²©ɁɨɥɨɬɨɣɩɟɬɭɲɨɤªɆɭɫɨɪɝɫɤɢɣɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɤɚɜɬɨɪ©Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ
Ƚɨɞɭɧɨɜɚªɩɪɢɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢ©ȼɟɫɧɵɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣªɋɬɪɚɜɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɭɦɚɥɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɫɹɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯɪɚɧɟɟ©ɀɚɪɩɬɢɰɟª©ɉɟɬɪɭɲɤɟª²ɢɬɞɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɜɧɢ
ɦɚɧɢɹɭɞɨɫɬɨɢɥɢɫɶȽɥɢɧɤɚɢɆɭɫɨɪɝɫɤɢɣɉɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɡɧɢɯȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɫɤɥɨɧɟɧ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹɨɞɧɚɤɨɧɟɤɭɸɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
©ɂɜɚɧɋɭɫɚɧɢɧª©ɀɢɡɧɶɡɚɰɚɪɹªɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦɦɭɡɵɤɨ
ɜɟɞɨɦɤɚɤ©ɨɩɟɪɚɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹªɧɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɥɟɠɚɳɢɣɜɟɟɨɫɧɨ
ɜɟ²ɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɹɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɩɟɫɧɢɢɥɢɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɩɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɭɯɚɈɛɴɹɫɧɹɹɩɪɨ
ɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɢɪɨɫɬɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɦɭɡɵɤɟȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɟɝɨɫ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɟɣɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɢɥɢɨɬɪɚ
ɠɟɧɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ©Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɦɭ
ɡɵɤɟɟɫɬɶɫɤɨɪɟɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɟɟɫɹɧɟɤɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭɚɤɩɨ
ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢªɀɚɧɪɨɦɜɨɩɥɨɬɢɜɲɢɦ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɢɥɶɭɱɟɧɵɣɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɨɩɟɪɭɚɧɟɫɢɦɮɨɧɢɸɱɬɨ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫ©ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣɷɩɨɯɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɧɚɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɩɨɷɬɢɤɭɫɱɢɬɚɜɲɭɸɜɵɫɲɢɦ
ɠɚɧɪɨɦɞɪɚɦɭ²ɬɨɱɧɟɟɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɸª>@
Ƚɨɜɨɪɹɨɫɜɹɡɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɫɥɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɢɫɢɞɟɟɣ
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɩɟɫɧɢȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɩɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɩɨɥɶ
ɫɤɨɣɬɚɧɰɟɜɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜ©ɂɜɚɧɟɋɭɫɚɧɢɧɟªɤɚɤɧɚɢɜɧɵɣɯɨɬɹɢɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɢɱɟɝɨɧɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɨɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɫɬɢɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚɪɭɫ
ɫɤɨɝɨɢɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɜɦɭɡɵɤɟɨɩɟɪɵɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɦɢ²ɹɪɤɢɣɩɪɢɦɟɪɪɚɡ
ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɲɟɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɭɸɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ©ɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵªɢɧɟ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɟɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ
ɤɢɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɩɢɪɚɥɫɹɧɚɤɧɢɝɢɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɢɫɥɚ
ɜɹɧɫɤɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɚɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɚȾɠɟɪɚɥɞɚɗɪ
ɧɟɫɬɚȺɛɪɚɯɚɦɚ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɨɬɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɜɝɜȼɟɧɟɛɵɥɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɟ
ɦɟɰɤɢɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɤɧɢɝɢɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɨɜɟɞɚɤɪɢɬɢɤɚɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɟɝɨɡɧɚɬɨɤɚ
ɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚȺɥɟɤɫɟɹɉɚɪɢɧɚ©ɏɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɜɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɵɣɝɪɚɞɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɪɭɫ
ɫɤɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵªɆɨɫɤɜɚȺɝɪɚɮȼɷɬɨɣɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɫɲɢɪɨɤɢɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɟɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɫɮɟɪɚɦɢɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣɠɢɡ
ɧɢɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɤɧɢɝɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɭ
ɤɚɤɚɜɬɨɪɭ©Ɇɭɡɵɤɢ;,;ɜɟɤɚª²ɬɚɤɭɠɟɩɟɪɜɚɹɝɥɚɜɚɩɨɞɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ©ɇɚɛɚɬ
ɡɚɤɥɚɧɢɹɢɩɟɪɟɡɜɨɧɤɨɪɨɧɚɰɢɢɰɚɪɶª³2SIHUXQJVJORFNHQXQG.U|QXQJVJHOlXW
GHU=DU´ɫɪɚɡɭɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɥɚɛɵɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɚ>
±@Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɱɬɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɤɧɢɝɢɜɵɡɜɚɥɚɜɟɫɶɦɚɛɥɚɝɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɨɬɤɥɢɤɢɩɪɟɫɫɵ>@Ɉɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɥɢɲɶɫɨɠɚɥɟɬɶɱɬɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨ
ɬɵɩɨɪɹɞɭɩɪɢɱɢɧɛɵɥɚɛɵɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɜɛɵɜɲɟɦɋɋɋɊ
ɀɚɧɪɨɜɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɬɨɤɢ©ɂɜɚɧɚɋɭɫɚɧɢɧɚªɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɢ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɠɚɧɪɭ©ɨɩɟɪɵɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹªȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɜɨɡɜɨɞɢɬɤɬɨɣɥɢɧɢɢɢɫɬɨ
ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɧɚɱɚɥɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ²ɜɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɷɩɨɯɟɜɢɞɢɦɨɢɦɟ
ɟɬɫɹɜɜɢɞɭɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɚɹɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɝɨɞɚɨɞɧɚɤɨɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
Ɇȿɉɵɥɚɟɜ
ɢɝɨɞɨɜɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ©ɊɭɫɥɚɧɢɅɸɞ
ɦɢɥɚªɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɦɭɱɟɧɵɦɤɚɤɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɬɚɹɡɚ
ɩɭɬɚɧɧɚɹɩɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸɫɤɚɡɤɚɩɟɫɬɪɚɹɩɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɧɨɫɛɥɟɞɧɵɦɢɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɚɦɢ>±@
ɀɚɧɪɨɩɟɪɵȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɧɟɛɟɡɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ
ɦɭɡɵɤɟ;,;ɜɟɤɚɊɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹɟɝɨɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɭɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɷɬɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɆɭɫɨɪɝɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨɊɢɦɫɤɨɝɨɄɨɪɫɚɤɨɜɚɢȻɨɪɨ
ɞɢɧɚɭɱɟɧɵɣɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɨɟɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɦɡɚ
ɦɟɬɧɨɥɢɛɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹɤɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɤɭɪɫɢɜɦɨɣ²Ɇɉ>
@ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɩɟɪɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɚɜ
ɬɨɪɨɜɢɯɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɣɨɛɳɟɣɱɟɪɬɨɣɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɭɱɟɧɨɝɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɨɱɬɨ
ɜɫɟɨɧɢɹɜɧɨɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɸɬɫɹɨɬ©ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣªɮɨɪɦɵɞɪɚɦɵɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɣɢɡ
ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɇɨɜɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɚɨɩɟɪɭɈɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ
ɱɬɨɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɬɚɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɤɚɤ©ȻɨɪɢɫȽɨɞɭɧɨɜª©Ʉɧɹɡɶɂɝɨɪɶª©ȿɜɝɟ
ɧɢɣɈɧɟɝɢɧªɢ©Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɣɩɟɬɭɲɨɤªɩɨɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɹɜɧɢɯɷɩɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬɞɥɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɈɞɧɚɢɡɩɪɢɱɢɧɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɞɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɜɫɤɢɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨ
ɝɨɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɤȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɸɋɫɵɥɤɢɧɚɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɧɚȺɪɢ
ɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɭȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚɤɚɤɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɬɚɤɢɜ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɨɣɢɦ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹɰɢɬɚɬɚɢɡ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɢª©Ⱦɚɥɟɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɩɨɦɧɢɬɶɬɨ
ɨɱɺɦɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɛɵɥɨɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɢɧɟɫɨɱɢɧɹɬɶɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɫɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɨɦȺɩɨɞɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɹɪɚɡɭɦɟɸɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɜɫɟɛɟɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɛɭɥɧɟɦ
HLQHQYLHOVWR൶JHQ,QKDOW²ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɫɥɢɛɵɤɬɨɫɞɟɥɚɥɨɞɧɭɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɸɢɡ
ɰɟɥɨɣ³ɂɥɢɚɞɵ´ª>@
Ɍɨɱɬɨɚɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɟɜɫɤɨɟɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɜɢɞɟɥɨɡɭɧɝɚ©ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹª
ɫɬɚɜɲɟɟɨɛɳɢɦɦɟɫɬɨɦɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɷɬɢɤɢɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɥɨɤɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɞɪɚɦɚ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɠɚɧɪɭɧɟɦɨɝɥɨɛɵɬɶɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɟɇɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɢɲɟɬɭɱɟɧɵɣɈɞɧɚɤɨɜɨɩɟɪɭɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɞɪɚɦɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɤɧɟɣ
Ⱦɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ©Ƚɨɞɭɧɨɜɚªɢ©Ʉɧɹɡɹɂɝɨɪɹªɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɬɥɢɱɚɜɲɚ
ɹɫɹɨɬɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɫɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɩɪɨɧɢɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɩɨɡɞɧɨȼɟɪ
ɞɢɤɬɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɚɫɭɪɨɜ©ȻɨɪɢɫȽɨɞɭɧɨɜªɢ©Ʉɧɹɡɶɂɝɨɪɶªɜɨɬ
ɥɢɱɢɟɨɬ©Ƚɭɝɟɧɨɬɨɜªɢ©ɉɪɨɪɨɤɚªɆɟɣɟɪɛɟɪɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣɧɟɱɬɨ
ɢɧɨɟɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɠɚɧɪɚ>@
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ©ȻɨɪɢɫɚȽɨɞɭɧɨɜɚªɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚ
ɟɦɨɝɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɡɞɟɫɶɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ȼɚɠɧɵɦɞɥɹȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɫɨɞɟɪ
ɠɚɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɵɥɢɧɢɣɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɝɟɪɨɟɜ
©ɞɪɚɦɵɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜªɩɨȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɭɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɆɵɜɧɨɜɶɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɦɫɹɡɞɟɫɶɫɜɟɫɶɦɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢɧɨɨɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢɂɯɫɭɬɶɬɚɤɨɜɚ
ɍɆɟɣɟɪɛɟɪɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɤɚɤɞɪɚɦɚɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɜɰɟɥɨɦɧɟ
ɜɬɨɪɝɚɟɬɫɹɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɫɟɟɛɨɪɶɛɨɣɡɚɜɥɚɫɬɶɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɢɧ
ɬɪɢɝɚɦɢɢɧɚɱɟ²ɭɆɭɫɨɪɝɫɤɨɝɨɝɞɟɥɸɛɨɜɶȽɪɢɝɨɪɢɹɤɆɚɪɢɧɟɟɫɬɶɧɟɛɨ
ɥɟɟɱɟɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɰɟɥɢȿɫɥɢɜ©Ƚɭɝɟɧɨɬɚɯªɢ
©ɉɪɨɪɨɤɟªɞɪɚɦɚɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɬɨɜ©Ȼɨ
ɪɢɫɟȽɨɞɭɧɨɜɟªɨɧɚ²ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣɚɤɬɦɭɡɵɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɪɟɡ
ɤɨɨɬɥɢɱɧɚɨɬɦɭɡɵɤɢɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɜɜɟɞɟɧɜɨɩɟɪɭɩɨɡɞɧɟɟɩɨɞɱɟɪ
ɤɢɜɚɟɬɭɱɟɧɵɣɬɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɟɦɬɨɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ
Ⱦɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɩɢɲɟɬɞɥɹɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɢɠɚɧɪɚɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨ
ɞɪɚɦɚɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɭɜɢɞɟɧɧɚɹɝɥɚɡɚɦɢɆɚɪɢɧɵɆɧɢɲɟɤɤɚɤɤɨɦɟɞɢɹɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ
ɟɫɬɶɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɰɟɥɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɚɧɟɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɮɨɧɟɨɩɟɪɧɨɝɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ
ɷɬɨɝɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɤɚɤɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɚɞɪɚɦɚɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɢɡɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɧɰɢ
ɩɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɟɝɨɱɟɪɬɵɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɱɚɫɬɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɦɨɝɛɵɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɟɫɥɢɛɵɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɨɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ>@
ȿɳɟɨɞɧɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɭɱɟɧɨɝɨɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɤɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ
ɢɡɬɪɟɯɥɢɧɢɣɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ©ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɛɭɥɶɧɨɣɞɪɚɦɵªɆɭɫɨɪɝɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɫɚ
ɦɨɝɨɰɚɪɹɋɚɦɨɡɜɚɧɰɚɢɧɚɪɨɞɚɥɢɲɶɥɢɧɢɹɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɚȻɨɪɢɫɚɥɨɝɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɚɟɝɨɫɦɟɪɬɶɸɆɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɫɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹɤɦɵɫɥɢɱɬɨɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɜ
ɣɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢɨɩɟɪɵɫɰɟɧɵɩɨɞɄɪɨɦɚɦɢɩɪɨɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɜɟɬɧɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɥɟɠɚɜɲɢɟɜɨɫɧɨɜɟɨɩɟɪɵɧɨɡɚɬɟɦɧɚ
ɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɚɦɢɢɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢȼɪɚɦɤɚɯɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɵɨɩɟɪɵɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɢɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɢɦɟɧɧɨɤɚɤɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɟɤɚɪɬɢɧɵɬɨɝɞɚɤɚɤɜ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɤɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɢɦɟɟɬɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɫɹɨɩɟɪɚɆɭɫɨɪɝ
ɫɤɨɝɨɨɧɢɝɪɨɡɹɬɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɟɱɬɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɟȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɬɚɤ
ɠɟɱɬɨɨɞɢɧɢɡɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɨɩɟɪɵ²ɜɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɥɢɰɚɩɨɱɬɢɧɟɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɞɪɭɝɫɞɪɭɝɨɦɗɬɨɤɚɤɹɜɫɬɜɭɟɬɢɡ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɵɫɥɢɭɱɟɧɨɝɨɬɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɟɪɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚɧɟ
ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɢɚɥɨɝɟɤɚɤɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟɞɪɚɦɵɢɛɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ
ɡɞɟɫɶɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ>±@
ɊɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɦȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚɧɟɥɶɡɹɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɜɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɚɪɝɭ
ɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɩɨɞɫɨɛɨɣɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɬɜɟɪɞɭɸɩɨɱɜɭɯɨɬɹɫɚɦɯɨɞɪɚɫ
ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣɡɞɟɫɶɜɟɫɶɦɚɧɟɨɛɵɱɟɧ²ɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɨɜɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧ
ɧɵɯɜɪɭɫɥɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɄɪɚɬɤɨɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɦɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɜɦɭɡɵɤɟɢɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɚɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɟ
ɩɨɡɚɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟɜɪɚɛɨɬɟȾɚɥɶɯɚɭɡɚ©Ɇɭ
ɡɵɤɚ;,;ɜɟɤɚª²ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹɥɢɲɶɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɪɟɞɢɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɱɢɯɜɫɬɚ
ɸɳɢɯɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹɭɱɟɧɨɝɨɉɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɯɨɞɚ
ɟɝɨɦɵɫɥɢɢɜɵɜɨɞɨɜɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɤɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢɢɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɸɧɨ
ɢɞɚɟɬɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɭɸɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɫɬɪɟɱɢɫɢɧɵɦɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɞɥɹɧɚɫɢ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɦɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɯɨɪɨɲɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ
Ɇȿɉɵɥɚɟɜ
ȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶɉɨɷɬɢɤɚɊɢɬɨɪɢɤɚɋɉɛȺɡɛɭɤɚ
ɄɨɫɢɤɨɜȽɄɁɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɢɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɧɚɭɤɢɨ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɁɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɚɹɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɚɢɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ;,;±;;ɜɟɤɨɜɌɪɚɤɬɚɬɵ
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า฼สีๆ้ื฻ิุำิุึาแฯ฻ิุำุูฯฺๅඑඏංංංฬฯิส
ูุ฻฼สืุฬิสฺูุหีฯึๅ
ඉඈൾඍංർඌඈൿඅංൻඋൾඍඍඈ
ංඇඍඁൾൾං඀ඁඍൾൾඇඍඁ฻ൾඇඍඎඋඒංඍൺඅංൺඇർඈආංർඈඉൾඋൺ
ൿඈඋආඎඅൺඍංඈඇඈൿൺඉඋඈൻඅൾආ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɂɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɚɹɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚ;9,,,ɜɟɤɚ²ɞɚɜɧɢɣɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ
ɦɭɡɵɤɢɨɞɧɚɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟɟɟɩɨɷɬɢɤɢɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɧɟɩɪɟɞɩɪɢ
ɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɟɟɢɫɬɨɤɨɜɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɟɟ
ɟɟɨɬɨɩɟɪɵVHULDɧɨɧɚɷɬɨɦɩɨɤɚɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɬɟɦɚɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɚɧɚ
ɥɢɡɨɦɤɨɪɧɟɣɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬɪɚɡɧɵɟɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɢɩɵɢɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ
ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɟɦɨɬɢɜɵɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɜɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɢɤɟɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɨɣɨɩɟɪɵ
Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵɞɥɢɥɚɫɶɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɥɭɬɨɪɚɜɟɤɨɜɢɦɟ
ɥɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɫɬɚɞɢɢɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɨɪɦɚɯ
Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟɫɸɠɟɬɧɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɢɩɵɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɜɧɟɣɬɨɠɟɧɟɪɚɜɧɨ
ɦɟɪɧɨȺɧɚɥɢɡɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɞɟɥɶɚɪɬɟɢɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɟɞɢɢ
©ɩɥɚɳɚɢɲɩɚɝɢªɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɦɵɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɱɚɫɬɨɫɤɨɪɟɟɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɇɚɩɪɨ
ɬɢɜɜɟɫɶɦɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢɛɵɥɢɥɢɧɢɢɜɟɞɭɳɢɟɨɬɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɤ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɚɜɬɨɪɵɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶɢɩɪɹɦɨɢɜɪɭɫɥɟɞɚɜɧɟɣɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣɟɳɟɫɨ
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ɦɨɥɶɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ©ɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚªɟɟɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɧɚɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɯ
ɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɨɜɩɨɪɚɡɧɨɦɭɧɨɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɨȾɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ
ɯɨɬɹɢɦɟɧɟɟɲɢɪɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬɤɩɚɫɬɨɪɚɥɢɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨȼɨɡɪɨɠɞɟ
ɧɢɹɤɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɛɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɨɩɟɪɵ;9,,ɜɟɤɚɊɟɞɤɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɤɚɪ
ɧɚɜɚɥɶɧɵɟɦɨɬɢɜɵɬɚɤɠɟɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɨɫɨɛɨɟɦɟɫɬɨȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɯɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ
ɢɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɜɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɢɤɟȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɥɨɩɨɪɭɪɚɫɰɜɟɬɚɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɨɣɨɩɟɪɵ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɚɹɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚ;9,,,ɜɟɤɚɩɨɷɬɢɤɚɥɢɛɪɟɬ
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ɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɚɹɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚ;9,,,ɜɟɤɚ²ɨɞɧɚɢɡɹɪɱɚɣɲɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɢɦɨɳɧɚɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɜ
ɲɟɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɤɨɥɨɩɨɥɭɬɨɪɚɜɟɤɨɜɨɬɩɟɪɜɵɯɨɩɵɬɨɜəɤɨɩɨɆɟɥɚɧɢ
ɜɤɨɧɰɟɯɝɨɞɨɜɞɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɨɣɨɩɟɪEXৼDȾɠɨɚɤ
ɤɢɧɨɊɨɫɫɢɧɢɄɨɧɟɱɧɨɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɚɹɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚɭɠɟɞɚɜɧɨɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɹɜɩɨɥɟɡɪɟɧɢɹɦɭɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɨɜɢɩɨɟɟɩɨɜɨɞɭɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɧɵɰɟɧɧɵɟɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
ɦɢɦɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɥɨɠɧɨɩɪɨɣɬɢɄɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɜɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɣɨɛɡɨɪɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟȽɥɨɪɢɢɋɬɚɮɮɶɟɪɢɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɜɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣɨɩɟ
ɪɨɣɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɢɦɟɟɬɨɞɧɨɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɟɫɥɢɩɨɷɬɢɤɚɥɢɛɪɟɬ
ɬɨɞɥɹɨɩɟɪɵVHULDɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɨɞɧɨɦɭɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨ
ɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɦɭɢɫɬɨɤɭ²ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɦɭɬɪɭɞɭȺɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹɨɡɚɤɨɧɚɯɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢɇɨɤɚɤɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɨɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɧɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɨɫɶɫɬɨɥɶɠɟɚɜ
ɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɝɨɬɪɭɞɚɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɤɚɤɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɋɬɚɮɮɶɟɪɢɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɚɹɤɨɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚɜɫɜɨɢɯɢɫɬɨɤɚɯɧɟɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɚɤɚɤɨɩɟɪɚVHULDɧɨɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɚ
>@Ɉɬɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɹɫɶɨɬɷɬɨɝɨɬɟɡɢɫɚɦɧɟɤɚɠɟɬɫɹɜɚɠɧɵɦɨɱɟɪɬɢɬɶɤɪɭɝ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɩɢɪɚɥɚɫɶɢɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɥɚɢɬɚ
ɥɶɹɧɫɤɚɹɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɚɹɨɩɟɪɚ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹɩɨɷɬɢɤɢɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ²ɡɚ
ɞɚɱɚɧɟɢɡɩɪɨɫɬɵɯɄɚɪɥɨȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɜɫɜɨɢɯɆɟɦɭɚɪɚɯɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯɤɤɨɧɰɭ
ɤɚɪɶɟɪɵɩɢɫɚɥ©Ʉɚɤɨɜɵɡɚɤɨɧɵɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵ"Ʉɚɤɨɜɵɟɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ"Ⱦɭ
ɦɚɸɱɬɨɨɧɚɢɯɧɟɢɦɟɟɬ«ªɇɨɬɭɬɠɟɫɩɭɫɬɹɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɬɪɨɤɨɫɜɨɢɯɥɢ
ɛɪɟɬɬɨ©ɉɨɫɜɨɟɦɭɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸɢɫɬɢɥɸɷɬɢɩɶɟɫɵɜɨɜɫɟɧɟɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ
ɩɪɟɡɪɟɧɢɹªɬɟɜɧɢɯɟɫɬɶɤɚɤɢɟɬɨɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɩɭɫɬɶɢɯɢɧɟɥɶɡɹɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ
©ɯɨɪɨɲɨɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦɢɞɪɚɦɚɦɢª>±@ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɜɨɩɪɨɫɦɨɠɧɨɥɢɜ
ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɢɛɨɥɟɟɲɢɪɨɤɨɜɫɟɣɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɨɣ

ȼɬɚɤɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɟɟɞɢɧɨɞɭɲɧɵɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɲɤɨɥɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ²ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɣɚɧ
ɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɣɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣ>@

ɉɪɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɟɩɨɷɬɢɤɢɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵɜɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɭɱɟɧɵɣɧɟɢɡɛɟɠ
ɧɨɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɟɦɱɬɨɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶɨɛɳɢɟɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɧɨɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɫɜɹɡɢ²ɫɥɨɠɧɨɉɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɟɞɢɢ
;9,,ɜɟɤɚɢɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɞɟɥɶɚɪɬɟ²ɫɦɨɛɷɬɨɦ>@
ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵ;9,,,ɜɟɤɚ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɜɵɹɜɢɬɶɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨɡɚɤɨɧɵɢɥɢɢɯɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɢɜɫɹɤɨɟɥɢɛɪɟɬ
ɬɨɩɢɫɚɥɨɫɶDGOLELWXP"ɉɨɡɢɰɢɹȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɨɱɟɧɶɜɚɠɧɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɫɟɝɨɢɦɟɧɟɦ
ɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɠɚɧɪɚɨɩɟɪɵEXৼD>@Ⱦɥɹɨɬɜɟɬɚɧɚɷɬɨɬ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɨɞɧɨɝɨɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨ²©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɤɚª/DGLDYROHVVD
ȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɝȼɟɧɟɰɢɹɬɟɚɬɪɚɋɚɧɋɚɦɭɷɥɟɦɭɡɵɤɚȻɚɥɶɞɚɫɫɚɪɟȽɚɥɭɩ
ɩɢȼɨɛɳɢɯɱɟɪɬɚɯɟɟɫɸɠɟɬɬɚɤɨɜ
ɘɧɨɲɚɩɨɯɢɬɢɥɞɟɜɭɲɤɭɢɡɞɨɦɚɢɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɧɟɣɜɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɟɜɇɟɚɩɨɥɟ
Ɉɧɯɨɱɟɬɧɚɧɟɣɠɟɧɢɬɶɫɹɧɨɨɩɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɥɢɲɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɚɫɜɨɟɝɨɩɪɟɫɬɚɪɟɥɨ
ɝɨɨɬɰɚȾɟɧɟɝɧɟɬɢɦɨɥɨɞɵɦɛɟɪɟɬɫɹɩɨɦɨɱɶɧɚɯɨɞɱɢɜɵɣɫɥɭɝɚɎɚɥɶɤɨɈɧɡɧɚ
ɟɬɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɛɨɝɚɬɨɝɨɱɭɞɚɤɚɉɨɩɩɨɧɟɩɨɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɨɢɫɤɚɯɤɥɚɞɚɋɬɨɢɬɩɪɢ
ɤɢɧɭɬɶɫɹɨɩɵɬɧɵɦɢɤɥɚɞɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɫȼɨɫɬɨɤɚɢɞɟɧɶɝɢɩɨɥɶɸɬɫɹɪɟɤɨɣɉɨɫɥɟ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɱɟɪɟɞɵɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɢɣɎɚɥɶɤɨɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɟɚɧɫɞɨɛɵɱɢ
ɤɥɚɞɚɜɩɨɞɜɚɥɟɭɉɨɩɩɨɧɟɢɩɟɪɟɨɞɟɬɵɟɱɟɪɬɹɦɢɸɧɨɲɚɫɞɟɜɭɲɤɨɣɨɛɦɚɧɨɦ
ɜɵɦɚɧɢɜɚɸɬɭɛɨɝɚɱɚɡɨɥɨɬɵɟɢɫɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɵɟɦɨɧɟɬɵɉɨɩɩɨɧɟɜɨɬɱɚɹɧɢɢɡɥɵɟ
ɞɭɯɢɥɢɲɢɥɢɟɝɨɞɟɧɟɝɚɤɥɚɞɚɨɧɬɚɤɢɧɟɧɚɲɟɥɇɨɟɝɨɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɚɧɤɚ
ɝɪɨɡɢɬɜɵɜɟɫɬɢɨɛɦɚɧɳɢɤɨɜɧɚɱɢɫɬɭɸɜɨɞɭȾɟɧɶɝɢɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɧɨɷɬɨɧɟ
ɛɟɞɚɸɧɨɲɚɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɟɨɫɦɟɪɬɢɨɬɰɚɢɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɢɬɟɩɟɪɶɦɨɥɨɞɵɟɦɨ
ɝɭɬɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɠɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ
ɍɠɟɜɷɬɨɦɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɦɢɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɦɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɜɢɞɹɬɫɹɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɥɸ
ɱɟɜɵɯɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɩɪɟɞɵɫɬɨɪɢɸɉɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɷɬɨɫɬɪɟɦ
ɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɥɨɞɵɯɤɠɟɧɢɬɶɛɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯɞɟɧɟɝɢɯɢɬɪɵɣɫɥɭɝɚɛɟ
ɪɭɳɢɣɫɹɜɫɟɭɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɩɭɬɟɦɨɛɦɚɧɚɧɟɤɨɟɝɨɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ©ɫɬɚɪɢɤɚªɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɬɭɬɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚɫɯɟɦɚɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɥɟɝɤɨɭɝɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɤɨɧɬɭɪɵɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɝɨ©ɦɟ
ɬɚɫɸɠɟɬɚªɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɩɚɥɥɢɚɬɵ&ɚɦ©ɦɟɬɚɫɸɠɟɬªɨɩɢɫɚɧɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɤɧɢɝɟɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɟ
ɞɢɢɆɢɯɚɢɥɚɅɟɨɧɢɞɨɜɢɱɚȺɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ>±@ȼɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɢɤɟȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɨɧɜ
ɫɚɦɵɯɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɹɯɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɱɚɫɬɨɜ©Ʌɭɧɧɨɦɦɢɪɟª
ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɯɨɱɟɬɠɟɧɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɞɟɜɭɲɤɟɢɧɚɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɟɟɨɬɰɚɧɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɵɣɫɨɫɟɞɭɥɚɠɢɜɚɟɬɞɟɥɨɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɦɢɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɧɟɨɞɨɥɢɦɨɟɥɸɛɨɩɵɬɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɪɢɤɚɤɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɢɜ©Ⱥɩɬɟɤɚɪɟªɝɞɟ
ɫɯɨɞɧɭɸɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɸɭɞɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɲɢɬɶɩɪɢɤɢɧɭɜɲɢɫɶɬɭɪɤɚɦɢɢɫɭɥɹɫɜɨɟɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɦɭɨɬɰɭɩɪɨɰɜɟɬɚɸɳɭɸɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɸɜɋɬɚɦɛɭɥɟɌɚɤɢɟɫɸɠɟɬɵɫɤɜɨɡɧɨɣɧɢɬɶɸ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬɱɟɪɟɡɜɫɸɢɫɬɨɪɢɸɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵɧɚɱɢɧɚɹɨɬɫɚɦɨɣ
ɪɚɧɧɟɣ²©ɌɚɧɱɚɢɥɢɉɨɞɟɫɬɚɢɡɦɟɫɬɟɱɤɚɄɨɥɨɧɶɨɥɟªɝɞɟɩɚɪɭɫɨɟɞɢ
ɧɹɟɬɯɢɬɪɵɣɫɥɭɝɚȻɪɭɫɤɢɧɨɢɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɹɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɦ©ɋɟɜɢɥɶɫɤɢɦɰɢɪɸɥɶ
ɧɢɤɨɦªɊɨɫɫɢɧɢɥɢɛɪɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɉȻɨɦɚɪɲɟ
ȼ©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɤɟªȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɟɫɬɶɢɩɨɛɨɱɧɚɹɢɧɬɪɢɝɚȼɧɟɟɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɚɫɭ
ɩɪɭɠɟɫɤɚɹɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɚɢɝɪɚɮɢɧɢɇɚɫɬɪɢɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɜɬɨɣɠɟɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɟ
ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɩɭɬɚɧɢɰɚɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɉɨɩɩɨɧɟɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɝɪɚɮɫɤɨɣɱɟɬɨɣɸɧɨɲɭɢ

ȾɚɜɧɨɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨɱɬɨȽɚɥɭɩɩɢɛɵɥɥɭɱɲɢɦ©ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɨɦªȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɈɞɧɚɤɨɢɯɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɢɦɟɥɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɞɪɭɝɨɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɱɟɦɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹɪɚɛɨɬɚɜ;,;±;;ɜɟɤɚɯɢɥɢɜɧɚɲɟɜɪɟ
ɦɹɗɬɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɄɨɪɞɭɥɵɄɧɚɭɫ>@
ɉȼɅɭɰɤɟɪ
ɞɟɜɭɲɤɭɩɪɢɛɵɜɲɢɯɱɭɬɶɪɚɧɶɲɟɚɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɫɭɩɪɭɝɨɜɇɚɫɬɪɢɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ
ɤɚɤɪɚɡɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɟɣɑɟɪɟɞɚɧɟɭɪɹɞɢɰɜɵɡɧɚɧɧɵɯɷɬɨɣɨɲɢɛɤɨɣɠɢɜɨ
ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɞɪɭɝɨɣɜɟɫɶɦɚɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɣɬɢɩɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɩɚɥ
ɥɢɚɬɵɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɧɵɣɜɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɣɤɨɦɟɞɢɢ©Ɇɟɧɟɯɦɵªɉɥɚɜɬɚɝɞɟɞɜɭɯ
ɝɟɪɨɟɜɛɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜɩɭɬɚɸɬɞɪɭɝɫɞɪɭɝɨɦɈɲɢɛɨɱɧɚɹɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɤɚɤɛɚ
ɡɨɜɵɣɦɨɬɢɜɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɣɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɩɭɬɚɧɢɰɭɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧɫɢɥɶɧɨɨɠɢ
ɜɢɬɶɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɩɪɚɜɞɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɬɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɬɶ
ɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɨɢɯɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɫɤɨɪɟɟɱɭɪɚɟɬɫɹɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɭ
ɬɟɪɶɦɵɈɞɧɚɤɨɜɰɟɥɨɦɜɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɩɨɯɨɠɢɟɩɪɢɟ
ɦɵɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɲɢɪɨɤɨɄɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɜɩɟɪɜɨɣɨɩɟɪɟȺɋɤɚɪɥɚɬɬɢ
©ɇɟɞɨɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɢɹɢɡɡɚɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚªɥɢɛɪȾɎɄɨɧɬɢɧɢɰɟɥɵɣɪɹɞɩɪɟ
ɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣɜɥɸɛɨɜɧɵɯɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɞɜɭɯɩɚɪɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɤɚɤɪɚɡɢɡɡɚ
ɛɪɚɬɶɟɜɛɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜɧɢɱɟɝɨɧɟɡɧɚɜɲɢɯɞɪɭɝɨɞɪɭɝɟɢɜɵɹɫɧɢɜɲɢɯɫɜɨɟɪɨɞ
ɫɬɜɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɮɢɧɚɥɟɈɲɢɛɨɱɧɚɹɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɱɚɫɬɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɧɟɚ
ɩɨɥɢɬɚɧɫɤɨɣFRPPHGLDPXVLFDOH±ɯɝɝɝɞɟɨɧɚɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɢɟɦɚɢɧɤɨɝɧɢɬɨȼɨɩɟɪɟȾɠȻɉɟɪɝɨɥɟɡɢ©ȼɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɣɛɪɚɬª
ɥɢɛɪȾɠȺɎɟɞɟɪɢɤɨɝɥɚɜɧɵɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ²ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵɲɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ
ɜɱɭɠɨɦɞɨɦɟɚɡɚɬɟɦɜɨɥɟɸɫɭɞɶɛɵɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɣɫɹɫɪɟɞɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɇɢɫɚɦɨɧ
ɧɢɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢɧɟɞɨɝɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɢɡɡɚɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɚ
ɟɬɝɨɪɹɱɢɣɤɥɭɛɨɤɢɡɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɨɩɟɪɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɣɨɩɚɫɧɨ
ɫɬɹɦɢɢɧɰɟɫɬɚ>@ȼɞɪɭɝɢɯɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɝɟɪɨɢɢɧɨɝɞɚɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɦɚɫɤɢɪɭɸɬ
ɫɜɨɸɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɟɫɥɢɝɟɪɨɣɭɬɚɢɜɚɟɬɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɟɦɭɭɝɪɨɠɚɟɬɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɡɚɥɶɹɧɫɚɚɟɫɥɢɩɟɪɟɨɞɟɜɲɢɫɶɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɩɨɥɬɨ
ɞɚɠɟɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɚȼɨɩɟɪɟȽɅɚɬɢɥɥɵ©Ɇɧɢɦɚɹɤɚɦɟɪɢɫɬɤɚª
ɥɢɛɪȾɠȺɎɟɞɟɪɢɤɨɤɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɝɟɪɨɣɧɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɨɦɤɜɨɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɞɜɢɞɨɦɫɥɭɠɚɧɤɢɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɥɸɛɨɜɧɵɯɞɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɫɨɫɬɨ
ɪɨɧɵɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɭɠɱɢɧɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɨɬɰɚɧɟɜɟɫɬɵɋɥɨɜɨɦɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɟɦTXLSURTXRɛɭɤɜ©ɤɬɨɬɨɜɦɟɫɬɨɤɨɝɨɬɨªɨɛɟ
ɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɰɟɥɵɣɜɨɪɨɯɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣɢɥɢɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɣɢɡɡɚɩɭɬɚɧɢɰɵɩɪɨɱ
ɧɨɭɤɨɪɟɧɢɥɫɹɜɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɢɤɟ;9,,±;9,,,ɜɟɤɨɜ
Ɋɹɞɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɜ©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɤɟªȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɉɨɩɩɨɧɟ
ȼɟɝɨɥɢɰɟɦɵɢɦɟɟɦɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ©ɰɢɬɚɬɭªɩɪɹɦɨɟɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɡɧɚɦɟɧɢ
ɬɭɸɤɨɦɟɞɢɸɉɥɚɜɬɚ©Ʉɭɛɵɲɤɚªɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɪɚɧɧɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ
©ɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚªɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹɜɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ
ɥɸɛɨɜɧɨɣɢɧɬɪɢɝɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬɡɞɟɫɶɧɟɢɡɡɚɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɫɬɚɪɢɤɚɨɬɰɚ
ɜɵɞɚɬɶɡɚɦɭɠɞɨɱɶɚɢɡɡɚɟɝɨɤɪɚɣɧɟɣɩɨɞɨɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɟɞɜɚɥɢɧɟɩɨɦɟ
ɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɨɱɜɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɞɚɉɨɩɩɨɧɟɜɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨȽɨɥɶɞɨ
ɧɢɤɥɚɞɟɳɟɧɟɧɚɲɟɥɨɧɥɢɲɶɝɪɟɡɢɬɨɧɟɦɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɚɞɟɬɚɥɶɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɶɧɚɧɟɦɜɫɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ©Ʉɭɛɵɲɤɚªɉɥɚɜɬɚɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɭɸɤɨɦɟɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɸɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɬɭɟɟɥɢɧɢɸɱɬɨ
ɜɟɞɟɬɤ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦªɤɥɚɫɫɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɤɨɦɟɞɢɹɦɆɨɥɶɟɪɚ>@
ȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɫɩɢɟɬɟɬɨɦɨɬɧɨɫɢɜɲɢɣɫɹɤɆɨɥɶɟɪɭɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɨɩɵɬɨɦ
ɨɛɨɢɯɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɤɚªɞɚɟɬɩɨɜɨɞɡɚɜɟɫɬɢɪɟɱɶɨɥɢɧɢɢ©ɤɨɦɟ
ɞɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɜªɜɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɨɣɨɩɟɪɟȽɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹɬɨɱɤɚɡɪɟɧɢɹɨɞɧɚɤɨɞɨ
ɫɢɯɩɨɪɬɚɤɨɜɚɱɬɨɨɛ©ɨɩɟɪɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɜªɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɥɢɲɶɜɫɜɹɡɢɫ
ɦɨɰɚɪɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ©ɋɜɚɞɶɛɨɣɎɢɝɚɪɨªɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɨɡɞɧɟɟɜɟɝɨɞɵɗɬɨɧɟ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɢɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɩɨɫɭɬɢȼɥɢɹɧɢɟɆɨɥɶɟɪɚɧɚɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɭɸ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɭɸɤɨɦɟɞɢɸɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ;9,,,ɜɟɤɚɍɠɟɜɫɟɜɟɪɨɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɯ
ɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɰɰɨɯɝɝɱɚɫɬɨɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ²ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹɫɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧ
ɧɵɦɢɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ²ɟɝɨɝɟɪɨɢɫɢɯɹɪɤɨɨɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ²ɬɨɬɠɟɋɤɭɩɨɣȽɚɪɩɚɝɨɧɆɧɢɦɵɣɛɨɥɶɧɨɣȽɨɫɩɨɞɢɧɞɟɉɭɪɫɨɧɶɹɤ
ɢɥɢȾɜɨɪɹɧɢɧɪɟɦɟɫɥɟɧɧɢɤȼɚɧɟɡɢɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɢɧɀɭɪɞɟɧɇɟɚɩɨɥɢɬɚɧɟɰȾɠȺ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɢɤɨ²ɚɜɬɨɪɬɟɤɫɬɚɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɣ©ɋɥɭɠɚɧɤɢɝɨɫɩɨɠɢªɢɦɧɨɝɢɯɩɨɥɧɨ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɧɵɯɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯɜɟɝɝɞɥɹɨɩɟɪɉɟɪɝɨɥɟɡɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɨɜɸɠɚɧ²ɜɫɟɝɞɚɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɜɟɪɹɥɦɨɬɢɜɵɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɨɜɭɫɜɨɢɯ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɧɚɞɟɥɹɥɢɯɠɢɜɵɦɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦɷɦɨɰɢɣɢɞɹɜɷɬɨɦ
ɩɨɩɭɬɢɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɚɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɢȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɫɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵɯɝɝ
ɧɚɱɚɥɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɬɶɜɤɨɦɟɞɢɹɯɢɦɩɪɨɜɢɡɚɰɢɸɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɦɚ
ɫɤɭ²ɦɢɦɢɤɨɣɠɢɜɨɝɨɥɢɰɚɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɦɢɡɦ²ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɧɚɢɯɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯɷɦɨɰɢɹɯɢɥɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɬɟɩɨɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɞɜɢɝɚɥɫɹɤɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɜɈɧɫɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɥ
ɜɷɬɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɭɠɟɜɪɚɧɧɢɯɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨ©Ƚɪɚɮɢɧɸɲɤɚª
ɢɜɩɟɪɜɵɯɡɪɟɥɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɯEXৼD©ȺɪɤɚɞɢɹɧɚȻɪɟɧɬɟªɢ©ɇɟɪɚɞɢɜɵɣª²ɨɛɟ
ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦɤɪɚɣɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ©ɇɟɪɚɞɢɜɵɣªɢɦɟɥɭɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɞɨɜɨɥɶ
ɧɨɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣɩɪɢɟɦɢȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɛɵɫɬɪɨɩɨɧɹɥɱɬɨɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ©ɪɟɚɥɢɡɦªɧɟ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɢɞɚɥɟɤɨɧɟɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɟɬ
ɟɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɧɨɬɤɚɡɚɥɫɹɨɬɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɯɚɦɛɢɰɢɣɧɨɜɫɟɠɟ
©ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹªɥɢɧɢɹɩɪɨɱɟɪɱɟɧɚɜɟɝɨɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɢɤɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɨɬɱɟɬ
ɥɢɜɨɊɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹɜɨɛɪɚɡɟɉɨɩɩɨɧɟɢɡ©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɤɢªɨɧɚɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɛɨɥɟɟɬɪɚ
ɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɢɋɚɦɵɦɜɟɫɨɦɵɦɟɟɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɭȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɫɬɨɢɬɫɱɢ
ɬɚɬɶ©Ⱦɟɪɟɜɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɚªɝɞɟɡɚɠɢɬɨɱɧɵɣɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɢɧɇɚɪɞɨɢɦɟɹɜɵɛɨɪ
ɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɧɟɜɟɫɬɨɣɝɨɪɨɠɚɧɤɨɣɢɡɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɪɟɫɩɟɤɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɪɭ
ɝɨɜɢɟɟɦɢɥɨɜɢɞɧɨɣɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɚɧɤɨɣɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɬɜɬɨɪɭɸɤɚɤɪɨɜɧɸ
ɫɟɛɟɂɷɬɨɬɜɵɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɧɟɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢɫɬɚɬɭɫɢɥɢɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨɫɰɟ
ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɧɨɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɚɹɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɝɟɪɨɹ
ɜɫɟɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɢɨɛɞɭɦɵɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɧɟɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɟɞɥɹɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɢɧɚɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɢɧɞɢ
ɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɟɤɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ
Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɤ©ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɫɬɢªɦɨɠɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɜɬɨɪɵɦɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ
ɢɫɬɨɤɨɦɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɜɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɨɣɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɢɤɟɉɨ
ɦɢɦɨɷɬɨɝɨɜ©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɤɟªɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɨɪɚɧɚɞɪɭɝɢɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɄɩɪɢ
ɦɟɪɭɬɚɱɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɨɫɥɭɠɚɧɤɨɣɉɨɩɩɨɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɲɟɣɧɚɡɚɳɢɬɭɫɜɨɟɝɨɯɨɡɹ
ɢɧɚɉɨɩɩɨɧɟɨɛɟɳɚɥɧɚɧɟɣɠɟɧɢɬɶɫɹɤɚɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɫɹɤɥɚɞɩɨɬɨɦɜ
ɉȼɅɭɰɤɟɪ
ɢɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɜɤɪɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɶɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɧɤɚɫɦɟɥɨɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɫɹɡɚɉɨɩɩɨ
ɧɟɢɜɮɢɧɚɥɟɚɧɨɧɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɢɯɫɜɚɞɶɛɚɇɚɥɢɰɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɣɩɨɦɧɨɝɢɦɤɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɦɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɰɰɨɦɨɬɢɜ©ɫɥɭɠɚɧɤɢɝɨɫɩɨɠɢªɋɚɦɦɨɬɢɜɤɚɤɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɟɜ
ɧɟɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ²ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɤɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɸɫɦɟɧɟɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ²
ɬɨɠɟɢɦɟɟɬɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɞɚɜɧɸɸɢɫɬɨɪɢɸȿɝɨɦɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɜɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɟ
ɞɢɢ©ɡɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɜɟɤɚª;9,±;9,,ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɣɨɧɟɦɝɪɟɡɢɬɆɚɥɶɜɨɥɢɨɜɲɟɤɫɩɢ
ɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ©Ⱦɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɨɣɧɨɱɢªɢɢɡɡɚɧɟɝɨɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬɜɩɪɨɫɚɤɝɨɫɩɨɞɢɧɀɭɪɞɟɧ
ɜɦɨɥɶɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɦ©Ɇɟɳɚɧɢɧɟɜɨɞɜɨɪɹɧɫɬɜɟªȼɦɢɪɟɨɩɟɪɵɟɞɜɚɥɢɧɟɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ
ɨɧɡɜɭɱɢɬɜɪɟɱɚɯȺɪɧɚɥɶɬɵɫɥɭɠɚɧɤɢɉɨɩɩɟɢɢɡɨɩɟɪɵɄɆɨɧɬɟɜɟɪɞɢ
ȼɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɰɰɨɨɧɰɟɥɢɤɨɦɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɟɬɫɹɜɬɪɟɬɶɟɫɨɫɥɨɜɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ
ɢɲɢɪɨɤɨɬɢɪɚɠɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɜɩɨɥɧɨɮɨɪɦɚɬɧɵɯɠɟɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɯɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɟɞɤɨȼɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ©ɑɟɤɤɢɧɟɢɥɢȾɨɛɪɨɣɞɨɱɤɟª
ɇɉɢɱɱɢɧɧɢɧɚɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɷɬɨɬɦɨɬɢɜɜɫɭɞɶɛɟɝɥɚɜɧɨɣɝɟɪɨɢ
ɧɢɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹɜɞɭɯɟ©ɫɥɟɡɧɨɣɤɨɦɟɞɢɢªɟɳɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɟɪɶɭɠɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ
ɧɨɜɨɦɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɟɝɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɚɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɝɨɢɧɚ
ɫɟɧɬɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɫɬɫɤɭɸɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɨɩɟɪɵEXৼD
ȼ©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɤɟªɢɦɟɟɬɫɹɟɳɟɨɞɧɚɫɰɟɧɚɫɜɨɢɦɢɤɨɪɧɹɦɢɭɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɜɞɚ
ɥɟɤɨɟɩɪɨɲɥɨɟɊɟɱɶɨɩɨɢɫɤɟɤɥɚɞɚɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɜɢɡ
ɩɪɟɢɫɩɨɞɧɟɣɋɚɦɵɦɩɟɪɜɵɦɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɷɩɢɡɨɞɨɦɡɚɤɥɢɧɚɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɜ
ɨɩɟɪɟɛɵɥɚɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɚɹɫɰɟɧɚɆɟɞɟɢɢɡ©əɫɨɧɚªɎɄɚɜɚɥɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɤɨ
ɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟɷɩɢɡɨɞɵɫɬɚɥɢɩɥɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɨɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ²ɤɚɤ
©ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯªɬɚɤɢɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɌɚɤɜ©ɉɨɞɟɫɬɚɢɡɦɟɫɬɟɱɤɚɄɨɥɨɧɶɨɥɟª
ɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɟɣɥɢɲɶɱɟɪɟɡɥɟɬɩɨɫɥɟ©əɫɨɧɚªɢɦɟɟɬɫɹɩɨɯɨɠɚɹɫɰɟɧɚ
ɪɟɲɟɧɧɚɹɜɩɚɪɨɞɢɣɧɨɦɤɥɸɱɟ©ɋɰɟɧɵɡɚɤɥɢɧɚɧɢɣªɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɨɩɟɪɟɤɨ
ɱɟɜɚɥɢɢɜ;9,,,ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɟɪɚɜɧɨɤɚɤɢɩɚɪɨɞɢɢ²ɢɧɚɛɪɨɫɤɢɟɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵɢɜɰɟɥɨɦɧɚɩɚɬɟɬɢɤɭɢɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɭ©ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣɨɩɟɪɵªɌɚɤɢɟɩɚ
ɪɨɞɢɢɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶɫɬɨɥɶɱɚɫɬɨɱɬɨɢɯɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵ>@Ɍɚɤɱɬɨɢɡɞɟɫɶɜɥɢɛɪɟɬ
ɬɨȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɦɢ²ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɜɩɨɥɧɟɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɭɸɢɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɸ
ɂɬɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɤɢªɯɨɪɨɲɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɤɨɥɶɦɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɤɨɪɧɟɣɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɥɨɫɶɜɧɟɣɢɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɟɟɫɸɠɟɬɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɧɚ
ɞɚɥɟɤɨɧɟɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɟɬɜɫɟɝɨɬɨɝɨɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹɱɬɨɜɰɟɥɨɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ
ɜɨɩɟɪɧɨɣɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɢɫɬɢɤɟɄɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɡɞɟɫɶɜɨɜɫɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɚɫɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɧɢɹɫɟɟɨɫɨɛɵɦɢɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɢɢɬɨɩɨɫɚɦɢȼɞɪɭɝɢɯɨɩɟɪɚɯɨɞ
ɧɚɤɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɱɚɫɬɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɮɨɧɟɢɞɢɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɟɥɶɫɤɨ
ɝɨɢɥɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɢɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɫɟɥɹɧɟɢɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɟɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɈɩɟɪɚ©ɉɨɞɟɫɬɚɢɡɦɟɫɬɟɱɤɚɄɨɥɨɧɶɨɥɟªɜɧɨɜɶɭɩɨ
ɦɹɧɟɦɟɟɧɨɫɢɥɚɤɨɥɨɪɢɬɧɨɟɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟFRPPHGLDFLYLOHUXVWLFDOH
ɬɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹɢɫɟɥɶɫɤɚɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɹɷɬɨɬɦɨɦɟɧɬɉɨɡɞɧɟɟɢɜ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɤɨɥɨɪɢɬɢɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɟɧɪɚɜɵɫɬɚ
ɧɭɬɱɚɫɬɵɦɚɧɬɭɪɚɠɟɦȼɞɟɪɟɜɧɟɭɦɨɪɹɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɟɝɨ©Ɋɵɛɚɱɟɤª
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɫɦɭɡɎȻɟɪɬɨɧɢɧɚɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɦɯɭɬɨɪɟ²©ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɚªɧɚɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣɹɪɦɚɪɤɟ²©ɊɵɧɤɚɜɆɚɥɶɦɚɧɬɢɥɟªɦɭɡȾ
Ɏɢɫɤɟɬɬɢɂɞɚɠɟɜɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɣ©ɑɟɤɤɢɧɟɢɥɢȾɨɛɪɨɣɞɨɱɤɟªɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɪɚɡ
ɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɞɚɥɟɤɨɦɩɨɦɟɫɬɶɟɜɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɢɫɟɥɄɨɧɟɱɧɨɩɚɫɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɟɥɶ
ɡɹɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢɤɫɮɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɟɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɫɤɨɪɟɟɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɧɨɟ
ɢɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɧɚɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɚɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɧɨɢɧɚɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸɨɩɟɪɭ
ɫɦɤɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨɨɩɟɪ©Ʉɨɪɨɥɶɩɚɫɬɭɯªɢɥɢ©ɈɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɵªɆɟɬɚɫɬɚ
ɡɢɨɇɨɜɛɭɮɮɨɧɧɨɣɨɩɟɪɟɜɧɟɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹɨɞɧɨɢɡɨɫɧɨ
ɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɩɚɫɬɨɪɚɥɢɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɛɵɬɢɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɟɝɟɪɨɢɞɚɠɟɨɬɞɚ
ɥɹɹɫɶɨɬɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɥɭɦɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɚɪɤɚɞɫɤɢɯɩɚɫɬɭɯɨɜɢɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɹ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟɠɢɜɵɟɱɟɪɬɵɨɛɵɱɧɵɯɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧ;9,,,ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɧɟɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɣɨɬɬɟɧɨɤɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣɫɜɨɛɨɞɵɢɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɟɧɟɳɟɨɞɢɧɨɫɨɛɵɣɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɣɢɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧ
ɧɵɣɩɥɚɫɬɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɹɜɧɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣɤɚɪɧɚɜɚɥɶɧɵɣɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɊɹɞɤɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɥɢɛɪɟɬɬɨȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢ±ɝɝɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸɝɪɭɩɩɭ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɜɫɸɠɟɬɟɤɚɪɧɚɜɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɥɥɟɝɨɪɢɢɈɛɵɱɧɨɫɬɨɥɶɫɜɨɣ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɢɥɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɟɟɧɚɬɭɪɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɟɜɢɡɨ
ɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɡɞɟɫɶɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɦɟɫɬɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦȼ
ɫɸɠɟɬɚɯɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɦɨɬɢɜɵɧɪɚɜɨɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɢɬɱɢɥɢ
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɱɚɫɬɨɝɪɨɬɟɫɤɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɟɱɬɨɜɵɞɚɟɬɢɯɤɚɪɧɚɜɚɥɶ
ɧɭɸɩɪɢɪɨɞɭɌɚɤɨɜɚɤɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚ©ɋɬɪɚɧɚɄɭɤɤɚɧɢɹª
ɦɭɡȽɚɥɭɩɩɢȾɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɜɧɟɣɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɜɦɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɪɚɧɟɥɟɧɬɹɟɜɝɞɟ
ɬɟɤɭɬ©ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɟɪɟɤɢɫɪɟɞɢɤɢɫɟɥɶɧɵɯɛɟɪɟɝɨɜªɚɜɫɟɦɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɫɬɪɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɝɨɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹȼɨɩɟɪɟ©Ⱥɪɯɢɮɚɧɮɚɧ²ɤɨɪɨɥɶɝɥɭɩɰɨɜªɫɨ
ɛɵɬɢɹɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɫɬɨɥɶɠɟɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɝɨɪɨɞɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ
ɫɤɨɩɢɳɟɪɚɡɧɵɯɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɪɨɤɨɜɄɨɪɧɢɷɬɨɝɨɪɟɞɤɨɝɨɞɥɹɧɨɜɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣ
ɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɬɢɩɚɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬɤɪɚɧɧɟɣɚɬɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɜɪɟɦɟɧȺɪɢɫɬɨɮɚ
ɧɚɗɬɚɫɜɹɡɶɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɡɚɦɟɬɧɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɨɩɟɪɵ©Ɇɢɪɧɚɜɵɜɨɪɨɬɢɥɢɉɨɞ
ɜɥɚɫɬɶɸɠɟɧɳɢɧªɦɭɡȽɚɥɭɩɩɢɝɞɟɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨɫɬɪɨɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣɜɨɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɢɱɟɫɬɨɥɸɛɢɜɵɦɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɢɦɭɠɱɢɧɵɠɟ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɭɧɢɯɜɭɫɥɭɠɟɧɢɢɋɸɠɟɬɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣɧɚɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɬɭ
ɚɰɢɢɢɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɚɟɬɩɨɜɨɞɤɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɸɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢ
ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɞɟɣɢɜɟɫɶɦɚɛɥɢɡɤɨɫɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹɫɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢɚɪɢɫɬɨɮɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɦɟɞɢɢɤɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ©ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵɜɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɢªȼɩɪɨɱɟɦɩɥɚɫɬɤɚɪ
ɧɚɜɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɤɨɦɟɞɢɣɜɫɟɠɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɭɡɨɤɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɭȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢ
ɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɜɪɚɧɧɟɦɩɟɪɢɨɞɟɢɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɦɚɥɨɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɫɹ
ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣɪɚɡɛɨɪɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɧɢɤɪɚɬɨɤɇɨɟɝɨɰɟɥɶɸɛɵɥɨ
ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɨɱɟɪɬɢɬɶɯɨɬɹɛɵɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɧɬɭɪɵɬɨɣɫɥɨɠɧɨɣɢɦɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɩɨɷɬɢɤɚɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɵɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɤɫɜɨɢɦɢɫɬɨɤɚɦ
ɉȼɅɭɰɤɟɪ
ȺɧɞɪɟɟɜɆɅɄɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹɤɨɦɟɞɢɹɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɢɮɨɪɦɵɆɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶ
ɫɤɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɊȽȽɍ
Ʌɭɰɤɟɪɉȼɂɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɚɹɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɩɟɪɚɢɟɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɋɬɚɪɢɧɧɚɹɦɭɡɵɤɚʋɋ±
ɆɟɦɭɚɪɵɄɚɪɥɨȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɸɟɝɨɠɢɡɧɢɢɟɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɚɩɟɪɫɢɬɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɱɋɆɨɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨȽɨɥɶɞɨɧɢɄɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɯɬɆɌɟɪɪɚɌɆɟ
ɦɭɚɪɵ
əɪɯɨȼɇȺɧɬɢɱɧɚɹɞɪɚɦɚɌɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɆȼɵɫɲɚɹɲɤɨɥɚ
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Конференция Опера в Муз Теа Ре Гнесиных 2019

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Министерство культуры Российской Федерации

Российская академия музыки имени Гнесиных

Сборник статей по материалам

Издание осуществлено при при поддержке Российского фонда фундамен-

Печатается в соответствии с решением

О60 Опера в музыкальном театре: история и современность. Материалы Четвер-

ISBN 978-5-8269-0251-6 ISBN 978-5-8269-0259-2 (eBook)

November 11–15, 2019

Printed according to the solution

ISBN 978-5-8269-0251-6 ISBN 978-5-8269-0259-2 (eBook)

© Gnessins Russian Academy of Music, 2019

I. ОПЕРА КАК СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ЖАНР

Театр, музыка, катарсис: классическая система координат

К вопросу о зарождении клипового мышления в оперной режиссуре

Опера и миф: условность безусловного

Карл Дальхауз о русской классической опере в контексте музыкального

Поэтика либретто итальянской комической оперы XVIII века: постанов-

Оперный (-ые) перевод(ы): документируя конфликты «музыкальных культур»

Опера и «поздний модернизм» конца ХХ – начала ХХI века

Оперное искусство в истории и современности:

II. СТАРИННАЯ ОПЕРА:

Парадигма Dame di Ferrara: от Il Concerto delle Donne до современной пе-

Создание dramma per musica как попытка элитаризации искусства

Опера Пёрселла «Дидона и Эней» как политическая аллегория

Danse chantée в спектаклях французского музыкального театра XVII – на-

Оперы об американских индейцах А. Вивальди и Г. Пёрселла в контексте

«Празднества Гименея и Амура»: Египет в музыке Жана-Филиппа Рамо

«Гений места»: о региональных традициях в опере seria 1720-х – 1730-х гг.

Хосе де Небра (1702–1768) и его сарсуэллы

«Элиза» и «Британия» Томаса Августина Арна: два воплощения нацио-

Chinoiserie в западноевропейской опере XVIII века

Призрак оперы: «Заида» Моцарта на сцене

Профессионалы и любители: о первых исполнителях «Волшебной флей-

Драма духовная и светская. Австрийская оратория и опера 2-й половины

Музыкальная комедия Андре Гретри на сцене Королевской академии му-

III. ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ОПЕРА:

Жанровый синтез в отечественном музыкальном театре на примере опер-

«…Бывают странные сближенья…» Опера Глинки «Жизнь за царя» и зна-

«Русские большие оперы» А.Н. Серова в контексте патриотической темы

Редакции и версии оперы «Евгений Онегин»: текстологические и эдици-

«Псковитянка» Н.А. Римского-Корсакова и «Борис Годунов» М.П. Му-

Семиотическое пространство контрсферы в «Царской невесте»: текст в

Стилизация в опере Н.А. Римского-Корсакова «Сказка о царе Салтане»

Поздние оперы Римского-Корсакова: свое и чужое

И.В. Самарин и С.И. Мамонтов: подходы к подготовки оперной партии

«Пульчинелла» Перголези – Стравинского: «балет с пением» или «опе-

Фортепианные вариации и фантазии на оперные темы в петербургских

IV. МУЗЫКАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕАТР XIX – НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА:

Франц Шуберт: между песней и оперой

Немые персонажи в музыкальном театре первой половины XIX столетия

“MUSICA FICTA” Филиппа Лаку-Лабарта и Gesamtkunstwerk: оперы

Сигетварская битва как импульс для хорватской оперы

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