Ð.Ç.

Ìóõàìåòøèí Íåðåøåííûå ïðîáëåìû è ðåøàåìûå çàäà÷è èííîâàöèîííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íåôòè

ÓÄÊ: 622.276.6
Ð.Ç. Ìóõàìåòøèí
Êàçàíñêèé (Ïðèâîëæñêèé) ôåäåðàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò, Êàçàíü, geoeng111@yandex.ru

Íåðåøåííûå ïðîáëåìû è ðåøàåìûå çàäà÷è èííîâàöèîííîãî

ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íåôòè
Ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íåôòè íà îñíîâå ãåî-
ëîãî-ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñêîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ. Ïîêàçàíû ïðè÷èíû íåàäåêâàòíîñòè ìîäåëåé ðåàëüíûì ãåîëîãî-ôè-
çè÷åñêèì óñëîâèÿì ïðîäóêòèâíûõ ïëàñòîâ è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, íèçêîãî êà÷åñòâà ïðîãíîçà äîáû÷è íåôòè, ÷òî
îáóñëîâëèâàåò â èòîãå êîðîòêèé «ìåæïðîåêòíûé» ïåðèîä. Îáîñíîâûâàåòñÿ íåîáõîäèìîñòü èííîâàöèîííîãî
ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ñ âíåäðåíèåì íîâåéøèõ ìåòîäîâ óâåëè÷åíèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è â ñâÿçè ñ âûðàáîòêîé òðóäíîèçâëå-
êàåìûõ çàïàñîâ. Ïîä÷åðêèâàåòñÿ öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòü ðåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ îáðàçîâàòåëüíîãî ïðîöåññà è ôèíàíñèðî-
âàíèÿ îòðàñëåâîé íàóêè äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ íàóêîåìêèõ èííîâàöèîííûõ ïðîåêòîâ. Îáîçíà÷åíû çàäà÷è äëÿ ãàðìîíèçà-
öèè îòíîøåíèé ãîñóäàðñòâà è íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëåé, áåç êîòîðûõ âûïîëíåíèå ïðèîðèòåòíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé «Ýíåð-
ãåòè÷åñêîé ñòðàòåãèè Ðîññèè íà ïåðèîä äî 2030 ã.» âðÿä ëè îêàæåòñÿ ðåàëüíûì.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûå çàïàñû íåôòè, êîýôôèöèåíò èçâëå÷åíèÿ íåôòè, èííîâàöèîííîå ïðîåê-
òèðîâàíèå ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé, ãåîëîãî-ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ìîäåëü, ìåòîäû óâåëè÷åíèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è.

Îñíîâíûì ðåçåðâîì ïîääåðæàíèÿ óðîâíÿ äîáû÷è íå-
ôòè âî ìíîãèõ ðåãèîíàõ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè â ñîâðå-
ìåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ ðàçâèòèÿ îòðàñëè ÿâëÿþòñÿ òðóäíîèçâëå-
êàåìûå çàïàñû íåôòè (ÒÈÇÍ). Åñëè â íà÷àëå 60-õ ãã. äîëÿ
ÒÈÇÍ â îáùåì áàëàíñå ÑÑÑÐ/Ðîññèè ñîñòàâëÿëà ïðèìåð-
íî 10%, òî ïî äàííûì ÂÍÈÈíåôòü â 90-å ãã. îíà ïðåâûñèëà
50%, ê íà÷àëó âòîðîãî äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ÕÕI âåêà ñîñòàâèëà óæå
60% (Øåëåïîâ è äð., 2012), à ïî îöåíêàì ÎÀÎ «ÈÃèÐÃÈ»
äàæå ïðèáëèçèëàñü ê 70% è ïðîäîëæàåò óâåëè÷èâàòüñÿ.
Ïðîáëåìà òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûõ çàïàñîâ íåôòè âîçíèêëà
íå ñðàçó, ñ ðàçâèòèåì íåôòÿíîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè íîìåíê-
ëàòóðà èõ ðàñøèðÿëàñü (îñîáåííî ñ âíåäðåíèåì ìåòîäîâ
çàâîäíåíèÿ), ìåíÿëèñü è ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ î ìàñøòàáàõ ðàñ-
ïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ýòîé êàòåãîðèè çàïàñîâ. Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå ê
íèì îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ íåîáõîäèìîñòüþ âîâëå÷åíèÿ â àêòèâíóþ
ðàçðàáîòêó íèçêîðåíòàáåëüíûõ çàëåæåé è îáâîäíåííûõ
ïëàñòîâ, çàïàñû êîòîðûõ ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì òðàäèöèîííîãî
ïîäõîäà âûðàáàòûâàþòñÿ êðàéíå íèçêèìè òåìïàìè, òàê êàê
òåõíîëîãèè ðàçðàáîòêè íåôòÿíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé, ìåòîäû
óâåëè÷åíèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è (ÌÓÍ) è èíòåíñèôèêàöèè äîáû-
÷è íåôòè íà îáúåêòàõ ñ ÒÈÇÍ, îáóñëîâëåííûìè ïðèðîäíû-
ìè óñëîâèÿìè, îêàçûâàþòñÿ ìàëîýôôåêòèâíûìè. Êîýôôè-
öèåíò íåôòåèçâëå÷åíèÿ íå ïðåâûøàåò 10-25% ïðè ìíîãî-
êðàòíîì ðîñòå óäåëüíûõ êàïèòàëüíûõ âëîæåíèé.
 ñëîæèâøåéñÿ â Ðîññèè ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè
ïðîáëåìà ïîâûøåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè èçâëå÷åíèÿ çàïàñîâ
íåôòè íà îñíîâå ïðèìåíåíèÿ íîâåéøèõ òåõíîëîãèé äî-
ðàçâåäêè, ðàçðàáîòêè è äîðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé ïðè-
îáðåëà îñîáóþ àêòóàëüíîñòü êàê â ñòàðûõ íåôòåäîáûâà-
þùèõ ðàéîíàõ, òàê è ïðè îñâîåíèè íåôòåãàçîíîñíûõ òåð-
ðèòîðèé. Íà íîâûõ ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûõ îáúåêòàõ è ìåñòî-
ðîæäåíèÿõ ñ òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûìè çàïàñàìè ñ ñàìîãî íà-
÷àëà íóæíî ïðîåêòèðîâàòü èííîâàöèîííûå òåõíîëîãèè
(Ìóñëèìîâ, 2012á, 2013à). Ýòî åäèíñòâåííûé ïóòü êàðäè-
íàëüíîãî ðåøåíèÿ ïðîáëåìû ðàöèîíàëüíîé ðàçðàáîòêè
íåôòÿíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé ñ äîñòèæåíèåì íåôòåîòäà÷è
(Ìóñëèìîâ, 2013â), êîòîðàÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ñîâðåìåííîìó
óðîâíþ ðàçâèòèÿ íàóêè è òåõíèêè. «Ñóùåñòâåííîå îòñòà-
âàíèå Ðîññèè âî âíåäðåíèè áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûõ è äîðîãî-
ñòîÿùèõ ÌÓÍ â ïåðñïåêòèâå ìîæíî èç íåäîñòàòêà ïðå-
âðàòèòü â áîëüøîå ïðåèìóùåñòâî. Íî âñå çàâèñèò â ïåð-
âóþ î÷åðåäü îò ðåøåíèé ãîñóäàðñòâà» (Ìóñëèìîâ, 2013à).
Ïî ñóùåñòâó çàïàñû âñåõ çàëåæåé íåôòè íà ïîçäíåé ñòà-
äèè ðàçðàáîòêè ïðåâðàùàþòñÿ â òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûå (Ãà-
âóðà, 1995). Ñòàáèëüíîñòü óðîâíÿ íåôòåäîáû÷è íà ìåñòî-
ðîæäåíèÿõ, âñòóïèâøèõ â çàêëþ÷èòåëüíûå ñòàäèè ðàçðàáîò-
êè, îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ðàöèîíàëüíûì èñïîëüçîâàíèåì îñòàâøèõ-
ñÿ ÒÈÇÍ. Ýòî îáóñëîâëèâàåò íåîáõîäèìîñòü ñîçäàíèÿ è
àäðåñíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ íîâûõ íàóêîåìêèõ òåõíîëîãèé
ðàçðàáîòêè, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ ïîñòóïàòåëüíîå ïîâûøåíèå
íåôòåîòäà÷è ïëàñòîâ è ïðèðîñòà èçâëåêàåìûõ çàïàñîâ. Ðàç-
ðàáîòêà òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûõ çàïàñîâ è òåì áîëåå èñïîëüçî-
âàíèå ñîâðåìåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé ïîâûøåíèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è
ïðèâîäèò ê äîïîëíèòåëüíûì çàòðàòàì, ê íåîáõîäèìîñòè
ïîâûøåíèÿ íàó÷íîãî ïîòåíöèàëà îòðàñëè (Øåëåïîâ è äð.,
2012). Âìåñòå ñ òåì êà÷åñòâî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ è ñîñòîÿíèå
ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé âñå ìåíåå ñîîòâåòñòâóþò óñòà-
íîâëåííûì òðåáîâàíèÿì; ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ðàçðàáîòêè, êàê
ïðàâèëî, íå ñîïðîâîæäàåòñÿ íåîáõîäèìûìè íàó÷íî-èññëå-
äîâàòåëüñêèìè è ïîèñêîâûìè ðàáîòàìè (Ïîíîìàðåâ, 2007à).
Âåäóùèå ó÷åíûå è ñïåöèàëèñòû-íåôòÿíèêè áüþò òðå-
âîãó î ïîëîæåíèè ïðîåêòíûõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ äîêóìåí-
òîâ íà ðàçðàáîòêó íåôòÿíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé â Ðîññèè.
Îäíè èç íèõ ðàññìàòðèâàþò èííîâàöèîííîå ïðîåêòèðîâà-
íèå êàê âàæíîå çâåíî â ïðîìûøëåííîì âíåäðåíèè íîâûõ
òåõíîëîãèé ðàçðàáîòêè íåôòÿíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé ñ ïðî-
áëåìíûìè çàïàñàìè íåôòè (Âîëêîâ, 2012; Äæàôàðîâ, 2009;
Ìóñëèìîâ, 2009-2013), äðóãèå îòíîñÿòñÿ ê ýòîìó ñ îãëÿä-
êîé íà ïðîøëîå, òî åñòü êàê ê âîçâðàòó ê ñîâåòñêîé äåé-
ñòâèòåëüíîñòè âðåìåí Ìèííåôòåïðîìà ÑÑÑÐ îáðàçöà
1980-õ ãã.: «èííîâàöèîííûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî îðãàíèçàöèè
ïðîèçâîäñòâà (â äàííîì ñëó÷àå èííîâàöèîííîãî ïðîåêòè-
ðîâàíèÿ) – ýòî â îñíîâå ñâîåé ïîâòîðåíèå ïðîéäåííîãî,
òîãî, ÷òî áûëî ðàçðóøåíî è ÷òî ñ òàêèì òðóäîì ìû ñåé÷àñ
ïûòàåìñÿ âîññòàíîâèòü» (Äàâûäîâ, 2013). Íî è òå, è äðó-
ãèå åäèíû âî ìíåíèè: èííîâàöèîííîå ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå
áûëî è áóäåò àêòóàëüíûì è âîñòðåáîâàííûì, è ðàçâèòèå
åãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáùåìèðîâîé òåíäåíöèåé, êàê èíñòðóìåíò
ïîâûøåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé.
 ÎÀÎ «Ãàçïðîì íåôòü» çàäà÷è óâåëè÷åíèÿ äîáû÷è è ïî-
âûøåíèÿ ñòåïåíè èçâëå÷åíèÿ îñòàòî÷íûõ ÒÈÇÍ ðàññìàò-
ðèâàþòñÿ êîìïëåêñíî (Äæàôàðîâ, 2009): «Â ÷àñòíîñòè,
ïîâûøåíèå ÊÈÍ ñâÿçûâàþò ñ àïðîáàöèåé è àêòèâíûì èñ-
ïîëüçîâàíèåì âñåãî ñïåêòðà ñîâðåìåííûõ ìåòîäîâ äîáû-
÷è íåôòè è ãàçà, âêëþ÷àþùèõ îïåðàòèâíîå óïðàâëåíèå
ðàçðàáîòêîé ìåñòîðîæäåíèé, ýôôåêòèâíóþ âûðàáîòêó

1(56) 2014 11
R.Z. Mukhametshin Unresolved Problems and Solved Tasks of Innovative Reservoir Engineering

çàïàñîâ, îïòèìèçàöèþ ýêñïëóàòàöèè äåéñòâóþùèõ è êà- òåëåé. Îòìå÷åíî (Õàëèìîâ, 2012), ÷òî äëÿ çðåëûõ ìåñòî-
÷åñòâåííîå ñòðîèòåëüñòâî íîâûõ ñêâàæèí». Èìåþùàÿñÿ ðîæäåíèé, èìåþùèõ äëèòåëüíóþ èñòîðèþ ðàçðàáîòêè è
ðåñóðñíàÿ áàçà è ïðèíÿòàÿ ñòðàòåãèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ÎÀÎ «Ãàçï- íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ïîçäíåé ñòàäèè, òî÷íîñòü ïðîãíîçîâ, âû-
ðîì íåôòü» îïðåäåëèëè êîíöåïöèþ ðàçâèòèÿ èííîâàöèîí- ïîëíåííûõ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì òðàäèöèîííûõ àíàëèòè÷åñ-
íûõ òåõíîëîãèé: 1) îïòèìèçàöèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè èñòîùåííûõ êèõ ìåòîäèê, íå óñòóïàåò ïðîãíîçàì, ïîëó÷åííûì ñ ïðè-
âûñîêîîáâîäíåííûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé; 2) ðàçðàáîòêà è âíå- ìåíåíèåì ïëàñòîâîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ; òîãäà êàê ÷èñëåí-
äðåíèå íîâûõ ìåòîäîâ óâåëè÷åíèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è äëÿ íèçêî- íîå ïëàñòîâîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ áîëåå òðóäîåìêèì,
ïðîíèöàåìûõ êîëëåêòîðîâ; 3) ïîâûøåíèå ýôôåêòèâíîñòè äîðîãîñòîÿùèì, òðåáóþùèì ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ çíà÷èòåëüíûõ
ðàçðàáîòêè è ìîíèòîðèíãà ýêñïëóàòàöèè ìíîãîïëàñòîâûõ ÷åëîâå÷åñêèõ è òåõíè÷åñêèõ ðåñóðñîâ.
çàëåæåé íåôòè; 4) âíåäðåíèå òåõíîëîãèé äîáû÷è è òðàíñ- Ïðè÷èíîé òîìó, êàê ïîêàçàëè ýêñïåðòíûå îöåíêè (Ìó-
ïîðòà âûñîêîâÿçêîé íåôòè; 5) ïîèñê òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ðå- õàìåòøèí, 2013), ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñëåäóþùèå ôàêòîðû:
øåíèé äëÿ îñâîåíèÿ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé óãëåâîäîðîäîâ. 1. Îøèáêè, äîïóùåííûå ïðè äåòàëüíîé êîððåëÿöèè
Ýôôåêòèâíàÿ âûðàáîòêà òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûõ çàïàñîâ ïëàñòîâ ïðè ïîäñ÷åòå çàïàñîâ, ãåîëîãè÷åñêàÿ îñíîâà êî-
íåôòè ïðåäïîëàãàåò íàëè÷èå íàäåæíîé ôèçèêî-ãåîëîãè- òîðîé èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ôèëüòðàöèîííîé ìîäåëè, àâòîìàòè-
÷åñêîé áàçû çíàíèé, ïîçâîëÿþùåé îöåíèâàòü äîáû÷íûå ÷åñêè ïåðåõîäÿò â ïðîåêòíûé äîêóìåíò.
âîçìîæíîñòè ïðîäóêòèâíûõ ïëàñòîâ, îáîñíîâàííî ïîäáè- 2. Íåäîîöåíêà ìàêðî- è ìèêðîíåîäíîðîäíîñòè ïðî-
ðàòü è öåëåíàïðàâëåííî ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàòü ñèñòåìû ðàç- äóêòèâíûõ ïëàñòîâ.
ðàáîòêè, òåõíîëîãèè èíòåíñèôèêàöèè äîáû÷è íåôòè è 3. Íåäîó÷åò âÿçêîóïðóãèõ ñâîéñòâ è ñòåïåíè âëèÿíèÿ
ìåòîäû óâåëè÷åíèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è, íàèáîëåå ñîîòâåòñòâó- âÿçêîñòè íåôòè íà êîýôôèöèåíòû îñòàòî÷íîé íåôòåíàñû-
þùèå îïðåäåëåííûì òèïàì îáúåêòîâ. ùåííîñòè è ñîîòâåòñòâåííî âûòåñíåíèÿ.
Åñëè ãîâîðèòü î íûíåøíåì ñîñòîÿíèè ïðîåêòèðîâà- 4. Íåðåãóëÿðíîñòü ïóñòîòíîãî ïðîñòðàíñòâà â êàðáî-
íèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè íåôòÿíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé, òî îáðàùàåò íàòíûõ ïëàñòàõ-êîëëåêòîðàõ, äèíàìè÷åñêèé õàðàêòåð èõ
âíèìàíèå íåäîñòàòî÷íàÿ àäåêâàòíîñòü ñîçäàâàåìûõ ãåî- òðåùèíîâàòîñòè.
ëîãî-ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé (ÃÃÄÌ) ðåàëüíûì ãåî- 5. Òåõíîãåííûå èçìåíåíèÿ â ïëàñòîâûõ ñèñòåìàõ (Àá-
ëîãî-ôèçè÷åñêèì óñëîâèÿì îáúåêòîâ ýêñïëóàòàöèè, êîòî- äóëìàçèòîâ è äð., 2008; Ìóõàìåòøèí, Êðèíàðè, 1999; Ìó-
ðàÿ ïðèâîäèò ê îøèáêàì ïðîãíîçà òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîêà- õàìåòøèí, 2006; Ïåòðîâà è äð., 1998; Õèñàìîâ, Ôàéçóëëèí,
çàòåëåé (Äçþáà, 2007; Ìóõàìåòøèí, 2013; Õàëèìîâ, 2012), 2011).
è â ðåçóëüòàòå «âî ìíîãèõ ñëó÷àÿõ ïðîöåäóðà ïåðåðàñòàåò 6. Âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ïëàñòîâ â ïðîöåññå ðàçðàáîòêè, â
â íåïðåðûâíî ïðîäîëæàþùååñÿ ïåðìàíåíòíîå ïðîåêòè- òîì ÷èñëå èç-çà íåó÷åòà âåðòèêàëüíîé ïðîíèöàåìîñòè òàê
ðîâàíèå» (Õàëèìîâ, 2012). Ïðèìåíåíèå ÃÃÄÌ ïðè ñîñòàâ- íàçûâàåìûõ ïîëóêîëëåêòîðîâ èëè íåêîíäèöèîííûõ êîë-
ëåíèè òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ äîêóìåíòîâ ñîãëàñíî «Ìåòîäè÷åñ- ëåêòîðîâ (Çàêèðîâ è äð., 2010; Ìóñëèìîâ, 2012à, 2012â;
êèì ðåêîìåíäàöèÿì ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ðàçðàáîòêè íå- Õèñàìîâ, Ôàéçóëëèí, 2011).
ôòÿíûõ è ãàçîíåôòÿíûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé» 2007 ã. (ñîçäàíèå 7. ×åëîâå÷åñêèé ôàêòîð – îòñóòñòâèå âçàèìîóâÿçêè
öèôðîâûõ ìîäåëåé ïðè ïðåäñòàâëåíèè ïðîåêòíûõ äîêó- ïðîåêòíûõ ðåøåíèé ñïåöèàëèñòàìè ðàçíîãî ïðîôèëÿ, â
ìåíòîâ â ÖÊÐ Ðîñíåäð äå-ôàêòî
óçàêîíåíî ñ 2000 ã.), â êîòîðûõ â
îòëè÷èå îò ïðåæäå äåéñòâîâàâøèõ
äîêóìåíòîâ ñïåöèàëüíî âûäåëåí
ðàçäåë «Öèôðîâûå ìîäåëè ìåñòî-
ðîæäåíèÿ», êàçàëîñü, äîëæíî áûëî
êðàòíî óâåëè÷èòü òî÷íîñòü ïðî-
ãíîçà òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîêàçàòå-
ëåé. Îáðàùàåòñÿ âíèìàíèå íà òî
(Ìóñëèìîâ, 2013â), ÷òî «ñêëàäûâà-
åòñÿ ïàðàäîêñàëüíàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ: òåõ-
íèêà è òåõíîëîãèÿ íåôòåäîáû÷è
íåóêëîííî ðàçâèâàþòñÿ (â îñíîâ-
íîì çà ñ÷åò çàêóïîê îáîðóäîâàíèÿ
è ñðåäñòâ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ãåîëîãèè è
ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé), à
íåôòåîòäà÷à ñíèæàåòñÿ»; ïðè÷åì
ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò íå òîëüêî ïî îáúåê-
òàì ñ ÒÈÇÍ, íî è ïî ìåñòîðîæäå-
íèÿì ñ àêòèâíûìè çàïàñàìè íåôòè.
Ìíîãîëåòíèé ïðàêòè÷åñêèé îïûò
ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ è ðåàëèçàöèè ïðî-
åêòîâ ïîêàçàë (Õàëèìîâ, 2012), ÷òî
íå óäàëîñü ðåøèòü ãëàâíóþ çàäà÷ó
Ðèñ. 1. Äèíàìèêà íåôòåíàñûùåííîñòè ïî ðàçðåçó ïëàñòà «â» â êîíòðîëüíîé ñêâ. 25328
– ïóòåì ñîçäàíèÿ ÃÃÄÌ ïîâûñèòü Ìèííèáàåâñêîãî ÎÓ. Íåôòåíàñûùåííîñòü: 1 – îò 11.1991 ã. (ïîñëå öåìåíòèðîâàíèÿ îáñàä-
òî÷íîñòü ïîëó÷àåìûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ íîé êîëîííû), 2 – îò 09.1992 ã., 3 – îò 11.1994 ã. (ïîñëå îáû÷íîãî çàâîäíåíèÿ, Êîõâ – 0.64),
ïðîãíîçà òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîêàçà- 4 – îò 09.1997 ã. (ïîñëå ÎÝÖ).  êðóæêàõ – ïîðèñòîñòü ïî ÃÈÑ.

12 1(56) 2014
 Ð.Ç. Ìóõàìåòøèí Íåðåøåííûå ïðîáëåìû è ðåøàåìûå çàäà÷è èííîâàöèîííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íåôòè
Ðèñ. 2. ×åðåìóõîâñêîå ìåñòîðîæäåíèé, áàøêèðñêèé ÿðóñ. Äè-
íàìèêà ïîêàçàòåëåé ðàçðàáîòêè ïî ýëåìåíòó â ðàéîíå íàãíå-
òàòåëüíîé ñêâàæèíû 5425.
îñîáåííîñòè òåõíîëîãîì-ðàçðàáîò÷èêîì, «ìîäåëüåðîì»
è ôèçèêîì-ýêñïåðèìåíòàòîðîì.
8. Ê ñåìè ôàêòîðàì ñëåäóåò äîáàâèòü åùå îäèí: ïî ìíå-
íèþ (Äàâûäîâ, 2013), ñàìà «àäàïòàöèÿ ìîäåëè â ñîîòâåò-
ñòâèè ñ íûíåøíèìè ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿìè î öåëÿõ àäàïòàöèè
ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîé», ïîñêîëüêó «ñóùåñòâóåò
öåëûé íàáîð ïðèåìîâ, êîòîðûì ÷àñòî ïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ äî-
ñòèæåíèÿ «õîðîøåé» àäàïòàöèè, ò.å. êîãäà, ñîáñòâåííî,
àäàïòàöèÿ ïðîâîäèòñÿ ðàäè ñàìîé ñåáÿ. Ýòè ïðèåìû, íå
èìåþùèå ôèçè÷åñêîãî ñìûñëà, íå ïîçâîëÿþò îöåíèòü
ðåàëüíîå ñîñòîÿíèå âûðàáîòêè çàïàñîâ, äàòü êîíêðåòíûå
ðåêîìåíäàöèè íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëþ, îäíàêî îíè îòâå÷àþò
ñîâðåìåííûì òðåáîâàíèÿì ïî ïðèåìêå ìîäåëåé».
Ïåðå÷èñëåííûå ôàêòîðû ïî îñîáåííîñòÿì ïðîÿâëå-
íèÿ ìîæíî ñâåñòè â ÷åòûðå ãðóïïû, êàæäàÿ èç êîòîðûõ â
ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ:
À. Íåäîñòàòî÷íûì îáúåìîì èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé áàçû
(ôàêòîðû 2, 3, 4).
Á. Îòñóòñòâèåì ðàçðàáîòàííûõ êîíòðîëèðóþùèìè
îðãàíàìè è îáîñíîâàííûõ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìàòåìàòè-
÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ æåñòêèõ òðåáîâàíèé ê àäàïòàöèè ìîäåëåé
(Äàâûäîâ, 2012á), îñîáåííî ïî èñòîðèè ðàçðàáîòêè, óò-
âåðæäåííûõ íà óðîâíå ìèíèñòåðñòâ è âåäîìñòâ, îòâåòñòâåí-
íûõ çà ïðèåìêó ïðîåêòíûõ äîêóìåíòîâ (ôàêòîð 8).
Â. Ñëîæíîñòüþ îáîñíîâàíèÿ äèíàìèêè ïðîèñõîäÿùèõ
â ïëàñòå òåõíîãåííûõ ïðîöåññîâ â êîëè÷åñòâåííîì ïëàíå
(ôàêòîð 5).
Ä. Íåäîñòàòî÷íûì ïðîôåññèîíàëèçìîì ïðîåêòèðîâ-
ùèêîâ (ôàêòîðû 1, 2, 6, 7, 8), êîòîðûå â óñëîâèÿõ äåôèöèòà
èñõîäíîé èíôîðìàöèè ðóêîâîäñòâóþòñÿ äàëåêî íå îáî-
ñíîâàííûì ïðèíöèïîì àíàëîãèè, ëèáî óïðîùàþò ìîäå-
ëè, íå ïûòàÿñü èñïîëüçîâàòü íàðàáîòàííûå äëÿ òàêèõ ñëó-
÷àåâ ïðèåìû è òåõíîëîãèè.  ÖÃÝ (Áèëèáèí è äð., 2006)
äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ àäåêâàòíîñòè ãåîëîãè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè îáúåê-
òîâ ðàçâåäêè è ýêñïëóàòàöèè ðàçðàáîòàíà òåõíîëîãèÿ îöåí-
êè ãåîëîãè÷åñêîé íåîäíîðîäíîñòè ïëàñòà, ðàçáóðåííîãî
ïëîòíîé ñåòêîé ñêâàæèí, è ó÷åòà åå â ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ ìîäå-
ëÿõ íà ó÷àñòêàõ, âñêðûòûõ ðåäêîé ñåòêîé ðàçâåäî÷íûõ ñêâà-
æèí. Ðàâíîìåðíûé ó÷åò ãåîëîãè÷åñêîé íåîäíîðîäíîñòè
ïî âñåé ïëîùàäè ïëàñòà ïîçâîëÿåò ïîâûñèòü äîñòîâåðíîñòü
ïðîãíîçà ñòðîåíèÿ ïëàñòîâ â ìåæñêâàæèííîì ïðîñòðàí-
ñòâå áåç ïîëó÷åíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé èíôîðìàöèè. Ýòî
ëèøü îäèí èç ïðèìåðîâ òâîð÷åñêîãî è âûñîêîïðîôåññèî-
íàëüíîãî ïîäõîäà ïðè ñîçäàíèè ÃÃÄÌ.
 ðàáîòå (Äçþáà, 2007) ðàññìîòðåíû ñëàáûå ìåñòà ìî-
äåëèðîâàíèÿ ôèëüòðàöèîííûõ ïðîöåññîâ; îòìå÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî
«âî ìíîãèõ ñëó÷àÿõ êà÷åñòâî çàëîæåííîé â ñèìóëÿòîðû
ìàòåìàòèêè ñîîòâåòñòâóåò óñòàðåâøèì ÷èñëåííûì ìåòî-
äèêàì, ÷òî äîïîëíèòåëüíî ñóæèâàåò âîçìîæíîñòè ìîäåëè-
ðîâàíèÿ». È äàëåå òàì æå «â ðåçóëüòàòå îñîáåííîñòåé (îã-
ðàíè÷åíèé) ñèìóëÿòîðîâ èãíîðèðóþòñÿ îñíîâû òåîðèè
ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ, è îò ìîäåëåé ðàçðàáîòêè òðåáóþò äîñòè-
æåíèÿ 1-2% òî÷íîñòè ðàñ÷åòà ãîäîâîé äîáû÷è íåôòè, íå-
ñìîòðÿ íà òî ÷òî èñõîäíûå äàííûå èìåþò ïîãðåøíîñòü
20%». Ê âàæíûì âûâîäàì ñëåäóåò îòíåñòè ñëåäóþùåå:
– â ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ ïðîãðàììíûõ ïðîäóêòàõ íå îñ-
âåùåíî ìîäåëèðîâàíèå â óñëîâèÿõ íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîãî
êà÷åñòâà è êîëè÷åñòâà èñõîäíîé èíôîðìàöèè; çàïàäíîå
ïðîãðàììíîå îáåñïå÷åíèå ýòîìó íå óäåëÿåò âíèìàíèÿ;
– ïðè ïåðåõîäå îò ãåîëîãè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè ê ãèäðîäèíà-
ìè÷åñêîé øòàòíîå ðåìàñøòàáèðîâàíèå â áîëüøèíñòâå
ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïàêåòîâ ïðèâîäèò ê ïîòåðå ìàêðî- è ìèê-
ðîíåîäíîðîäíîñòè (â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ çàêîíîì Ìåéåðà
«Óñëîæíÿòü – ïðîñòî, óïðîùàòü – ñëîæíî»), ê «ñãëàæèâà-
íèþ» îáúåêòîâ, ê çàâåäîìîìó óëó÷øåíèþ ïîêàçàòåëåé;
– øèðîêèé ñïåêòð òåõíîëîãèé ÎÏÇ, ðåàëüíî ïðèìåíÿ-
åìûõ íà ñêâàæèíàõ, â ñèìóëÿòîðàõ íå îòðàæåí;
– îãðîìíûå ìàññèâû èíôîðìàöèè ñîâðåìåííûõ ãåî-
ôèçè÷åñêèõ, ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñêèõ, èíäèêàòîðíûõ èññëåäî-
âàíèé ñêâàæèí, ïîëó÷àåìûå ïðè êîíòðîëå çà ðàçðàáîòêîé
ìåñòîðîæäåíèé, íå çàäåéñòâóþòñÿ ïðè ìîäåëèðîâàíèè;
– íåâîçìîæíî îöåíèòü ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ðåàëèçàöèè íà
ïðàêòèêå òåõíîëîãèé ÌÓÍ, èç-çà ÷åãî ðàñ÷åòû ýôôåêòèâ-
íîñòè íå êîððåêòíû;
– ìîäåëè íå ïðèãîäíû äëÿ ïðèíÿòèÿ ðåøåíèé ïî ëî-
êàëüíûì çàäà÷àì è îòäåëüíûì ñêâàæèíàì, òî åñòü äëÿ êîí-
êðåòíûõ öåëåé (Õàëèìîâ, 2012).
Èç ýòîãî ñëåäóåò: «Êëþ÷åâûì ìîìåíòîì, îïðåäåëÿþ-
ùèì êà÷åñòâî ïîñòðîåííûõ ìîäåëåé, ÿâëÿåòñÿ êà÷åñòâî
ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî è ïðîãðàììíîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ – ñèìóëÿòî-
ðîâ, ïîëíîòà îïèñàíèÿ ãåîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñòðîåíèÿ ïëàñòîâ,
ïðîöåññîâ ìàññîîáìåíà ïëàñò-ñêâàæèíà, òåõíîëîãèé ðà-
áîòû ñî ñêâàæèíàìè» (Äçþáà, 2007).
Ïî ìíåíèþ (Çàêèðîâ è äð., 2010) «íàñòóïèâøàÿ ýðà êîì-
ïüþòåðíîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ âûÿâèëà íåãàòèâíûå ñòîðîíû
òðàäèöèîííîé êîíöåïöèè àáñîëþòíîãî ïîðîâîãî ïðîñòðàí-
ñòâà», â êîòîðîé ïîðèñòàÿ ñðåäà õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ àáñòðàêò-
íûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè àáñîëþòíîé ïðîíèöàåìîñòè è îòêðû-
òîé ïîðèñòîñòè. Â ïðåäëîæåííîé óïîìÿíóòûìè àâòîðàìè
àëüòåðíàòèâíîé íîâîé êîíöåïöèè ýôôåêòèâíîãî ïîðîâîãî
ïðîñòðàíñòâà (ÝÏÏ) áàçèñíûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ
ðåàëèñòè÷íûå êîýôôèöèåíòû ýôôåêòèâíîé ïîðèñòîñòè
(äîëÿ ïîð â îáúåìå ýëåìåíòà ïëàñòà, íå çàíÿòûõ îñòàòî÷íîé
âîäîé) è ýôôåêòèâíîé ïðîíèöàåìîñòè (ôàçîâàÿ ïðîíèöàå-
ìîñòü äëÿ íåôòè (ãàçà) ïðè îñòàòî÷íîé âîäîíàñûùåííîñ-
òè). Îòìå÷àåòñÿ (Çàêèðîâ è äð., 2010), ÷òî ïðèíÿòèå è ðåàëè-
çàöèÿ ïîäõîäîâ êîíöåïöèè ÝÏÏ â îäíîé äèñöèïëèíå ìàëî
ýôôåêòèâíû – òðåáóåòñÿ «âîññòàíîâëåíèå âçàèìîñâÿçåé,
ñèñòåìíîñòè â íåôòåãàçîâîé íàóêå». Äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ ïî-
ñòàâëåííîé öåëè íåîáõîäèìî íàëè÷èå ñïåöèàëèñòîâ øèðî-
êîãî ïðîôèëÿ, ñïîñîáíûõ îõâàòèòü âçãëÿäîì íåñêîëüêî äèñ-
öèïëèí è óâèäåòü âîçìîæíûå íåñîîòâåòñòâèÿ.
Íà ïåðåäíèé ïëàí (êðîìå ñîçäàíèÿ àäåêâàòíûõ, ðåàëü-
1(56) 2014 13
R.Z. Mukhametshin Unresolved Problems and Solved Tasks of Innovative Reservoir Engineering
íî ðàáîòàþùèõ ñ êîíêðåòíûìè îáúåêòàìè ñèìóëÿòîðîâ)
âûõîäèò è ïðîáëåìà êàäðîâ. Íà ýòî 7 ëåò òîìó íàçàä îáðà-
òèëè âíèìàíèå â ÖÊÐ: «Äî ñèõ ïîð íå ñîçäàíà íîâàÿ ñèñòå-
ìà ïîäãîòîâêè ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ðàçðà-
áîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé» (Ïîíîìàðåâ, 2007à); «ïðè ñîñòàâ-
ëåíèè ïðîåêòà ðàáîòà âåäåòñÿ êîìïëåêñíàÿ: íóæíû ãåîëî-
ãè-ðàçâåä÷èêè, ïðîìûñëîâûå ãåîëîãè, ãåîôèçèêè-ðàçâåä-
÷èêè, ïðîìûñëîâûå ãåîôèçèêè, áóðîâèêè, äîáû÷íèêè,
ãèäðîäèíàìèêè, ñïåöèàëèñòû ïî îáóñòðîéñòâó – âñÿ ãàì-
ìà ñïåöèàëèñòîâ … Âñå ýòè ñïåöèàëèñòû äîëæíû ðàáî-
òàòü êàê åäèíàÿ êîìàíäà» (Ëèñîâñêèé, 2007). Ïîýòîìó Ðîñ-
ñèè, ÷òîáû íå îêàçàòüñÿ íà çàäâîðêàõ ðàçâèòèÿ, íåîáõîäè-
ìî â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ïîçàáîòèòüñÿ îá îáðàçîâàíèè íàöèè
(Ïåøèí, 2011), ñèòóàöèÿ ñ êîòîðîé òîëüêî óõóäøàåòñÿ. Ýòî
íåèçáåæíî, ïîñêîëüêó òàêîå ðàçâèòèå ñîáûòèé çàïðîãðàì-
ìèðîâàíî ââåäåííîé â ñòðàíå ñèñòåìîé îáðàçîâàíèÿ. Â
ïëàíå âóçîâñêîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïîðà èíæåíåðíûå ñïåöè-
àëüíîñòè ñíîâà ñäåëàòü ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûìè. Çäåñü íèêàê
íåëüçÿ îãðàíè÷èâàòüñÿ òîëüêî áàêàëàâðèàòîì è ìàãèñòðà-
òóðîé, âûïóñêíèêè êîòîðûõ íå íàöåëåíû íà âûïîëíåíèå
çíà÷èìûõ ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ çàäà÷: îäíè â ñèëó îòñóòñòâèÿ ïðî÷-
íîãî áàçîâîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ, äðóãèå (äàæå ëó÷øèå èç íèõ)
îêàæóòñÿ îòîðâàííûìè îò ñèñòåìíîãî âíåäðåíèÿ èííîâà-
öèé. Íåîáõîäèìî âåðíóòüñÿ ê ïîäãîòîâêå ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ñ
ïÿòèëåòíèì èëè øåñòèëåòíèì ñðîêîì îáó÷åíèÿ, òî åñòü ê
èåðàðõèè áàêàëàâð – ñïåöèàëèñò – ìàãèñòð. Ýòó ïðîáëåìó
ñëåäóåò ðåøàòü ïðè ïîäãîòîâêå êàäðîâ íå òîëüêî äëÿ íå-
ôòÿíîé è ãàçîâîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè.
Äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ àäåêâàòíûõ ïðåäñòàâëåíèé îá îáúåêòàõ
ñ òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûìè çàïàñàìè, ïîäãîòàâëèâàåìûõ ê ðàç-
ðàáîòêå è ðàçðàáàòûâàåìûõ, íåîáõîäèìî íå òîëüêî îáîá-
ùåíèå âñåé íàêîïëåííîé â õîäå ïîèñêîâî-ðàçâåäî÷íûõ
ðàáîò ãåîëîãè÷åñêîé èíôîðìàöèè (Áåëîíèí, 1997), íî è
ïðîâåäåíèå ñïåöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, â òîì ÷èñëå íà
ôèçè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëÿõ è â ïðîìûñëîâûõ óñëîâèÿõ (Ìóõà-
ìåòøèí, 2006). Êîìïëåêñíûé õàðàêòåð èçó÷åíèÿ îáúåêòîâ
îáóñëîâëèâàåò ïðèâëå÷åíèå øèðîêîãî ñïåêòðà íàó÷íûõ
äèñöèïëèí. Ìåòîäîëîãèåé æå êà÷åñòâåííîãî è âñåñòîðîí-
íåãî èçó÷åíèÿ è ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ îáúåêòîâ ðàçëè÷íîé ïðè-
ðîäû ñëóæèò ñèñòåìíûé ïîäõîä.
Ôîðìàëèçàöèþ ïðîöåäóð ñèñòåìíîãî ïîäõîäà äîëæíî
ïðåäâàðÿòü âûäåëåíèå êëàññîâ çàïàñîâ (Ìóõàìåòøèí, 2006).
Êàæäûé èç âûäåëåííûõ êëàññîâ ÒÈÇÍ îòðàæàåò ïðèîðè-
òåòíîñòü îïðåäåëÿþùèõ ïðèçíàêîâ (îäíîãî, äâóõ èëè äàæå
òðåõ) òðóäíîé èçâëåêàåìîñòè çàïàñîâ, íà èçó÷åíèå êîòîðûõ
äîëæåí áûòü íàöåëåí êîìïëåêñ ìåòîäîâ èññëåäîâàíèÿ.
Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå è âíåäðåíèå èííîâàöèîííûõ òåõíî-
ëîãèé, íåñîìíåííî, ïîòðåáóþò ïðîâåäåíèÿ ÎÏÐ: âî-ïåð-
âûõ, êàæäûé îáúåêò èëè ãðóïïà èõ óíèêàëüíû ïî ñâîèì
ãåîëîãî-ôèçè÷åñêèì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì, çäåñü êàê íèãäå íå-
îáõîäèìî ó÷èòûâàòü çàêîí Ìèëëåðà («Íè÷åãî íåëüçÿ ñêà-
çàòü î ãëóáèíå ëóæè, ïîêà â íåå íå ïîïàäåøü»); âî-âòîðûõ,
óñïåøíîñòü òîé èëè èíîé òåõíîëîãèè çàâèñèò îò: à) óæå
ñôîðìèðîâàííîé ñèñòåìû ðàçðàáîòêè, á) ïðèìåíÿâøèõ-
ñÿ ìåòîäîâ ÎÏÇ (ìåòîäîâ èíòåíñèôèêàöèè äîáû÷è), â)
ñòåïåíè ñèñòåìíîñòè èõ ïðîâåäåíèÿ, ã) êîìïëåêñèðîâàíèÿ
ìåòîäîâ (òåõíîëîãèé).  ëþáîì ñëó÷àå äëÿ èííîâàöèîí-
íîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ äîëæíû áûòü ïðåäóñìîòðåíû â çíà-
÷èòåëüíîì îáúåìå ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíûå (îïåðåæàþùèå,
ïðåäïðîåêòíûå) íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå è îïûòíî-ïðî-
ìûøëåííûå ðàáîòû (ÍÈÎÏÐ) (Âîëêîâ, 2009), íà÷èíàÿ ñ
14 1(56) 2014
óòî÷íåíèÿ ãåîëîãè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè îáúåêòà (Ìóñëèìîâ,
2012ã; Ìóõàìåòøèí, 2013; Õàëèìîâ, 2012). Âî-ïåðâûõ, ýòî
ïðîâåäåíèå ðàñøèðåííîãî êîìïëåêñà ïîëåâûõ ãåîôèçè-
÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ; âî-âòîðûõ, âûïîëíåíèå øèðîêîãî ñïåêò-
ðà ëàáîðàòîðíûõ, ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðîìûñëîâûõ èñ-
ñëåäîâàíèé. Ðàçâåäî÷íàÿ ãåîôèçèêà, âêëþ÷àÿ ìîáèëüíûå
ìåòîäû, ìîæåò îêàçàòü ñóùåñòâåííóþ ïîìîùü â èçó÷å-
íèè íåîäíîðîäíîñòåé ãåîëîãè÷åñêîé ñðåäû (â ïåðâóþ
î÷åðåäü òåõ èç íèõ, êîòîðûå ìîãóò ïîâëèÿòü íà âûáîð ñèñ-
òåì ðàçðàáîòêè), ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèè çîí ïîâûøåííîé è èí-
òåíñèâíîé òåêòîíè÷åñêîé òðåùèíîâàòîñòè è èõ òðàññèðî-
âàíèè (Ìóõàìåòøèí è äð., 2002), ÷òî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî âàæíî
ïðè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè ñèñòåì ðàçðàáîòêè äëÿ çàëåæåé íå-
ôòè â êàðáîíàòíûõ êîëëåêòîðàõ.
Äëÿ ýôôåêòèâíîãî îñâîåíèÿ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé ñ ÒÈÇÍ
íåîáõîäèìî ïðè ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ïîääåðæêå âåðíóòüñÿ ê
ïðàêòèêå øèðîêîìàñøòàáíûõ ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ íà îïûòíûõ
ó÷àñòêàõ (ÎÓ), èìåþùèõ âàæíîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ îòðàñëè. Â
ðàìêàõ îäíîãî èç òàêèõ ìàñøòàáíûõ è, ïîæàëóé, ïîñëåäíèõ
ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ â ñîâåòñêèé ïåðèîä, ïðîâåäåííûõ ïî èíè-
öèàòèâå ãëàâíîãî ãåîëîãà ÏÎ «Òàòíåôòü» Ð.Õ. Ìóñëèìîâà,
áûëî ñîçäàíî òðè ÎÓ ïî «Ïðîãðàììå ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ
èññëåäîâàíèé ïî îöåíêå ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïðèìåíåíèÿ íåô-
òåâûòåñíÿþùèõ êîìïîçèöèé è ðåàãåíòîâ íà îïûòíûõ ó÷àñ-
òêàõ, îáîðóäîâàííûõ ñòåêëîïëàñòèêîâûìè õâîñòîâèêàìè»,
óòâåðæäåííîé â 1990 ã. ãåíåðàëüíûì äèðåêòîðîì «Òàòíåô-
òè» Ð.Ã.Ãàëååâûì (Ìóõàìåòøèí, 2006, 2007; Ìóõàìåòøèí è
äð., 2002, 2007). Íà Ìèííèáàåâñêîé ïëîùàäè Ðîìàøêèíñêî-
ãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ äèíàìèêè èçìåíåíèÿ íåô-
òåâîäîíàñûùåííîñòèè â óñëîâèÿõ âûñîêîåìêèõ êîëëåêòî-
ðîâ ïëàñòîâ «â» è «ã2+3» (íèæíÿÿ ïà÷êà ïîðîä ãîðèçîíòà ÄI)
ïðîáóðåíî äåâÿòü ñêâàæèí ñî ñòåêëîïëàñòèêîâûìè îáñàä-
íûìè òðóáàìè (ÑÏÎÒ) â èíòåðâàëàõ ïðîäóêòèâíûõ ïëàñòîâ
ãîðèçîíòà ÄI. Ðàçáóðèâàíèå ó÷àñòêà çàâåðøåíî ê íà÷àëó
1992 ã. Êàê ïîêàçàëè ñêâàæèííûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ èíäóêöèîí-
íûì ìåòîäîì (ÈÌ) ïî òåõíîëîãèè ÂÍÈÈíåôòåïðîìãåîôè-
çèêè (Ìóõàìåòøèí, 2006, 2007), ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè çàãóñ-
òèòåëåé â âèäå îòîðî÷åê ÎÝÖ (ïîòîêîîòêëîíÿþùèõ òåõíî-
ëîãèé), íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì îõâàòà çàâîäíåíèåì ïðîèñ-
õîäèò ñíèæåíèå íåôòåíàñûùåííîñòè â ðàíåå çàâîäíåííîì
îáúåìå. Ýôôåêò îò çàêà÷êè ÎÝÖ ïîäòâåðæäåí ïðîìûñëî-
âûìè äàííûìè; â ñêâàæèíàõ ñî ÑÏÎÒ îí ïðîÿâèëñÿ ÷åðåç
ïðèðîñò êîýôôèöèåíòà îõâàòà è ñíèæåíèå íåôòåíàñûùåí-
íîñòè â ðàíåå çàâîäíåííûõ èíòåðâàëàõ (Ðèñ. 1). Â èíòåíñèâ-
íî ïðîìûòîé ÷àñòè ïëàñòà «â» â íàãíåòàòåëüíîé ñêâ. 20403
òîëùèíîé 5.0ì ïîñëå ÎÝÖ êîýôôèöèåíò îñòàòî÷íîé íåô-
òåíàñûùåííîñòè ñíèçèëñÿ ñ 28.4% äî 23.2%, ÷òî ñîîòâåò-
ñòâóåò êîýôôèöèåíòó âûòåñíåíèÿ, ðàâíîìó 0.754, òî åñòü
ñóùåñòâåííî âûøå, íåæåëè ýòî ïðè ìîäåëèðîâàíèè ïðî-
öåññà âûòåñíåíèÿ íåôòè íåîáðàáîòàííîé âîäîé. Áëèçêèå
çíà÷åíèÿ îñòàòî÷íîé íåôòåíàñûùåííîñòè çàôèêñèðîâàíû
è ïî îòäåëüíûì èíòåðâàëàì êîíòðîëüíûõ ñêâàæèí. Ïðè çà-
âîäíåíèè ÎÝÖ ïðîèñõîäèò âûòåñíåíèå ÷àñòè êàïïèëÿðíî-
çàùåìëåííîé â ïîðîâîì îáúåìå íåôòè èç âûñîêîåìêèõ îá-
âîäíåííûõ ñëîåâ. Ýòî ïîçâîëÿåò ðåêîìåíäîâàòü è ýôôåê-
òèâíî èñïîëüçîâàòü äàííûé òðåòè÷íûé ìåòîä óâåëè÷åíèÿ
íåôòåîòäà÷è è íà ïîçäíåé ñòàäèè ðàçðàáîòêè äàæå êâàçèîä-
íîðîäíûõ âûñîêîïðîíèöàåìûõ ïëàñòîâ.
Äðóãîé ýêñïåðèìåíò ñâÿçàí ñ îñâîåíèåì çàëåæåé âû-
ñîêîâÿçêîé íåôòè â êàðáîíàòíûõ êîëëåêòîðàõ è ÷ðåçâû-
÷àéíî âàæåí äëÿ óñëîâèé ìåñòîðîæäåíèé Òàòàðñòàíà è
 Ð.Ç. Ìóõàìåòøèí Íåðåøåííûå ïðîáëåìû è ðåøàåìûå çàäà÷è èííîâàöèîííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íåôòè
Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè. Ñïåöèôèêà ôèçèêî-ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ õà-
ðàêòåðèñòèê çàëåæåé â êàðáîíàòíûõ êîëëåêòîðàõ Ìåëåêåñ-
ñêîé âïàäèíû óêàçûâàåò íà òî, ÷òî èõ çàïàñû ÿâëÿþòñÿ
âäâîéíå è äàæå âòðîéíå òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûìè.
Îïûò îñâîåíèÿ ó÷àñòêà ×åðåìóõîâñêîãî ìåñòîðîæäå-
íèÿ ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì òåõíîëîãèè âñêðûòèÿ êàðáîíàòíûõ
ïëàñòîâ íà äåïðåññèè, ðàçðàáîòàííîé â ÏåðìÍÈÏÈíåôòè
ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì Í.È.Êðûñèíà, è åãî äâóõëåòíåé ýêñïëó-
àòàöèè â ÍÃÄÓ «ÒàòÐÈÒÝÊ» (ßêèìîâ è äð., 2005) ïîêàçàë:
äàæå â óñëîâèÿõ âûñîêîé âÿçêîñòè íåôòè è ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî
íåîäíîðîäíûõ êàðáîíàòíûõ ïëàñòîâ áàøêèðñêîãî ÿðóñà,
ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûì è ýôôåêòèâíûì ñîçäàíèå î÷à-
ãîâ çàâîäíåíèÿ (Ðèñ. 2). Äåáèòû íåôòè ïî 13 ýêñïëóàòèðó-
þùèì ïëàñòû áàøêèðñêîãî ÿðóñà ñêâàæèíàì, âñêðûòèå
êîòîðûõ ïðîèçâîäèëîñü íà äåïðåññèè, êîëåáàëèñü îò 6,1
äî 23,2 ò/ñóò è ñîñòàâèëè â ñðåäíåì 14,4 ò/ñóò, ÷òî â 2,9 ðàçà
âûøå òàêîâûõ ïî ñêâàæèíàì, ãäå ïëàñòû âñêðûòû ïî òðà-
äèöèîííîé òåõíîëîãèè. Ðàíåå îðãàíèçàöèÿ î÷àãà çàâîäíå-
íèÿ â 1986 ã. â àíàëîãè÷íûõ ïëàñòàõ Íóðëàòñêîãî ìåñòî-
ðîæäåíèÿ íå ïðèâåëà ê èçìåíåíèþ äåáèòîâ â îêðóæàþ-
ùèõ äîáûâàþùèõ ñêâàæèíàõ, êîòîðûå õàðàêòåðèçîâàëèñü
íèçêèìè ïëàñòîâûìè è çàáîéíûìè äàâëåíèÿìè (ñîîòâåò-
ñòâåííî 4,4-6,7 ÌÏà è 0,8-1,9 ÌÏà) è, íåñìîòðÿ íà ðåçêîå
ïðåâûøåíèå çàêà÷êè âîäû íàä îòáîðîì æèäêîñòè, îáâîä-
íÿëèñü íèæíèìè âîäàìè (Ãèëÿçîâ è äð., 1999).
Ïîâûøåíèå ñòåïåíè èçâëå÷åíèÿ íåôòè èç íåäð – îäíî
èç ïðèîðèòåòíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé ðàçâèòèÿ íåôòÿíîé ïðî-
ìûøëåííîñòè (Êðÿíåâ, Æäàíîâ, 2011; Ìóñëèìîâ, 2010,
2012à, 2013à è äð.; Øåëåïîâ è äð., 2012). Ìåòîäû óâåëè÷å-
íèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è (ÌÓÍ) ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãîðàçäî áîëåå ñëîæíû-
ìè, ÷åì çàâîäíåíèå, ïðîöåññàìè, îñíîâàííûìè íà ìåõà-
íèçìàõ äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî èçâëå÷åíèÿ íåôòè èç ïîðèñòîé
ñðåäû. Òåõíîëîãèè ÌÓÍ òðåáóþò êàê ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî
òùàòåëüíîãî íàó÷íîãî îáîñíîâàíèÿ ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê êîí-
êðåòíûì óñëîâèÿì, òàê è ïîñëåäóþùåãî íàó÷íîãî ñîïðî-
âîæäåíèÿ ïðè èõ ïðèìåíåíèè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì íîâûõ è
ïðèíöèïèàëüíî íîâûõ ñðåäñòâ êîíòðîëÿ è ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ.
Íà òåêóùåì ýòàïå, êàê ñ÷èòàþò âî ÂÍÈÈíåôòè (Êðÿíåâ,
Æäàíîâ, 2011), íåîáõîäèìî ñîçäàíèå è îñâîåíèå òåõíîëî-
ãèé, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ ìíîãîôàêòîðíîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà
ïëàñò-êîëëåêòîð è íàñûùàþùèå åãî ôëþèäû.
Ñ ïåðåõîäîì íåôòÿíîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè íà íîâóþ ñè-
ñòåìó õîçÿéñòâîâàíèÿ ïåðåñòàëè äåéñòâîâàòü ìåõàíèçìû
ñòèìóëèðîâàíèÿ èçó÷åíèÿ ïðîáëåìû óâåëè÷åíèÿ íåôòåîò-
äà÷è, ñóùåñòâåííî óìåíüøèëàñü àêòèâíîñòü íàó÷íûõ èñ-
ñëåäîâàíèé, îáúåìû ïðèìåíåíèÿ ìåòîäîâ ñòàëè ñíèæàòü-
ñÿ (Êðÿíåâ, Æäàíîâ, 2011); ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ðàçðàáîòêè íå
ñîïðîâîæäàåòñÿ íåîáõîäèìûìè íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêè-
ìè è ïîèñêîâûìè ðàáîòàìè, îòñóòñòâóþò ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî
ñîçäàíèþ îïûòíî-ïðîìûøëåííûõ ïîëèãîíîâ äëÿ îòðàáîò-
êè íîâûõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ðåøåíèé (Ïîíîìàðåâ, 2007á).
Ïî äàííûì (Êðÿíåâ, Æäàíîâ, 2011) ïðè áëàãîïðèÿòíûõ
óñëîâèÿõ ê 2030 ã. èçâëåêàåìûå çàïàñû ñòðàíû çà ñ÷åò
ïðîìûøëåííîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ ÌÓÍ ìîãóò áûòü ïðèðàùå-
íû íà 2-4 ìëðä. ò ñ ãîäîâîé äîïîëíèòåëüíîé äîáû÷åé 30-
60 ìëí. ò, äîïîëíèòåëüíûå çàòðàòû â êîíå÷íîì ñ÷åòå êîì-
ïåíñèðóþòñÿ ïîâûøåííîé ýôôåêòèâíîñòüþ. Ïî Òàòàðñòà-
íó ýòî ïîçâîëèò óäâîèòü èçâëåêàåìûå çàïàñû ìàëûõ íå-
ôòÿíûõ êîìïàíèé, â öåëîì ïî ðåñïóáëèêå ïðèðàñòèòü áî-
ëåå 400 ìëí. ò èçâëåêàåìûõ çàïàñîâ íåôòè, ÷òî ðàâíîñèëü-
íî ñîçäàíèþ íîâîãî íåôòåäîáûâàþùåãî ðàéîíà Ðîññèè
(Âîëêîâ, Ñàõèáóëëèí, 2009). Êàê ïîêàçûâàåò ìèðîâîé è
ðîññèéñêèé îïûò, áåç ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ó÷àñòèÿ èííîâà-
öèîííûå ïðîáëåìû ðåøàòü íå óäàåòñÿ. Îòäåëüíûå ýêñïå-
ðèìåíòû ïðîâîäÿòñÿ â íåáîëüøîì ÷èñëå êîìïàíèé, óñëî-
âèÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ è ïîëó÷åííûå ðåçóëüòàòû äàëåêî íå âñå-
ãäà ñòàíîâÿòñÿ äîñòóïíûìè øèðîêîìó êðóãó ñïåöèàëèñ-
òîâ èç-çà «êîììåð÷åñêîé òàéíû».
 äåëå ïðîäâèæåíèÿ èííîâàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèé íåîá-
õîäèìî ðåøàòü è ðåøèòü íà ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì óðîâíå òðè
ïðîáëåìû:
1. Ñîôèíàíñèðîâàíèå ãîñóäàðñòâåííûìè ñòðóêòóðàìè
íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ è îïûòíî-ïðîìûøëåííûõ ðà-
áîò, âêëþ÷àÿ ìàñøòàáíûå ýêñïåðèìåíòû â ïëàñòîâûõ óñ-
ëîâèÿõ ïî îöåíêå ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ÌÓÍ äëÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ êëàñ-
ñîâ ïðîáëåìíûõ çàïàñîâ íåôòè. Ïðîáëåìû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ
ãàðìîíèçàöèåé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ èíòåðåñîâ â ïåðâóþ î÷å-
ðåäü ãîñóäàðñòâà è íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëåé, ðàññìàòðèâàëèñü
â ðàáîòàõ (Äàâûäîâ, 2013; Êðÿíåâ, Æäàíîâ, 2011; Ìóñëè-
ìîâ, 2011, 2012ã, 2013à, 2013â). Ôèíàíñèðóÿ èëè ïðåäîñòàâ-
ëÿÿ íàëîãîâûå ëüãîòû, ãîñóäàðñòâî âìåñòå ñ òåì ñòàíîâèò-
ñÿ ïðàâîîáëàäàòåëåì, òî åñòü ïîëó÷àåò â ñâîå ðàñïîðÿæå-
íèå àïðîáèðîâàííûå â óñëîâèÿõ ðåàëüíûõ ïëàñòîâ òåõíî-
ëîãèè, êîòîðûå ÷åðåç êîíòðîëèðóþùèå îðãàíû âïðàâå
òðåáîâàòü îò íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëåé èõ âíåäðåíèÿ.
2. Ñîçäàíèå íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâîé áàçû, â òîì ÷èñëå
ðåãëàìåíòèðóþùåé ïðèìåíåíèå ïðîãðàììíûõ êîìïëåê-
ñîâ äëÿ ïðîãíîçà äîáû÷è íåôòè è îáîñíîâàíèÿ ãåîëîãî-
òåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé.
3. Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ â ñôåðå âûñøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ, ïå-
ðåõîä ê òðåõçâåííîé («áàêàëàâð – ñïåöèàëèñò – ìàãèñòð»)
èåðàðõèè âûïóñêíèêîâ.
Àêòèâíîå âíåäðåíèå ÌÓÍ âñåãäà ïðîèñõîäèò íà ôîíå
ñóùåñòâåííîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ñîïóòñòâóþùèõ ôóíäàìåíòàëü-
íûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé (Êðÿíåâ, Æäà-
íîâ, 2011). Î êàêîì æå ïðîðûâå â äåëå ïîâûøåíèÿ íåôòå-
îòäà÷è íà ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ ñòðàíû ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü, êîãäà
ãîñóäàðñòâî, êàê ðåçîííî îòìå÷àåòñÿ ó÷åíûìè (Äàâûäîâ,
2014; Ìóñëèìîâ, 2012á), ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå ôèíàíñèðóåò íåô-
òåãàçîâóþ ïðèêëàäíóþ íàóêó, õîòÿ èìåííî ýòà îòðàñëü
ïðèíîñèò åìó îñíîâíîé äîõîä?
Äëÿ óñïåøíîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ñëîæíûõ ìåñòîðîæäå-
íèé è ðàçðàáîòêè íóæíû ïðèíöèïèàëüíî áîëåå ñîâåðøåí-
íûå ñèìóëÿòîðû (Äçþáà, 2007; Ïåðãàìåíò, Íåêðàñîâ, 2007),
êîòîðûå áû ïîçâîëÿëè íà îñíîâå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ñîâðå-
ìåííûõ äîñòèæåíèé ÷èñëåííûõ ìåòîäîâ ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíå-
íèé ôèëüòðàöèè ñîçäàâàòü ìîäåëè, îòâå÷àþùèå ôèçèêî-
ãåîëîãè÷åñêèì óñëîâèÿì ðåàëüíûõ îáúåêòîâ. Ðîññèéñêèì
íåôòÿíûì êîìïàíèÿì è íàó÷íûì îðãàíèçàöèÿì è öåíò-
ðàì â ñâîå âðåìÿ áûë àíîíñèðîâàí îòå÷åñòâåííûé ïðî-
ãðàììíûé êîìïëåêñ «Òðàñò», çàòåì ïåðåèìåíîâàííûé â
TimeZYX. Îäíàêî è òå, è äðóãèå ýòèõ ðàçðàáîòîê íå äîæäà-
ëèñü. Áåç ñîâåðøåííûõ ñèìóëÿòîðîâ òðåáîâàíèå ÖÊÐ ê
íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëÿì «îáåñïå÷èòü ðàçðàáîòêó ìåñòîðîæ-
äåíèÿ, ìîíèòîðèíã ðàçðàáîòêè íà áàçå ïîñòîÿííî äåéñòâó-
þùèõ ãåîëîãî-òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé», ìíîãîêðàòíî
îçâó÷åííîå íà çàñåäàíèÿõ è íàøåäøåå îòðàæåíèå â ïóá-
ëèêàöèÿõ «Âåñòíèêà ÖÊÐ Ðîñíåäðà» è äðóãèõ èçäàíèé, ïðî-
ñòî ïîâèñàåò â âîçäóõå.
Ïî ìíåíèþ (Ïåðãàìåíò, Íåêðàñîâ, 2007) òîëüêî ñîâìåñ-
òíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ è ðàçðàáîòêè ó÷åíûõ è ïðàêòèêîâ â îá-
ëàñòè ñîçäàíèÿ êà÷åñòâåííûõ ñèìóëÿòîðîâ, áîëåå òî÷íî
1(56) 2014 15
R.Z. Mukhametshin Unresolved Problems and Solved Tasks of Innovative Reservoir Engineering
îïèñûâàþùèõ ïðîöåññû ôèëüòðàöèè â ñëîæíûõ ðåàëüíûõ
ñëó÷àÿõ, ïîâûøåíèå êâàëèôèêàöèè ñïåöèàëèñòîâ-ãèäðîäè-
íàìèêîâ è ðàçðàáîò÷èêîâ îáåñïå÷àò áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíîå
èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïîñòîÿííî äåéñòâóþùèõ ãåîëîãî-òåõíîëî-
ãè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íåôòè è ãàçà Ðîññèè.
×òî äàñò ãîñóäàðñòâó è íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ðåøåíèå
äàâíî íàçðåâøèõ ïðîáëåì?
Ãîñóäàðñòâó:
1. Ðåàëüíîå âûïîëíåíèå óòâåðæäåííîé Ïðàâèòåëü-
ñòâîì ÐÔ «Ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé ñòðàòåãèè Ðîññèè íà ïåðèîä
äî 2030 ã.» è ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå âûñîêîìó óðîâíþ äîáû÷è
ÓÂÑ íàïîëíåíèå áþäæåòà.
2. Ðàçâèòèå âûñîêèõ òåõíîëîãèé â íåôòÿíîé îòðàñëè.
3. Ñîçäàíèå èíòåãðèðîâàííîé ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ
ðàçðàáîòêîé ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íà îñíîâå ïîñòîÿííî äåéñòâó-
þùèõ ãåîëîãî-òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé.
4. Ïîâûøåíèå óðîâíÿ ïðîôåññèîíàëèçìà è êâàëèôè-
êàöèè øèðîêîãî êðóãà ñïåöèàëèñòîâ.
Íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëÿì:
1. Ñîçäàíèå äåéñòâèòåëüíî àäåêâàòíûõ, ïðèáëèæåííûõ
ê ðåàëüíûì ôèçèêî-ãåîëîãè÷åñêèì óñëîâèÿì îáúåêòîâ ýê-
ñïëóàòàöèè ãåîëîãî-ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé äàåò âîç-
ìîæíîñòü ñ âûñîêîé ýôôåêòèâíîñòüþ èñïîëüçîâàòü èõ íà
ðàçëè÷íûõ óðîâíÿõ îðãàíèçàöèè ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïî âñåé òåõ-
íîëîãè÷åñêîé öåïî÷êå äîáû÷è ÓÂÑ.  ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû àê-
òèâíî ðåêëàìèðóåòñÿ íîâûé îòå÷åñòâåííûé ñèìóëÿòîð
tNavigator – ôëàãìàíñêèé ïðîäóêò êîìïàíèè Rock Flow
Dynamics (Ýéäèíîâ, 2011). Ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèé èíòåðôåéñ
ïðîãðàììíîãî ïàêåòà tNavigato, ïîçâîëÿåò îñóùåñòâëÿòü
ïðèíöèïèàëüíî íîâûé ïîäõîä ê ïîñòðîåíèþ è èñïîëüçîâà-
íèþ ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé è ïðåäîñòàâëÿåò âîçìîæ-
íîñòè ïî óïðàâëåíèþ ðàñ÷åòîì è àíàëèçó äàííûõ. Ïðèíöè-
ïèàëüíûì íîâîââåäåíèåì ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàáîð èíñòðóìåíòîâ äëÿ
ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ãåîëîãî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé è îïòè-
ìèçàöèè ñèñòåìû ïîääåðæàíèÿ ïëàñòîâîãî äàâëåíèÿ.
2. Ïîâûøåíèå ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïëàíèðóåìûõ ãåîëîãî-
òåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé íà îñíîâå àêòóàëèçàöèè àäåê-
âàòíûõ äåéñòâóþùèõ ìîäåëåé è ñîçäàííîé íà èõ îñíîâå
èíòåãðèðîâàííîé àíàëèòè÷åñêîé ñðåäû. Ñòîèìîñòü æå
ïîñòðîåíèÿ àäåêâàòíûõ ìîäåëåé íåñîïîñòàâèìà ñ òåìè
çàòðàòàìè, êîòîðûå íåñåò íåäðîïîëüçîâàòåëü â ïðîöåññå
îñâîåíèÿ ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ èëè âíåäðåíèÿ íîâîé òåõíîëî-
ãèè äîáû÷è íåôòè (Äàâûäîâ, 2012á).
3. Ó÷àñòèå â ñîçäàíèè íîâåéøèõ òåõíîëîãèé ðàçðàáîòêè
ìåñòîðîæäåíèé è ïîâûøåíèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è íà ìåñòîðîæ-
äåíèÿõ ñ ÒÈÇÍ ïîäíèìåò êâàëèôèêàöèþ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ íåô-
òåäîáûâàþùèõ è ñåðâèñíûõ êîìïàíèé íà íîâûé óðîâåíü.
Ðåàëèçàöèè èííîâàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèé ïðè ðàçðàáîò-
êå òðóäíîèçâëåêàåìûõ çàïàñîâ, êîòîðûå â íàñòîÿùèé ïå-
ðèîä ñëóæàò îñíîâíûì ðåçåðâîì ðàçâèòèÿ íåôòÿíîé îò-
ðàñëè Ðîññèè – ýòî, âî-ïåðâûõ, «ìàÿêè» äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïðî-
ðûâîâ â äåëå ñóùåñòâåííîãî ïîâûøåíèÿ íåôòåîòäà÷è è
ðåñóðñíîé áàçû ñòðàíû â öåëîì; âî-âòîðûõ, ñâîåãî ðîäà
ëîêîìîòèâ, êîòîðûé ïîçâîëèò ïîäíÿòüñÿ íà áîëåå âûñî-
êèé óðîâåíü ðàçâèòèÿ çíàíèé â îáëàñòè ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ
è ïðèêëàäíûõ íàóê è òåõíîëîãèé.
Ëèòåðàòóðà
Àáäóëìàçèòîâ Ð.Ã., Ñàòòàðîâ Ð.Ç., Íàñûáóëëèí À.Â. Îöåíêà
âëèÿíèÿ òåõíîãåííîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà êîëëåêòîðñêèå ñâîéñòâà ïëà-
ñòà. Íåôòÿíîå õîçÿéñòâî. 2008. ¹1. Ñ.62-64.
Áåëîíèí Ì.Ä. Êîëè÷åñòâåííûå ìåòîäû ðåãèîíàëüíîãî è ëî-
16 1(56) 2014
êàëüíîãî ïðîãíîçà íåôòåãàçîíîñíîñòè: Äèññ. … ä.ãåîë.-ìèí.í. ÑÏá:
ÂÍÈÃÐÈ.1997. 103 ñ.
Áèëèáèí Ñ.È., Äüÿêîíîâà Ò.Ô., Ãàâðèëîâà Å.Â. è äð. Îñîáåí-
íîñòè ñîâðåìåííîãî ïîäõîäà ê ïîäñ÷åòó ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ çàïàñîâ
ìíîãîïëàñòîâûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé íåôòè è ãàçà íà îñíîâå òðåõìåð-
íûõ ìîäåëåé. Íåôòÿíîå õîçÿéñòâî. 2006. ¹10. Ñ.32-36.
Âîëêîâ Þ.À. Ñóòü èííîâàöèîííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ â îðãàíè-
çàöèè îïåðåæàþùèõ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ðàáîò. Íåôòü. Ãàç.
Íîâàöèè. 2012. ¹3. Ñ.17-23.
Âîëêîâ Þ.À., Ñàõèáóëëèí Í.À. Î ðåàëèçàöèè èííîâàöèîííîãî
ïîòåíöèàëà íàó÷íî-âíåäðåí÷åñêîãî íåôòÿíîãî êëàñòåðà Ðåñïóá-
ëèêè Òàòàðñòàí. Ãåîðåñóðñû. 2009. ¹4. Ñ.3-6.
Ãàâóðà Â.Å. Ãåîëîãèÿ è ðàçðàáîòêà íåôòÿíûõ è ãàçîíåôòÿíûõ
ìåñòîðîæäåíèé. Ì.: ÂÍÈÈÎÝÍÃ. 1995. 496 ñ.
Ãèëÿçîâ Ø.ß., Ìóõàìåòøèí Ð.Ç. è äð. Îïûò ðàçðàáîòêè çàëå-
æåé âûñîêîâÿçêîé íåôòè Ìåëåêåññêîé âïàäèíû. Âûñîêîâÿçêèå íå-
ôòè, ïðèðîäíûå áèòóìû è îñòàòî÷íûå íåôòè ðàçðàáàòûâà-
åìûõ ìåñòîðîæäåíèé: Òð. íàó÷.-ïðàêò. êîíô. Ò.I. Êàçàíü: Ýêî-
öåíòð. 1999. Ñ.320-328.
Äàâûäîâ À.Â. Èííîâàöèîííîå ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå – íåîáõîäè-
ìîñòü èëè äàíü ìîäå? Íåôòü. Ãàç. Íîâàöèè. 2013. ¹1. Ñ.21-27.
Äàâûäîâ À.Â. Ïîâûøåíèå êà÷åñòâà ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ðàçðàáîò-
êè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé óãëåâîäîðîäíîãî ñûðüÿ – îñíîâíàÿ çàäà÷à â
ñîâðåìåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ. Íåôòü. Ãàç. Íîâàöèè. 2012à. ¹3. Ñ.6-7.
Äàâûäîâ À.Â. Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ è ïðîåê-
òèðîâàíèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåñòîðîæäåíèé óãëåâîäîðîäîâ. Ðåàëüíîñòü
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íûõ çàëåæåé, çàëåæåé âûñîêîâÿçêîé íåôòè è íåôòÿíûõ îòîðî÷åê.
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Ìóñëèìîâ Ð.Õ. Î ñòàíäàðòå èííîâàöèîííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ
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Ìóñëèìîâ Ð.Õ. Ïðîáëåìû ìîäåðíèçàöèè è ðàçâèòèÿ èííîâà-
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Ìóñëèìîâ Ð.Õ. Ïðîáëåìû èííîâàöèîííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ
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Ìóñëèìîâ Ð.Õ. Ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ãåîëîãè÷åñêîãî èçó÷åíèÿ
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Ìóõàìåòøèí Ð.Ç. Îïûòíûå ó÷àñòêè Ìèííèáàåâñêîé ïëîùàäè:
ðåçóëüòàòû ñåðèè ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ ïî îöåíêå íåôòåâûòåñíÿþùèõ
ñâîéñòâ îáû÷íîé è çàãóùåííîé âîäû. «Ïîâûøåíèå íåôòåîòäà÷è
ïëàñòîâ íà ïîçäíåé ñòàäèè ðàçðàáîòêè íåôòÿíûõ ìåñòîðîæ-
äåíèé è êîìïëåêñíîå îñâîåíèå âûñîêîâÿçêèõ íåôòåé è ïðèðîä-
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ïîâûøåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ ãåîëîãîðàçâåäêè è
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Ìóõàìåòøèí Ð.Ç., Èáàòóëëèí Ð.Ð., Õóñàèíîâ Â.Ì. Îñíîâíûå
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ìåñòîðîæäåíèé è êîìïëåêñíîå îñâîåíèå âûñîêîâÿçêèõ íåôòåé
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Ìóõàìåòøèí Ð.Ç., Êðèíàðè Ã.À. Ïàëåîâóëêàíèçì è ïðîöåññû
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äû ÁåëÍÈÏÈíåôòü. Ãîìåëü. Âûï. 3. 1999. Ñ.13-26.
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ýôôåêòèâíîñòè âòîðè÷íûõ è òðåòè÷íûõ ÌÓÍ íà çàëåæàõ âÿçêîé íå-
ôòè ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì îïûòíûõ ðàáîò. «Íîâåéøèå ìåòîäû óâåëè÷åíèÿ
íåôòåîòäà÷è ïëàñòîâ – òåîðèÿ è ïðàêòèêà èõ ïðèìåíåíèÿ». Òð
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Unresolved Problems and Solved Tasks of Innovative Reservoir Engineering
R.Z. Mukhametshin
Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, geoeng111@yandex.ru
Abstract. The current state of oil fields development engineering
on the basis of geological and hydrodynamic modeling is considered
in this paper. Article features reasons of models inadequacy to real
geological and physical conditions of productive formations and, as
a consequence, low quality of oil production forecast, which
determines a short «inter-project» period. Necessity of innovative
engineering with introduction of new EOR in connection with the
development of reserves difficult to recover is justified. The
advisability of reforming the educational process and sectoral science
financing to create high-tech innovation projects is emphasized.
Tasks are designated to harmonize relations between the state and
subsoil users, without which priorities of «Energy Strategy of Russia
for the period up to 2030» are unlikely to be implemented.
Keywords: reserves difficult to recover, oil recovery factor,
innovative reservoir engineering, geological and hydrodynamic model,
methods of enhanced oil recovery.
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results of a series of experiments to assess the oil-saturated properties
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na pozdney stadii razrabotki neftyanykh mestorozhdeniy i kompleksnoe
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Mukhametshin R.Z., Bogatov V.I., Borovskiy M.Ya. The first
experience of the experimental gravimetric measurements in
preparation for oil fields exploitation (for example, Chegodayskoe
18 1(56) 2014
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sovremennykh geofizicheskikh tekhnologiy dlya povysheniya
effektivnosti resheniya zadach geologorazvedki i razrabotki
mestorozhdeniy poleznykh iskopaemykh: Mater. Mezhd. nauchno-prakt.
Konf. [Problems and prospects of application of modern geophysical
technologies to improve the efficiency of solving the exploration and
development of mineral deposits: Proc. Int. Sci. and Pract. Conf.].
Ufa: “TAU” Publ. 2002. Pp.564-573. (In russian)
Mukhametshin R.Z., Ibatullin R.R., Khusainov V.M. The main
results of experiments to evaluate enhanced oil recovery methods
(Zelenogorsk area with fiberglass casing). Povyshenie nefteotdachi
plastov na pozdney stadii razrabotki neftyanykh mestorozhdeniy i
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Mukhametshin R.Z., Krinari G.A. Paleovulkanizm i protsessy
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of the effectiveness of secondary and tertiary enhanced oil recovery
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Petrova L.M., Mukhametshin R.Z., Yusupova T.N. et al.
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mestorozhdeniy. Prioritetnye metody uvelicheniya nefteotdachi
plastov i rol’ supertekhnologiy [The state of residual oils of long-
developed fields. Priority enhanced oil recovery methods and role of
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Yakimov A.S., Akhmetzyanov R.Kh., Mukhametshin R.Z. By the
development of viscous oil deposits in carbonate reservoirs
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Information about authors
Rustam Z. Mukhametshin – Dr. Sci. (Geol.-Min.), Associate
Professor of Department of oil and gas geology, Expert of the State
Committee for Mineral Reserves of Russia.
Kazan (Volga region) Federal university. 420008, Kazan, Russia,
Kremlevskaya str., 18. Tel: +7(843) 233-79-82.