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I. Summary

A. The Coming of the Great War

By1914 diplomatic tensions had escalated steadily among the major

European powers. Colonial rivalries and arms races had led to the formation,
beginning in the 1890s, of two increasingly hostile alliances. Each of the
alliances was anchored on secret treaties that committed those who joined to
come to each other’s assistance in case of attack by an outside rival power.
The participants in each alliance also made plans to coordinate both military
preparations and operations should war break out.

B. A World at War

Part of the reason European leaders let their nations into war in 1914 was
that most of them expected the conflict to be brief and decisive. They saw a
war between the European powers as away to break the logjam of tension and
unresolved disputes built up by decades of confrontations between the two
alliance systems. Many were also convinced that because the economics of
the industrial powers, particularly Britain and Germany, were so
independent, Europe could simply not remain at war for more that several
months or at best a year.

C. Failed Peace

The widespread bitterness evoked by unprecedented cost in lives and

destruction of the war was redoubled by the utter failure of the peace
conference convened by the victorious allies at Versailles. The Germans’
willingness to negotiate an armistice owed much to their faith in Woodrow
Wilson’s frequent promises that he would seek a peace that was not aimed at
punishing the defeated powers but focused on establishing a viable new world
order in which such a war could never again occur.

D. World War I and the Nationalist Assault on the European Colonial Order

Four long years of intra-European slaughter severely disrupted the systems of

colonial domination that had been expanded and refined in the century
leading up to World War I. The conflict also gave great impetus to the forces
of resistance that had begun to well up in the decades before the war.
Although the actual process of decolonization would occur in most areas only
after a second global conflict two decades later, World War I enhanced the
 standing of nationalist leaders, such as Gandhi, in major ways. The demands
placed on colonized peoples during the war also contributed to popular
dissatisfaction with Western domination and widespread protest in a number
of colonies during and after the conflict.

II. Chapter Review

A. What moves toward internationalism preceded World War I?
B. What long term causes led to World War I?
C. How was World War I fought that made it different from previous wars?
D. How did World War I change Western governments and societies
E. Why would any conflict between European nations involve the world?
F. How did World War I end?

III. Vocabulary
A. Internationalization
B. World Court
C. Submarine Warfare
D. Balfour Declaration
E. League of Nations
F. Archduke Ferdinand
G. Western front
H. Effendi

IV. Multiple Choice Questions

1. The immediate cause for the outbreak of World War I was

A. nationalist tensions
B. a naval race between Germany and Great Britain
C. colonial disputes over Morocco
D. conflicting alliances
E. the Industrial Revolution

2. The influence of technology on modern warfare is demonstrated

by all of these developments in World War I EXCEPT:
A. submarines
B. airplanes and aerial warfare
C. the destructive power of artillery and machine guns
D. mechanized warfare as demonstrated during the Blitzkrieg
E. poisonous gases and barbed wire

3. Which of the following statements about the effects of World

War I and the Great Depression on world governments is a
FACT?
A. Both made governments more responsive to the needs of
the governed
 B. Both made it easier for the military to dominate the
government
C. Both supported the rise of totalitarian dictatorships
D. Both encouraged the growth of democracy and
representative governments
E. Both led to the unprecedented growth of governments and
their intervention in society.

4. It was inevitable the conflict in Europe would become a world

war because
A. Great Britain and France had existing alliances with Japan
and the U.S.
B. The European combatants had colonies and forces around
the world
C. Germany attacked China and Japan
D. Germany had alliances with Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico
E. The U.S. government was heavily invested in Germany
industry and protected its ally

5. The biggest battles outside of Europe during World War I

occurred in
A. African colonies of Europe
B. East Asia where Japan and China fought each other
C. The Middle East where the Turks fought Britain, Russia,
and France
D. The Pacific where Germany and Japan fought for control of
many islands
E. Latin America where Mexico invaded the United States

6. The Immediate Result of World War I was the

A. rise of the United States as a great power
B. beginning of European decolonization
C. rise of Japan to great power status
D. Great Depression
E. Collapse of all European empires

7. The principle Woodrow Wilson that influenced future

decolonization was
A. immediate independence for all colonies
B. evacuation of all occupied territories
C. popular self-determination
D. reparations for war damage
E. the League of Nations

8. The Indian Congress Party

A. was composed primarily of peasants and Muslim holy men
 B. from the outset took part in acts of violence against the
British Raj.
C. Included only Hindus
D. Was initially loyal to the British rulers and primarily
concerned with interests of the Indian elite
E. Was a radical faction devoted to the ousting of British rule
by any means needed

9. Which of the following statements concerning British

administration of India in the last decades of the nineteenth
century is most accurate?
A. the British demilitarization of India cause substantial
unemployment, particularly in Punjab
B. the enlightened British policy, begun in the 1880s, of
fostering Indian industrialization through tariffs on
imported British goods began to improve the Indian
economy
C. British emphasis on the production of cash crops such as
jute, cotton, and indigo led to shortages of food production
in India
D. Indian economic dependency on Britain was beginning to
end, as more of the steel for the production of railways was
produced on the subcontinent.
E. India never had a strict dependency on the British.

10. Who was the first Indian leader with a genuine mass following?
A. J. Nehru
B. M. K. Gandhi
C. M.A. Jinnah
D. B.G. Tilak
E. C.J. Bodisramda

Multiple Choice Answers

1. A
2. D
3. E
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. D