Dike Failure by Tank Failure, Appendix A

APPENDIX 1
43
Table 1.1 HSE test matrix
CIRCULAR BUND CONFIGURATIONS

(3 values of R/H, 7 values of h/H and 4 values of Vtot/Vtank)
All dimensions in mm
Tests have R = 300 mm and maximum r < 2000 mm; vertical bund only
A. Tall Tank
R 300 H 600 R/H 0.5
Radius of bund (in mm) for different values of h (in mm) and Vtot/Vtank
h/H h Vtot/Vtank
1.1 1.2 1.5 2
0.05 30 1407 1470 1643 1897
0.1 60 995 1039 1162 1342
0.2 120 704 735 822 949
0.3 180 574 600 671 775
0.4 240 497 520 581 671
Vtot/Vtank for different values of h and r (in mm)
h/H h r
315 330 360 390
1 600 1.10 1.21 1.44 1.69
1.2 720 1.32 1.45 1.73 2.03
B. "Middle" Tank
R 300 H 300 R/H 1
h/H h Vtot/Vtank
1.1 1.2 1.5 2
0.05 15 1407 1470 1643 1897
0.1 30 995 1039 1162 1342
0.2 60 704 735 822 949
0.3 90 574 600 671 775
0.4 120 497 520 581 671
h/H h r
315 330 360 390
1 300 1.10 1.21 1.44 1.69
1.2 360 1.32 1.45 1.73 2.03
44
C. Squat Tank
R 300 H 120 R/H 2.5
h/H h Vtot/Vtank
1.1 1.2 1.5 2
0.05 6 1407 1470 1643 1897
0.1 12 995 1039 1162 1342
0.2 24 704 735 822 949
0.3 36 574 600 671 775
0.4 48 497 520 581 671
h/H h r
315 330 360 390
1 120 1.10 1.21 1.44 1.69
1.2 144 1.32 1.45 1.73 2.03
TOTAL NUMBER OF TESTS REQUIRED = 84 (PLUS REPEATABILITY CHECKS)
RECTANGULAR BUND CONFIGURATIONS
All dimensions in mm
Tests have R = 300 mm and vertical bund only
A. Tall Tank
R 300 H 600 h 120
Wall No Geometry type y rc z d
1 Triangular (tri) 882 Na 582 624

2 Square (squ) 624 12 324 582
3 Rectangular (rect) 441 12 141 686
B. "Middle" Tank
R 300 H 300 h 60

5 Square (squ) 624 12 324 582
45
C. Squat Tank
R 300 H 120 h 12

8 Square (squ) 882 12 582 947
TOTAL NUMBER OF TESTS REQUIRED = 9 (PLUS REPEATABILITY CHECKS)
46
Table 1.2 Test configuration identities
CIRCULAR BUND CONFIGURATIONS
Test Tank height, Bund radius, Bund height, Dynamic Bund probe
configuration H r h sensor length
id (mm) (mm) (mm) gain (mm)
A1(h120) 120 315 120 10 950

A1(h144) 120 315 144
A1(h300) 300 315 300
A1(h360) 300 315 360
A1(h600) 600 315 600
A1(h720) 600 315 720
A2(h120) 120 330 120 10 950

A2(h144) 120 330 144
A2(h300) 300 330 300
A2(h360) 300 330 360
A2(h600) 600 330 600
A2(h720) 600 330 720
A3(h120) 120 360 120 10 950

A3(h144) 120 360 144
A3(h300) 300 360 300
A3(h360) 300 360 360
A3(h600) 600 360 600
A3(h720) 600 360 720
A4(h120) 120 390 120 10 950

A4(h144) 120 390 144
A4(h300) 300 390 300
A4(h360) 300 390 360
A4(h600) 600 390 600
A4(h720) 600 390 720
B1(h48) 120 497 48 10 950

B1(h120) 300 497 120
B1(h240) 600 497 240
B2(h48) 120 520 48 10 950

B2(h120) 300 520 120
B2(h240) 600 520 240
C1(h36) 120 574 36 100 950

C1(h90) 300 574 90
C1(h180) 600 574 180
47
B3(h48) 120 581 48 10 950

B3(h120) 300 581 120
B3(h240) 600 581 240
C2(h36) 120 600 36 100 950

C2(h90) 300 600 90
C2(h180) 600 600 180
B4(h48) 120 671 48 100 950

B4(h120) 300 671 120
B4(h240) 600 671 240
C3(h36) 120 671 36 100 950

C3(h90) 300 671 90
C3(h180) 600 671 180
D1(h24) 120 704 24 100 950

D1(h60) 300 704 60
D1(h120) 600 704 120
D2(h24) 120 735 24 100 950

D2(h60) 300 735 60
D2(h120) 600 735 120
C4(h36) 120 775 36 100 950

C4(h90) 300 775 90
C4(h180) 600 775 180
D3(h24) 120 822 24 100 950

D3(h60) 300 822 60
D3(h120) 600 822 120
D4(h24) 120 949 24 10 950

D4(h60) 300 949 60
D4(h120) 600 949 120
E1(h12) 120 995 12 100 475

E1(h30) 300 995 30
E1(h60) 600 995 60
48
E2(h12) 120 1039 12 100 475

E2(h30) 300 1039 30
E2(h60) 600 1039 60
E3(h12) 120 1162 12 100 475

E3(h30) 300 1162 30
E3(h60) 600 1162 60
E4(h12) 120 1342 12 100 475

E4(h30) 300 1342 30
E4(h60) 600 1342 60
F1(h6) 120 1407 6 200 475

F1(h15) 300 1407 15
F1(h30) 600 1407 30
F2(h6) 120 1470 6 200 475

F2(h15) 300 1470 15
F2(h30) 600 1470 30
F3(h6) 120 1643 6 200 475

F3(h15) 300 1643 15
F3(h30) 600 1643 30
F4(h6) 120 1897 6 200 475

F4(h15) 300 1897 15
F4(h30) 600 1897 30
RECTANGULAR BUND CONFIGURATIONS
Test Tank height, Bund height, Multiple of length, Dynamic Bund probe
configuration H h y sensor length
Wall 1 (tri) 600 120 882 10 950

Wall 2 (squ) 600 120 624
Wall 3 (rect) 600 120 441
Wall 4 (tri) 300 60 882 100 950

Wall 5 (squ) 300 60 624
Wall 6 (rect) 300 60 441
Wall 7 (tri) 120 12 1247 200 475

Wall 8 (squ) 120 12 882
Wall 9 (rect) 120 12 624
49
Table 1.3 Dynamic pressure sensor positions
Bund height Sensor positions Sensor position

(mm) (% from base) (mm from base)
6 75 4.5
12 40 4.8
50 6
60 7.2
70 8.4
80 9.6
15 30 4.5
50 7.5
70 10.5
80 12
90 13.5
24 20 4.8
30 7.2
50 12
70 16.8
90 21.6
30 20 6
30 9
50 15
70 21
90 27
36 20 7.2
30 10.8
50 18
70 25.2
90 32.4
48 10 4.8
30 14.4
50 24
70 33.6
90 43.2
60 10 6
30 18
50 30
70 42
90 54
90 10 9
30 27
50 45
70 63
90 81
50
Bund height Sensor positions Sensor position
(mm) (% from base) (mm from base)
120 10 12
30 36
50 60
70 84
90 108
144 10 14.4
30 43.2
50 72
70 100.8
90 129.6
180 10 18
30 54
50 90
70 126
90 162
240 10 24
30 72
50 120
70 168
90 216
300 10 30
30 90
50 150
70 210
90 270
360 10 36
30 108
50 180
70 252
90 324
600 10 60
30 180
50 300
70 420
90 540
720 10 72
30 216
50 360
70 504
90 648
51
APPENDIX 2
52
Table 2.1 Repeatability checks for overtopping
Date 13/01/2004 Pipe & valve adjustment (kg) 0.40

Test configuration id B1(h120)
Series id Temp Mass retained Mass overtopping Overtopping
(°C) (kg) (kg) (Ratio)
1 14.4 15.58 5.83 0.28

2 14.0 15.62 5.94 0.28
3 13.9 15.63 5.73 0.27
4 13.7 15.41 5.79 0.28
5 13.9 15.66 5.59 0.27
6 14.0 15.58 5.75 0.27
7 13.9 15.61 5.74 0.27
8 13.7 15.79 5.60 0.27
9 13.4 15.69 5.69 0.27
10 13.4 15.63 5.61 0.27
11 18.2 15.56 5.62 0.27
12 17.5 15.49 5.91 0.28
13 17.4 15.65 5.67 0.27
14 17.1 15.53 5.86 0.28
15 16.9 15.67 5.85 0.28
16 16.7 15.83 5.71 0.27
17 16.8 15.56 5.92 0.28
18 16.9 15.5 5.8 0.28
19 16.9 15.45 5.93 0.28
20 16.8 15.68 5.69 0.27
21 17.8 15.69 5.56 0.27
22 17.7 15.67 5.68 0.27
23 17.5 15.47 5.78 0.28
24 17.4 15.44 5.84 0.28
25 17.4 15.52 5.8 0.28
26 16.9 15.46 5.85 0.28
27 18.2 15.59 5.58 0.27
28 17.9 15.55 5.73 0.27
29 17.6 15.64 5.68 0.27
30 17.5 15.47 5.82 0.28
Mean 16.18 15.59 5.75 0.27

Sample S.D. 1.73948 0.10242 0.11102 0.00475
Max overtopping 0.28
53
TABLE 2.2 First wave overtopping
Date 13/01/2004 Pipe & valve adjustment (kg) 0.40

Test configuration id B1(h120)
Series id Temp Mass retained Mass overtopping Overtopping Percentage of total
(°C) (kg) (kg) (Ratio) (%)
1 14.6 15.91 5.29 0.25 92.6

2 14.7 16.31 4.89 0.24 85.6
3 14.7 15.85 5.41 0.26 94.4
4 14.5 15.81 5.42 0.26 94.7
5 14.4 15.64 5.61 0.27 98.0
6 14.2 15.75 5.42 0.26 95.0
7 13.8 15.84 5.36 0.26 93.8
8 13.9 15.84 5.35 0.26 93.7
9 13.7 15.73 5.62 0.27 97.7
10 13.7 15.88 5.33 0.26 93.2
Mean 14.22 15.86 5.37 0.26 93.9

sample S.D. 0.41312 0.17828 0.20155 0.00934 3.39985
Max overtopping 0.27
54
APPENDIX 3
55
Table 3.1 Series results for configuration identity A1 (h120)
Configuration series M bund M slosh temp M bund correction V bund V slosh Overtopping
3 3
identity identity (kg) (kg) (°C) (kg) (m ) (m ) fraction
A1(h120) A 8.57 0.02 19.3 0.4 0.03268 0.00008 0.0024

B 8.59 0.06 19.5 0.03276 0.00024 0.0073
C 8.60 0.08 19.4 0.03280 0.00032 0.0097
D 8.62 0.09 19.3 0.03288 0.00036 0.0108
E 8.58 0.07 19.2 0.03272 0.00028 0.0085
Max 8.62 0.09 19.5 0.03288 0.00036 0.0108

Min 8.57 0.02 19.2 0.03268 0.00008 0.0024
Mean 8.59 0.06 19.3 0.03277 0.00026 0.0077
Sample sd 0.01924 0.02702 0.1140 0.00007694 0.00010807 0.0032437
Height from base Series dynamic pressures (Pa) Max dynamic pressure
(% ) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1046 843 998 785 814 1046

30 792 628 792 847 819
50 460 460 632 603 574
70 374 345 317 288 288
90 109 109 137 109 0
Table 3.2 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity A1 (h120)
Configuration Test Series Tank radius, R Tank fluid depth, H Bund radius, r Bund height, h
identity identity (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
A1(h120) A 300 120 315 120
Estimated dynamic Estimated Wave Equivalent wave Max integral Equivalent integral
base pressure intercept height intercept pressure wave height wave pressure
(Pa) (mm) (Pa) (mm) (Pa)
1174 94 924 177 1732
Height from Static Dynamic Local Local

base pressure pressure difference dynamic/static
(% ) (Pa) (Pa) (Pa) ratio
0 1177 1174 -4 1.00

10 1059 1046 -13 0.99
30 824 792 -32 0.96
50 589 460 -129 0.78
70 353 374 21 1.06
90 118 109 -8 0.93
100 0
Release time Impact time Time taken Impact Velocity

(sec) (sec) (sec) (m/s)
Na Na Na Na
56
Chart 3.1 Plot of dynamic pressures and wave heights for
configuration identity A1 (h120)
Plot of pressure & fluid depth against time
1100 200
Bund
180
10%
900
160
30%
Tank 140
700
120
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
100
500
50% 80
60
300
70% 40
90%
20
100
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-100 -20
Time (sec)
10% from base 30% from base 50% from base 70% from base 90% from base Tank depth Bund depth
Chart 3.2 Plot of static and dynamic pressures for

Plot of pressure against % height
1400
1200
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
3 2
y = -0.0003x + 0.0714x - 16.038x + 1186.4
2
R = 0.9893
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
Static pressure Dynamic pressure Poly. (Dynamic pressure)
57
3 3
A1(h144) A 8.65 0.02 18.4 0.4 0.03300 0.00008 0.0024

B 8.62 0.01 19.4 0.03288 0.00004 0.0012
C 8.63 0.03 20.3 0.03292 0.00012 0.0036
D 8.64 0.03 19.8 0.03296 0.00012 0.0036
E 8.65 0.03 19.5 0.03300 0.00012 0.0036
Max 8.65 0.03 20.3 0.03300 0.00012 0.0036

Min 8.62 0.01 18.4 0.03288 0.00004 0.0012
Mean 8.64 0.02 19.5 0.03295 0.00010 0.0029
Sample sd 0.01304 0.00894 0.6979 0.00005215 0.00003578 0.0010792
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 872 930 901 814 1017 1017

30 655 710 683 710 737
50 373 373 345 402 402
70 173 115 115 202 144
90 82 55 164 109 164
A1(h144) E 300 120 315 144
1157 82 804 96 946

(%) (Pa) (Pa) (Pa) ratio
0 1413 1157 -255 0.82

10 1271 1017 -254 0.80
30 989 737 -252 0.75
50 706 402 -304 0.57
70 424 144 -280 0.34
90 141 164 23 1.16
100 0

Na Na Na Na
58
1100 180
10% 160
900
140
Tank
30% 120
700
Fluid depth (mm)

100
Pressure (Pa)
500 80
Bund
50% 60
300
40
70% 90% 20
100
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

-100 -20
Time (sec)

1600
1400
1200
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
3 2
y = 0.0027x - 0.2764x - 8.0372x + 1145.1
2
R = 0.9989
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
59
3 3
A1(h300) A 20.73 0.22 20.1 0.4 0.08132 0.00088 0.0107

B 20.81 0.21 20.1 0.08164 0.00084 0.0102
C 20.90 0.19 19.4 0.08200 0.00076 0.0092
D 20.97 0.24 18.3 0.08228 0.00096 0.0115
E 21.05 0.23 17.8 0.08260 0.00092 0.0110
Max 21.05 0.24 20.1 0.08260 0.00096 0.0115

Min 20.73 0.19 17.8 0.08132 0.00076 0.0092
Mean 20.89 0.22 19.1 0.08197 0.00087 0.0105
Sample sd 0.12657 0.01924 1.0502 0.00050628 0.00007694 0.0008952
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2267 2354 2296 2384 2384 2384

30 1775 1639 1666 1639 1502
50 1120 1177 1177 1264 1264
70 432 720 605 605 518
90 137 109 191 191 191
A1(h300) D 300 300 315 300
2756 224 2194 227 2223

0 2943 2756 -187 0.94

10 2649 2384 -265 0.90
30 2060 1639 -422 0.80
50 1472 1264 -208 0.86
70 883 605 -278 0.68
90 294 191 -103 0.65
100 0

Na Na Na Na
60
2500 350
10%
Tank
300
2000
30% 250
1500
50% 200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1000 150
Bund
100
70%
500
90% 50
0
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0
-500 -50
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
3 2
y = -0.0013x + 0.2563x - 41.55x + 2756.7
2
R = 0.9959
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
61
3 3
A1(h360) A 20.76 0.12 20.8 0.4 0.08144 0.00048 0.0059

B 20.99 0.16 20.3 0.08236 0.00064 0.0077
C 20.85 0.16 18.6 0.08180 0.00064 0.0078
D 21.00 0.16 17.9 0.08240 0.00064 0.0077
E 21.07 0.15 17.7 0.08268 0.00060 0.0072
Max 21.07 0.16 20.8 0.08268 0.00064 0.0078

Min 20.76 0.12 17.7 0.08144 0.00048 0.0059
Mean 20.93 0.15 19.1 0.08214 0.00060 0.0072
Sample sd 0.12582 0.01732 1.4117 0.00050327 0.00006928 0.0008094
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2180 2122 2267 2296 2267 2296

30 1584 1584 1611 1557 1475
50 862 862 775 862 833
70 288 403 58 144 345
90 82 0 27 109 109
A1(h360) D 300 300 315 360
2666 253 2480 255 2505

0 3532 2666 -865 0.75

10 3178 2296 -882 0.72
30 2472 1557 -916 0.63
50 1766 862 -904 0.49
70 1059 144 -916 0.14
90 353 109 -244 0.31
100 0

Na Na Na Na
62
2500 350
10%
Tank
300
2000
250
30%
1500
200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
Bund
1000 150
50%
100
500
70% 50
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0
90%
-500 -50
Time (sec)

4000
3500
3000
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
3 2
y = 0.0049x - 0.4718x - 25.843x + 2638.6
2
R = 0.9977
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
63
3 3
A1(h600) A 41.41 0.14 18.5 0.4 0.16404 0.00056 0.0034

B 41.61 0.20 17.1 0.16484 0.00080 0.0048
C 41.54 0.27 16.9 0.16456 0.00108 0.0065
D 41.62 0.25 16.5 0.16488 0.00100 0.0060
E 41.68 0.22 16.3 0.16512 0.00088 0.0053
Max 41.68 0.27 18.5 0.16512 0.00108 0.0065

Min 41.41 0.14 16.3 0.16404 0.00056 0.0034
Mean 41.57 0.22 17.1 0.16469 0.00086 0.0052
Sample sd 0.10330 0.05030 0.8649 0.00041318 0.00020120 0.0012049
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 4738 4767 4709 4680 4622 4767

30 3496 3523 3550 3577 3632
50 2814 2384 2585 2355 2211
70 1180 1152 1180 1094 1152
90 246 191 137 -219 -191
A1(h600) B 300 600 315 600
5389 523 5127 718 7042

0 5886 5389 -497 0.92

10 5297 4767 -530 0.90
30 4120 3523 -597 0.86
50 2943 2384 -559 0.81
70 1766 1152 -614 0.65
90 589 191 -397 0.32
100 0

Na Na Na Na
64
800
10%
4500
700
Tank
30% 600
3500
500
Fluid depth (mm)

50%
Pressure (Pa)
2500 400
300
Bund
1500
200
70%
100
500
90% 0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

-500 -100
Time (sec)

7000
6000
5000
4000
Pressure (Pa)
3000
2000
3 2
y = 0.0012x - 0.0848x - 59.669x + 5380.2
2
R = 0.9998
1000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-1000
Height (%)
65
3 3
A1(h720) A 41.40 0.16 19.0 0.4 0.16400 0.00064 0.0039

B 41.57 0.19 17.3 0.16468 0.00076 0.0046
C 41.47 0.20 16.2 0.16428 0.00080 0.0048
D 41.49 0.27 16.8 0.16436 0.00108 0.0065
E 41.60 0.25 16.6 0.16480 0.00100 0.0060
Max 41.60 0.27 19.0 0.16480 0.00108 0.0065

Min 41.40 0.16 16.2 0.16400 0.00064 0.0039
Mean 41.51 0.21 17.2 0.16442 0.00086 0.0052
Sample sd 0.08019 0.04506 1.0918 0.00032075 0.00018022 0.0010803
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 4565 4593 4535 4535 4476 4593

30 3250 3250 3332 3113 3277
50 1694 1781 1694 1867 1694
70 288 288 374 259 230
90 0 137 164 109 164
A1(h720) B 300 600 315 720
5264 495 4859 867 8506

0 7063 5264 -1799 0.75

10 6357 4593 -1764 0.72
30 4944 3250 -1694 0.66
50 3532 1781 -1751 0.50
70 2119 288 -1831 0.14
90 706 137 -570 0.19
100 0

Na Na Na Na
66
1000
10%
4500 900
800
3500 700
Tank 30% Bund
600
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
2500 500
50% 400
1500 300
200
500 100
70% 90%
0
0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
-500 -100
Time (sec)

8000
7000
6000
5000
Pressure (Pa)
4000
3000
2000
3 2
y = 0.0112x - 1.2049x - 38.748x + 5197.8
2
R = 0.9978
1000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
67
3 3
A2(h120) A 8.62 0.12 19.3 0.4 0.03288 0.00048 0.0144

B 8.62 0.13 18.9 0.03288 0.00052 0.0156
C 8.54 0.13 18.9 0.03256 0.00052 0.0157
D 8.55 0.13 18.9 0.03260 0.00052 0.0157
E 8.61 0.14 18.7 0.03284 0.00056 0.0168
Max 8.62 0.14 19.3 0.03288 0.00056 0.0168

Min 8.54 0.12 18.7 0.03256 0.00048 0.0144
Mean 8.59 0.13 18.9 0.03275 0.00052 0.0156
Sample sd 0.03962 0.00707 0.2191 0.00015849 0.00002828 0.0008440
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 872 988 785 785 988 988

30 655 628 655 601 655
50 546 517 488 488 546
70 345 317 259 230 345
90 137 109 109 137 137
A2(h120) B 300 120 330 120
1168 109 1065 240 2355

0 1177 1168 -9 0.99

10 1059 988 -71 0.93
30 824 628 -196 0.76
50 589 517 -72 0.88
70 353 317 -36 0.90
90 118 109 -8 0.93
100 0

0.472 0.492 0.020 3.00
68
300
1100
10% 250
900
200
Bund
700
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
150
Tank 30%
500
100
50%
300
50
70%
90%
100 0
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

-100 -50
Time (sec)

1400
1200
1000
800
Pressure (Pa)
600
400
3 2
y = -0.0019x + 0.3201x - 25.054x + 1180.3
2
R = 0.9957
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-200
Height (%)
69
3 3
A2(h144) A 8.62 0.01 19.9 0.4 0.03288 0.00004 0.0012

B 8.63 0.03 18.8 0.03292 0.00012 0.0036
C 8.66 0.03 18.9 0.03304 0.00012 0.0036
D 8.66 0.03 19.0 0.03304 0.00012 0.0036
E 8.66 0.03 18.8 0.03304 0.00012 0.0036
Max 8.66 0.03 19.9 0.03304 0.00012 0.0036

Min 8.62 0.01 18.8 0.03288 0.00004 0.0012
Mean 8.65 0.03 19.1 0.03298 0.00010 0.0031
Sample sd 0.01949 0.00894 0.4658 0.00007797 0.00003578 0.0010765
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 843 872 930 872 814 930

30 683 655 655 683 683
50 431 402 431 431 488
70 144 173 115 144 173
90 82 55 55 55 82
A2(h144) C 300 120 330 144
1068 108 1063 255 2501

0 1413 1068 -345 0.76

10 1271 930 -341 0.73
30 989 655 -333 0.66
50 706 431 -276 0.61
70 424 115 -309 0.27
90 141 55 -87 0.39
100 0

0.590 0.614 0.024 2.50
70
1000 300
10%
250
800
Bund 200
600
Fluid depth (mm)

30%
Pressure (Pa)
150
Tank 50%
400
100
200
50
70%
0
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
90%
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1600
1400
1200
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
3 2
y = 0.0014x - 0.144x - 9.7835x + 1056
2
R = 0.9951
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
71
3 3
A2(h300) A 20.80 0.44 23.0 0.4 0.08160 0.00176 0.0211

B 20.85 0.39 21.0 0.08180 0.00156 0.0187
C 20.77 0.49 19.1 0.08148 0.00196 0.0235
D 20.81 0.51 19.0 0.08164 0.00204 0.0244
E 20.74 0.58 18.0 0.08136 0.00232 0.0277
Max 20.85 0.58 23.0 0.08180 0.00232 0.0277

Min 20.74 0.39 18.0 0.08136 0.00156 0.0187
Mean 20.79 0.48 20.0 0.08158 0.00193 0.0231
Sample sd 0.04159 0.07190 1.9880 0.00016637 0.00028761 0.0034043
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2325 2354 2296 2354 2325 2354

30 1693 1666 1666 1693 1748
50 1091 1091 862 1149 1120
70 317 317 345 288 288
90 -82 -82 -27 -82 -109
A2(h300) B 300 300 330 300
2699 263 2579 570 5590

0 2943 2699 -244 0.92

10 2649 2354 -294 0.89
30 2060 1666 -394 0.81
50 1472 1091 -380 0.74
70 883 317 -566 0.36
90 294 -82 -376 -0.28
100 0

0.409 0.430 0.021 2.86
72
3000 600
Bund
2500 500
10%
2000 400
30%
Tank
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500 300
1000 200
50%
500 100
70%
0 90% 0
0.35 0.55 0.75 0.95 1.15 1.35
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
3 2
y = 0.0017x - 0.1687x - 29.196x + 2681.6
2
R = 0.9978
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
73
3 3
A2(h360) A 21.09 0.24 20.9 0.4 0.08276 0.00096 0.0115

B 21.04 0.29 20.2 0.08256 0.00116 0.0139
C 21.16 0.21 18.2 0.08304 0.00084 0.0100
D 21.23 0.22 16.5 0.08332 0.00088 0.0105
E 21.20 0.16 16.2 0.08320 0.00064 0.0076
Max 21.23 0.29 20.9 0.08332 0.00116 0.0139

Min 21.04 0.16 16.2 0.08256 0.00064 0.0076
Mean 21.14 0.22 18.4 0.08298 0.00090 0.0107
Sample sd 0.07829 0.04722 2.1201 0.00031318 0.00018889 0.0022628
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2180 2180 2122 2180 2151 2180

30 1475 1584 1420 1311 1311
50 833 862 689 775 718
70 -58 -58 -86 -58 -144
90 55 82 82 109 109
A2(h360) A 300 300 330 360
2533 263 2583 549 5385

0 3532 2533 -999 0.72

10 3178 2180 -998 0.69
30 2472 1475 -997 0.60
50 1766 833 -933 0.47
70 1059 -58 -1117 -0.05
90 353 55 -299 0.15
100 0

0.270 0.296 0.026 2.31
74
3000 600
Bund
2500 500
10%
2000 400
Tank
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500 300
30%
1000 200
50%
500 100
70%
0 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
90%
-500 -100
Time (sec)

4000
3500
3000
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
3 2
y = 0.0067x - 0.7259x - 16.648x + 2483.6
2
R = 0.9913
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
75
3 3
A2(h600) A 41.82 0.56 13.3 0.4 0.16568 0.00224 0.0133

B 41.44 0.42 13.0 0.16416 0.00168 0.0101
C 41.38 0.42 13.7 0.16392 0.00168 0.0101
D 41.38 0.50 14.2 0.16392 0.00200 0.0121
E 41.71 0.48 13.5 0.16524 0.00192 0.0115
Max 41.82 0.56 14.2 0.16568 0.00224 0.0133

Min 41.38 0.42 13.0 0.16392 0.00168 0.0101
Mean 41.55 0.48 13.5 0.16458 0.00190 0.0114
Sample sd 0.20513 0.05899 0.4506 0.00082054 0.00023597 0.0013583
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2238 4796 4796 4157 4476 4796

30 3687 3714 3741 3714 3796
50 2269 2183 2240 1982 2096
70 633 489 691 576 806
90 -55 -219 -109 -382 -437
A2(h600) B 300 600 330 600
5337 530 5203 1118 10963

0 5886 5337 -549 0.91

10 5297 4796 -501 0.91
30 4120 3714 -406 0.90
50 2943 2183 -760 0.74
70 1766 489 -1276 0.28
90 589 -219 -807 -0.37
100 0

0.526 0.545 0.019 3.16
76
1200
10% Bund
4500
1000
30%
3500 800
Tank
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
600
2500
400
50%
1500
200
70%
500
0
90%
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
-500 -200
Time (sec)

7000
6000
5000
4000
Pressure (Pa)
3000
2000
3 2
y = 0.0102x - 1.3738x - 20.579x + 5261.3
2
R = 0.9981
1000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-1000
Height (%)
77
3 3
A2(h720) A 40.95 0.74 16.4 0.4 0.16220 0.00296 0.0179

B 41.18 0.71 14.2 0.16312 0.00284 0.0171
C 41.54 0.59 13.4 0.16456 0.00236 0.0141
D 41.18 0.78 13.2 0.16312 0.00312 0.0188
E 41.16 0.75 13.2 0.16304 0.00300 0.0181
Max 41.54 0.78 16.4 0.16456 0.00312 0.0188

Min 40.95 0.59 13.2 0.16220 0.00236 0.0141
Mean 41.20 0.71 14.1 0.16321 0.00286 0.0172
Sample sd 0.21241 0.07369 1.3609 0.00084966 0.00029475 0.0018106
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 4825 4942 4912 4854 4854 4942

30 3414 3359 3277 3222 3195
50 1696 1637 1608 1637 1637
70 -58 -144 -115 -173 -144
90 0 -137 -191 -109 -355
A2(h720) B 300 600 330 720
5733 526 5163 1089 10683

0 7063 5733 -1330 0.81

10 6357 4942 -1415 0.78
30 4944 3359 -1585 0.68
50 3532 1637 -1895 0.46
70 2119 -144 -2263 -0.07
90 706 -137 -843 -0.19
100 0

0.560 0.578 0.018 3.33
78
5000 1200
10% Bund
1000
4000
30%
800
3000
Fluid depth (mm)

Tank
Pressure (Pa)
600
2000
400
50%
1000
200
0
70%
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
90%
-1000 -200
Time (sec)

8000
7000
6000
5000
Pressure (Pa)
4000
3000
2000
3 2
y = 0.0146x - 1.5725x - 41.888x + 5644.9
2
R = 0.997
1000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-1000
Height (%)
79
3 3
A3(h120) A 8.50 0.24 22.3 0.4 0.03240 0.00096 0.0288

B 8.47 0.23 21.6 0.03228 0.00092 0.0277
C 8.38 0.22 21.0 0.03192 0.00088 0.0268
D 8.39 0.23 20.3 0.03196 0.00092 0.0280
E 8.58 0.22 18.7 0.03272 0.00088 0.0262
Max 8.58 0.24 22.3 0.03272 0.00096 0.0288

Min 8.38 0.22 18.7 0.03192 0.00088 0.0262
Mean 8.46 0.23 20.8 0.03226 0.00091 0.0275
Sample sd 0.08264 0.00837 1.3773 0.00033058 0.00003347 0.0010088
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 901 901 843 581 610 901

30 737 683 655 628 710
50 488 603 546 574 574
70 374 374 374 374 345
90 109 164 109 164 82
A3(h120) A 300 120 360 120
983 102 1000 224 2198

0 1177 983 -194 0.84

10 1059 901 -158 0.85
30 824 737 -87 0.89
50 589 488 -100 0.83
70 353 374 21 1.06
90 118 109 -8 0.93
100 0

0.485 0.550 0.065 1.85
80
1000 250
Bund
800 200
10%
30%
600 150
Fluid depth (mm)

Tank
Pressure (Pa)
50%
400 100
200 50
0
70% 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
90%
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1400
1200
1000
800
Pressure (Pa)
600
3 2
y = -0.0003x + 0.0237x - 9.6097x + 989.66
2
R = 0.9929
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-200
Height (%)
81
3 3
A3(h144) A 8.62 0.08 16.6 0.4 0.03288 0.00032 0.0096

B 8.61 0.10 16.1 0.03284 0.00040 0.0120
C 8.61 0.06 15.8 0.03284 0.00024 0.0073
D 8.78 0.15 15.6 0.03352 0.00060 0.0176
E 8.54 0.09 15.6 0.03256 0.00036 0.0109
Max 8.78 0.15 16.6 0.03352 0.00060 0.0176

Min 8.54 0.06 15.6 0.03256 0.00024 0.0073
Mean 8.63 0.10 15.9 0.03293 0.00038 0.0115
Sample sd 0.08871 0.03362 0.4219 0.00035485 0.00013446 0.0038443
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 843 814 843 901 872 901

30 683 628 655 683 628
50 460 460 517 460 402
70 259 259 288 288 259
90 27 27 55 0 27
A3(h144) D 300 120 360 144
1010 98 959 185 1812

0 1413 1010 -402 0.72

10 1271 901 -370 0.71
30 989 683 -306 0.69
50 706 460 -247 0.65
70 424 288 -136 0.68
90 141 0 -141 0.00
100 0

0.518 0.595 0.077 1.56
82
1000 200
Bund
800
150
10%
Tank
600
30%
Fluid depth (mm)

100
Pressure (Pa)
400
50% 50
200
70%
0
0
90%
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1600
1400
1200
1000
800
Pressure (Pa)
600
400 3 2
y = -0.0007x + 0.0908x - 13.391x + 1017
2
R = 0.9986
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-200
-400
Height (%)
83
3 3
A3(h300) A 20.24 0.97 18.2 0.4 0.07936 0.00388 0.0466

B 20.30 1.05 16.8 0.07960 0.00420 0.0501
C 20.36 1.00 14.3 0.07984 0.00400 0.0477
D 20.52 0.78 13.6 0.08048 0.00312 0.0373
E 20.67 0.69 12.9 0.08108 0.00276 0.0329
Max 20.67 1.05 18.2 0.08108 0.00420 0.0501

Min 20.24 0.69 12.9 0.07936 0.00276 0.0329
Mean 20.42 0.90 15.2 0.08007 0.00359 0.0429
Sample sd 0.17527 0.15482 2.2479 0.00070108 0.00061929 0.0074122
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2238 2296 2296 2267 2296 2296

30 1502 1475 1502 1502 1529
50 603 632 546 546 460
70 -29 -115 -29 -86 -144
90 0 -27 0 0 -82
A3(h300) B 300 300 360 300
2707 232 2273 535 5253

0 2943 2707 -236 0.92

10 2649 2296 -352 0.87
30 2060 1475 -585 0.72
50 1472 632 -840 0.43
70 883 -115 -998 -0.13
90 294 -27 -322 -0.09
100 0

0.210 0.272 0.062 1.94
84
2500 600
10%
Bund 500
2000
400
1500
Fluid depth (mm)

Tank 30%
Pressure (Pa)
300
1000
200
50%
500
100
70%
0
0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
90%
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
3 2
y = 0.0068x - 0.6589x - 26.337x + 2673.7
2
R = 0.9982
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
85
3 3
A3(h360) A 20.38 0.80 19.1 0.4 0.07992 0.00320 0.0385

B 20.62 0.71 16.4 0.08088 0.00284 0.0339
C 20.77 0.66 15.2 0.08148 0.00264 0.0314
D 20.50 0.81 14.7 0.08040 0.00324 0.0387
E 20.50 0.79 13.9 0.08040 0.00316 0.0378
Max 20.77 0.81 19.1 0.08148 0.00324 0.0387

Min 20.38 0.66 13.9 0.07992 0.00264 0.0314
Mean 20.55 0.75 15.9 0.08062 0.00302 0.0361
Sample sd 0.14758 0.06580 2.0256 0.00059032 0.00026321 0.0032649
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2209 2209 2296 2325 2093 2325

30 1284 1229 1284 1284 1256
50 431 431 488 373 345
70 115 29 29 86 58
90 27 55 27 137 0
A3(h360) D 300 300 360 360
2846 209 2048 422 4141

0 3532 2846 -685 0.81

10 3178 2325 -853 0.73
30 2472 1284 -1189 0.52
50 1766 373 -1392 0.21
70 1059 86 -973 0.08
90 353 137 -217 0.39
100 0

Na Na Na Na
86
2500 500
10%
Bund
2000 400
Tank
1500 300
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1000 30% 200
500 100
50%
90%
0 0
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
70%
-500 -100
Time (sec)

4000
3500
3000
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
3 2
y = 0.0032x + 0.001x - 56.502x + 2864.2
2
R = 0.9985
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
87
3 3
A3(h600) A 40.66 0.82 19.1 0.4 0.16104 0.00328 0.0200

B 41.11 0.66 14.2 0.16284 0.00264 0.0160
C 41.19 0.67 13.8 0.16316 0.00268 0.0162
D 41.18 0.76 13.7 0.16312 0.00304 0.0183
E 41.03 0.88 13.6 0.16252 0.00352 0.0212
Max 41.19 0.88 19.1 0.16316 0.00352 0.0212

Min 40.66 0.66 13.6 0.16104 0.00264 0.0160
Mean 41.03 0.76 14.9 0.16254 0.00303 0.0183
Sample sd 0.21870 0.09497 2.3700 0.00087480 0.00037989 0.0023049
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 5000 4971 4883 4854 4912 5000

30 3659 3577 3577 3605 3632
50 1551 1522 1551 1493 1465
70 -202 -202 -173 -173 -173
90 -109 -164 -164 -109 -82
A3(h600) A 300 600 360 600
5670 473 4642 1558 15281

0 5886 5670 -216 0.96

10 5297 5000 -298 0.94
30 4120 3659 -461 0.89
50 2943 1551 -1392 0.53
70 1766 -202 -1967 -0.11
90 589 -109 -698 -0.19
100 0

Na Na Na Na
88
5500 1800
10% 1600
4500
1400
Bund
30%
3500 1200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1000
2500
800
1500 Tank 600
50%
400
500
90% 200
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1

-500 70% 0
Time (sec)

7000
6000
5000
4000
Pressure (Pa)
3000
2000
3 2
y = 0.0203x - 2.3832x - 13.238x + 5557.8
2
R = 0.9974
1000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-1000
Height (%)
89
3 3
A3(h720) A 40.83 0.96 17.5 0.4 0.16172 0.00384 0.0232

B 40.84 1.08 14.5 0.16176 0.00432 0.0260
C 41.44 0.82 14.1 0.16416 0.00328 0.0196
D 41.64 0.72 13.9 0.16496 0.00288 0.0172
E 41.52 1.06 13.8 0.16448 0.00424 0.0251
Max 41.64 1.08 17.5 0.16496 0.00432 0.0260

Min 40.83 0.72 13.8 0.16172 0.00288 0.0172
Mean 41.25 0.93 14.8 0.16342 0.00371 0.0222
Sample sd 0.38908 0.15531 1.5550 0.00155630 0.00062122 0.0037526
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 4825 4854 4767 4796 4796 4854

30 3031 3113 3086 3195 3195
50 402 373 402 373 287
70 -230 -173 -259 -288 -317
90 0 27 55 55 27
A3(h720) B 300 600 360 720
5725 496 4862 1526 14975

0 7063 5725 -1338 0.81

10 6357 4854 -1503 0.76
30 4944 3113 -1831 0.63
50 3532 373 -3158 0.11
70 2119 -173 -2292 -0.08
90 706 27 -679 0.04
100 0

Na Na Na Na
90
5500 1800
10% 1600
4500
1400
Bund
3500 1200
30%
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1000
2500
800
1500
Tank 600
400
500 50%
200
90%
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
-500 70% 0
Time (sec)
10% from base 30% from base 50% from base 70% f rom base 90% from base Tank depth Bund depth

8000
7000
6000
5000
Pressure (Pa)
4000
3000
2000
1000
3 2
y = 0.0178x - 1.5774x - 64.584x + 5718.5
2
R = 0.9909
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-1000
Height (%)
91
3 3
A4(h120) A 8.48 0.15 21.7 0.4 0.03232 0.00060 0.0182

B 8.55 0.14 21.0 0.03260 0.00056 0.0169
C 8.64 0.12 20.9 0.03296 0.00048 0.0144
D 8.53 0.19 20.5 0.03252 0.00076 0.0228
E 8.58 0.16 19.7 0.03272 0.00064 0.0192
Max 8.64 0.19 21.7 0.03296 0.00076 0.0228

Min 8.48 0.12 19.7 0.03232 0.00048 0.0144
Mean 8.56 0.15 20.8 0.03262 0.00061 0.0183
Sample sd 0.05941 0.02588 0.7335 0.00023766 0.00010354 0.0031198
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 727 698 756 698 814 814

30 655 628 601 655 601
50 373 546 574 488 546
70 288 345 317 259 288
90 82 82 246 137 164
A4(h120) E 300 120 390 120
920 107 1045 289 2837

0 1177 920 -257 0.78

10 1059 814 -246 0.77
30 824 601 -223 0.73
50 589 546 -43 0.93
70 353 288 -65 0.82
90 118 164 46 1.39
100 0

0.603 0.692 0.089 2.02
92
1000 350
300
800
Bund
10% 250
600
Fluid depth (mm)

30%
Pressure (Pa)
200
400
70% 150
50%
Tank
200
100
90%
0
50
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-200 0
Time (sec)

1400
1200
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
3 2
y = -0.0005x + 0.0755x - 11.139x + 916.26
2
R = 0.9835
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
93
3 3
A4(h144) A 8.62 0.04 19.4 0.4 0.03288 0.00016 0.0048

B 8.61 0.07 19.2 0.03284 0.00028 0.0085
C 8.62 0.06 19.3 0.03288 0.00024 0.0072
D 8.62 0.06 19.2 0.03288 0.00024 0.0072
E 8.64 0.05 19.1 0.03296 0.00020 0.0060
Max 8.64 0.07 19.4 0.03296 0.00028 0.0085

Min 8.61 0.04 19.1 0.03284 0.00016 0.0048
Mean 8.62 0.06 19.2 0.03289 0.00022 0.0068
Sample sd 0.01095 0.01140 0.1140 0.00004382 0.00004561 0.0013739
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 727 669 698 639 669 727

30 628 601 628 601 683
50 402 402 373 373 402
70 230 202 173 202 144
90 109 55 27 109 27
A4(h144) A 300 120 390 144
776 99 967 167 1636

0 1413 776 -637 0.55

10 1271 727 -545 0.57
30 989 628 -361 0.64
50 706 402 -304 0.57
70 424 230 -193 0.54
90 141 109 -32 0.77
100 0

0.318 0.395 0.077 2.34
94
800 250
700
200
10%
600
500 150
Bund
Fluid depth (mm)

Tank 50%
Pressure (Pa)
400
100
300
30%
70%
200 50
90%
100
0
0
0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3
-100 -50
Time (sec)

1600
1400
1200
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
3 2
y = 0.0014x - 0.1989x - 0.5653x + 768.24
2
R = 0.9976
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
95
3 3
A4(h300) A 20.37 0.83 20.5 0.4 0.07988 0.00332 0.0399

B 20.38 0.91 20.2 0.07992 0.00364 0.0436
C 20.32 0.92 19.1 0.07968 0.00368 0.0441
D 20.37 0.90 18.0 0.07988 0.00360 0.0431
E 20.40 0.83 16.8 0.08000 0.00332 0.0398
Max 20.40 0.92 20.5 0.08000 0.00368 0.0441

Min 20.32 0.83 16.8 0.07968 0.00332 0.0398
Mean 20.37 0.88 18.9 0.07987 0.00351 0.0421
Sample sd 0.02950 0.04438 1.5418 0.00011798 0.00017754 0.0020779
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2122 2151 2122 2151 1948 2151

30 1202 1311 1174 1256 1120
50 488 546 287 144 546
70 144 202 115 -144 -115
90 137 191 82 55 109
A4(h300) B 300 300 390 300
2571 214 2099 385 3778

0 2943 2571 -372 0.87

10 2649 2151 -498 0.81
30 2060 1311 -749 0.64
50 1472 546 -926 0.37
70 883 202 -681 0.23
90 294 191 -103 0.65
100 0

0.577 0.639 0.062 2.90
96
2500 450
400
10% Bund
2000
350
Tank 300
1500
30%
Fluid depth (mm)

250
Pressure (Pa)
1000 200
150
50%
500
100
70% 50
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
0
90%
-500 -50
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
3 2
y = 0.0031x - 0.0995x - 42.636x + 2577.8
2
R = 0.9994
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
97
3 3
A4(h360) A 20.69 0.54 15.8 0.4 0.08116 0.00216 0.0259

B 20.82 0.59 15.5 0.08168 0.00236 0.0281
C 20.73 0.55 17.7 0.08132 0.00220 0.0263
D 20.72 0.58 16.6 0.08128 0.00232 0.0278
E 20.67 0.63 16.1 0.08108 0.00252 0.0301
Max 20.82 0.63 17.7 0.08168 0.00252 0.0301

Min 20.67 0.54 15.5 0.08108 0.00216 0.0259
Mean 20.73 0.58 16.3 0.08130 0.00231 0.0276
Sample sd 0.05771 0.03564 0.8620 0.00023082 0.00014255 0.0016663
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2064 2035 2093 2064 2064 2093

30 519 573 819 819 655
50 345 201 115 201 316
70 115 144 29 115 86
90 109 27 0 109 109
A4(h360) C 300 300 390 360
2730 219 2146 384 3762

0 3532 2730 -802 0.77

10 3178 2093 -1086 0.66
30 2472 819 -1653 0.33
50 1766 115 -1651 0.07
70 1059 29 -1031 0.03
90 353 0 -353 0.00
100 0

0.317 0.394 0.077 2.34
98
2500 450
400
10% Bund
2000
350
Tank
300
1500
Fluid depth (mm)

250
Pressure (Pa)
1000 200
90%
150
30%
500
100
50%
70% 50
0
0.25 0.45 0.65 0.85 1.05 1.25
0
-500 -50
Time (sec)

4000
3500
3000
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
3 2
y = -0.0019x + 0.7912x - 86.829x + 2785.9
2
R = 0.9962
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
99
3 3
A4(h600) A 39.83 1.88 18.0 0.4 0.15772 0.00752 0.0455

B 40.43 1.56 16.2 0.16012 0.00624 0.0375
C 40.28 1.67 15.3 0.15952 0.00668 0.0402
D 40.37 1.64 14.9 0.15988 0.00656 0.0394
E 40.21 1.69 14.5 0.15924 0.00676 0.0407
Max 40.43 1.88 18.0 0.16012 0.00752 0.0455

Min 39.83 1.56 14.5 0.15772 0.00624 0.0375
Mean 40.22 1.69 15.8 0.15930 0.00675 0.0407
Sample sd 0.23575 0.11819 1.3918 0.00094302 0.00047278 0.0029674
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 4651 4680 4651 4651 4535 4680

30 3031 2977 2977 2785 3059
50 316 431 316 201 316
70 115 86 -58 29 29
90 82 -137 -164 -55 -55
A4(h600) B 300 600 390 600
5532 437 4283 995 9761

0 5886 5532 -354 0.94

10 5297 4680 -617 0.88
30 4120 2977 -1144 0.72
50 2943 431 -2512 0.15
70 1766 86 -1679 0.05
90 589 -137 -725 -0.23
100 0

0.455 0.505 0.050 3.60
100
5000 1200
10%
Bund 1000
4000
800
3000 30%
Fluid depth (mm)

Tank
Pressure (Pa)
600
2000
400
1000
200
50%
0 70%
0
0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15
90%
-1000 -200
Time (sec)

7000
6000
5000
4000
Pressure (Pa)
3000
2000
1000
3 2
y = 0.0119x - 0.8889x - 78.942x + 5561.9
2
R = 0.9877
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-1000
Height (%)
101
3 3
A4(h720) A 40.26 1.24 18.7 0.4 0.15944 0.00496 0.0302

B 40.86 0.92 14.8 0.16184 0.00368 0.0222
C 40.62 1.11 14.4 0.16088 0.00444 0.0269
D 40.70 1.12 14.1 0.16120 0.00448 0.0270
E 40.69 1.24 13.9 0.16116 0.00496 0.0299
Max 40.86 1.24 18.7 0.16184 0.00496 0.0302

Min 40.26 0.92 13.9 0.15944 0.00368 0.0222
Mean 40.63 1.13 15.2 0.16090 0.00450 0.0272
Sample sd 0.22267 0.13107 1.9967 0.00089066 0.00052429 0.0031897
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 4476 4535 4447 4418 4535 4535

30 2212 2212 2212 2157 2212
50 -402 -632 -201 -431 -287
70 -144 -173 -230 -230 -288
90 -27 -82 -191 -55 -55
A4(h720) B 300 600 390 720
5696 442 4335 999 9797

0 7063 5696 -1367 0.81

10 6357 4535 -1822 0.71
30 4944 2212 -2732 0.45
50 3532 -632 -4163 -0.18
70 2119 -173 -2292 -0.08
90 706 -82 -788 -0.12
100 0

0.432 0.472 0.040 4.50
102
5000 1200
10% Bund
4000 1000
3000 800
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
Tank 30%
2000 600
1000 400
70% 90%
0 200
0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05
50%
-1000 0
Time (sec)

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
Pressure (Pa)
3000
2000
1000
3 2
y = 0.0087x + 0.0675x - 140.06x + 5810
2
0
R = 0.9754
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-1000
-2000
Height (%)
103
Table 3.49 Series results for configuration identity B1 (h48)
3 3
B1(h48) A 6.74 1.82 20.0 0.4 0.02536 0.00728 0.2230

B 6.68 1.92 19.8 0.02512 0.00768 0.2341
C 6.74 1.95 19.7 0.02536 0.00780 0.2352
D 6.74 1.99 19.3 0.02536 0.00796 0.2389
E 6.74 1.93 18.1 0.02536 0.00772 0.2334
Max 6.74 1.99 20.0 0.02536 0.00796 0.2389

Min 6.68 1.82 18.1 0.02512 0.00728 0.2230
Mean 6.73 1.92 19.4 0.02531 0.00769 0.2329
Sample sd 0.02683 0.06301 0.7596 0.00010733 0.00025203 0.0059235
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 698 669 639 581 581 698

30 628 655 628 655 546
50 488 517 546 517 460
70 259 345 345 374 345
90 273 246 109 109 82
Table 3.50 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity B1 (h48)
B1(h48) A 300 120 497 48
732 89 874 198 1945

0 471 732 262 1.56

10 424 698 274 1.65
30 330 628 298 1.91
50 235 488 253 2.07
70 141 259 118 1.83
90 47 273 226 5.80
100 0

0.381 0.537 0.156 2.53
104
configuration identity B1 (h 48)
800 250
700
10% 200
600
30%
Bund
500 150
Tank 50%
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
400
100
300
70%
200 50
90%
100
0
0
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95
-100 -50
Time (sec)

configuration identity B1 (h48)
800
700
3 2
y = 0.0021x - 0.2929x + 4.0297x + 714.14
2
R = 0.9818
600
500
Pressure (Pa)
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
105
3 3
B1(h120) A 15.69 5.48 17.3 0.4 0.06116 0.02192 0.2638

B 15.72 5.60 19.2 0.06128 0.02240 0.2677
C 15.42 5.81 15.3 0.06008 0.02324 0.2789
D 15.48 5.81 15.2 0.06032 0.02324 0.2781
E 15.53 5.81 14.6 0.06052 0.02324 0.2775
Max 15.72 5.81 19.2 0.06128 0.02324 0.2789

Min 15.42 5.48 14.6 0.06008 0.02192 0.2638
Mean 15.57 5.70 16.3 0.06067 0.02281 0.2732
Sample sd 0.13142 0.15385 1.9045 0.00052566 0.00061540 0.0069485
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1860 1831 1918 1948 1977 1977

30 1502 1502 1502 1420 1420
50 1091 1063 1091 1120 1206
70 461 374 518 489 576
90 191 246 164 191 273
B1(h120) E 300 300 497 120
2255 198 1943 400 3929

0 1177 2255 1078 1.92

10 1059 1977 917 1.87
30 824 1420 596 1.72
50 589 1206 618 2.05
70 353 576 223 1.63
90 118 273 155 2.32
100 0

0.771 0.888 0.117 3.37
106
2000 450
10% Bund 400
1500 350
Tank 30%
300
50%
Fluid depth (mm)

1000 250
Pressure (Pa)
200
70%
500 150
90%
100
0 50
0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.45
0
-500 -50
Time (sec)

2500
2000
3 2
y = -0.0008x + 0.1381x - 28.434x + 2245.1
2
R = 0.9889
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
107
3 3
B1(h240) A 32.30 9.91 15.5 0.4 0.12760 0.03964 0.2370

B 32.28 10.04 14.7 0.12752 0.04016 0.2395
C 32.11 10.06 14.7 0.12684 0.04024 0.2408
D 32.17 10.06 14.3 0.12708 0.04024 0.2405
E 32.01 10.34 14.0 0.12644 0.04136 0.2465
Max 32.30 10.34 15.5 0.12760 0.04136 0.2465

Min 32.01 9.91 14.0 0.12644 0.03964 0.2370
Mean 32.17 10.08 14.6 0.12710 0.04033 0.2409
Sample sd 0.12054 0.15723 0.5639 0.00048216 0.00062890 0.0034752
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 3924 3982 3982 3692 3808 3982

30 3031 3059 3004 3086 3059
50 1781 1694 1608 1666 1694
70 605 662 605 605 633
90 82 137 137 191 219
B1(h240) B 300 600 497 240
4444 317 3111 767 7522

0 2354 4444 2090 1.89

10 2119 3982 1863 1.88
30 1648 3059 1411 1.86
50 1177 1694 517 1.44
70 706 662 -44 0.94
90 235 137 -99 0.58
100 0

0.383 0.470 0.087 4.53
108
4500 900
4000 800
10%
3500 700
3000
Tank 30% Bund 600
Fluid depth (mm)

2500 500
Pressure (Pa)
2000 400
1500 300
1000 200
50% 70%
500 100
90%
0 0
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15
-500 -100
Time (sec)

5000
4500
4000 3 2
y = 0.0077x - 0.9229x - 26.593x + 4408.7
2
R = 0.9991
3500
3000
Pressure (Pa)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
109
3 3
B2(h48) A 6.83 1.76 19.6 0.4 0.02572 0.00704 0.2149

B 6.83 1.79 19.4 0.02572 0.00716 0.2178
C 6.83 1.82 19.0 0.02572 0.00728 0.2206
D 6.86 1.80 18.6 0.02584 0.00720 0.2179
E 6.87 1.84 18.5 0.02588 0.00736 0.2214
Max 6.87 1.84 19.6 0.02588 0.00736 0.2214

Min 6.83 1.76 18.5 0.02572 0.00704 0.2149
Mean 6.84 1.80 19.0 0.02578 0.00721 0.2185
Sample sd 0.01949 0.03033 0.4817 0.00007797 0.00012133 0.0025899
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 727 814 814 669 639 814

30 546 546 683 601 573
50 402 373 460 488 431
70 317 288 374 345 317
90 246 246 328 273 300
B2(h48) B 300 120 520 48
948 87 856 256 2507

0 471 948 477 2.01

10 424 814 390 1.92
30 330 546 217 1.66
50 235 373 138 1.59
70 141 288 147 2.04
90 47 246 199 5.22
100 0

0.474 0.601 0.127 3.46
110
900 300
10%
800
250
700
600
Bund 200
30%
Fluid depth (mm)

500
Pressure (Pa)
150
Tank 50%
400
100
300
200 70%
50
90%
100
0
0
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-100 -50
Time (sec)

1200
1000
800
3 2
y = -9E-05x + 0.1035x - 16.474x + 955.05
Pressure (Pa)
2
R = 0.9991
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
111
3 3
B2(h120) A 15.85 5.34 17.5 0.4 0.06180 0.02136 0.2569

B 15.99 5.35 17.6 0.06236 0.02140 0.2555
C 15.90 5.39 16.8 0.06200 0.02156 0.2580
D 15.81 5.48 15.8 0.06164 0.02192 0.2623
E 15.68 5.50 15.1 0.06112 0.02200 0.2647
Max 15.99 5.50 17.6 0.06236 0.02200 0.2647

Min 15.68 5.34 15.1 0.06112 0.02136 0.2555
Mean 15.85 5.41 16.6 0.06178 0.02165 0.2595
Sample sd 0.11459 0.07396 1.0877 0.00045834 0.00029584 0.0038747
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1715 1802 1715 1686 1686 1802

30 1502 1529 1447 1447 1447
50 919 948 948 919 948
70 432 518 432 432 432
90 355 328 -164 137 -164
B2(h120) B 300 300 520 120
1939 182 1788 380 3732

0 1177 1939 761 1.65

10 1059 1802 743 1.70
30 824 1529 705 1.86
50 589 948 359 1.61
70 353 518 165 1.47
90 118 328 210 2.78
100 0

0.285 0.423 0.138 3.19
112
2000 400
10% Bund
350
1500 30%
Tank 300
50% 250
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
200
70%
500
150
90%
100
0
0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
50
-500 0
Time (sec)

2500
2000
3 2
y = 0.0043x - 0.5686x - 1.1874x + 1915.7
2
R = 0.9976
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
113
3 3
B2(h240) A 33.38 8.63 18.4 0.4 0.13192 0.03452 0.2074

B 33.62 8.55 15.6 0.13288 0.03420 0.2047
C 33.55 8.68 14.3 0.13260 0.03472 0.2075
D 33.20 8.95 14.6 0.13120 0.03580 0.2144
E 33.48 8.86 14.0 0.13232 0.03544 0.2113
Max 33.62 8.95 18.4 0.13288 0.03580 0.2144

Min 33.20 8.55 14.0 0.13120 0.03420 0.2047
Mean 33.45 8.73 15.4 0.13218 0.03494 0.2090
Sample sd 0.16365 0.16592 1.7922 0.00065458 0.00066369 0.0037835
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 3779 3808 3750 3808 3808 3808

30 2922 2840 2977 2867 2895
50 1350 1292 1206 1292 1264
70 403 317 317 288 317
90 137 -82 -82 137 -82
B2(h240) B 300 600 520 240
4292 288 2830 552 5418

0 2354 4292 1937 1.82

10 2119 3808 1689 1.80
30 1648 2840 1192 1.72
50 1177 1292 115 1.10
70 706 317 -390 0.45
90 235 -82 -317 -0.35
100 0

0.184 0.301 0.117 3.76
114
4000 700
10%
3500 Tank
600
3000
30% 500
2500
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
400
2000
Bund
1500
300
50%
1000
200
500
70%
100
0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
90%
-500 0
Time (sec)

5000
4500
4000 3 2
y = 0.0097x - 1.1265x - 25.593x + 4254.3
2
3500
R = 0.9983
3000
Pressure (Pa)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
115
Table 3.61 Series results for configuration identity C1 (h36)
3 3
C1(h36) A 6.17 2.46 19.2 0.4 0.02308 0.00984 0.2989

B 6.10 2.53 19.4 0.02280 0.01012 0.3074
C 6.14 2.50 19.0 0.02296 0.01000 0.3034
D 6.14 2.54 18.5 0.02296 0.01016 0.3068
E 6.08 2.62 18.2 0.02272 0.01048 0.3157
Max 6.17 2.62 19.4 0.02308 0.01048 0.3157

Min 6.08 2.46 18.2 0.02272 0.00984 0.2989
Mean 6.13 2.53 18.9 0.02290 0.01012 0.3064
Sample sd 0.03578 0.05916 0.4980 0.00014311 0.00023664 0.0061667
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 424 488 459 433 451 488

30 451 500 467 415 492
50 336 408 488 325 365
70 308 369 426 366 357
90 169 186 276 224 246
Table 3.62 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity C1 (h36)
C1(h36) B 300 120 574 36
466 81 791 185 1817

0 353 466 112 1.32

20 283 488 206 1.73
30 247 500 253 2.02
50 177 408 231 2.31
70 106 369 263 3.48
90 35 186 150 5.26
100 0

0.374 0.586 0.212 2.58
116
configuration identity C1 (h36)
550 200
30% Bund
450
150
20%
Tank 50%
350 70%
Fluid depth (mm)

100
Pressure (Pa)
250
90%
50
150
0
50
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05

-50 -50
Time (sec)

600
500
3 2
y = -0.0002x - 0.0393x + 1.8089x + 468.38
2
R = 0.9726
400
Pressure (Pa)
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
117
3 3
C1(h90) A 13.34 7.75 20.2 0.4 0.05176 0.03100 0.3746

B 13.39 7.82 19.2 0.05196 0.03128 0.3758
C 13.21 7.99 18.4 0.05124 0.03196 0.3841
D 13.46 7.75 17.6 0.05224 0.03100 0.3724
E 13.36 7.92 16.3 0.05184 0.03168 0.3793
Max 13.46 7.99 20.2 0.05224 0.03196 0.3841

Min 13.21 7.75 16.3 0.05124 0.03100 0.3724
Mean 13.35 7.85 18.3 0.05181 0.03138 0.3772
Sample sd 0.09149 0.10644 1.4926 0.00036595 0.00042577 0.0045908
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1558 1581 1549 1613 1363 1613

30 1259 1278 1259 1355 1286
50 976 1160 922 1051 1172
70 737 582 662 596 754
90 273 453 374 142 336
C1(h90) D 300 300 574 90
1743 172 1690 378 3710

0 883 1743 860 1.97

10 795 1613 819 2.03
30 618 1355 736 2.19
50 441 1051 610 2.38
70 265 596 331 2.25
90 88 142 54 1.61
100 0

0.286 0.458 0.172 3.19
118
1800 400
10% Bund
1600 350
1400 Tank 30%

300
1200
250
50%
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
200
800
70% 150
600
100
400
50
200
90%
0 0
0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95
-200 -50
Time (sec)

2000
1500
3 2
y = -6E-05x - 0.0811x - 9.9654x + 1733.9
2
R = 0.9992
1000
Pressure (Pa)
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
119
3 3
C1(h180) A 28.13 13.72 18.3 0.4 0.11092 0.05488 0.3310

B 28.42 13.69 17.2 0.11208 0.05476 0.3282
C 28.52 13.65 16.0 0.11248 0.05460 0.3268
D 28.36 13.93 14.8 0.11184 0.05572 0.3325
E 28.08 14.12 14.4 0.11072 0.05648 0.3378
Max 28.52 14.12 18.3 0.11248 0.05648 0.3378

Min 28.08 13.65 14.4 0.11072 0.05460 0.3268
Mean 28.30 13.82 16.1 0.11161 0.05529 0.3313
Sample sd 0.18953 0.19867 1.6303 0.00075810 0.00079468 0.0042922
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2974 3116 2977 3035 3043 3116

30 2739 3018 2796 2930 2805
50 1657 1743 1697 1643 1729
70 757 697 697 846 769
90 210 227 104 -281 145
C1(h180) B 300 600 574 180
3165 279 2740 555 5447

0 1766 3165 1399 1.79

10 1589 3116 1527 1.96
30 1236 3018 1782 2.44
50 883 1743 860 1.97
70 530 697 167 1.32
90 177 227 50 1.28
100 0

0.260 0.435 0.175 3.13
120
3500 700
Tank 10%
3000 600
2500 30% 500
Bund
2000 400
Fluid depth (mm)

50%
Pressure (Pa)
1500 300
1000 200
70%
500 100
90%
0 0
0.3 0.5 0.7 0. 9 1.1 1.3
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3500
3000
3 2
y = 0.0129x - 1.9578x + 40.092x + 3078.4
2
R = 0.9923
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
121
3 3
B3(h48) A 7.26 1.31 20.4 0.4 0.02744 0.00524 0.1603

B 7.27 1.33 20.8 0.02748 0.00532 0.1622
C 7.38 1.26 20.7 0.02792 0.00504 0.1529
D 7.33 1.32 20.7 0.02772 0.00528 0.1600
E 7.41 1.27 20.0 0.02804 0.00508 0.1534
Max 7.41 1.33 20.8 0.02804 0.00532 0.1622

Min 7.26 1.26 20.0 0.02744 0.00504 0.1529
Mean 7.33 1.30 20.5 0.02772 0.00519 0.1578
Sample sd 0.06595 0.03114 0.3271 0.00026382 0.00012458 0.0043019
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 610 639 639 523 407 639

30 410 492 546 519 410
50 316 431 546 402 431
70 403 432 518 230 259
90 382 382 328 55 109
B3(h48) B 300 120 581 48
713 76 743 191 1871

0 471 713 243 1.52

10 424 639 216 1.51
30 330 492 162 1.49
50 235 431 195 1.83
70 141 432 291 3.06
90 47 382 335 8.12
100 0

0.301 0.495 0.194 2.90
122
700 250
10%
600
200
500
30%
Bund 150
400 50%
Fluid depth (mm)

Tank
Pressure (Pa)
70%
300 100
90%
200
50
100
0
0
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-100 -50
Time (sec)
10% from base 30% from base 50% from base 70% f rom base 90% from base Tank depth Bund depth

800
700
600
3 2
y = -0.0008x + 0.1622x - 11.675x + 723.33
2
R = 0.9913
500
Pressure (Pa)
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
123
3 3
B3(h120) A 16.64 4.56 18.1 0.4 0.06496 0.01824 0.2192

B 16.66 4.50 17.6 0.06504 0.01800 0.2168
C 16.69 4.56 15.6 0.06516 0.01824 0.2187
D 16.66 4.59 14.8 0.06504 0.01836 0.2201
E 16.70 4.56 14.8 0.06520 0.01824 0.2186
Max 16.70 4.59 18.1 0.06520 0.01836 0.2201

Min 16.64 4.50 14.8 0.06496 0.01800 0.2168
Mean 16.67 4.55 16.2 0.06508 0.01822 0.2187
Sample sd 0.02449 0.03286 1.5691 0.00009798 0.00013145 0.0012377
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1395 1337 1366 1395 1395 1395

30 1284 1229 1284 1284 1284
50 632 775 804 718 689
70 461 403 345 461 374
90 273 328 -191 -328 -219
B3(h120) A 300 300 581 120
1451 163 1595 388 3807

0 1177 1451 274 1.23

10 1059 1395 336 1.32
30 824 1284 459 1.56
50 589 632 43 1.07
70 353 461 107 1.30
90 118 273 155 2.32
100 0

0.384 0.550 0.166 3.39
124
1600 450
10% 400
1400
Bund
350
1200
Tank
300
1000
30%
Fluid depth (mm)

250
Pressure (Pa)
800
50% 200
600
150
70%
400
100
200 90%
50
0 0
0.35 0.55 0.75 0.95 1.15 1.35
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1600
1400
1200
3 2
y = 0.0046x - 0.6287x + 6.1822x + 1438.1
2
R = 0.9748
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
125
3 3
B3(h240) A 33.73 8.22 17.3 0.4 0.13332 0.03288 0.1978

B 33.92 8.27 14.8 0.13408 0.03308 0.1979
C 33.69 8.40 14.0 0.13316 0.03360 0.2015
D 34.09 8.19 13.6 0.13476 0.03276 0.1956
E 33.92 8.24 13.3 0.13408 0.03296 0.1973
Max 34.09 8.40 17.3 0.13476 0.03360 0.2015

Min 33.69 8.19 13.3 0.13316 0.03276 0.1956
Mean 33.87 8.26 14.6 0.13388 0.03306 0.1980
Sample sd 0.16233 0.08142 1.6109 0.00064931 0.00032570 0.0021577
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 3081 2936 2965 2994 3023 3081

30 2321 2294 2349 2349 2294
50 919 833 890 919 948
70 374 345 345 374 403
90 191 191 164 -273 -191
B3(h240) A 300 600 581 240
3461 279 2734 421 4126

0 2354 3461 1107 1.47

10 2119 3081 962 1.45
30 1648 2321 673 1.41
50 1177 919 -258 0.78
70 706 374 -332 0.53
90 235 191 -44 0.81
100 0

0.561 0.709 0.148 3.80
126
3500 700
Tank 10%
3000 600
2500 500
30%
2000
Bund 400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500 300
1000 200
50%
500 100
70%
0 0
0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.45
90%
-500 -100
Time (sec)

4000
3500
3000
3 2
y = 0.0092x - 1.0016x - 20.037x + 3440.4
2
R = 0.994
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
127
3 3
C2(h36) A 6.28 2.37 19.0 0.4 0.02352 0.00948 0.2873

B 6.26 2.33 18.2 0.02344 0.00932 0.2845
C 6.33 2.45 18.3 0.02372 0.00980 0.2924
D 6.26 2.43 18.1 0.02344 0.00972 0.2931
E 6.19 2.48 17.9 0.02316 0.00992 0.2999
Max 6.33 2.48 19.0 0.02372 0.00992 0.2999

Min 6.19 2.33 17.9 0.02316 0.00932 0.2845
Mean 6.26 2.41 18.3 0.02346 0.00965 0.2914
Sample sd 0.05030 0.06099 0.4183 0.00020120 0.00024397 0.0059272
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 465 390 378 384 436 465

30 431 421 281 423 388
50 437 445 368 594 457
70 397 392 357 406 320
90 249 148 150 260 227
C2(h36) A 300 120 600 36
532 75 738 196 1920

0 353 532 179 1.51

20 283 465 183 1.65
30 247 431 184 1.75
50 177 437 260 2.47
70 106 397 291 3.75
90 35 249 213 7.04
100 0

0.353 0.545 0.192 3.13
128
250
450
20%
200
30% 50%
350
70% 150
Bund
Fluid depth (mm)

Tank
Pressure (Pa)
250
100
90%
150
50
50
0
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

-50 -50
Time (sec)

600
500
3 2
y = -0.0014x + 0.1681x - 6.8278x + 534.38
2
R = 0.9941
400
Pressure (Pa)
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
129
3 3
C2(h90) A 13.65 7.56 17.4 0.4 0.05300 0.03024 0.3633

B 13.79 7.45 17.2 0.05356 0.02980 0.3575
C 13.84 7.35 16.7 0.05376 0.02940 0.3535
D 13.84 7.38 16.2 0.05376 0.02952 0.3545
E 13.75 7.49 15.6 0.05340 0.02996 0.3594
Max 13.84 7.56 17.4 0.05376 0.03024 0.3633

Min 13.65 7.35 15.6 0.05300 0.02940 0.3535
Mean 13.77 7.45 16.6 0.05350 0.02978 0.3576
Sample sd 0.07893 0.08444 0.7362 0.00031572 0.00033776 0.0039352
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1323 1235 1317 1410 1395 1410

30 1182 1095 1226 1289 1273
50 942 818 925 928 997
70 521 469 659 607 636
90 254 142 153 270 281
C2(h90) D 300 300 600 90
1470 159 1565 381 3735

0 883 1470 587 1.67

10 795 1410 615 1.77
30 618 1289 671 2.09
50 441 928 486 2.10
70 265 607 343 2.29
90 88 270 182 3.06
100 0

0.342 0.541 0.199 3.02
130
1600 400
10% Bund
1400 350
Tank
1200 300
30%
1000 250
Fluid depth (mm)

50%
Pressure (Pa)
800 200
70%
600 150
400 100
90%
200 50
0 0
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1600
1400
3 2
y = 0.0016x - 0.2971x + 0.7904x + 1458
2
R = 0.9977
1200
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
131
3 3
C2(h180) A 28.86 13.14 18.9 0.4 0.11384 0.05256 0.3159

B 29.34 12.81 17.6 0.11576 0.05124 0.3068
C 28.88 13.19 15.8 0.11392 0.05276 0.3165
D 28.75 13.32 14.8 0.11340 0.05328 0.3197
E 29.06 13.05 14.2 0.11464 0.05220 0.3129
Max 29.34 13.32 18.9 0.11576 0.05328 0.3197

Min 28.75 12.81 14.2 0.11340 0.05124 0.3068
Mean 28.98 13.10 16.3 0.11431 0.05241 0.3144
Sample sd 0.23091 0.19018 1.9591 0.00092364 0.00076074 0.0048474
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2727 2785 2616 2695 2802 2802

30 2712 2619 2690 2766 2575
50 1473 1473 1660 1536 1674
70 556 582 628 662 559
90 126 -68 90 79 112
C2(h180) E 300 600 600 180
2916 272 2665 546 5358

0 1766 2916 1150 1.65

10 1589 2802 1213 1.76
30 1236 2575 1339 2.08
50 883 1674 791 1.90
70 530 559 29 1.05
90 177 112 -65 0.63
100 0

0.238 0.410 0.172 3.49
132
3000 700
10%
Tank
600
2500
30% 500
2000
50% Bund 400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500
300
1000
200
70%
500
100
90%
0
0
0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3500
3000
3 2
y = 0.0092x - 1.4327x + 24.087x + 2837.6
2
R = 0.9941
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
133
3 3
B4(h48) A 7.54 1.07 20.1 0.4 0.02856 0.00428 0.1303

B 7.46 1.17 19.9 0.02824 0.00468 0.1422
C 7.55 1.14 18.9 0.02860 0.00456 0.1375
D 7.56 1.14 18.6 0.02864 0.00456 0.1373
E 7.59 1.10 18.3 0.02876 0.00440 0.1327
Max 7.59 1.17 20.1 0.02876 0.00468 0.1422

Min 7.46 1.07 18.3 0.02824 0.00428 0.1303
Mean 7.54 1.12 19.2 0.02856 0.00450 0.1360
Sample sd 0.04848 0.03912 0.7987 0.00019391 0.00015646 0.0046156
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 541 605 480 605 436 605

30 371 459 483 481 391
50 293 273 350 439 333
70 274 262 291 302 311
90 148 139 197 251 153
B4(h48) B 300 120 671 48
678 55 538 76 744

0 471 678 207 1.44

10 424 605 181 1.43
30 330 459 129 1.39
50 235 273 37 1.16
70 141 262 121 1.85
90 47 139 92 2.96
100 0

0.495 0.770 0.275 2.70
134
700 140
Tank 10%
600 120
500 100
30%
400 80
Fluid depth (mm)

Bund
Pressure (Pa)
300 60
50%
200 40
70%
100
90% 20
0 0
0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25
-100 -20
Time (sec)

800
700
600
3 2
y = -0.0002x + 0.0584x - 9.8325x + 686.8
2
R = 0.9815
500
Pressure (Pa)
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
Static pressure Dynam ic pressure Poly. (Dynamic pressure)
135
3 3
B4(h120) A 17.30 3.74 20.2 0.4 0.06760 0.01496 0.1812

B 17.37 3.79 18.1 0.06788 0.01516 0.1826
C 17.29 3.89 16.0 0.06756 0.01556 0.1872
D 17.34 3.98 15.1 0.06776 0.01592 0.1902
E 17.44 3.90 14.8 0.06816 0.01560 0.1862
Max 17.44 3.98 20.2 0.06816 0.01592 0.1902

Min 17.29 3.74 14.8 0.06756 0.01496 0.1812
Mean 17.35 3.86 16.8 0.06779 0.01544 0.1855
Sample sd 0.06058 0.09513 2.2788 0.00024232 0.00038053 0.0036434
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1247 1262 1273 1294 1276 1294

30 1152 1204 1185 1297 1158
50 557 574 767 408 345
70 392 345 262 343 250
90 224 311 -205 -246 -290
B4(h120) D 300 300 671 120
1292 117 1145 220 2156

0 1177 1292 114 1.10

10 1059 1294 234 1.22
30 824 1297 473 1.57
50 589 408 -181 0.69
70 353 343 -11 0.97
90 118 -246 -364 -2.09
100 0

0.486 0.714 0.228 3.25
136
1400 350
10% 30%
1200 Tank
300
1000
250
800 Bund
200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
600
150
400
100
50%
200
70% 50
0
0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25
-200 0
90%
-400 -50
Time (sec)

1600
1400
1200 3 2
y = 0.0039x - 0.6524x + 10.394x + 1292.7
2
R = 0.9379
1000
800
Pressure (Pa)
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-200
-400
Height (%)
137
3 3
B4(h240) A 35.06 6.76 18.9 0.4 0.13864 0.02704 0.1632

B 34.84 7.33 16.6 0.13776 0.02932 0.1755
C 34.71 7.45 14.6 0.13724 0.02980 0.1784
D 35.08 7.16 14.0 0.13872 0.02864 0.1711
E 35.00 7.17 13.9 0.13840 0.02868 0.1717
Max 35.08 7.45 18.9 0.13872 0.02980 0.1784

Min 34.71 6.76 13.9 0.13724 0.02704 0.1632
Mean 34.94 7.17 15.6 0.13815 0.02870 0.1720
Sample sd 0.15849 0.26083 2.1413 0.00063397 0.00104330 0.0057297
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2369 2485 2392 2479 2619 2619

30 1898 1974 1931 2015 2007
50 701 672 689 646 810
70 155 184 95 147 202
90 -109 175 96 -112 -137
B4(h240) E 300 600 671 240
2925 182 1782 208 2044

0 2354 2925 571 1.24

10 2119 2619 500 1.24
30 1648 2007 359 1.22
50 1177 810 -367 0.69
70 706 202 -505 0.29
90 235 -137 -372 -0.58
100 0

0.648 0.868 0.220 3.37
138
3000 700
Tank 10%
600
2500
500
2000
30%
400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500
300
1000
200
Bund
500
100
50% 70%
0
0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
90%
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
3 2
y = 0.0074x - 0.8944x - 13.328x + 2901
2
R = 0.9957
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
139
3 3
C3(h36) A 6.74 1.86 19.9 0.4 0.02536 0.00744 0.2268

B 6.70 1.95 20.8 0.02520 0.00780 0.2364
C 6.76 1.87 21.0 0.02544 0.00748 0.2272
D 6.84 1.83 20.8 0.02576 0.00732 0.2213
E 6.81 1.87 20.7 0.02564 0.00748 0.2258
Max 6.84 1.95 21.0 0.02576 0.00780 0.2364

Min 6.70 1.83 19.9 0.02520 0.00732 0.2213
Mean 6.77 1.88 20.6 0.02548 0.00750 0.2275
Sample sd 0.05568 0.04450 0.4278 0.00022271 0.00017799 0.0054886
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 485 416 427 442 439 485

30 366 380 341 366 497
50 437 488 439 385 448
70 360 311 334 345 291
90 161 101 219 134 169
C3(h36) A 300 120 671 36
724 61 601 147 1443

0 353 724 371 2.05

20 283 485 203 1.72
30 247 366 119 1.48
50 177 437 260 2.47
70 106 360 254 3.40
90 35 161 126 4.56
100 0

0.581 0.840 0.259 2.86
140
500 160
10%
140
400
Tank 50% 120
30% 70%
300 100
Bund
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
80
200
90% 60
100 40
20
0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 0
-100 -20
Time (sec)

800
700
600 3 2
y = -0.0034x + 0.4724x - 21.669x + 727.25
2
R = 0.9756
500
400
Pressure (Pa)
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-100
-200
Height (%)
141
3 3
C3(h90) A 14.80 6.32 18.3 0.4 0.05760 0.02528 0.3050

B 14.81 6.37 15.3 0.05764 0.02548 0.3065
C 14.76 6.42 14.3 0.05744 0.02568 0.3090
D 14.70 6.48 14.0 0.05720 0.02592 0.3118
E 14.70 6.57 13.9 0.05720 0.02628 0.3148
Max 14.81 6.57 18.3 0.05764 0.02628 0.3148

Min 14.70 6.32 13.9 0.05720 0.02528 0.3050
Mean 14.75 6.43 15.2 0.05742 0.02573 0.3094
Sample sd 0.05273 0.09731 1.8407 0.00021090 0.00038926 0.0039595
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1247 1291 1328 1215 1183 1328

30 1076 1180 1133 1068 1062
50 873 1022 1071 793 913
70 512 533 596 458 538
90 248 333 246 235 115
C3(h90) C 300 300 671 90
1426 147 1442 389 3818

0 883 1426 543 1.62

10 795 1328 534 1.67
30 618 1133 515 1.83
50 441 1071 630 2.43
70 265 596 331 2.25
90 88 246 158 2.78
100 0

0.232 0.480 0.248 2.99
142
1400 450
10%
Bund 400
1200
30%
350
1000 50%
Tank 300
800
Fluid depth (mm)

250
Pressure (Pa)
70%
600 200
150
400
90% 100
200
50
0
0
0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1600
1400
1200
3 2
y = -0.0009x + 0.0195x - 7.4627x + 1412.3
2
R = 0.9826
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-200
Height (%)
143
3 3
C3(h180) A 30.33 11.55 18.3 0.4 0.11972 0.04620 0.2784

B 30.12 11.91 15.3 0.11888 0.04764 0.2861
C 30.15 11.86 14.3 0.11900 0.04744 0.2850
D 30.27 11.85 14.0 0.11948 0.04740 0.2840
E 30.17 11.89 13.9 0.11908 0.04756 0.2854
Max 30.33 11.91 18.3 0.11972 0.04764 0.2861

Min 30.12 11.55 13.9 0.11888 0.04620 0.2784
Mean 30.21 11.81 15.2 0.11923 0.04725 0.2838
Sample sd 0.08843 0.14839 1.8407 0.00035372 0.00059357 0.0030840
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2424 2427 2456 2538 2416 2538

30 2542 2660 2482 2452 2346
50 1548 1333 1548 1241 1324
70 458 535 322 507 374
90 -109 -63 -202 131 202
C3(h180) D 300 600 671 180
2580 265 2596 397 3894

0 1766 2580 814 1.46

10 1589 2538 948 1.60
30 1236 2452 1216 1.98
50 883 1241 358 1.41
70 530 507 -23 0.96
90 177 131 -45 0.74
100 0

0.319 0.510 0.191 3.88
144
3000 700
Tank 10%
600
2500
500
2000
30%
400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500
Bund
300
1000
50%
200
500
100
70%
0
0
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
90%
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3000
2500
3 2
y = 0.0115x - 1.6888x + 32.712x + 2515.6
2
R = 0.9884
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
145
Table 3.91 Series results for configuration identity D1 (h24)
3 3
D1(h24) A 5.22 3.38 20.4 0.4 0.01928 0.01352 0.4122

B 5.37 3.32 20.5 0.01988 0.01328 0.4005
C 5.31 3.42 19.5 0.01964 0.01368 0.4106
D 5.31 3.40 18.9 0.01964 0.01360 0.4091
E 5.32 3.38 18.9 0.01968 0.01352 0.4072
Max 5.37 3.42 20.5 0.01988 0.01368 0.4122

Min 5.22 3.32 18.9 0.01928 0.01328 0.4005
Mean 5.31 3.38 19.6 0.01962 0.01352 0.4079
Sample sd 0.05413 0.03742 0.7797 0.00021652 0.00014967 0.0045433
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 515 593 648 570 610 648

30 377 522 407 385 352
50 359 494 373 457 307
70 415 498 386 351 314
90 279 459 260 279 320
Table 3.92 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity D1 (h24)
D1(h24) C 300 120 704 24
1131 41 398 75 739

0 235 1131 895 4.80

20 188 648 460 3.44
30 165 407 242 2.47
50 118 373 256 3.17
70 71 386 315 5.46
90 24 260 236 11.02
100 0

0.370 0.654 0.284 2.85
146
configuration identity D1 (h24)
700 140
20%
Tank
600 120
500 100
30%
400 50% 70% 80
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
300 60
Bund
90%
200 40
100 20
0 0
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05
-100 -20
Time (sec)

1200
1000
800
Pressure (Pa)
600
3 2
y = -0.0038x + 0.6713x - 39.403x + 1141.5
2
R = 0.9872
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
147
3 3
D1(h60) A 10.43 10.62 20.0 0.4 0.04012 0.04248 0.5143

B 10.43 10.75 18.4 0.04012 0.04300 0.5173
C 10.52 10.65 17.9 0.04048 0.04260 0.5128
D 10.44 10.74 17.0 0.04016 0.04296 0.5168
E 10.45 10.72 16.1 0.04020 0.04288 0.5161
Max 10.52 10.75 20.0 0.04048 0.04300 0.5173

Min 10.43 10.62 16.1 0.04012 0.04248 0.5128
Mean 10.45 10.70 17.9 0.04022 0.04278 0.5155
Sample sd 0.03782 0.05771 1.4755 0.00015126 0.00023082 0.0019047
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1212 1279 1250 1285 1404 1404

30 1218 1172 1150 1202 1234
50 1330 1246 1172 1307 1373
70 1074 1019 976 996 1051
90 606 587 473 582 552
D1(h60) E 300 300 704 60
1489 111 1091 133 1307

0 589 1489 900 2.53

10 530 1404 874 2.65
30 412 1234 822 3.00
50 294 1373 1078 4.66
70 177 1051 874 5.95
90 59 552 493 9.38
100 0

0.719 0.970 0.251 3.22
148
1600 350
10%
1400
Tank 300
30%
1200
50% 250
1000
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
200
800
70%
600
150
90%
400
100
200
Bund
50
0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
-200 0
Time (sec)

1600
1400
1200
3 2
y = -0.0045x + 0.4762x - 16.659x + 1497
2
R = 0.9728
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
149
3 3
D1(h120) A 22.34 19.66 16.5 0.4 0.08776 0.07864 0.4726

B 22.37 19.71 15.2 0.08788 0.07884 0.4729
C 22.09 20.07 14.4 0.08676 0.08028 0.4806
D 22.59 19.74 14.2 0.08876 0.07896 0.4708
E 21.87 20.30 14.4 0.08588 0.08120 0.4860
Max 22.59 20.30 16.5 0.08876 0.08120 0.4860

Min 21.87 19.66 14.2 0.08588 0.07864 0.4708
Mean 22.25 19.90 14.9 0.08741 0.07958 0.4766
Sample sd 0.27752 0.27754 0.9529 0.00111010 0.00111017 0.0064790
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2727 2776 2799 2622 2497 2799

30 2521 2723 2701 2701 2613
50 2300 2467 2435 2616 2464
70 1500 1635 1445 1748 1630
90 470 377 557 757 574
D1(h120) C 300 600 704 120
2848 189 1854 241 2360

0 1177 2848 1671 2.42

10 1059 2799 1740 2.64
30 824 2701 1877 3.28
50 589 2435 1847 4.14
70 353 1445 1092 4.09
90 118 557 440 4.73
100 0

0.509 0.731 0.222 3.64
150
3000 700
Tank 10%
600
2500
30% 50%
500
2000
400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500
70%
300
1000
Bund
200
90%
500
100
0
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
3 2
y = 0.0001x - 0.401x + 9.5559x + 2805.5
2
R = 0.9908
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
151
3 3
D2(h24) A 5.65 3.00 18.4 0.4 0.02100 0.01200 0.3636

B 5.58 3.06 18.6 0.02072 0.01224 0.3714
C 5.57 3.11 18.2 0.02068 0.01244 0.3756
D 5.58 3.08 17.8 0.02072 0.01232 0.3729
E 5.55 3.15 17.6 0.02060 0.01260 0.3795
Max 5.65 3.15 18.6 0.02100 0.01260 0.3795

Min 5.55 3.00 17.6 0.02060 0.01200 0.3636
Mean 5.59 3.08 18.1 0.02074 0.01232 0.3726
Sample sd 0.03782 0.05612 0.4147 0.00015126 0.00022450 0.0058917
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 535 555 378 372 398 555

30 377 483 467 492 350
50 422 402 336 402 327
70 334 374 380 305 328
90 227 167 98 227 216
D2(h24) B 300 120 735 24
699 40 391 60 591

0 235 699 463 2.97

20 188 555 367 2.95
30 165 483 319 2.93
50 118 402 284 3.42
70 71 374 304 5.30
90 24 167 143 7.08
100 0

0.617 0.932 0.315 2.76
152
600 140
20%
Tank 120
500 30%
50% 100
400
70% 80
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
300
60
Bund
200
90% 40
100
20
0
0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
-100 -20
Time (sec)

800
700
600
3 2
y = -0.0016x + 0.2114x - 12.134x + 705.04
2
R = 0.9883
500
Pressure (Pa)
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
153
3 3
D2(h60) A 10.79 10.25 18.7 0.4 0.04156 0.04100 0.4966

B 10.75 10.41 17.4 0.04140 0.04164 0.5014
C 10.88 10.33 17.3 0.04192 0.04132 0.4964
D 10.70 10.50 16.3 0.04120 0.04200 0.5048
E 10.82 10.39 15.5 0.04168 0.04156 0.4993
Max 10.88 10.50 18.7 0.04192 0.04200 0.5048

Min 10.70 10.25 15.5 0.04120 0.04100 0.4964
Mean 10.79 10.38 17.0 0.04155 0.04150 0.4997
Sample sd 0.06834 0.09317 1.2116 0.00027335 0.00037267 0.0035279
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1384 1387 1419 1439 1294 1439

30 1177 1155 1117 991 994
50 1172 1287 1126 1017 1014
70 950 910 1048 789 780
90 617 604 530 407 169
D2(h60) D 300 300 735 60
1663 110 1082 132 1293

0 589 1663 1074 2.82

10 530 1439 909 2.72
30 412 991 579 2.41
50 294 1017 722 3.45
70 177 789 612 4.47
90 59 407 348 6.92
100 0

0.574 0.840 0.266 3.27
154
1600 350
1400 Tank 10%

300
1200
250
1000 30%
50%
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
200
800
70%
600
150
Bund
400
100
90%
200
50
0
0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25
-200 0
Time (sec)

1800
1600
1400
3 2
y = -0.005x + 0.7043x - 37.429x + 1687.9
2
R = 0.9862
1200
Pressure (Pa)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
155
3 3
D2(h120) A 22.48 19.48 18.5 0.4 0.08832 0.07792 0.4687

B 22.61 19.39 15.8 0.08884 0.07756 0.4661
C 22.82 19.48 14.7 0.08968 0.07792 0.4649
D 22.87 19.26 14.4 0.08988 0.07704 0.4615
E 22.96 19.23 14.3 0.09024 0.07692 0.4602
Max 22.96 19.48 18.5 0.09024 0.07792 0.4687

Min 22.48 19.23 14.3 0.08832 0.07692 0.4602
Mean 22.75 19.37 15.5 0.08939 0.07747 0.4643
Sample sd 0.19741 0.11862 1.7587 0.00078963 0.00047447 0.0034626
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2584 2770 2700 2648 2666 2770

30 2501 2567 2553 2463 2542
50 2387 2481 2378 2157 2266
70 1627 1440 1644 1586 1442
90 505 500 576 456 366
D2(h120) B 300 600 735 120
2872 208 2036 261 2557

0 1177 2872 1695 2.44

10 1059 2770 1711 2.61
30 824 2567 1743 3.12
50 589 2481 1893 4.22
70 353 1440 1086 4.08
90 118 500 382 4.25
100 0

0.695 0.935 0.240 3.63
156
3000 700
Tank 10%
2500 600
30%
2000 50% 500
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500 400
70%
1000 300
Bund
500 200
90%
0 100
0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-500 0
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
3 2
y = -0.0023x - 0.0601x - 2.257x + 2836.9
2
R = 0.9834
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
157
3 3
C4(h36) A 7.34 1.21 21.6 0.4 0.02776 0.00484 0.1485

B 7.36 1.22 21.1 0.02784 0.00488 0.1491
C 7.37 1.22 20.7 0.02788 0.00488 0.1490
D 7.43 1.24 20.9 0.02812 0.00496 0.1499
E 7.37 1.24 20.1 0.02788 0.00496 0.1510
Max 7.43 1.24 21.6 0.02812 0.00496 0.1510

Min 7.34 1.21 20.1 0.02776 0.00484 0.1485
Mean 7.37 1.23 20.9 0.02790 0.00490 0.1495
Sample sd 0.03362 0.01342 0.5495 0.00013446 0.00005367 0.0010043
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 390 523 465 366 416 523

30 303 415 434 522 322
50 345 382 402 359 503
70 253 213 294 210 305
90 115 156 249 63 175
C4(h36) B 300 120 775 36
739 36 354 96 937

0 353 739 386 2.09

20 283 523 241 1.85
30 247 415 168 1.68
50 177 382 205 2.16
70 106 213 107 2.01
90 35 156 120 4.41
100 0

0.840 1.202 0.362 2.62
158
600 140
Tank 20%
120
500
30% 100
400
50%
80
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
300
Bund 60
200
70%
40
90%
100
20
0
0
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-100 -20
Time (sec)

800
700
600
3 2
y = -0.0008x + 0.1445x - 13.358x + 735.91
2
R = 0.9804
500
Pressure (Pa)
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
159
3 3
C4(h90) A 16.10 5.07 18.9 0.4 0.06280 0.02028 0.2441

B 16.14 5.09 18.7 0.06296 0.02036 0.2444
C 16.22 5.01 18.4 0.06328 0.02004 0.2405
D 16.21 4.98 17.8 0.06324 0.01992 0.2395
E 16.28 4.90 17.1 0.06352 0.01960 0.2358
Max 16.28 5.09 18.9 0.06352 0.02036 0.2444

Min 16.10 4.90 17.1 0.06280 0.01960 0.2358
Mean 16.19 5.01 18.2 0.06316 0.02004 0.2409
Sample sd 0.07071 0.07583 0.7328 0.00028284 0.00030332 0.0035421
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1073 1096 1151 1044 1046 1151

30 989 975 1073 945 1013
50 638 681 899 833 836
70 248 369 302 409 325
90 104 183 153 -98 123
C4(h90) C 300 300 775 90
1190 114 1117 401 3934

0 883 1190 307 1.35

10 795 1151 356 1.45
30 618 1073 455 1.74
50 441 899 457 2.04
70 265 302 37 1.14
90 88 153 65 1.73
100 0

0.272 0.560 0.288 3.30
160
1200 450
10% 400
1000
350
Tank 30%
800 300
50%
Fluid depth (mm)

250
Pressure (Pa)
600
Bund
200
400
150
70%
200 100
90%
50
0
0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.150
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1400
1200
3 2
y = 0.0031x - 0.532x + 11.51x + 1148.3
2
R = 0.9688
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
161
3 3
C4(h180) A 31.98 10.05 18.0 0.4 0.12632 0.04020 0.2414

B 32.01 10.11 16.1 0.12644 0.04044 0.2423
C 32.11 9.97 14.9 0.12684 0.03988 0.2392
D 32.39 9.89 14.3 0.12796 0.03956 0.2362
E 32.38 9.74 14.4 0.12792 0.03896 0.2335
Max 32.39 10.11 18.0 0.12796 0.04044 0.2423

Min 31.98 9.74 14.3 0.12632 0.03896 0.2335
Mean 32.17 9.95 15.5 0.12710 0.03981 0.2385
Sample sd 0.19857 0.14464 1.5502 0.00079428 0.00057855 0.0036930
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2151 2183 2154 2200 2043 2200

30 2056 2106 2234 2248 2157
50 1284 1103 999 1123 1134
70 239 363 311 184 118
90 98 210 66 -208 -254
C4(h180) D 300 600 775 180
2177 228 2237 487 4779

0 1766 2177 411 1.23

10 1589 2200 611 1.38
30 1236 2248 1011 1.82
50 883 1123 240 1.27
70 530 184 -345 0.35
90 177 -208 -384 -1.18
100 0

0.268 0.529 0.261 3.64
162
3000 700
Tank
600
2500
10% 30% 500

2000
400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500
Bund 300
1000
200
50%
500
100
70%
0
0
0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25
90%
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3000
2500
2000
3 2
y = 0.0125x - 1.9352x + 47.125x + 2089.9
2
R = 0.9893
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
163
3 3
D3(h24) A 6.32 2.28 18.7 0.4 0.02368 0.00912 0.2780

B 6.41 2.23 18.7 0.02404 0.00892 0.2706
C 6.43 2.24 18.6 0.02412 0.00896 0.2709
D 6.35 2.34 18.3 0.02380 0.00936 0.2823
E 6.38 2.29 17.9 0.02392 0.00916 0.2769
Max 6.43 2.34 18.7 0.02412 0.00936 0.2823

Min 6.32 2.23 17.9 0.02368 0.00892 0.2706
Mean 6.38 2.28 18.4 0.02391 0.00910 0.2757
Sample sd 0.04438 0.04393 0.3435 0.00017754 0.00017573 0.0049807
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 512 549 445 401 419 549

30 451 339 355 385 418
50 411 422 462 572 488
70 357 343 369 371 357
90 219 249 213 238 257
D3(h24) B 300 120 822 24
971 34 329 51 504

0 235 971 735 4.12

20 188 549 361 2.92
30 165 339 174 2.05
50 118 442 325 3.76
70 71 343 272 4.85
90 24 249 225 10.56
100 0

0.472 0.835 0.363 2.88
164
600 140
Tank 20%
120
500
50%
100
400
30% 80
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
300
70% 90% 60
200
Bund
40
100
20
0
0
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
-100 -20
Time (sec)

1200
1000
800
3 2
y = -0.004x + 0.6506x - 34.557x + 972.53
Pressure (Pa)
2
R = 0.9609
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
165
3 3
D3(h60) A 11.84 9.28 17.1 0.4 0.04576 0.03712 0.4479

B 11.89 9.28 16.7 0.04596 0.03712 0.4468
C 11.96 9.22 16.6 0.04624 0.03688 0.4437
D 12.01 9.18 16.3 0.04644 0.03672 0.4416
E 11.99 9.13 16.0 0.04636 0.03652 0.4406
Max 12.01 9.28 17.1 0.04644 0.03712 0.4479

Min 11.84 9.13 16.0 0.04576 0.03652 0.4406
Mean 11.94 9.22 16.5 0.04615 0.03687 0.4441
Sample sd 0.07120 0.06496 0.4159 0.00028482 0.00025985 0.0031684
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1314 1250 1296 1413 1424 1424

30 920 926 948 890 980
50 767 850 836 850 1114
70 702 795 702 610 924
90 341 229 448 380 503
D3(h60) E 300 300 822 60
1646 96 944 150 1468

0 589 1646 1058 2.80

10 530 1424 895 2.69
30 412 980 568 2.38
50 294 1114 820 3.79
70 177 924 748 5.23
90 59 503 444 8.54
100 0

0.501 0.823 0.322 3.24
166
1500 350
Tank 10%
1300 300
1100 50% 250
30% 70%
900 200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
700 150
Bund
90%
500 100
300 50
100 0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

-100 -50
Time (sec)

1800
1600
1400
3 2
y = -0.0064x + 0.8919x - 41.219x + 1678.4
2
R = 0.9739
1200
Pressure (Pa)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
167
3 3
D3(h120) A 24.03 17.90 19.0 0.4 0.09452 0.07160 0.4310

B 24.21 17.82 17.2 0.09524 0.07128 0.4281
C 24.28 17.88 15.7 0.09552 0.07152 0.4282
D 24.44 17.87 15.1 0.09616 0.07148 0.4264
E 24.46 17.85 14.7 0.09624 0.07140 0.4259
Max 24.46 17.90 19.0 0.09624 0.07160 0.4310

Min 24.03 17.82 14.7 0.09452 0.07128 0.4259
Mean 24.28 17.86 16.3 0.09554 0.07146 0.4279
Sample sd 0.17700 0.03050 1.7644 0.00070801 0.00012198 0.0020011
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2445 2517 2424 2369 2337 2517

30 2294 2335 2212 2310 2258
50 2214 2231 2312 2243 2085
70 1333 1370 1448 1393 1368
90 582 642 385 574 563
D3(h120) B 300 600 822 120
2608 190 1863 266 2610

0 1177 2608 1431 2.22

10 1059 2517 1458 2.38
30 824 2335 1511 2.83
50 589 2231 1643 3.79
70 353 1370 1017 3.88
90 118 642 524 5.45
100 0

0.329 0.612 0.283 3.69
168
3000 700
Tank 10%
2500 600
30%
2000 500
50%
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
1500 400
70%
1000 300
Bund
500 200
90%
0 100
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
-500 0
Time (sec)

3000
2500
3 2
y = -0.0013x - 0.106x - 1.4844x + 2577.8
2
R = 0.9839
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
169
3 3
D4(h24) A 7.18 1.46 21.1 0.4 0.02712 0.00584 0.1772

B 7.19 1.43 21.2 0.02716 0.00572 0.1740
C 7.20 1.49 20.8 0.02720 0.00596 0.1797
D 7.18 1.51 20.8 0.02712 0.00604 0.1821
E 7.19 1.52 20.5 0.02716 0.00608 0.1829
Max 7.20 1.52 21.2 0.02720 0.00608 0.1829

Min 7.18 1.43 20.5 0.02712 0.00572 0.1740
Mean 7.19 1.48 20.9 0.02715 0.00593 0.1792
Sample sd 0.00837 0.03701 0.2775 0.00003347 0.00014805 0.0036813
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 494 436 494 727 494 727

30 410 410 410 492 300
50 345 402 230 287 258
70 230 230 230 288 230
90 137 82 82 137 55
D4(h24) D 300 120 949 24
1197 28 279 59 577

0 235 1197 962 5.08

20 188 727 538 3.86
30 165 492 327 2.98
50 118 287 169 2.44
70 71 288 217 4.08
90 24 137 113 5.80
100 0

0.514 0.982 0.468 2.77
170
800 140
700 Tank 20%

120
600
100
30%
500
80
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
400
Bund 60
300
40
200
50% 20
100 90%
70%
0 0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
-100 -20
Time (sec)

1400
1200
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
3 2
y = -0.0022x + 0.4572x - 34.862x + 1209.8
2
R = 0.9906
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
171
3 3
D4(h60) A 13.82 7.31 21.8 0.4 0.05368 0.02924 0.3526

B 13.82 7.50 21.2 0.05368 0.03000 0.3585
C 13.85 7.48 20.2 0.05380 0.02992 0.3574
D 13.86 7.42 18.7 0.05384 0.02968 0.3554
E 13.81 7.59 18.1 0.05364 0.03036 0.3614
Max 13.86 7.59 21.8 0.05384 0.03036 0.3614

Min 13.81 7.31 18.1 0.05364 0.02924 0.3526
Mean 13.83 7.46 20.0 0.05373 0.02984 0.3571
Sample sd 0.02168 0.10368 1.5827 0.00008672 0.00041473 0.0033089
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 -959 1366 1250 1308 1337 1366

30 1120 1065 1010 1065 1038
50 976 1005 890 976 976
70 576 633 547 662 662
90 219 191 246 328 273
D4(h60) B 300 300 949 60
1517 86 841 221 2172

0 589 1517 928 2.58

10 530 1366 836 2.58
30 412 1065 653 2.58
50 294 1005 711 3.42
70 177 633 457 3.59
90 59 191 132 3.25
100 0

0.197 0.555 0.358 3.63
172
1600 350
1400 Tank 10%

300
30%
1200
250
50% Bund
1000
200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
800
70% 150
600
100
400
50
200
90%
0 0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1800
1600
1400 3 2
y = -0.0029x + 0.3271x - 20.726x + 1522.1
2
R = 0.9922
1200
1000
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-200
-400
Height (%)
173
3 3
D4(h120) A 26.00 16.14 19.0 0.4 0.10240 0.06456 0.3867

B 25.91 16.27 17.9 0.10204 0.06508 0.3894
C 25.73 16.51 17.4 0.10132 0.06604 0.3946
D 25.80 16.37 15.1 0.10160 0.06548 0.3919
E 26.17 16.05 14.8 0.10308 0.06420 0.3838
Max 26.17 16.51 19.0 0.10308 0.06604 0.3946

Min 25.73 16.05 14.8 0.10132 0.06420 0.3838
Mean 25.92 16.27 16.8 0.10209 0.06507 0.3893
Sample sd 0.17283 0.18226 1.8229 0.00069132 0.00072905 0.0042468
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2384 2442 2209 2122 2296 2442

30 2130 2157 2075 2048 2048
50 1694 1838 1666 1637 1752
70 979 1036 1094 950 864
90 300 382 246 219 300
D4(h120) B 300 600 949 120
2584 173 1700 375 3676

0 1177 2584 1407 2.19

10 1059 2442 1382 2.30
30 824 2157 1333 2.62
50 589 1838 1249 3.12
70 353 1036 683 2.93
90 118 382 265 3.25
100 0

0.329 0.674 0.345 3.76
174
2500 700
10%
Tank
600
30%
2000
50% 500
1500
400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
Bund
1000 300
70%
200
500
90%
100
0
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.350
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3000
2500
3 2
y = 0.0002x - 0.2284x - 5.537x + 2556.4
2
R = 0.9942
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
175
Table 3.121 Series results for configuration identity E1 (h12)
3 3
E1(h12) A 4.68 4.01 18.2 0.4 0.01712 0.01604 0.4837

B 4.71 3.93 18.6 0.01724 0.01572 0.4769
C 4.66 3.93 18.6 0.01704 0.01572 0.4799
D 4.66 3.95 18.5 0.01704 0.01580 0.4811
E 4.64 4.11 18.2 0.01696 0.01644 0.4922
Max 4.71 4.11 18.6 0.01724 0.01644 0.4922

Min 4.64 3.93 18.2 0.01696 0.01572 0.4769
Mean 4.67 3.99 18.4 0.01708 0.01594 0.4828
Sample sd 0.02646 0.07668 0.2049 0.00010583 0.00030672 0.0058161
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
40 442 642 654 596 352 654

50 533 391 333 328 347
60 313 370 325 362 293
70 348 343 360 311 371
80 328 399 385 402 341
Table 3.122 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity E1 (h12)
E1(h12) C 300 120 995 12
1937 20 201 44 435

0 118 1937 1820 16.46

40 71 654 583 9.26
50 59 333 274 5.66
60 47 325 277 6.89
70 35 360 325 10.19
80 24 385 362 16.36
100 0

0.606 1.113 0.507 2.74
176
configuration identity E1 (h12)
700 140
Tank 40%
600 120
500 100
80%
400 70% 80
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
300 60
50%
60%
200 40
Bund
100 20
0 0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-100 -20
Time (sec)

2500
2000
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
3 2
y = 0.002x + 0.1217x - 41.414x + 1939.6
2
R = 0.9936
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
177
3 3
E1(h30) A 8.31 12.76 19.7 0.4 0.03164 0.05104 0.6173

B 8.37 12.81 18.0 0.03188 0.05124 0.6165
C 8.37 12.80 18.0 0.03188 0.05120 0.6163
D 8.41 12.81 17.7 0.03204 0.05124 0.6153
E 8.43 12.76 17.2 0.03212 0.05104 0.6138
Max 8.43 12.81 19.7 0.03212 0.05124 0.6173

Min 8.31 12.76 17.2 0.03164 0.05104 0.6138
Mean 8.38 12.79 18.1 0.03191 0.05115 0.6158
Sample sd 0.04604 0.02588 0.9418 0.00018417 0.00010354 0.0013618
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 1180 1232 1151 1279 1599 1599

30 964 967 1035 1101 959
50 956 922 1103 999 905
70 1008 884 967 976 988
90 729 710 688 787 587
E1(h30) E 300 300 995 30
2879 66 650 113 1106

0 294 2879 2585 9.78

20 235 1599 1363 6.79
30 206 959 753 4.65
50 147 905 758 6.15
70 88 988 899 11.18
90 29 587 558 19.96
100 0

0.683 1.075 0.392 3.55
178
1800 350
1600
300
Tank 20%
1400
30% 250
1200
50%
70% 200
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
800 150
90%
600
100
400 Bund
50
200
0
0
0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-200 -50
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
3 2
y = -0.0111x + 1.9091x - 107.43x + 2910.7
2
R = 0.9848
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
179
3 3
E1(h60) A 12.98 28.99 17.8 0.4 0.05032 0.11596 0.6974

B 13.10 28.97 17.2 0.05080 0.11588 0.6952
C 13.12 29.00 16.8 0.05088 0.11600 0.6951
D 13.18 28.91 16.0 0.05112 0.11564 0.6935
E 13.14 29.00 15.7 0.05096 0.11600 0.6948
Max 13.18 29.00 17.8 0.05112 0.11600 0.6974

Min 12.98 28.91 15.7 0.05032 0.11564 0.6935
Mean 13.10 28.97 16.7 0.05082 0.11590 0.6952
Sample sd 0.07537 0.03782 0.8602 0.00030146 0.00015126 0.0014130
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 3410 4331 2334 2215 2331 4331

30 2075 2171 1950 2144 2026
50 2128 2171 1970 2005 1970
70 2053 2012 1915 1935 1929
90 1347 1442 1431 1262 1374
E1(h60) B 300 600 995 60
5411 169 1655 246 2413

0 589 5411 4823 9.19

10 530 4331 3801 8.18
30 412 2171 1759 5.27
50 294 2171 1877 7.38
70 177 2012 1836 11.40
90 59 1442 1384 24.51
100 0

0.501 0.852 0.351 3.96
180
4500 700
10%
4000
600
Tank
3500
500
3000
30%
50% 400
Fluid depth (mm)

2500
Pressure (Pa)
70%
2000 300
Bund
1500
200
1000 90%
100
500
0
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
-500 -100
Time (sec)

6000
5000
4000
3 2
y = -0.018x + 3.133x - 181.66x + 5553.1
Pressure (Pa)
2
R = 0.9842
3000
2000
1000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
181
3 3
E2(h12) A 5.24 3.46 18.2 0.4 0.01936 0.01384 0.4169

B 5.17 3.52 18.6 0.01908 0.01408 0.4246
C 5.17 3.49 18.8 0.01908 0.01396 0.4225
D 5.25 3.44 18.4 0.01940 0.01376 0.4150
E 5.13 3.60 18.3 0.01892 0.01440 0.4322
Max 5.25 3.60 18.8 0.01940 0.01440 0.4322

Min 5.13 3.44 18.2 0.01892 0.01376 0.4150
Mean 5.19 3.50 18.5 0.01917 0.01401 0.4222
Sample sd 0.05119 0.06261 0.2408 0.00020474 0.00025044 0.0068235
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
40 421 427 282 250 416 427

50 333 339 279 240 216
60 379 468 439 333 287
70 343 256 417 363 288
80 320 262 216 393 350
E2(h12) B 300 120 1039 12
782 18 180 54 531

0 118 782 664 6.64

40 71 427 357 6.05
50 59 339 280 5.75
60 47 468 421 9.94
70 35 256 221 7.26
80 24 262 239 11.14
100 0

0.512 1.004 0.492 3.00
182
500 140
Tank 60% 40%

120
400
100
50%
300
70% 80% 80
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
200 60
40
Bund
100
20
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 0
-100 -20
Time (sec)

900
800
700
600 3 2
y = -0.0027x + 0.3892x - 20.335x + 781.77
2
R = 0.9061
500
Pressure (Pa)
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-100
-200
Height (%)
183
3 3
E2(h30) A 8.80 12.16 19.0 0.4 0.03360 0.04864 0.5914

B 8.86 12.23 19.2 0.03384 0.04892 0.5911
C 8.98 12.31 18.5 0.03432 0.04924 0.5893
D 8.86 12.38 18.3 0.03384 0.04952 0.5940
E 8.94 12.16 17.8 0.03416 0.04864 0.5874
Max 8.98 12.38 19.2 0.03432 0.04952 0.5940

Min 8.80 12.16 17.8 0.03360 0.04864 0.5874
Mean 8.89 12.25 18.6 0.03395 0.04899 0.5907
Sample sd 0.07155 0.09628 0.5595 0.00028622 0.00038512 0.0024790
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 780 1055 1166 1201 1195 1201

30 535 961 896 953 877
50 1057 976 1106 1094 1103
70 858 901 1028 953 976
90 721 683 672 579 620
E2(h30) D 300 300 1039 30
1695 62 611 133 1306

0 294 1695 1401 5.76

20 235 1201 965 5.10
30 206 953 747 4.63
50 147 1094 947 7.44
70 88 953 865 10.79
90 29 579 550 19.68
100 0

0.408 0.814 0.406 3.64
184
1400 350
Tank
1200 300
1000 250
20%
800 30% 200
Fluid depth (mm)

70%
Pressure (Pa)
50% 90%
600 150
400 100
Bund
200 50
0 0
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1800
1600
1400
3 2
y = -0.0067x + 0.9585x - 44.564x + 1701.3
2
R = 0.9747
1200
Pressure (Pa)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
185
3 3
E2(h60) A 13.74 28.23 18.9 0.4 0.05336 0.11292 0.6791

B 13.64 28.42 18.4 0.05296 0.11368 0.6822
C 13.65 28.42 17.5 0.05300 0.11368 0.6820
D 13.55 28.53 17.1 0.05260 0.11412 0.6845
E 13.87 28.25 17.0 0.05388 0.11300 0.6771
Max 13.87 28.53 18.9 0.05388 0.11412 0.6845

Min 13.55 28.23 17.0 0.05260 0.11292 0.6771
Mean 13.69 28.37 17.8 0.05316 0.11348 0.6810
Sample sd 0.12104 0.12708 0.8349 0.00048415 0.00050833 0.0028853
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2017 2116 2116 1852 1887 2116

30 1996 2013 1958 2007 1925
50 2033 2013 1927 1964 2059
70 1831 1840 1768 1840 1854
90 1207 1218 1120 1071 1123
E2(h60) B 300 600 1039 60
2168 168 1648 255 2497

0 589 2168 1579 3.68

10 530 2116 1586 3.99
30 412 2013 1601 4.88
50 294 2013 1719 6.84
70 177 1840 1663 10.42
90 59 1218 1160 20.70
100 0

0.575 0.949 0.374 3.95
186
700
Tank
600
1800
10% 500
30%
50% 70%
1300 400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
90% 300
800
200
Bund
100
300
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

-200 -100
Time (sec)

2500
2000
3 2
y = -0.0046x + 0.4578x - 14.745x + 2186.6
2
R = 0.9962
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
187
3 3
E3(h12) A 5.79 2.84 17.3 0.4 0.02156 0.01136 0.3451

B 5.76 2.85 18.2 0.02144 0.01140 0.3471
C 5.74 2.89 17.9 0.02136 0.01156 0.3512
D 5.78 2.86 17.6 0.02152 0.01144 0.3471
E 5.75 2.95 17.4 0.02140 0.01180 0.3554
Max 5.79 2.95 18.2 0.02156 0.01180 0.3554

Min 5.74 2.84 17.3 0.02136 0.01136 0.3451
Mean 5.76 2.88 17.7 0.02146 0.01151 0.3492
Sample sd 0.02074 0.04438 0.3701 0.00008295 0.00017754 0.0041299
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
40 387 340 427 201 419 427

50 377 399 339 374 218
60 333 373 230 270 304
70 216 256 248 242 227
80 169 180 153 167 169
E3(h12) C 300 120 1162 12
782 13 128 41 399

0 118 782 664 6.64

40 71 427 357 6.05
50 59 339 280 5.75
60 47 230 183 4.88
70 35 248 212 7.01
80 24 153 129 6.50
100 0

0.369 0.973 0.604 2.85
188
500 140
Tank
40% 120
400
50% 100
300
80
60% 70%
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
200 60
80%
40
100
Bund
20
0
0.35 0.55 0.75 0.95 1.15 1.35 0
-100 -20
Time (sec)

900
800
700
600
Pressure (Pa)
500
3 2
y = 0.0005x - 0.0312x - 8.7149x + 782.58
2
R = 0.9877
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
189
3 3
E3(h30) A 10.68 10.42 17.7 0.4 0.04112 0.04168 0.5034

B 10.75 10.42 16.5 0.04140 0.04168 0.5017
C 10.77 10.38 17.0 0.04148 0.04152 0.5002
D 10.74 10.42 16.3 0.04136 0.04168 0.5019
E 10.78 10.31 15.9 0.04152 0.04124 0.4983
Max 10.78 10.42 17.7 0.04152 0.04168 0.5034

Min 10.68 10.31 15.9 0.04112 0.04124 0.4983
Mean 10.74 10.39 16.7 0.04138 0.04156 0.5011
Sample sd 0.03912 0.04796 0.6943 0.00015646 0.00019183 0.0019211
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 965 982 1061 1084 953 1084

30 989 838 855 797 890
50 974 1126 945 956 821
70 818 846 872 869 789
90 525 587 527 514 516
E3(h30) D 300 300 1162 30
1658 46 456 146 1436

0 294 1658 1364 5.63

20 235 1084 849 4.61
30 206 797 591 3.87
50 147 956 809 6.50
70 88 869 781 9.85
90 29 514 484 17.45
100 0

0.649 1.120 0.471 3.66
190
1200 350
Tank
300
1000
250
800
20%
30% 200
Fluid depth (mm)

50% 70%
Pressure (Pa)
600
90%
150
400
100
Bund
200
50
0
0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1800
1600
1400
1200 3 2
y = -0.0075x + 1.109x - 52.072x + 1667
2
Pressure (Pa)
R = 0.9728
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
191
3 3
E3(h60) A 15.60 26.34 17.1 0.4 0.06080 0.10536 0.6341

B 15.50 26.56 16.3 0.06040 0.10624 0.6375
C 15.61 26.48 15.9 0.06084 0.10592 0.6352
D 15.68 26.39 15.7 0.06112 0.10556 0.6333
E 15.84 26.31 15.6 0.06176 0.10524 0.6302
Max 15.84 26.56 17.1 0.06176 0.10624 0.6375

Min 15.50 26.31 15.6 0.06040 0.10524 0.6302
Mean 15.65 26.42 16.1 0.06098 0.10566 0.6341
Sample sd 0.12602 0.10310 0.6099 0.00050406 0.00041241 0.0026910
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 2445 2822 2692 2567 2221 2822

30 1961 1991 1950 1925 1783
50 1815 1812 1772 1959 1916
70 1606 1598 1451 1678 1673
90 1142 896 923 956 861
E3(h60) B 300 600 1162 60
3238 143 1402 294 2882

0 589 3238 2650 5.50

10 530 2822 2293 5.33
30 412 1991 1579 4.83
50 294 1812 1518 6.16
70 177 1598 1421 9.05
90 59 896 837 15.22
100 0

0.498 0.924 0.426 4.05
192
3000 700
Tank
600
2500
500
2000
10%
30% 400
Fluid depth (mm)

50%
Pressure (Pa)
1500
70% 300
1000
Bund
200
90%
500
100
0
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3500
3000
2500
3 2
y = -0.0082x + 1.2293x - 70.526x + 3297.4
2
R = 0.9934
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
193
3 3
E4(h12) A 6.98 1.75 17.7 0.4 0.02632 0.00700 0.2101

B 6.86 1.84 18.6 0.02584 0.00736 0.2217
C 6.95 1.81 18.4 0.02620 0.00724 0.2165
D 6.90 1.75 18.0 0.02600 0.00700 0.2121
E 6.93 1.83 17.9 0.02612 0.00732 0.2189
Max 6.98 1.84 18.6 0.02632 0.00736 0.2217

Min 6.86 1.75 17.7 0.02584 0.00700 0.2101
Mean 6.92 1.80 18.1 0.02610 0.00718 0.2159
Sample sd 0.04615 0.04336 0.3701 0.00018461 0.00017344 0.0047684
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
40 169 195 203 206 163 206

50 145 311 172 172 232
60 129 250 192 101 238
70 135 173 167 86 216
80 74 145 44 55 74
E4(h12) D 300 120 1342 12
344 12 121 37 364

0 118 344 226 2.92

40 71 206 136 2.92
50 59 172 113 2.92
60 47 101 53 2.13
70 35 86 51 2.45
80 24 55 31 2.32
100 0

0.210 0.953 0.743 2.80
194
250 140
Tank
120
200
100
150
40% 80
Fluid depth (mm)

50% 70%
Pressure (Pa)
100 60
60% 80%
Bund
40
50
20
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0
-50 -20
Time (sec)

400
350
300
250
Pressure (Pa)
200
3 2
y = 0.0009x - 0.111x - 0.2969x + 343.67
2
R = 0.9925
150
100
50
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
195
3 3
E4(h30) A 12.78 8.26 18.5 0.4 0.04952 0.03304 0.4002

B 12.85 8.28 18.4 0.04980 0.03312 0.3994
C 12.89 8.34 18.2 0.04996 0.03336 0.4004
D 13.03 8.12 17.4 0.05052 0.03248 0.3913
E 13.02 8.27 16.7 0.05048 0.03308 0.3959
Max 13.03 8.34 18.5 0.05052 0.03336 0.4004

Min 12.78 8.12 16.7 0.04952 0.03248 0.3913
Mean 12.91 8.25 17.8 0.05006 0.03302 0.3974
Sample sd 0.10877 0.08112 0.7701 0.00043506 0.00032447 0.0038726
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 1009 997 959 863 962 1009

30 931 808 797 634 776
50 913 959 761 695 882
70 654 731 708 668 812
90 322 402 298 290 473
E4(h30) A 300 300 1342 30
1163 30 294 157 1540

0 294 1163 869 3.95

20 235 1009 773 4.28
30 206 931 725 4.52
50 147 913 766 6.21
70 88 654 565 7.40
90 29 322 293 10.95
100 0

0.612 1.155 0.543 3.84
196
1100 350
Tank
300
900
250
700
20% 70% 200
Fluid depth (mm)

30%
Pressure (Pa)
50% Bund
500 150
100
90%
300
50
100
0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

-100 -50
Time (sec)

1400
1200
1000
3 2
y = -0.0021x + 0.2122x - 11.108x + 1160.1
2
R = 0.9908
Pressure (Pa)
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
197
3 3
E4(h60) A 18.35 23.66 17.6 0.4 0.07180 0.09464 0.5686

B 18.37 23.74 17.4 0.07188 0.09496 0.5692
C 18.44 23.90 16.0 0.07216 0.09560 0.5699
D 18.54 23.74 15.6 0.07256 0.09496 0.5669
E 18.47 23.89 15.5 0.07228 0.09556 0.5694
Max 18.54 23.90 17.6 0.07256 0.09560 0.5699

Min 18.35 23.66 15.5 0.07180 0.09464 0.5669
Mean 18.43 23.79 16.4 0.07214 0.09514 0.5688
Sample sd 0.07701 0.10479 1.0060 0.00030803 0.00041914 0.0011587
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1974 1930 1788 1808 1712 1974

30 1652 1887 1690 1794 1808
50 1760 1861 1671 1832 1832
70 1460 1511 1425 1555 1581
90 948 923 852 1054 1063
E4(h60) A 300 600 1342 60
2134 99 971 274 2692

0 589 2134 1546 3.63

10 530 1974 1444 3.73
30 412 1652 1240 4.01
50 294 1760 1466 5.98
70 177 1460 1283 8.27
90 59 948 889 16.10
100 0

0.213 0.697 0.484 4.31
198
2000 700
Tank
600
1500
10% 500
30%
50% 70%
400
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
90% 300
500
200
Bund
100
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
-500 -100
Time (sec)

2500
2000
3 2
y = -0.0055x + 0.6696x - 29.212x + 2153.5
2
R = 0.9798
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
199
Table 3.145 Series results for configuration identity F1 (h6)
3 3
F1(h6) A 4.77 3.87 17.9 0.4 0.01748 0.01548 0.4697

B 4.70 3.93 18.6 0.01720 0.01572 0.4775
C 4.72 3.89 18.7 0.01728 0.01556 0.4738
D 4.73 3.89 18.3 0.01732 0.01556 0.4732
E 4.74 3.96 18.2 0.01736 0.01584 0.4771
Max 4.77 3.96 18.7 0.01748 0.01584 0.4775

Min 4.70 3.87 17.9 0.01720 0.01548 0.4697
Mean 4.73 3.91 18.3 0.01733 0.01563 0.4743
Sample sd 0.02588 0.03633 0.3209 0.00010354 0.00014533 0.0032077
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
75 150 151 126 112 161 161
Table 3.146 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity F1 (h6)
F1(h6) E 300 120 1407 6
Na 13 127 18 174

0 59
10 53
30 41
50 29
75 15 161 147 10.96
90 6
100 0

0.458 1.258 0.800 2.77
200
configuration identity F1 (h6)
200 130
Tank
110
150
75% 90
Fluid depth (mm)

100
Pressure (Pa)
70
50
50
30
Bund
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 10
-50 -10
Time (sec)
75% from base Tank depth Bund depth

180
160
140
120
Pressure (Pa)
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
Static pressure Dynamic pressure
201
3 3
F1(h15) A 8.30 12.79 18.9 0.4 0.03160 0.05116 0.6182

B 8.32 12.84 17.8 0.03168 0.05136 0.6185
C 8.34 12.85 17.6 0.03176 0.05140 0.6181
D 8.32 12.87 17.7 0.03168 0.05148 0.6190
E 8.27 12.92 17.2 0.03148 0.05168 0.6215
Max 8.34 12.92 18.9 0.03176 0.05168 0.6215

Min 8.27 12.79 17.2 0.03148 0.05116 0.6181
Mean 8.31 12.85 17.8 0.03164 0.05142 0.6191
Sample sd 0.02646 0.04722 0.6348 0.00010583 0.00018889 0.0013944
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
30 853 903 696 785 663 903

50 832 867 744 797 882
70 816 890 775 873 731
80 721 731 917 743 769
90 613 671 494 597 522
F1(h15) B 300 300 1407 15
956 17 169 58 571

0 147 956 809 6.50

30 103 903 800 8.76
50 74 867 793 11.78
70 44 890 846 20.17
80 29 731 702 24.85
90 15 671 656 45.58
100 0

0.116 0.690 0.574 3.86
202
1000 350
Tank
300
800
30% 250
50%
600 70%
80% 200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
90%
400 150
100
200
Bund 50
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1200
1000
3 2
y = -0.0016x + 0.172x - 5.8847x + 956.99
2
R = 0.9191
800
Pressure (Pa)
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
203
3 3
F1(h30) A 12.89 29.12 17.8 0.4 0.04996 0.11648 0.6998

B 12.92 29.08 17.4 0.05008 0.11632 0.6990
C 13.04 29.06 17.0 0.05056 0.11624 0.6969
D 13.13 29.06 16.8 0.05092 0.11624 0.6954
E 13.18 29.04 16.6 0.05112 0.11616 0.6944
Max 13.18 29.12 17.8 0.05112 0.11648 0.6998

Min 12.89 29.04 16.6 0.04996 0.11616 0.6944
Mean 13.03 29.07 17.1 0.05053 0.11629 0.6971
Sample sd 0.12677 0.03033 0.4817 0.00050707 0.00012133 0.0023176
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 1847 1862 1737 1698 1859 1862

30 1633 1714 1882 1506 1663
50 1555 1654 1511 1552 1795
70 1726 1681 1742 1566 1761
90 1430 1341 1194 1257 1110
F1(h30) B 300 600 1407 30
2158 65 640 160 1571

0 294 2158 1864 7.33

20 235 1862 1626 7.91
30 206 1714 1508 8.32
50 147 1654 1507 11.24
70 88 1681 1593 19.04
90 29 1341 1312 45.58
100 0

0.094 0.604 0.510 4.34
204
2000 700
Tank
600
1500
20% 500
30%
50%
70% 400
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
90%
300
500
200
Bund
100
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
-500 -100
Time (sec)

2500
2000
3 2
y = -0.004x + 0.5692x - 27.893x + 2171.7
2
R = 0.978
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
205
3 3
F2(h6) A 5.05 3.60 17.6 0.4 0.01860 0.01440 0.4364

B 5.10 3.52 18.1 0.01880 0.01408 0.4282
C 5.15 3.46 18.0 0.01900 0.01384 0.4214
D 5.15 3.49 17.9 0.01900 0.01396 0.4235
E 5.07 3.66 18.0 0.01868 0.01464 0.4394
Max 5.15 3.66 18.1 0.01900 0.01464 0.4394

Min 5.05 3.46 17.6 0.01860 0.01384 0.4214
Mean 5.10 3.55 17.9 0.01882 0.01418 0.4298
Sample sd 0.04561 0.08234 0.1924 0.00018243 0.00032936 0.0078476
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
75 68 12 60 36 74 74
F2(h6) E 300 120 1470 6
Na 14 135 22 214

0 59
10 53
30 41
50 29
75 15 74 59 5.04
90 6
100 0

0.404 1.269 0.865 2.71
206
80 130
Tank
70
110
60
75% 90
50
Fluid depth (mm)

40
Pressure (Pa)
70
30
50
20
10 30
Bund
0
0.3 0.8 1.3 1.8 2.3 10
-10
-20 -10
Time (sec)

80
70
60
50
Pressure (Pa)
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
207
3 3
F2(h15) A 8.86 12.23 18.7 0.4 0.03384 0.04892 0.5911

B 8.89 12.24 17.7 0.03396 0.04896 0.5904
C 8.90 12.28 17.4 0.03400 0.04912 0.5910
D 8.89 12.23 17.6 0.03396 0.04892 0.5903
E 8.94 12.24 17.2 0.03416 0.04896 0.5890
Max 8.94 12.28 18.7 0.03416 0.04912 0.5911

Min 8.86 12.23 17.2 0.03384 0.04892 0.5890
Mean 8.90 12.24 17.7 0.03398 0.04898 0.5904
Sample sd 0.02881 0.02074 0.5805 0.00011524 0.00008295 0.0008221
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
30 741 858 560 725 746 858

50 751 713 965 752 833
70 787 909 661 773 685
80 831 809 779 666 710
90 662 432 85 331 197
F2(h15) B 300 300 1470 15
1075 16 155 56 550

0 147 1075 927 7.30

30 103 858 754 8.32
50 74 713 639 9.69
70 44 909 865 20.59
80 29 809 780 27.49
90 15 432 417 29.33
100 0

0.031 0.625 0.594 3.94
208
1000 350
Tank
300
800
30% 250
50%
600 70%
80% 200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
90%
400 150
100
200
Bund 50
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0
-200 -50
Time (sec)

1200
1000
3 2
y = -0.0059x + 0.7743x - 28.583x + 1088.8
2
R = 0.8292
800
Pressure (Pa)
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
209
3 3
F2(h30) A 13.67 28.31 18.0 0.4 0.05308 0.11324 0.6809

B 13.89 28.11 17.2 0.05396 0.11244 0.6757
C 13.87 28.25 17.0 0.05388 0.11300 0.6771
D 13.94 28.18 16.7 0.05416 0.11272 0.6755
E 13.97 28.23 16.6 0.05428 0.11292 0.6754
Max 13.97 28.31 18.0 0.05428 0.11324 0.6809

Min 13.67 28.11 16.6 0.05308 0.11244 0.6754
Mean 13.87 28.22 17.1 0.05387 0.11286 0.6769
Sample sd 0.11756 0.07537 0.5568 0.00047023 0.00030146 0.0023215
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 1732 1703 1788 1716 1850 1850

30 1558 1505 1507 1441 1382
50 1547 1597 1603 1333 1453
70 1678 1821 1700 1478 1631
90 1009 1135 1049 1195 1242
F2(h30) E 300 600 1470 30
2787 56 552 160 1572

0 294 2787 2493 9.47

20 235 1850 1615 7.86
30 206 1382 1176 6.71
50 147 1453 1306 9.88
70 88 1631 1543 18.47
90 29 1242 1212 42.19
100 0

0.101 0.648 0.547 4.28
210
2000 700
Tank
20% 600
70%
1500
500
50%
30%
400
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
90% 300
500
200
Bund
100
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3000
2500
3 2
y = -0.0104x + 1.6913x - 85.133x + 2816.2
2
R = 0.9739
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
211
3 3
F3(h6) A 6.04 2.57 18.1 0.4 0.02256 0.01028 0.3130

B 6.07 2.58 18.8 0.02268 0.01032 0.3127
C 6.04 2.60 18.7 0.02256 0.01040 0.3155
D 6.07 2.57 18.4 0.02268 0.01028 0.3119
E 6.05 2.58 18.3 0.02260 0.01032 0.3135
Max 6.07 2.60 18.8 0.02268 0.01040 0.3155

Min 6.04 2.57 18.1 0.02256 0.01028 0.3119
Mean 6.05 2.58 18.5 0.02262 0.01032 0.3133
Sample sd 0.01517 0.01225 0.2881 0.00006066 0.00004899 0.0013600
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
75 33 16 29 17 45 45
F3(h6) E 300 120 1643 6
Na 13 128 17 171

0 59
10 53
30 41
50 29
75 15 45 30 3.06
90 6
100 0

0.551 1.913 1.362 1.97
212
50 130
Tank
110
40
75%
90
30
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
70
20
50
10
30
Bund
0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
-10 -10
Time (sec)

70
60
50
Pressure (Pa)
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
213
3 3
F3(h15) A 10.53 10.54 19.7 0.4 0.04052 0.04216 0.5099

B 10.56 10.60 18.9 0.04064 0.04240 0.5106
C 10.68 10.55 18.8 0.04112 0.04220 0.5065
D 10.67 10.48 18.5 0.04108 0.04192 0.5051
E 10.69 10.52 17.9 0.04116 0.04208 0.5055
Max 10.69 10.60 19.7 0.04116 0.04240 0.5106

Min 10.53 10.48 17.9 0.04052 0.04192 0.5051
Mean 10.63 10.54 18.8 0.04090 0.04215 0.5075
Sample sd 0.07503 0.04382 0.6542 0.00030013 0.00017527 0.0025654
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
30 635 775 764 664 615 775

50 620 853 644 621 586
70 649 638 518 594 665
80 721 656 571 551 646
90 337 523 387 474 400
F3(h15) B 300 300 1643 15
657 12 120 53 519

0 147 657 509 4.46

30 103 775 672 7.52
50 74 853 780 11.60
70 44 638 593 14.44
80 29 656 627 22.30
90 15 523 508 35.55
100 0

0.062 0.752 0.690 3.89
214
1000 350
50%
Tank
300
30%
800
250
80%
600 70%
200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
400 150
90%
100
200
Bund 50
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0
-200 -50
Time (sec)

900
800
3 2
y = 2E-05x - 0.1099x + 8.3024x + 652.5
2
R = 0.8581
700
600
Pressure (Pa)
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
215
3 3
F3(h30) A 15.88 26.10 18.3 0.4 0.06192 0.10440 0.6277

B 16.04 26.05 17.9 0.06256 0.10420 0.6249
C 16.11 25.97 17.4 0.06284 0.10388 0.6231
D 16.01 26.11 17.2 0.06244 0.10444 0.6258
E 16.02 26.11 17.1 0.06248 0.10444 0.6257
Max 16.11 26.11 18.3 0.06284 0.10444 0.6277

Min 15.88 25.97 17.1 0.06192 0.10388 0.6231
Mean 16.01 26.07 17.6 0.06245 0.10427 0.6254
Sample sd 0.08349 0.06017 0.5070 0.00033395 0.00024067 0.0016784
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 1684 1737 1775 1936 1734 1936

30 1505 1525 1611 1804 1539
50 1554 1766 1736 1760 1664
70 1330 1451 1445 1468 1507
90 1011 1239 1174 1248 910
F3(h30) D 300 600 1643 30
2200 43 423 153 1502

0 294 2200 1906 7.48

20 235 1936 1700 8.22
30 206 1804 1598 8.76
50 147 1760 1613 11.96
70 88 1468 1380 16.63
90 29 1248 1219 42.42
100 0

0.157 0.760 0.603 4.45
216
2000 700
Tank
600
1500
20% 500
30%
50%
70% 400
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
90% 300
500
200
Bund
100
0
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
0
-500 -100
Time (sec)

2500
2000
3 2
y = -0.0016x + 0.215x - 16.685x + 2194.9
2
R = 0.9848
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
217
3 3
F4(h6) A 7.58 0.98 19.0 0.4 0.02872 0.00392 0.1201

B 7.48 1.13 19.5 0.02832 0.00452 0.1376
C 7.62 1.04 19.4 0.02888 0.00416 0.1259
D 7.57 1.03 19.4 0.02868 0.00412 0.1256
E 7.78 1.02 19.3 0.02952 0.00408 0.1214
Max 7.78 1.13 19.5 0.02952 0.00452 0.1376

Min 7.48 0.98 19.0 0.02832 0.00392 0.1201
Mean 7.61 1.04 19.3 0.02882 0.00416 0.1261
Sample sd 0.10991 0.05523 0.1924 0.00043964 0.00022091 0.0069141
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
75 Na 25 Na Na Na 25
F4(h6) B 300 120 1879 6
Na 12 118 12 118

0 59
10 53
30 41
50 29
75 15 25 10 1.68
90 6
100 0

0.587 2.509 1.922 1.64
218
50 130
Tank
40 110
30 90
Fluid depth (mm)

75%
Pressure (Pa)
20 70
10 50
0 30
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
-10 10
Bund
-20 -10
Time (sec)

70
60
50
Pressure (Pa)
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
219
3 3
F4(h15) A 13.13 7.96 19.2 0.4 0.05092 0.03184 0.3847

B 13.11 8.02 18.6 0.05084 0.03208 0.3869
C 13.27 7.88 18.5 0.05148 0.03152 0.3798
D 13.30 7.85 18.3 0.05160 0.03140 0.3783
E 13.19 8.00 18.2 0.05116 0.03200 0.3848
Max 13.30 8.02 19.2 0.05160 0.03208 0.3869

Min 13.11 7.85 18.2 0.05084 0.03140 0.3783
Mean 13.20 7.94 18.6 0.05120 0.03177 0.3829
Sample sd 0.08367 0.07430 0.3912 0.00033466 0.00029719 0.0036635
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
30 673 734 692 583 629 734

50 627 561 619 575 534
70 444 434 549 531 544
80 423 451 420 540 415
90 417 224 205 373 288
F4(h15) B 300 300 1897 15
993 10 94 48 471

0 147 993 846 6.75

30 103 734 631 7.13
50 74 561 488 7.63
70 44 434 390 9.82
80 29 448 418 15.21
90 15 223 208 15.13
100 0

0.161 0.972 0.811 3.94
220
800 350
30%
700 Tank
300
50%
600
250
500
80% 200
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
400
70% 150
300
90%
100
200
50
100
Bund
0 0
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
-100 -50
Time (sec)

1200
1000
800
3 2
y = -0.0014x + 0.1863x - 14.022x + 997.75
Pressure (Pa)
2
R = 0.9745
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
221
3 3
F4(h30) A 19.10 23.01 17.1 0.4 0.07480 0.09204 0.5517

B 19.10 23.08 16.0 0.07480 0.09232 0.5524
C 19.12 23.10 15.8 0.07488 0.09240 0.5524
D 19.17 23.14 15.8 0.07508 0.09256 0.5521
E 19.49 22.84 15.8 0.07636 0.09136 0.5447
Max 19.49 23.14 17.1 0.07636 0.09256 0.5524

Min 19.10 22.84 15.8 0.07480 0.09136 0.5447
Mean 19.20 23.03 16.1 0.07518 0.09214 0.5507
Sample sd 0.16682 0.11824 0.5657 0.00066729 0.00047295 0.0033357
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
20 1623 1773 1637 1591 1456 1773

30 1503 1434 1469 1350 1382
50 1555 1549 1615 1513 1529
70 1283 1490 1188 1763 1617
90 1083 733 836 792 820
F4(h30) B 300 600 1897 30
2452 25 245 132 1297

0 294 2452 2158 8.33

20 235 1773 1538 7.53
30 206 1434 1228 6.96
50 147 1549 1402 10.53
70 88 1490 1402 16.87
90 29 773 744 26.27
100 0

0.237 0.924 0.687 4.65
222
1800 700
20%
1600 Tank
50% 600
30% 70%
1400
500
1200
400
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
90%
800 300
600
200
Bund
400
100
200
0
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
-200 -100
Time (sec)

3000
2500
2000
3 2
y = -0.0106x + 1.471x - 65.648x + 2472.2
Pressure (Pa)
2
R = 0.9831
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
223
APPENDIX 4
224
Table 4.1 Series results for configuration identity Wall 1 (tri)
3 3
Wall 1 (tri) A 21.18 20.87 20.3 0.4 0.08312 0.08348 0.5011

B 21.36 20.71 19.9 0.08384 0.08284 0.4970
C 21.38 20.70 19.4 0.08392 0.08280 0.4966
D 21.37 20.71 19.3 0.08388 0.08284 0.4969
E 21.32 20.77 19.2 0.08368 0.08308 0.4982
Max 21.38 20.87 20.3 0.08392 0.08348 0.5011

Min 21.18 20.70 19.2 0.08312 0.08280 0.4966
Mean 21.32 20.75 19.6 0.08369 0.08301 0.4980
Sample sd 0.08258 0.07155 0.4658 0.00033033 0.00028622 0.0018453
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 3139 3081 3139 3197 3139 3197

30 3031 3113 3004 3141 2977
50 2613 2499 2585 2441 2671
70 1324 1353 1324 1382 1382
90 519 273 219 328 464
Table 4.2 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity Wall 1 (tri)
Configuration Test Series Tank radius, R Tank fluid depth, H Multiple of length, y Bund diagonal, d Bund height, h
identity identity (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Wall 1 (tri) D 300 600 882 624 120
3226 196 1925 216 2122

0 1177 3226 2049 2.74

10 1059 3197 2138 3.02
30 824 3141 2316 3.81
50 589 2441 1853 4.15
70 353 1382 1029 3.91
90 118 328 210 2.78
100 0

0.271 0.474 0.203 3.19
225
configuration identity Wall 1 (tri)
3500 700
Tank 10%
3000 600
30%
2500
50% 500
2000 400
Fluid depth (mm)

Pressure (Pa)
70%
1500 300
1000 200
500
Bund 100
0 90% 0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
-500 -100
Time (sec)

3500
3000
3 2
y = 0.0035x - 0.8989x + 21.091x + 3172.8
2
R = 0.9974
2500
2000
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-500
Height (%)
226
Table 4.3 Series results for configuration identity Wall 2 (squ)
3 3
Wall 2 (squ) A 21.81 20.12 20.3 0.4 0.08564 0.08048 0.4845

B 22.07 19.95 19.5 0.08668 0.07980 0.4793
C 22.00 20.17 19.2 0.08640 0.08068 0.4829
D 21.65 20.41 19.0 0.08500 0.08164 0.4899
E 21.68 20.51 19.0 0.08512 0.08204 0.4908
Max 22.07 20.51 20.3 0.08668 0.08204 0.4908

Min 21.65 19.95 19.0 0.08500 0.07980 0.4793
Mean 21.84 20.23 19.4 0.08577 0.08093 0.4855
Sample sd 0.18780 0.22632 0.5431 0.00075121 0.00090527 0.0048315
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 3372 3256 3285 3139 3285 3372

30 3031 2949 3195 2895 2867
50 2728 2814 2671 2585 2700
70 2332 2188 2303 2246 2102
90 1284 1147 1093 1093 1147
Table 4.4 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity Wall 2 (squ)
Wall 2 (squ) A 300 600 624 582 120
3542 156 1528 254 2490

0 1177 3542 2365 3.01

10 1059 3372 2312 3.18
30 824 3031 2207 3.68
50 589 2728 2140 4.64
70 353 2332 1979 6.60
90 118 1284 1166 10.91
100 0

0.559 0.868 0.309 1.83
227
configuration identity Wall 2 (squ)
3500 700
10%
Tank 30%
3000 600
50%
2500 500
2000 400
Fluid depth (mm)

70%
Pressure (Pa)
1500 300
90%
1000 200
500 100
Bund
0 0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-500 -100
Time (sec)

4000
3500
3 2
y = -0.0055x + 0.5395x - 29.017x + 3568.9
2
R = 0.9978
3000
2500
Pressure (Pa)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
228
Table 4.5 Series results for configuration identity Wall 3 (rect)
3 3
Wall 3 (rect) A 22.23 19.71 20.6 0.4 0.08732 0.07884 0.4745

B 22.14 19.95 20.1 0.08696 0.07980 0.4785
C 22.51 19.63 19.7 0.08844 0.07852 0.4703
D 22.22 19.92 19.3 0.08728 0.07968 0.4772
E 22.42 19.88 19.2 0.08808 0.07952 0.4745
Max 22.51 19.95 20.6 0.08844 0.07980 0.4785

Min 22.14 19.63 19.2 0.08696 0.07852 0.4703
Mean 22.30 19.82 19.8 0.08762 0.07927 0.4750
Sample sd 0.15437 0.14025 0.5805 0.00061748 0.00056100 0.0031706
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 3953 3663 3837 3866 3517 3953

30 3523 3441 3741 3414 3496
50 3274 3504 3274 3360 3274
70 2793 2764 2994 2649 2677
90 2377 1885 2049 1830 1666
Table 4.6 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity Wall 3 (rect)
Wall 3 (rect) A 300 600 441 686 120
4168 122 1197 128 1259

0 1177 4168 2991 3.54

10 1059 3953 2894 3.73
30 824 3523 2699 4.28
50 589 3274 2685 5.56
70 353 2793 2439 7.91
90 118 2377 2259 20.19
100 0

0.742 1.094 0.352 2.19
229
configuration identity Wall 3 (rect)
4000 700
10%
3500 Tank 30%
600
50%
3000
500
70%
2500
400
Fluid depth (mm)

90%
Pressure (Pa)
2000
300
1500
200
1000
Bund 100
500
0 0
0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
-500 -100
Time (sec)

4500
4000
3 2
y = -0.0013x + 0.1551x - 23.673x + 4167.4
2
3500 R = 0.9969
3000
Pressure (Pa)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
230
3 3
Wall 4 (tri) A 10.80 10.37 19.3 0.4 0.04160 0.04148 0.4993

B 10.93 10.24 19.6 0.04212 0.04096 0.4930
C 10.85 10.38 19.3 0.04180 0.04152 0.4983
D 10.83 10.35 19.1 0.04172 0.04140 0.4981
E 10.78 10.39 18.3 0.04152 0.04156 0.5002
Max 10.93 10.39 19.6 0.04212 0.04156 0.5002

Min 10.78 10.24 18.3 0.04152 0.04096 0.4930
Mean 10.84 10.35 19.1 0.04175 0.04138 0.4978
Sample sd 0.05805 0.06107 0.4919 0.00023221 0.00024429 0.0027994
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1593 1564 1575 1619 1575 1619

30 1355 1368 1395 1398 1385
50 1307 1278 1341 1304 1330
70 947 979 973 967 939
90 440 486 601 415 459
Wall 4 (tri) D 300 300 882 624 60
1730 79 774 79 779

0 589 1730 1141 2.94

10 530 1619 1089 3.06
30 412 1398 986 3.39
50 294 1304 1010 4.43
70 177 967 791 5.48
90 59 415 356 7.05
100 0

0.690 0.912 0.222 2.92
231
2000 350
Tank
300
10%
1500 30%
50% 250
200
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
70% 150
500
100
90%
Bund 50
0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
0
-500 -50
Time (sec)

2000
1800
1600 3 2
y = -0.0031x + 0.2984x - 16.439x + 1736.9
2
1400
R = 0.9978
1200
Pressure (Pa)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-200
Height (%)
232
3 3
Wall 5 (squ) A 10.88 10.34 19.3 0.4 0.04192 0.04136 0.4966

B 10.81 10.39 19.6 0.04164 0.04156 0.4995
C 10.82 10.40 19.4 0.04168 0.04160 0.4995
D 10.84 10.38 19.2 0.04176 0.04152 0.4986
E 10.78 10.38 19.2 0.04152 0.04152 0.5000
Max 10.88 10.40 19.6 0.04192 0.04160 0.5000

Min 10.78 10.34 19.2 0.04152 0.04136 0.4966
Mean 10.83 10.38 19.3 0.04170 0.04151 0.4988
Sample sd 0.03715 0.02280 0.1673 0.00014859 0.00009121 0.0013414
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1764 1762 1651 1692 1587 1764

30 1521 1382 1324 1316 1305
50 1341 1338 1246 1321 1200
70 1198 1175 858 990 959
90 587 634 574 620 453
Wall 5 (squ) A 300 300 624 582 60
1886 61 599 99 967

0 589 1886 1297 3.20

10 530 1764 1235 3.33
30 412 1521 1109 3.69
50 294 1341 1047 4.56
70 177 1198 1021 6.78
90 59 587 528 9.98
100 0

0.156 0.485 0.329 1.72
233
2000 350
Tank 10%
300
30%
1500
50% 250
70%
200
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
150
90%
500
100
Bund
50
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
0
-500 -50
Time (sec)

2500
2000
3 2
y = -0.004x + 0.4489x - 22.949x + 1911.5
2
R = 0.9931
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
234
3 3
Wall 6 (rect) A 11.32 9.80 19.5 0.4 0.04368 0.03920 0.4730

B 11.38 9.79 19.8 0.04392 0.03916 0.4714
C 11.43 9.82 19.5 0.04412 0.03928 0.4710
D 11.36 9.85 19.4 0.04384 0.03940 0.4733
E 11.42 9.79 19.1 0.04408 0.03916 0.4704
Max 11.43 9.85 19.8 0.04412 0.03940 0.4733

Min 11.32 9.79 19.1 0.04368 0.03916 0.4704
Mean 11.38 9.81 19.5 0.04393 0.03924 0.4718
Sample sd 0.04494 0.02550 0.2510 0.00017978 0.00010198 0.0012663
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
10 1901 1732 1866 1575 1532 1901

30 1710 1677 1652 1499 1385
50 1493 1485 1401 1468 1513
70 1471 1339 1324 1313 1209
90 1374 915 781 1068 1044
Wall 6 (rect) A 300 300 441 686 60
1997 43 421 62 607

0 589 1997 1408 3.39

10 530 1901 1371 3.59
30 412 1710 1298 4.15
50 294 1493 1199 5.07
70 177 1471 1295 8.33
90 59 1374 1315 23.35
100 0

0.200 0.581 0.381 2.03
235
2000 350
10%
Tank
300
1500 30%
50% 250
70%
200
Fluid depth (mm)

1000
Pressure (Pa)
90% 150
500
100
Bund 50
0
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3
0
-500 -50
Time (sec)

2500
2000
3 2
y = 6E-05x + 0.0529x - 12.128x + 2006.1
2
R = 0.9875
1500
Pressure (Pa)
1000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
236
3 3
Wall 7 (tri) A 4.14 4.52 19.1 0.4 0.01496 0.01808 0.5472

B 4.14 4.51 19.2 0.01496 0.01804 0.5467
C 4.15 4.52 19.3 0.01500 0.01808 0.5466
D 4.13 4.59 19.5 0.01492 0.01836 0.5517
E 4.13 4.54 19.6 0.01492 0.01816 0.5490
Max 4.15 4.59 19.6 0.01500 0.01836 0.5517

Min 4.13 4.51 19.1 0.01492 0.01804 0.5466
Mean 4.14 4.54 19.3 0.01495 0.01814 0.5482
Sample sd 0.00837 0.03209 0.2074 0.00003347 0.00012837 0.0021653
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
40 295 263 456 257 296 456

50 381 433 470 396 401
60 355 369 379 337 299
70 335 363 374 449 417
80 325 307 303 249 318
Wall 7 (tri) C 300 120 1247 882 12
403 13 126 19 189

0 118 403 285 3.42

40 71 456 386 6.46
50 59 470 411 7.98
60 47 379 332 8.05
70 35 374 339 10.60
80 24 303 280 12.88
100 0

0.196 0.613 0.417 2.79
237
500 140
50%
Tank
120
40% 60%
400
100
70%
300
80
Fluid depth (mm)

80%
Pressure (Pa)
200 60
40
100
Bund 20
0
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 0
-100 -20
Time (sec)

500
450 3 2
y = 0.0003x - 0.1016x + 5.2235x + 402.77
2
R = 0.903
400
350
300
Pressure (Pa)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
238
3 3
Wall 8 (squ) A 4.36 4.33 19.9 0.4 0.01584 0.01732 0.5223

B 4.42 4.26 20.1 0.01608 0.01704 0.5145
C 4.42 4.29 20.0 0.01608 0.01716 0.5162
D 4.43 4.27 20.0 0.01612 0.01708 0.5145
E 4.48 4.26 19.9 0.01632 0.01704 0.5108
Max 4.48 4.33 20.1 0.01632 0.01732 0.5223

Min 4.36 4.26 19.9 0.01584 0.01704 0.5108
Mean 4.42 4.28 20.0 0.01609 0.01713 0.5157
Sample sd 0.04266 0.02950 0.0837 0.00017065 0.00011798 0.0042177
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
40 265 307 238 161 158 307

50 115 180 138 182 178
60 171 215 481 294 353
70 89 43 95 88 55
80 78 82 85 85 55
Wall 8 (squ) B 300 120 882 947 12
812 9 89 28 272

0 118 812 695 6.90

40 71 307 236 4.34
50 59 180 121 3.06
60 47 215 168 4.57
70 35 43 8 1.22
80 24 82 58 3.48
100 0

0.131 0.769 0.638 2.03
239
400 140
350
120
Tank
300
100
40%
250
60% 50% 80
Fluid depth (mm)

200
Pressure (Pa)
150 60
80%
100
40
50 Bund
70% 20
0
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
0
-50
-100 -20
Time (sec)

900
800
700
600
3 2
y = 0.0001x + 0.068x - 15.712x + 812.09
Pressure (Pa)
2
R = 0.9769
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
240
3 3
Wall 9 (rect) A 4.25 4.46 19.7 0.4 0.01540 0.01784 0.5367

B 4.25 4.43 19.8 0.01540 0.01772 0.5350
C 4.29 4.37 19.5 0.01556 0.01748 0.5291
D 4.29 4.38 19.5 0.01556 0.01752 0.5296
E 4.31 4.36 19.5 0.01564 0.01744 0.5272
Max 4.31 4.46 19.8 0.01564 0.01784 0.5367

Min 4.25 4.36 19.5 0.01540 0.01744 0.5272
Mean 4.28 4.40 19.6 0.01551 0.01760 0.5315
Sample sd 0.02683 0.04301 0.1414 0.00010733 0.00017205 0.0041051
(%) A B C D E (Pa)
40 145 246 119 259 Na 259

50 225 164 145 161 Na
60 395 327 258 243 Na
70 385 337 294 363 Na
80 321 432 298 231 Na
Wall 9 (rect) D 300 120 624 1095 12
649 8 83 8 83

0 118 649 531 5.51

40 71 259 188 3.66
50 59 161 102 2.74
60 47 243 196 5.15
70 35 363 327 10.27
80 24 231 207 9.80
100 0

0.098 0.855 0.757 2.10
241
500 140
Tank 60% 80%

120
400
100
70%
300
80
Fluid depth (mm)

40%
Pressure (Pa)
200 60
50%
40
100
20
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0
Bund
-100 -20
Time (sec)

700
600
500
Pressure (Pa)
400
3 2
y = -0.0039x + 0.6248x - 29.83x + 651.39
2
R = 0.8982
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Height (%)
242
REFERENCES
1.) Cassie S. and Seale L. (2003), “Chemical Storage Tank Systems – Good Practice.”
CIRIA, C598, ISBN 0 86017 598 7, London.
2.) Churchill Controls (1983), “Wave Monitor Manual.” Churchill Controls Ltd.
3.) Clark S.O., Deaves D.M., Lines I.G. and Henson L.C. (2001), “Effects of
Secondary Containment on Source Term Modelling.” HSE Books, ISBN 0 7176
1955 9, Norwich.
4.) Greenspan H.P. and Johansson A.V. (1981), “An Experimental study of Flow Over
an Impounding Dike.” Studies in Applied Mathematics, 64: 211-233
5.) Greenspan H.P. and Young R.E. (1978), “Flow over a Containment dyke.” J. Fluid
Mech., vol. 87, part 1, 179-192.
6.) HSE (2002), Agreement No D4501.
7.) HSE (2000), “Secondary Containment” Technical Measures document.
8.) HSE (2002), Contract Research Report 405/2002, “A Series of Experiments to

Study the Spreading of Liquid Pools with Different Bund Arrangements.” Prepared
for the Health and Safety Executive by Advantica Technologies Ltd.
9.) Kistler (2003), “Universal Pressure Transducers.” Kistler Instruments Ltd.
10.) Sutcliffe R.B. (date unknown), “How to Survive a Bund Inspection.”

Environmental Efficiency Consultants, Ireland.
11.) Trbojevic V.M. and Slater D. (1989), “Tank Failure Modes and Their
Consequences.” Plant/Operations Progress (vol. 8. No 2).
12.) Thyer A.M., Hirst I.L. and Jagger S.F. (2002), “Bund Overtopping – the
consequence of catastrophic tank failure.” Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process
Industries, Elsevier.
13.) Thyer A.M. and MacMillan A.J.R. (1998), “Bund Overtopping Data Correlation.”
Health and Safety Laboratories, Buxton.
14.) Thyer A.M. and Jagger S.F. (1997), “A Review of Data and Models Available for
Estimating the Extent of Bund Overtopping.” Health and Safety Laboratories,
Buxton.
15.) United States Environmental Protection Agency (1997), “Catastrophic Failure of

Storage Tanks.” Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
16.) United States Environmental Protection Agency (2001), “Rupture Hazard from
Liquid Storage Tanks.” Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
243
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.) Michels H.J., Richardson S.M. and Sharifi T. (1998), ‘Catastrophic Failure of
Storage Tanks.’’ I CHEM. E. symposium series No 110.
2.) Ashland Oil Tank Rupture 1988,

http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/pa_env-her/ashland.htm
3.) Bunding and Spill Management,

http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/mao/bundingspill.htm
4.) EPA 080/03 guideline (2003), Bunding and Spill Management,

http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/mao/bundingspill.htm
5.) Geyer W. (2003), ‘Secondary Containment Options Tanks.’’ Steel Tank Institute,
http://www.steeltank.com/library/pubs/secondary.html
244
GLOSSARY
Terms
Mbund Mass of fluid retained by bund

Mslosh Mass of fluid overtopping bund
Vbund Volume of fluid retained by bund
Vslosh Volume of fluid overtopping bund
Vcap Capacity of bund
Vrel Volume released from tank
Dynbase Dynamic pressure at base of bund
Statbase Static pressure at base of bund
Dyn/Statbase Ratio of dynamic and static pressures at the base of the bund
R Radius of tank
r Radius of bund
H Tank height
h Bund height
L Tank to bund separation
Q Experimental overtopping fraction
Qf Predicted overtopping fraction using curve fit to experimental data
QC Predicted overtopping fraction using Clark curve fit
QH Predicted overtopping fraction using Hirst curve fit
θ Angle of bund inclination
tri Triangular plan
squ Square plan
rect Rectangular plan
y Rectangular bund geometry multiple of length
d Rectangular bund geometry diagonal length measured from tank
rc Rectangular bund geometry corner radius
z Separation distance from tank to rectangular bund along multiple of length
Units
m Metres
hrs Hours
mins Minutes
s/secs Seconds
Pa Pascals
N Newtons
g Grammes
l Litres
V Volts
psi Pounds per Square Inch
rpm Revolutions per Minute
% Percentage
º Degrees (angular)
ºC Degrees Centigrade, or Degrees Celsius
245
Multiplier prefixes
G Giga x109
P P
M Mega x106
P P
k Kilo x103
P
c Centi x10-2
P P
m Milli x10-3
P P
µ Micro x10-6
P P
n Nano x10-9
P P
246
Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive
C30 1/98
Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive
C1.10 03/05
ISBN 0-7176-2988-0
RR 333
£25.00 9 78071 7 629886

An experimental investigation of bund wall overtopping and dynamic pressures on the bund wall following
HSE BOOKS
catastrophic failure of a storage vessel

Dike Failure by Tank Failure, Appendix A

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APPENDIX 1

CIRCULAR BUND CONFIGURATIONS

TOTAL NUMBER OF TESTS REQUIRED = 84 (PLUS REPEATABILITY CHECKS)

RECTANGULAR BUND CONFIGURATIONS

Wall No Geometry type y rc z d

1 Triangular (tri) 882 Na 582 624

Wall No Geometry type y rc z d

4 Triangular (tri) 882 Na 582 624

Wall No Geometry type y rc z d

7 Triangular (tri) 1247 Na 947 882

TOTAL NUMBER OF TESTS REQUIRED = 9 (PLUS REPEATABILITY CHECKS)

CIRCULAR BUND CONFIGURATIONS

A1(h120) 120 315 120 10 950

A2(h120) 120 330 120 10 950

A3(h120) 120 360 120 10 950

A4(h120) 120 390 120 10 950

B1(h48) 120 497 48 10 950

B2(h48) 120 520 48 10 950

C1(h36) 120 574 36 100 950

B3(h48) 120 581 48 10 950

C2(h36) 120 600 36 100 950

B4(h48) 120 671 48 100 950

C3(h36) 120 671 36 100 950

D1(h24) 120 704 24 100 950

D2(h24) 120 735 24 100 950

C4(h36) 120 775 36 100 950

D3(h24) 120 822 24 100 950

D4(h24) 120 949 24 10 950

E1(h12) 120 995 12 100 475

E2(h12) 120 1039 12 100 475

E3(h12) 120 1162 12 100 475

E4(h12) 120 1342 12 100 475

F1(h6) 120 1407 6 200 475

F2(h6) 120 1470 6 200 475

F3(h6) 120 1643 6 200 475

F4(h6) 120 1897 6 200 475

RECTANGULAR BUND CONFIGURATIONS

Wall 1 (tri) 600 120 882 10 950

Wall 4 (tri) 300 60 882 100 950

Wall 7 (tri) 120 12 1247 200 475

Bund height Sensor positions Sensor position

Date 13/01/2004 Pipe & valve adjustment (kg) 0.40

1 14.4 15.58 5.83 0.28

Mean 16.18 15.59 5.75 0.27

Max overtopping 0.28

Date 13/01/2004 Pipe & valve adjustment (kg) 0.40

1 14.6 15.91 5.29 0.25 92.6

Mean 14.22 15.86 5.37 0.26 93.9

Max overtopping 0.27

A1(h120) A 8.57 0.02 19.3 0.4 0.03268 0.00008 0.0024

Max 8.62 0.09 19.5 0.03288 0.00036 0.0108

10 1046 843 998 785 814 1046

Table 3.2 Worst-case dynamic pressures for configuration identity A1 (h120)

A1(h120) A 300 120 315 120

1174 94 924 177 1732

Height from Static Dynamic Local Local

0 1177 1174 -4 1.00

Release time Impact time Time taken Impact Velocity

Plot of pressure & fluid depth against time

Fluid depth (mm)

Chart 3.2 Plot of static and dynamic pressures for

Plot of pressure against % height

Static pressure Dynamic pressure Poly. (Dynamic pressure)

A1(h144) A 8.65 0.02 18.4 0.4 0.03300 0.00008 0.0024