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Abstract
3. Types of Switching
Voice Over internet protocol is a technique in which
ordinary voice signals are converted to packets and There are two type of switching
send over IP networks. VoIP is very cheap way to
transfer voice over a long distance. In 1995 Vocal Tec 3.1. Circuit Switching:
Company of Israel started Internet telephone software
as “Internet Phone Since then in just four year it has In circuit switching there is a dedicated communication
grown very rapidly. In modern era the VOIP is being path between two stations. There are three phases call
used to rout the international calls. establishment, maintenance and termination. In circuit
switching there must have switching capacity and
Keywords: VOIP, Voice Over Internet Protocol, channel capacity to establish connection.
Packets, Switching, Gateways.
3.2. Packet Switching:
1. Introduction:
In packer switching, single node to node link can be
VoIP is sometimes referred to as Internet telephony; it shared by many packets over time. Packets are accepted
is a method of digitizing voice, into packets. Headers even when network is busy. Packets are handled in two
are added to the packets and transmitting those packets ways virtual circuit and datagram.
over a packet switched IP network. [2]
2. Internet Protocol:
9. VoIP Calls:
Types of VoIP calls
9.1. PC-to-PC:
Software install on the machine (PC) allows voice “Fig1.7. VoIP in the PSTN”
“calls” from one PC to another. It enables voice to Source: Peter Ingram, “Voice over Internet Protocol- An
convert into IP packets at PC. [6] introduction”, OfCom
The most common VoIP protocols used are: Remote Voice Protocol (RVP) is MCK (McKesson
1. Megaco H.248 Corporation) Communications' protocol for transporting
2. MGCP digital telephony sessions over packet or circuit based
3. Media Gateway Control Protocol data networks. The protocol is used primarily in Mack’s
4. MIME Extender product family, which extends PBX services
5. RVP over IP over Wide Area Networks (WANs).
6. Remote Voice Protocol Over IP Specification RVP/IP uses TCP to transport signaling and control
7. SAPv2 data, and UDP to transport voice data. Control and
8. Session Announcement Protocol signaling packets carried over TCP are encapsulated
9. SDP using the following format; a header followed by
10. Session Description Protocol signaling or control messages: [4]
11. SGCP
12. Simple Gateway Control Protocol
13. SIP
14. Session Initiation Protocol
15. Skinny
16. Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP)
17. Gateway Control Protocol