MASA’IL OF GHUSUL:

1. The person taking a bath should first of all wash both hands up to the wrists. Then
wash the private parts. The hands and private parts should be washed irrespective
of whether there is any impurity on them or not. Both these have to be washed
under all conditions. Thereafter, any impurity found on the rest of the body should
be washed. Then make wudhu.
2. After performing wudhu, pour water on the head three times. Thereafter pour
water over the right and left shoulders three times each in such a way that water
reaches the entire body. Thereafter move from this place and go to a clean spot
and wash the feet. If the feet were washed when making wudhu there will be no
need to wash them again.
3. Whilst pouring water over the body the first time, rub the body well so that water
reaches everywhere properly and no place remains dry.

FARAIDH OF GHUSUL:
The above method of ghusl is according to the sunnah. Some of the items
explained above are fardh without which ghusl will not be complete and the person will
remain impure. Some other items are sunnah. Observing them entails reward, and by not
carrying them out, ghusl will still be complete. The fardh acts are only three:

(a) To gargle the mouth in such a way that water reaches everywhere.
(b) To wash the nose up to the soft bone.
(c) To pour water over the entire body.

4- Once water reaches the entire body, and the mouth and nose are washed; ghusl
will be complete irrespective of whether one made intention for ghusl or not. Based on
this, if someone stands in the rain in order to cool himself, or falls in a pool, etc. and in
doing so the entire body gets wet and the mouth and nose are also washed - then ghusl
will be complete. Similarly, it is not necessary to read the kalimah or to read it and blow
on the water at the time of making ghusl. Whether one reads the kalimah or not, one will
still get purified. In fact, it is better not to read the kalimah or any other dua while
bathing.

5-Even if an area equal to a hair's breadth is left dry, ghusl will not be complete. In
the same way, if one forgets to gargle the mouth or wash the nose, ghusl will not be
complete.
6-If after having a bath, one remembers that a particular area was left dry, then it is
not necessary to repeat the entire ghusl. Instead, only that dry area should be washed.
However, it is not sufficient to merely pass the wet hand over that area. Some water
should be taken and poured over that area. If a person forgets to gargle the mouth, he
should gargle it. And if a person forgets to wash the nose, he should wash it. In other
words, whichever part has been left out, should be washed. It is not necessary to repeat
the entire ghusl.
 7- Nose, ear and finger rings should be moved so that water reaches the holes.
Even if ear-rings are not worn, one should try and put water into the holes. It should not
happen that water does not reach and ghusl remains incomplete. If rings are so loose that
without moving them water will reach below them, then it won't be necessary to move
them. Instead, it will be mustahab to move them.
8-If dough gets stuck under the nails and gets dry and water does not go there, then
ghusl will not be complete. When one remembers and sees the dough, it should be
removed and water poured there. If any salaat was offered prior to pouring water, that
salaat will have to be repeated.
9-Care should be taken that water reaches the nose and the navel. If water does not
reach, ghusl will not be complete.
10-If oil has been applied on the head, hands or feet in such a way that when water
is poured, it passes off without wetting those parts, then there is no harm in this. Once
water has been poured on the entire head and body, the ghusl will be complete.

11-If there is tinsel or decorative paint on the forehead, or some sort of gum has
been applied in such a way that the hair will not get wet properly, then the gum should be
removed and the tinsel washed. If water does not reach under the gum but just flows over
it, ghusl will not be complete.

12- If someone has applied a lot of lipstick, etc. it should be removed first and then
the mouth should be gargled. If not, ghusl will not be complete.

13-Someone has a very sore eye and because of this a lot of pus came out and
became dry in such a way that if it is not removed, water will not reach below it. It will
therefore be wajib to remove it. Without removing it neither wudhu nor ghusl will be
complete.

Things or acts which make ghusl obligatory:

1- If semen is discharged out of passion while one is awake or asleep, ghusl
becomes wajib irrespective of whether it is discharged by touching a person of the
opposite sex, or by having any such thoughts or fantasies, or by any other way -in all
cases, ghusl will be wajib.

2- If one awakens and sees semen on his clothing or body, ghusl will be wajib
irrespective of whether one sees a dream or not.
Note: At the time of excitement, in the beginning a particular fluid which increases the
excitement, comes out. This fluid is called mazi (pre-coital fluid). When climax is
reached and one is satiated, the liquid which comes out at that time is called mani
(semen). That which distinguishes the two is that when semen comes out, one becomes
satisfied and his passion is cooled, while the coming out of mazi does not decrease the
excitement but increases it. Furthermore, mazi is thin while semen is thick. The discharge
of mazi does not make ghusl obligatory; however, wudhu breaks.
 3- When the glans of the penis enters the vagina and is not visible, ghusl becomes
wajib irrespective of whether semen was discharged or not. The insertion of the penis in
the front makes ghusl obligatory irrespective of whether semen is discharged or not. If it
is inserted in the anus, then too ghusl will be obligatory. However, it is a major sin to
insert or ask someone to insert the penis into the anus.

4-That blood which is discharged monthly is called haidh (menstruation, or monthly

period). When this blood stops flowing, ghusl becomes obligatory. That blood which is
discharged after child-birth is called nifaas. Ghusl also becomes obligatory when this
blood stops flowing.
5-If a man's organ touches the private part of a woman and there is no cloth or any
such barrier between them, wudhu will break. Similarly, if the private parts of two
women touch each other, wudhu will break. But to indulge in such acts is a very serious
sin. In both instances, whether any fluid comes out or not, wudhu will break.

In short, ghusl becomes obligatory in four conditions:

(a) Discharge of semen out of excitement.
(b) Entry of the glans of the penis into the vagina (or anus).
(c) At the end of menstruation.
(d) At the end of nifaas.

6- While sleeping, one has a wet dream and even experiences some excitement.
However on awakening, one notices that no semen was discharged. Ghusl will therefore
not be obligatory. However, if semen was discharged, ghusl will be obligatory. If there is
any wetness on the clothing or body, but one is in doubt as to whether it is mazi or semen,
then too it will be obligatory to make ghusl.

7- A little semen comes out and one therefore had a bath. After bathing, more semen
comes out. It will be obligatory to bath again. If after bathing, the husband's semen comes
out of the wife's vagina, the ghusl will be complete and it will not be necessary to repeat
it.

8-If one upon whom ghusl is obligatory, wishes to eat or drink something before
going for a bath, he should first wash his hands, face and gargle his mouth. Thereafter he
should eat and drink. But if he eats or drinks without washing his hands and face, there is
no sin in this.

9- It is not permissible for the one on whom ghusl is obligatory, to touch the Quran,
read it or to enter a musjid. However, it is permissible to take the name of Allah, to read
the kalimah or to read durood shareef (salutations upon Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi wa
sallam). Rules similar to these will Insha Allah be explained in detail in the chapter on
menstruation.

10- To touch the books of tafsir (commentaries of the Quran) without bathing or without
wudhu, is makruh. To touch a Quran with its translation is haraam.(Note: this prohibition
is in regard to the one upon whom ghusl is obligatory).
ACTS WHICH BREAK WUDHU:
1-If liquid comes out from the front organ by touching a person of the opposite sex or
merely having such thoughts, wudhu will break. This liquid which comes out at the time
of excitement or passion is called mazi (pre-coital fluid).

2-If, due to illness, some sticky fluid similar to mucus, comes out from the front organ,
then as a precaution it should be regarded as impure. By it coming out, wudhu will break.

3-If a drop of urine or pre-coital fluid comes out from the urinary passage, but remains
within the foreskin, even then wudhu will break. In order for wudhu to break, it is not
necessary for any liquid to come out from the foreskin.

4-If a man's organ touches the private part of a woman and there is no cloth or any such
barrier between them, wudhu will break. Similarly, if the private parts of two women
touch each other, wudhu will break. But to indulge in such acts is a very serious sin. In
both instances, whether any fluid comes out or not, wudhu will break.