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http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/List_of_national_identity_card_policies_by_country
List of national identity card policies by country
This is a list of identity card policies by country.

Contents
[hide]
• 1 Identity card policies by country
○ 1.1 Countries with compulsory identity cards
○ 1.2 Countries with non-compulsory identity cards
 1.2.1 France
 1.2.2 Sweden
○ 1.3 Countries with no identity cards
• 2 Notes
• 3 References

[edit] Identity card policies by country


[edit] Countries with compulsory identity cards
According to Privacy International, as of 1996[update], around 100 countries had compulsory identity
cards[1]. They also stated that "virtually no common law country has a card"[1].
The term "compulsory" may have different meanings and implications in different countries. The
compulsory character may apply only after a certain age. Often, a ticket can be given for being found
without one's identification document, or in some cases a person may even be detained until the identity
is ascertained. In practice, random controls are rare, except in police states.
English mor
Country Local name short description
name e

Albanian Identity Card


Letërnjoftimi, is a electronic
mor
Albania Identity Card Letërnjoftimi biometric ID card, compulsory upon
e
16 years old and costs 1200 lek
(€10).

National Documento Nacional de mor


Argentina
Identity Card Identidad e

Passport (Belarusian: Пашпарт).


Compulsory at 16. Reissued at 25,
Belarus none 45 and 100. Can be used to travel
to other countries. Could be issued
before 16 for travelling purposes.

Belgium ID Card State Registry (in Dutch, French mor


and German). The card is first e
issued at age 12, compulsory by
15. Since the beginning of 2005 the
eID (electronic IDentity-card) has
been issued to Belgian citizens who
apply for a new identity card. Apart
from being a form of identification,
the card also is used for
authentication purposes. Future
usages include using the eID as a
library card, keycard for restricted
areas or chatrooms and the digital
signing of documents. It is
expected that in 2009 all Belgians
will have an eID card.[2]. The
identity cards for Belgians living
abroad are not electronic cards like
those issued in Belgium. They are,
however, equally valid and are
accepted and used in the same
way as the electronic identity card.
[3]
.

is compulsory at 18. Rarely


Bolivia Cédula de identidad
required by police.

Bosnia and
"Lična karta / Osobna iskaznica / mor
Herzegovin
Лична Карта", compulsory at 16. e
a

Brazil Carteira de identidade Compulsory to be issued and mor


carried since the age of 18 (though e
it can be substituted by a series of
equivalent documents, see below).
It is usually issued, for civilians, by
each state's Public Safety
Secretary, but other state
departments — including the
Armed Forces, the Police and some
professional councils — can issue
alternate identity cards too. There
is a national standard, but each
state can include minor differences
(usually numbering scheme, font,
printed seal and background
pattern. The front has a picture
(with an electronic stamp on it),
right thumb print and signature (for
illiterate people the phrase "não
assina" — cannot sign — is printed
in its place). The verse has the
unique number (RG, registro geral),
expedition date, full name of the
person, name of the parents, place
(town, state) and date of birth, CPF
number and other optional
information. It is green and
plastified, officially 102 × 68 mm[4],
but lamination tends to make it
slightly larger than the ISO/IEC
7810 ID-2 standard of 105 ×
74 mm, resulting in a tight fit in
most wallets. Only recently the
driver's licence received the same
legal status of an identity card in
Brazil. There are also a few other
documents, such as cards issued
by the national councils of some
professions (doctors, accountants,
dentists, engineers, lawyers etc.),
which are considered equivalent to
the national identity card for most
purposes.

Bulgaria лична карта identity card first issued and is compulsory after mor
/ "lichna turning the age of 14. The new e
karta" Bulgarian ID cards were introduced
in 1999. They follow the general
pattern in the EU and replaced the
old, Soviet-style "internal
passports", also known as "green
passports". During the socialism
period (1945–1989), to receive an
"international passport", especially
one allowing to travel to a Western
country, was considered an
achievement. Not all Bulgarian
citizens had the right to travel
abroad, and those who travelled
outside the Soviet bloc underwent
strict investigation for possible links
with political enemies of the
regime. Since January 1, 2007, the
Bulgarian identity card can be used
to travel within the European
Union. Since 29 March 2010[5] new
Bulgarian identity cards were
introduced with embedded chip
with personal data.

First issued at age 2 or 3, it is


Chile Cédula de identidad
compulsory at 18.

Tarjeta - First issued at age 2 or 3,


then it's changed at 18 for another
Tarjeta de identidad /
Colombia identity card called Cédula de
Cédula de Ciudadanía
Ciudadanía. It is only renewed
afterwards if stolen or lost.

Cuba Carné de identidad

Czech
Občanský průkaz compulsory at 15.
Republic

is compulsory to issue at the age of


16. Issued by the Civil Registry
Personality
Office which is subordinate to the
Egypt Verification (‫)بطاقة تحقيق الشخصية‬
Ministry of Interior. Not carrying the
Card
ID card is only penalised by fine not
exceeding 200 EGP.

Germany Identity Card Personalausweis compulsory for all German citizens mor
age 16 or older to possess either a e
"Personalausweis" (identity card) or
a passport, but not to carry it.
While police officers and some
other officials have a right to
demand to see one of those
documents, the law does not state
that one is obliged to submit the
document at that very moment.
Fines may only be applied if an
identity card or passport is not
possessed at all, if the document is
expired or if one explicitly refuses
to show ID to the police. If one is
unable to produce an ID card or
passport (or any other form of
credible identification) during a
police control, one can (in theory)
be brought to the next police post
and detained for max. 12 hours, or
until positive identification is
possible. However, this measure is
only applied if the police have
reasonable grounds to believe the
person detained has committed an
offense.
As driver's licences are not legally
accepted forms of identification in
Germany, most persons actually
carry their "Personalausweis" with
them.[citation needed]

Republic of
Republic of China
Guomin Shenfenzheng/ mor
China National
國民身份證. e
(Taiwan) Identification
Card

All citizens over the age of 16 need


to apply for a National Identity Card
(NIC). Each NIC has a unique 10
digit number, in the format
000000000A (where 0 is a digit and
A is a letter). The first two digits of
the number are your year of birth
(e.g.: 88xxxxxxxx for someone
born in 1988). The final letter is
generally a 'V' or 'X'. An NIC
number is required to apply for a
passport (over 16), driving license
(over 18) and to vote (over 18). In
National ජාතික හැඳුනුම්පත
addition, all citizens are required to mor
Sri Lanka Identity Card (Jaathika Hendunum-
carry their NIC on them at all times e
(NIC) patha)
as proof of identity, given the
security situation in the country.
NICs are not issued to non-citizens,
but they too are required to carry
some form of photo identification
(such as a photocopy of their
passport or foreign driving license)
at all times[6]. In addition the
Department of Post may issue
identity an card with a validity of
five years, this may be gained in
lure of an NIC if the later is unable
to be issued.

• People's Republic of China: First issued at school age, the Resident Identity Card
(PRC) (Chinese: 居民身份证 Pinyin: Jūmín Shēnfènzhèng) becomes compulsory at 16.
• Croatia: The Croatian identity card is compulsory at 16.
• Cyprus: All Residents aged 12 and up are required to carry an official ID card
(http://moi.gov.cy/content.php?subid=180)
• Estonia: See id.ee (in Estonian), id.ee (in English)
• Greece: In Greece, the biggest change in Identity Documents Law happened in
2000, when some fields of the Police Identity Card (as Greeks call it) were rejected.
These fields included religion, addresses, biometric characteristics and fingerprint.
Oppositely, some fields were added. These are Latin transliterations of name and
surname, blood type and Rhesus of the owner. Under this law, all Greeks over 12
years old must go to a police office to ask for an Identity Card. In Greece, there are
many everyday things you cannot do without an ID. In fact, according to an older
law, the Police ID is the only legal identity document and no one has a right to ask
for more identity documents. Since the 1980s all legal services in Greece must be
done with this ID. Also, you can travel within the EU with a Greek National ID card.
Carrying the ID is not compulsory, however during routine police checks, if you are
found without an ID, the police officer may take you to the nearest police station for
further investigation.
• Hong Kong: See main article Hong Kong Identity Card. Identity cards have been
used since 1949, and been compulsory since 1980. Children are required to obtain
their first identity card at age 11, and must change to an adult identity card at age
18.
• Hungary: See [4] (in Hungarian) It is compulsory to possess an ID or passport from
the age of 14. A driving license can be also used for identification from the age of
17. Private entities however, are legally required to accept passport or driver's
licence for proof, but often do not accept them, only the ID card, thus in effect
almost all citizens have the ID card. Police has the legal power to stop people on
streets at random and ask for ID paper only if they have any proof that the person
was involved in a crime, or is a witness. If the person has no proof for identification
he/she can be detained for maximum 24 hours. It is a common misconception in
Hungary that the Police can ask for your ID at any time, but since 1990 this is not
the case.
• Indonesia: Kartu Tanda Penduduk for Indonesian citizens and the KITAP's or
permanent residents card holder. This card is compulsory for people at age 17 or
have been married or married.
• Iran: The Iranian national identity card is compuslory for permanent residents, age
15 and over.
• Israel: The Teudat Zehut is first issued at age 16 and is compulsory by 18.
• Jordan: First issued at age 16 and is compulsory by 18.
• Kenya: Issued at age 18 and is compulsory. Carrying the ID is not compulsory,
however it's easier to get through police checks if you have one.
• Lithuania: Asmens tapatybės kortelė, compulsory at 16.
• Luxembourg: First issued at age 15 and only issued to Luxembourg citizens, who
are required by law to carry it at all times.
• Latvia: See [5] (In English) An identity card or passport is the mandatory personal
identification document for a citizen of Latvia or a non-citizen who lives in Latvia
and has reached 15 years of age. However, ID cards are still not being issued, the
ID card project is a concept, even though the legislative base is present.
• Madagascar: Kara-panondrom-pirenen'ny teratany malagasy (Carte nationale
d'identité de citoyen malagasy). Possession is compulsory for Malagasy citizens
from age 18 (by decree 78-277, 1978-10-03).
• Malaysia: MyKad. Issued at age 12, it is updated at 18.
• Malta: Karta ta' l-Identità Issued at 14, updated at 16, compulsory at 18.
• Moldova: The Buletin de identitate is compulsory at 16.
• Morocco: The national identity card is the ID of the citizens of Morocco (in Arabic :
‫)بطاقة التعريف الوطنية‬. This is an official document which allows any citizen to prove his
identity and therefore it is valid, his Moroccan nationality. It is compulsory for all
citizens aged over 18 years, but it can be obtained from the age of 16. A new
version of the card is out, it has the form of a credit card. The Directorate General of
National Security (DSMS) of Morocco announced Sunday, March 30, 2008 it will
proceed on 1 April 2008 to issue new national identity card Electronic (NIEC). The
current national maps will be gradually replaced in four years. The NIEC is biometric
and provides citizens of the presentation of life certificate, residence certificate,
extract of birth and citizenship certificates.

Specimen of a Montenegrin identity card

• Montenegro: The Montenegrin identity card (Lična karta/Лична карта) is


compulsory at the age of 16. It is issued only to Montenegrin citizens with
permanent residence in Montenegro. While it is the most often used official
identification document, three other hold the same status — Passport, Driver's
licence and Refugee ID card. Old style IDs, that refer to a the no longer existing
states of SFRY or FRY, will expire in 2011.
• Mozambique: Bilhete de identidade
• Netherlands: Identiteitsbewijs (Dutch Wikipedia): Since 1 January 2005 identification
is compulsory at 14. Legal proof of identity are a Dutch or other European identity
card or a passport. A Dutch driving license is valid while other driving licenses are
not valid for identification. It is not compulsory to carry a proof of identity, but it is
compulsory to show it to the authorities when they ask such under certain
circumstances. Such circumstances include suspicious behaviour, committing any
offense, or if a person is interviewed as a witness of a crime. Identity checks at
events where the public order may be in danger are also allowed. Otherwise
random identity checks by the police are not allowed in principle but can happen in
certain areas such as a train station or doubtful areas i.e. redlight district, and a fine
for not showing proof of identity may be successfully challenged in such cases. The
fine for not being able to show proof of identity when legally required is € 50.-. Proof
of identity is also required when opening a bank account and when entering an
employment contract.
• Panama: Cedula de Identidad. Required at 18. Panamaninan citizens must carry
their Cedula at all times.[7]
• Pakistan: Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC). First made at the age of 18,
not compulsory to carry all the time. The card is mandatory for opening bank
accounts, for passport and almost all substantial monetary transactions from car,
land to high value assets.
• Peru: Documento Nacional de Identidad.

Specimen of a Polish national ID card (front and back)

• Poland: Polish National Identity Card The card is compulsory at 18. Those who do
not comply with the relevant law are denied passports.[citation needed]
• Portugal: as of 2006 the government has issued the Cartão de Cidadão (Citizen
Card). The older Bilhete de identidade which has been compulsory at 10, is still in
limited use.
• Romania: The Carte de identitate is compulsory at 14.
• Russia: Internal passport is compulsory at 14 (but there is no penalty for not having
one until the age of 16) and reissued with a new photograph at 20, 45. Although
there are no laws in Russia requiring to carry a proof of identity, in certain places,
such as Moscow, it is sensible to carry a passport at all times as lack of an ID during
ad-hoc police checks is sufficient grounds for detention. A passport is also required
for travel by long-range trains and airlines. There are a couple of operations that
require an internal passport, (e.g. all notarial operations, land to high value assets).
• Saudi Arabia: The National ID Card "Bitaqat Al-Ahwal Al-Madaniya" (Arabic: ‫بطاقة الحوال‬
‫ )المدنية‬Issued at 15 for males, compulsory at 17. Non-compulsory for females but
issued at 21.
• Serbia: The Lična karta (Лична карта) is compulsory at the age of 16, but it can be
obtained when a person turns 10. It is issued only to Serbian citizens with
permanent residence in Serbia. While it is the most often used official identification
document, three other hold the same status — Passport, Driver's licence and
Refugee ID card. Old style IDs, that refer to a the no longer existing states of SFRY
or FRY, will expire in 2011.
• Singapore: It is compulsory for all citizens and permanent residents to apply for the
National Registration Identity Card from age 15 onwards, and to re-register their
cards for a replacement at age 30. It is not compulsory for bearers to hold the card
at all times, nor are they compelled by law to show their cards to police officers
conducting regular screening while on patrol, for instance. Failure to show any form
of identification, however, may allow the police to detain suspicious individuals until
relevant identification may be produced subsequently either in person or by proxy.
The NRIC is also a required document for some government procedures, commercial
transactions such as the opening of a bank account, or to gain entry to premises by
surrendering or exchanging for an entry pass. Failure to produce the card may
result in denied access to these premises or attainment of goods and services. In
contrast to other countries, the NRIC also states the bearers' race. Immigration &
Checkpoints Authority
• Slovakia: Občiansky preukaz (Citizens card) is compulsory at the age of 15. It serves
the purpose of general identification towards the authorities. It features a
photograph, date of birth and the address. Every card has a unique number.
• Slovenia: The Osebna izkaznica is compulsory for citizens of Slovenia who have a
permanent residence in Slovenia, are at least 18 years old, and do not have a
passport. It can be issued to citizens under 18 on request by their parent or legal
guardian.
• South Africa: An Identity Document (ID) is issued at age 16 to all citizens; and
permanent residents. Although passports and driver's licences are also acceptable
forms of identification, banks only accept IDs. Your ID has a barcode, a photo, and
your unique ID number. Information (including age and gender but excluding race)
is referenced under your ID number: accounts, criminal record, voting history,
driver's licence etc. You need an ID in order to apply for a passport, bank account,
driver's licence or tertiary studies, as well as to register to vote. In most cases
employers will also request a photocopy of your ID in order to process your
appointment. Your voting history as well as any firearm licences are documented in
your ID booklet. As one's ID may be required for some of the functions listed above,
some SA permanent residents, may elect to keep their ID document on their person.
• South Korea: Korean citizens are issued a national ID card when reaching adulthood
(typically when he/she reaches the age of 19 under East Asian age reckoning). This
card will have a unique "Citizen's Registration Number" (jumin deungnok beonho;
Korean: 주민등록번호 - see main article Resident registration number (South
Korea)). The first six numbers indicate the citizen's date of birth, while the last
seven numbers includes information such as where the birth was registered. This
number is used by Korean citizens for all forms of record-keeping, including online.
Spanish DNI specimen, front (top) back (bottom)

• Spain: The Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI) (Spanish Wikipedia) is


compulsory at 14, can be issued before if necessary (to travel to other European
countries, for example). By law, it has to be carried at all times, and it is routinely
used for identification, and it is often photocopied by private and public bureaus.
Credit-card purchases cannot be made without showing this ID. Since 2006, it is
being replaced by the Electronic DNI.
• Thailand : National ID card is compulsory for all citizens at the age of 15.
• Turkey: The Nüfus Cüzdanı is compulsory right after birth without photograph, at
the age of 15 a photograph must be sticked on. It has to be carried at all times and
it is often photocopied by bureaus, banks, etc.
• Ukraine: Internal Ukrainian passport is compulsory (to possess but not to carry) at
age of 16.
• Venezuela: In Venezuela it is called Cédula de Identidad, it is mandatory at the age
of 10 and is renewed every 10 years
• Vietnam: Known as giấy chứng minh nhân dân ("people's proof document"), it is
compulsory for all Vietnamese citizens over 14.

[edit] Countries with non-compulsory identity cards


These are countries which have national identity cards, but they are not compulsory by law. Some kind
of identity cards are usually needed anyway for e.g. bank transactions.
• Austria
• Canada: Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) issues the Canada Permanent
Resident Card to permanent residents of Canada. A Citizenship Certificate can be
given to any citizen that choose to apply, but is automatically issued to naturalized
Canadian citizens.
• Finland national identity cards exist, but commonly people use their driving licences
or national social security cards as ID. When making purchases with a credit card,
ID card will usually be asked for. In electronic transactions, online bank identifiers
have been introduced also for personal identification purposes. Many government
services can be accessed in this way.
• France (see extended discussion below)
• Iceland: The National Register of Persons ("Þjóðskrá") issues national identity cards
("Nafnskírteini") to all teenagers in the year they become 14 years old. People in
Iceland are required to present identification if asked by police, but it doesn't have
to be this particular card as driving licenses and various other ID cards are
considered valid.
• Italy: Carta d'Identità (Italian Wikipedia) May be issued to anyone (either Italian
citizen or foreigner) who resides in Italy, and to Italian citizens living abroad. It is
issued after the 15th birthday. It's not compulsory to have it or to carry it along,
unless expressedly ordered by public security authorities.
• Mexico: The Federal Electorate Institute("Insituto Federal Electoral") issues a Voting
card (Credencial para votar) for Mexican citizens when they become 18 years old.
The card is compulsory in order to participate in Federal level elections, and is the
defacto ID for most legal tramits.
• Sweden (see extended information below)
• Switzerland
• In the European Union, a national identity card complying to certain standards can
be used by European citizens as a travel document in place of a passport[8]. An
exception is that a Swedish national identity card is not usable when leaving
Sweden to a non-Schengen country.
• In the United States, the Passport card is issed to its citizens upon request. Although
its main purpose is for land and sea travel within the country, under the REAL ID
Act, the passport card will also be accepted for domestic air travel.[9] U.S.
Citizenship and Immigration Services has indicated that the U.S. Passport Card may
be used in the Employment Eligibility Verification Form I-9 (form) process[10]. The
passport card is considered a “List A” document that may be presented by newly
hired employees during the employment eligibility verification process to show work
authorized status. “List A” documents are those used by employees to prove both
identity and work authorization when completing the Form I-9. The passport card
can be used as a valid proof of citizenship and proof of identity both inside and
outside the United States[11]. Most people, however, use state issued driver's
licenses, or state issued (generally by the state's DMV) nondriver's ID cards, as
identity cards.

[edit] France
Main article: French national identity card

The country has had a national ID card since 1940, when it helped the Vichy authorities identify 76,000
for deportation as part of the Holocaust.
In the past, identity cards were compulsory, had to be updated each year in case of change of residence
and were valid for 10 years, and their renewal required paying a fee. In addition to the face photograph,
the card included the family name, first names, date and place of birth, and the national identity number
invented by the national INSEE registry, and which is also used as the national service registration
number, as the Social Security account number for health and retirement benefits.
Later, the laws were changed[citation needed] so that any official and certified document (even if expired and
possibly unusable abroad) with a photograph and a name on it, issued by a public administration or
enterprise (such as a railroad transportation card, a student card, a driving licence or a passport) can be
used to prove one's identity[citation needed]. Also, law enforcement (police, gendarmerie) can now accept
photocopies of these documents[citation needed] when performing identity checks, provided that the original
document is presented within two weeks[citation needed]. For financial transactions, any of these documents
must be equally accepted as proof of identity[citation needed].
The current identity cards are now issued free of charge, and non-compulsory. Legislation has been
published for a proposed compulsory biometric card system, which has been widely criticised, among
others by the "National commission for computing and liberties" (Commission nationale de
l’informatique et des libertés, CNIL), the national authority and regulator on computing systems and
databases. Identity cards issued since 2004 include basic biometric information (a digitized fingerprint
record, a printed digital photograph and a scanned signature) and various anti-fraud systems embedded
within the plastic-covered card.
The next generation of the French green card, named "Carte Vitale", for the Social Security benefit
(which already includes a chip and a magnetic stripe currently containing very little information) will
include a digital photograph and other personal medical information in addition to identity elements. It
may then become a substitute for the National Identity Card.
[edit] Sweden
Main article: Identity documents in Sweden

Sweden has since October 1, 2005 issued national identity cards, but they are not compulsory and only
obtainable by Swedish citizens[12], mostly intended to use for intra-Schengen area travel.
Having an identity card in Sweden is not mandatory, but it is needed in several situations, e.g. for bank
services or when picking up a package at a post office. Opening a bank account, getting a drivers license
or other situations requiring one to have a Swedish personal identity number necessitates a valid
Swedish identity document. Commonly people use their driver's licenses or certified identification cards
issued by the banks.
From 2008-2009 banks and the postal service have stopped issuing them. Instead the state through the
tax authorities has take the responsibility of issuing identity cards for foreign citizens from the second
half 2009. These are mostly issued to immigrants, since Swedish citizens prefer getting a passport
instead. The tax authority card and the Swedish passport are nowadays the only ways to get a card, if
one does not have any Swedish identity documents.
The reason for the introduction of the tax authority card was that the process of getting a bank card was
tightened around 2005-2007 so that most immigrants could not get a card. The rule was that if you want
a Swedish identity card when you have none, you must have a close family member who has a valid
Swedish identity card who then vouches for your identity.[13][14].
------------ -------------------

http://www.ehow.com/list_6894897_countries-use-national-id-cards_.html

What Countries in the World Use National ID


Cards?
1.
○ While debate in the US is still out for a national ID card, many other countries around the
world already use them. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, a broad
coalition of citizen watchdog organizations opposes having a national ID card. On April
13, 2010, they collectively sent a letter to the White House and select Senate committees
expressing opposition to the proposal made by Senators Charles Schumer and Lindsey
Graham to legislate a biometric national ID card.

Belgium
○ Belgium introduced their National ID Card in 2004 with plans to include all citizens by
2012. ID cards issued after 2012 will include biometric data such as fingerprints designed
to enhance card security by preventing forgeries. Children are not required to have IDs.

Sweden
○ Swedish citizens have had a National ID Card in place since October 1, 2005. The ID
program was seen as a way to streamline travel to other parts of Europe without having to
carry a passport. Swedes also use their National IDs in their own country as proof of
citizenship.

Macau
○ Macau, the former Portuguese colony and now a Special Autonomous Region of China,
has National ID cards for all Macau citizens. Forgery-proof electronic smart cards,
developed by Bell ID, were issued to the 540,000 qualifying residents of Macau. In
addition to serving as a photo ID, the cards also have the capability to provide carriers
with future secure access to electronic government services.

Saudi Arabia
○ Saudi Arabia has had National Identity Cards in use since May 4, 2004. It was at this
time that Prince Naif bin Abdul Aziz, also the Interior Minister, authorized its use for
citizens. The card offered a high resolution color photograph. As of April 2010, new
cards contain GPS chips, fingerprints and embedded and coded security features designed
to thwart forgers.

Kenya
○ National ID cards are used in Kenya. According to the Registration of Persons Act, all
Kenyan citizens who are 18 years or older need to present themselves before a registrar
of the court to begin the process, which includes taking a photograph and getting
fingerprints. Documentation pertaining to birth records and domicile location should be
from the citizen's home district as it's the best way for authorities to ascertain
authenticity. Registrars are authorized to ask naturalized citizens for additional
documentation when forgery is suspected.

Read more: What Countries in the World Use National ID Cards? | eHow.com
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