PRAMA AND RESEARCH

Dr Ananth Ram Sharma

MD Panchakarma, (Ph.D)
Department of Panchakarma
 TANTRA YUKTI IN ADYAYANA AND
ADHYAPANA

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 RESEARCH
Gold standard is ongoing research
Active research indicates addition of new
dimensions of applications
Research is an integral part
CHANGE IN THOUGHT PROCESS
Industrial revolution changed the traditional thought process
in the west
Barring or rearranging of old principles,
Provided new tools and techniques.
Favorable atmosphere for experimental research process.
True experiments were thus possible in all settings.
Difference in current and ancient science becomes starkly
cognizable.
Modern science started becoming more reductionist trying
to put one to one co-relation
“Koopa Manduka’s” we were not aware of the same and
never try to update
PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA ?

Search of the Karya - Karana relationship is the

only one principle of research common to whole
science.

Research is a science of methods employed to

gain knowledge about a particular relationship
based
 RESEARCH UP TO
DATE
History says providers of medical
services are forever trying to devise
efficient medicines, and surgical
procedures.
In earlier times experiment it was with
trial and error, anecdotes, and
information from peers.
But research in the field of Ayurveda
was stagnant.
Literary research is the only exercise.

Present day need is not finding new drugs

Standardization and quality assurance of in use

drugs.

Fundamentals in contemporary terminology.

Growing demand for an “Evidence Base”.

 PATIENT IS KING
Informed care and patients are
selective.

No research trial with out obtaining

consent in writing.

We must update and contemporize the

science.
Clinician is expected to practice
evidence based medicine.

Evidence regarding new treatment

comes from research studies.

Based on the touch stone of statistical

evaluation, and not on the researcher’s
belief or perception.
 RESEARCH MEANS
Research is the systematic process of
collecting and analyzing information (data)
in order to increase our understanding of the
phenomenon about which we are concerned
or interested.
 OBJECTIVES OF
v
RESEARCH
The purpose of research is to discover
answers through the application of
scientific procedures.

v The objectives are:

Ø To gain familiarity with a

phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it – Exploratory or
 EPISTEMOLOGY
Epistemology (or theory of
knowledge) is a branch of philosophy
studying the nature and scope of
knowledge.
It focuses on analyzing the nature of
knowledge and how it relates to
notions such as truth, belief, and
justification.
It also deals with the means of
production of knowledge, and
skepticism about knowledge claims.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
DOCUMENT
Shastra Pareeksha, Taachchhilya,
Vyaakhyaa, Kalpanaa these are
guidelines and rules to be followed in
assessment of scientific literature.
 PRAMA
Ayurveda is evidence based since antiquity
Research is the search of the true knowledge
The ancient concept of evidence is based on four
fold testing classical methods are;
● Prathyaksha
● Anumana

● Aptopadesh

● Yukthi
1. Aapta or Shabda - Authentic scientific
evidence documented in literature.

1. Pratyaksha - Direct, validated, logically

analyzed experiences of each individual.

1. Anumana - This tool operates based on

the above two tools Aapta and
pratyaksha. Futuristic and inferential.

1. Yukti - Designing and putting Aapta and

 IS IT SUFFICIENT ?
But in spite of all these primary
strength, need to develop supportive
new scientific evidence.

So need to develop our own research

methodology based on our principles.
 CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
The broad categories, objectives and methodology
to conduct research with a particular focus are as
follows:
● Clinical research
● Drug research
● Literary research
● Epidemiological
● Fundamental
●
 CLINICAL RESEARCH
Clinical research is defined, as a prospective study
to evaluate any intervention, be it preventive,
diagnostic or therapeutic.

Clinical trial is carefully and ethically designed

experiment with the aim of answering some
precisely framed question. (Sir Austin Bradford
Hill).

Clinical research is different from practice of

medicine.
 OBJECTIVES
To understand the therapeutic efficacy,
preventive, promotive, therapeutic
actions,adverse reactions.

To study the reasons of relapse of disease;

effect of known drugs or treatment methods
in a different dose or duration to control or
avoid relapse.

To assess the role of dietary and behavioral

restriction or positive environment in cure.
 SUBTYPES OF CLINICAL RESEARCH

Oral drug

Behavioral - Treatments for psychological disorders.

Therapy – Panchakarma/ Shodhana

Surgical treatments - different surgical techniques in

all the branches.
 METHODOLOGY
Basic understanding of methodology or rules for all
the types do not change.

Factors in methodology are drug, equipment or

instrument, patients, disease condition under study
and setting of the study.
 RESEARCH PROCESS
FF
Review the literature
FF
Review
Concepts Analyse
And Design
Collect Data
theories Research Interpret
Define Formulate Data (Test
(Including and
Research hypothesis (Execution) Hypothesis
Sample report
Problem if any)
Review Design)
Previous
F F
I Research III IV V
findings VI VII

II
F
FF Feed Forward F Feed Back
SPECIFICATION OF METHODOLOGY

Karana - The word denotes any material for

treatment.

Kaaryayoni - Here it is expected that the outline of

the disease condition under stud.

Aaturadesha - A rational understanding of any

human being - Dashavidha pareeksha.
Bhoomidesha - Geographical area or study
location, iformation on genetic or racial make up
and socio-economical status of the subject.

Kaarya, Kaaryaphala and Anubandha - These are

measure with respect to the topic under study.
 STATISTICAL DATA
Application of statistics in Samhitas
Variables
Methods of dispersion
Analysis
Interpretation
 CLINICAL RESEARCH
EXAMPLES
Rasayana/ Vajikarana only after Shodhana

Later addition of Phiranga and its effective

management
 CLINICAL RESEARCH
A
COMMENT
clinical research project on the basis of Yukti - a
systematic, intelligent arrangement of thought based on
Aaptopadesha –documented knowledge; conducted -
Pratyaksha in specified precise setting; with Anumaana -
expected outcome or inference.

When the work is complete it can be added to a written

document.
 IN PRECISE
By employing all the tools a researcher can analyze and find out
the true relationship between cause and effect.
The cause can be of three types Samavaayi, Asamavaayi,
Nimitta.

All the three factors lead to real or true knowledge.

The whole exercise of research is done in the quest of true

knowledge.

Change in the principles of basic sciences reflects change in

applied sciences.
“Na Matra Matramapyatra Kinchit
Agama Varjitam”

THANK YOU

For Your Attention